Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · August 2026
Conservation planning has long prioritized local species richness (α diversity) but has rarely explicitly integrated species turnover (β diversity) into actionable strategies. Areas with high species turnover lack recognition and protection despite their e ...
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Journal articleConservation Science and Practice · July 1, 2026
Understanding a species' demography is central to its conservation and management. For some species, surveying populations is a costly and labor-intensive endeavor. Here, we present a cost-effective sampling methodology for measuring age structures of sava ...
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Journal articleScience advances · February 2026
The Living Planet Index and the ever-changing iterations of planetary boundaries for biodiversity integrity or health are inappropriate, misleading, and will harm on-the-ground conservation efforts. ...
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Journal articleProceedings. Biological sciences · February 2026
The fifteenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted four Global Goals for 2050 and 23 Targets for 2030. One concern has been the lack of a monitoring mechanism to measure the progress of countries in protecting biodive ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · January 2026
The Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Targets present the most ambitious and serious conservation agenda ever developed-the overarching goal of preserving 30% of the planet by 2030. An organizational framework is now in place to deliver stable, predictive, and ...
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Journal articleOne Earth · December 19, 2025
The loss of biodiversity is irreversible and represents one of humanity’s greatest sustainability challenges. It has severe consequences for ecosystems and human well-being and requires global action. China, a global biodiversity hotspot, has experienced r ...
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Journal articleNature Sustainability · March 1, 2025
Advanced remote sensing shows illegal deforestation as it happens, allowing for prompt action when there is the political will to stop it, argues Stuart Pimm. ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation · August 1, 2024
In the wet season of southern Africa's savannahs, surface water is extensive, allowing elephants to move widely. However, when surface water is restricted in the dry season, elephant use of the landscape is highly dependent on water availability and varies ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · July 2024
Protected areas conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions but might impede local economic growth. Understanding the global patterns and predictors of different relationships between protected area effectiveness and neighboring community economic growth ...
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Journal articleScientific data · July 2024
We present a flora and fauna dataset for the Mira-Mataje binational basins. This is an area shared between southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, where both the Chocó and Tropical Andes biodiversity hotspots converge. We systematized data from 120 ...
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Journal articleScience advances · January 2024
The influence of protected areas on the growth of African savannah elephant populations is inadequately known. Across southern Africa, elephant numbers grew at 0.16% annually for the past quarter century. Locally, much depends on metapopulation dynamics-th ...
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Journal articlePeerJ · January 2024
The ongoing destruction of habitats in the tropics accelerates the current rate of species extinction. Range-restricted species are exceptionally vulnerable, yet we have insufficient knowledge about their protection. Species' current distributions, range s ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · October 2023
Local studies show upslope shifts in the distribution of tropical birds in response to warming temperatures. Unanswered is whether these upward shifts occur regionally across many species. We considered a nearly 2000-km length of the Northern Andes, where ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · February 2023
We consider the distribution of fruit pigeons of the genera Ptilinopus and Ducula on the island of New Guinea. Of the 21 species, between six and eight coexist inside humid lowland forests. We conducted or analyzed 31 surveys at 16 different ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2023
Loss of habitat can take many forms, ranging from the fragmentation of once-continuous habitat to the slow erosion of populations across continents. Usually, the harm leading to biodiversity loss is not immediately obvious: there is an extinction debt. Mos ...
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Journal articleBiotropica · November 1, 2022
India hosts multiple global biodiversity hotspots while being one of the most populous countries in the world. Here, we examine how well India has protected its avifauna, based on the fraction of their ranges falling within “protected areas.” India has pro ...
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Journal articleJournal for Nature Conservation · June 1, 2022
Evidence-based approaches are key for underpinning effective conservation practice, but major gaps in the evidence of the effectiveness of interventions limit their use. Conservation practitioners could make major contributions to filling these gaps but of ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · May 2022
Stuart Pimm remembers ecologist and conservationist Tom Lovejoy, who coined the term biodiversity. ...
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Journal articleScience advances · February 2022
The lives lost and economic costs of viral zoonotic pandemics have steadily increased over the past century. Prominent policymakers have promoted plans that argue the best ways to address future pandemic catastrophes should entail, "detecting and containin ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2022
Southern Africa spans nearly 7 million km2 and contains approximately 80% of the world's savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) mostly living in isolated protected areas. Here we ask what are the prospects for improving the connections between these popul ...
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Journal articleDisability and rehabilitation · November 2021
BackgroundSocial isolation and inactivity are highly problematic long-term consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury. They are rarely addressed by rehabilitation programmes, which focus on early phases of recovery. Day centres, or "drop-in" peer supp ...
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Journal articleFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution · October 29, 2021
Different models of community dynamics, such as the MacArthur–Wilson theory of island biogeography and Hubbell’s neutral theory, have given us useful insights into the workings of ecological communities. Here, we develop the niche-hypervolume concept of th ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · October 2021
The U.N. has declared 2021-2030 the 'decade of restoration' (https://www.decadeonrestoration.org). This initiative aspires to many actions, but its agenda must include 'reconnecting nature'. Even when natural habitats remain, they often come in fragments t ...
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Journal articleNature ecology & evolution · September 2021
In addition to habitat loss and fragmentation, demographic processes-the vagaries of births, deaths and sex ratio fluctuations-pose substantial threats to wild giant panda populations. Additionally, climate change and plans for the Giant Panda National Par ...
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Journal articleNational science review · July 2021
Biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We review research, including sp ...
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Journal articleAmbio · May 2021
Conservation science is a new and evolving discipline, so it seems prudent to explore different approaches. That said, we should examine what we know and, vitally, what works to conserve biodiversity and what does not. Ecosystem processes determine the fat ...
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Journal articlePeerJ · January 2021
The cause of deaths of 350 elephants in 2020 in a relatively small unprotected area of northern Botswana is unknown, and may never be known. Media speculations about it ignore ecological realities. Worse, they make conjectures that can be detrimental to wi ...
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Journal articlePlants People Planet · January 1, 2021
Human actions are driving plant species to extinction at rates a hundred to a thousand times faster than normal. To prevent extinctions, it would be helpful to have a more comprehensive taxonomic catalogue and much greater knowledge of where plant species ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2021
Accurate maps of species ranges are essential to inform conservation, but time-consuming to produce and update. Given the pace of change of knowledge about species distributions and shifts in ranges under climate change and land use, a need exists for time ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · November 2020
How has the global network of protected areas developed - and which decisions have guided this development? Answering these questions may give insight into what might be possible in the next decade. In 2021, China will host the Convention of Biological Div ...
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Journal articleEcosystem Services · August 1, 2020
The Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Targets address both biodiversity and ecosystem services. We explore the relationship between giant panda populations and three ecosystem services: carbon sequestration, water retention, and soil retention. Do ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · June 2020
Long-term studies to understand biodiversity changes remain scarce-especially so for tropical mountains. We examined changes from 1911 to 2016 in the bird community of the cloud forest of San Antonio, a mountain ridge in the Colombian Andes. We evaluated t ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · February 2020
As a landscape becomes increasingly fragmented through habitat loss, the individual patches become smaller and more isolated and thus less likely to sustain a local population. Metapopulation theory is appropriate for analyzing fragmented landscapes becaus ...
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Journal articleContinuity and Change · December 2019
AbstractThis article investigates the empirical backing for the claim that poor law officials needed legal authority to refuse poor parents’ right to the custody of their children in order to stabilise ch ...
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Journal articleTrends in ecology & evolution · November 2019
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species includes assessment of extinction risk for 98 512 species, plus documentation of their range, habitat, elevation, and other factors. These range, habitat and elevation ...
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Journal articleNature sustainability · October 2019
"Sustainability", "resilience", and other terms group under the heading of "stability." Their ubiquity speaks to a vital need to characterise changes in complex social and environmental systems. In a bewildering array of terms, practical measurements are e ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · September 2019
Three well-supported generalizations in conservation biology are that developing tropical countries will experience the greatest biodiversity declines in the near future, they are some of the least studied areas in the world, and in these regions especiall ...
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Journal articleTrends in ecology & evolution · September 2019
We discuss institutional reforms to China's protected area management. Currently (as elsewhere), protected areas suffer fragmented management, lack of a comprehensive classification, inadequate coverage of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and divided, ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · September 2019
To counter their widespread loss, global aspirations are for no net loss of remaining wetlands [1]. We examine whether this goal alone is sufficient for managing China's wetlands, for they constitute 10% of the world's total. Analyzing wetland changes betw ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · June 2019
The IUCN Red List has downgraded several species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” that still have largely unknown extinction risks. We consider one of those downgraded species, the giant panda, a bamboo specialist. Massive bamboo flowering could be a natu ...
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Journal articleEnvironmental Research Letters · November 1, 2018
Further expansion of agriculture in the tropics is likely to accelerate the loss of biodiversity. One crop of concern to conservation is African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). We examined recent deforestation associated with oil palm in the Peruvian Amazon ...
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Journal articleNeuropsychological rehabilitation · October 2018
Social isolation has been described as a common problem among traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors during the chronic phase. Due to physical, cognitive and behavioural changes, survivors become less socially active and experience a marked decrease in the ...
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Journal articleFrontiers in Marine Science · September 7, 2018
We analyze recently collected feather tissues from two species of seabirds, the sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) and brown noddy (Anous stolidus), in three ocean regions (North Atlantic, North Pacific, and South Pacific) with different human impacts. The ...
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Journal articleScience advances · August 2018
It is theoretically possible to protect large fractions of species in relatively small regions. For plants, 85% of species occur entirely within just over a third of the Earth's land surface, carefully optimized to maximize the species captured. Well-known ...
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Journal articleTrends in ecology & evolution · February 2018
The notion of a 'safe operating space for biodiversity' is vague and encourages harmful policies. Attempts to fix it strip it of all meaningful content. Ecology is rapidly gaining insights into the connections between biodiversity and ecosystem stability. ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · December 2017
China has implemented forest policies and expanded protected areas to halt deforestation and protect giant panda habitats. These policies simultaneously encouraged local communities to raise livestock that then freely range in forests. This grazing had uni ...
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Journal articleNature ecology & evolution · November 2017
The conservation status of the iconic giant panda is a barometer of global conservation efforts. The IUCN Red List has downgraded the panda's extinction risk from "endangered" to "vulnerable". Newly obtained, detailed GIS and remotely sensed data applied c ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · September 2017
The Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are two of the most fragmented biodiversity hotspots. Species-area relationships predict that their habitat fragments will experience a substantial loss of species. Most of these extin ...
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Journal articleTrends in ecology & evolution · May 2017
A recent report assessing the world's plant species finds continuing progress in completing the taxonomic catalog. However, many undescribed species remain. The report concludes that, presently, 21% of known species risk extinction. We show this statement ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2017
Savannas once constituted the range of many species that human encroachment has now reduced to a fraction of their former distribution. Many survive only in protected areas. Poaching reduces the savanna elephant, even where protected, likely to the detrime ...
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Journal articlePeerJ · January 2017
Migratory seabirds face threats from climate change and a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. Although most seabird research has focused on the ecology of individuals at the colony, technological advances now allow researchers to track seabird movements ...
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Journal articleConservation Evidence · January 1, 2017
Lions Panthera leo kill livestock in the pastoral steppe of East Africa. The subsequent lethal retaliation by livestock owners has helped reduce lion numbers by more than 80% and driven the species from most of its historic range. This conflict is especial ...
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Journal articlePeerJ · January 2017
Assessing the numbers and distribution of threatened species is a central challenge in conservation, often made difficult because the species of concern are rare and elusive. For some predators, this may be compounded by their being sparsely distributed ov ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · December 2016
Increasing human numbers and aspirations threaten protected areas worldwide. China faces especially strong pressure since many people live inside protected areas. It has sought to balance human needs and conservation goals within them by creating mixed zon ...
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Journal articleScience advances · November 2016
The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List classifies species according to their risk of extinction, informing global to local conservation decisions. Unfortunately, important geospatial data do not explicitly or efficiently enter t ...
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Journal articleEcology letters · September 2016
Human actions challenge nature in many ways. Ecological responses are ineluctably complex, demanding measures that describe them succinctly. Collectively, these measures encapsulate the overall 'stability' of the system. Many international bodies, includin ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · April 2016
The giant panda attracts disproportionate conservation resources. How well does this emphasis protect other endemic species? Detailed data on geographical ranges are not available for plants or invertebrates, so we restrict our analyses to 3 vertebrate tax ...
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Journal articleNature Climate Change · January 27, 2016
Deforestation is a major driver of climate change and the major driver of biodiversity loss. Yet the essential baseline for monitoring forest cover - the global area of forests - remains uncertain despite rapid technological advances and international cons ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2016
The IUCN Red List has assessed the global distributions of the majority of the world's amphibians, birds and mammals. Yet these assessments lack explicit reference to widely available, remotely-sensed data that can sensibly inform a species' risk of extinc ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2016
Palm oil is the most widely traded vegetable oil globally, with demand projected to increase substantially in the future. Almost all oil palm grows in areas that were once tropical moist forests, some of them quite recently. The conversion to date, and fut ...
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Journal articleTrends in ecology & evolution · November 2015
Technologies to identify individual animals, follow their movements, identify and locate animal and plant species, and assess the status of their habitats remotely have become better, faster, and cheaper as threats to the survival of species are increasing ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · October 2015
The global total of protected areas to conserve biodiversity is increasing steadily, while numerous studies show that they are broadly effective. That said, how will current conservation strategies work, given the current and expected changes to the global ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · April 2015
A key measure of humanity's global impact is by how much it has increased species extinction rates. Familiar statements are that these are 100-1000 times pre-human or background extinction levels. Estimating recent rates is straightforward, but establishin ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 2015
Because habitat loss is the main cause of extinction, where and how much society chooses to protect is vital for saving species. The United States is well positioned economically and politically to pursue habitat conservation should it be a societal goal. ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · March 2015
Species are going extinct rapidly, while taxonomic catalogues are still incomplete for even the best-known taxa. Intensive fieldwork is finding species so rare and threatened that some become extinct within years of discovery. Recent bird extinctions in Br ...
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Journal articleAnnals of the Missouri Botanical Garden · March 2015
How many flowering plant species are there? Where are they? How many are going extinct, and how fast are they doing so? Interesting in themselves, these are questions at the heart of modern conservation biology. Determining the answers will dictate where a ...
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Journal articlePeerJ · January 2015
Conservation and restoration priorities often focus on separate ecosystem problems. Inspired by the November 11th (2011) landslide event near Manizales, and the current poor results of Colombia's Article 111 of Law 99 of 1993 as a conservation measure in t ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2015
BackgroundThe world is undergoing exceptional biodiversity loss. Most conservation efforts target biodiversity hotspots at large scales. Such approach overlooks small-sized local hotspots, which may be rich in endemic and highly threatened species ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2015
Deforestation causes habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation, and can ultimately cause extinction of the remnant species. Tropical montane birds face these threats with the added natural vulnerability of narrower elevational ranges and higher specializati ...
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Journal articleJournal of biogeography · December 2014
AIM: MacArthur and Wilson's theory of island biogeography proposes that the rate at which species colonize an island depends on the island's isolation (distance effect), whereas the local extinction rate depends on its area (area effect). Alternative hypot ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · October 2014
We aspired to set conservation priorities in ways that lead to direct conservation actions. Very large-scale strategic mapping leads to familiar conservation priorities exemplified by biodiversity hotspots. In contrast, tactical conservation actions unfold ...
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Journal articleScience (New York, N.Y.) · May 2014
Recent studies clarify where the most vulnerable species live, where and how humanity changes the planet, and how this drives extinctions. We assess key statistics about species, their distribution, and their status. Most are undescribed. Those we know bes ...
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Journal articlePeerJ · January 2014
Setting conservation goals and management objectives relies on understanding animal habitat preferences. Models that predict preferences combine location data from tracked animals with environmental information, usually at a spatial resolution determined b ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · December 2013
Most of the world's remaining habitats are split into small fragments that lose species quickly. Knowledge of this fact can guide practical actions to prevent extinctions. ...
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Journal articleEcology letters · November 2013
Packer et al. reported that fenced lion populations attain densities closer to carrying capacity than unfenced populations. However, fenced populations are often maintained above carrying capacity, and most are small. Many more lions are conserved per doll ...
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Journal articleScience (New York, N.Y.) · September 2013
Identifying which areas capture how many species is the first question in conservation planning. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aspires to formal protection of at least 17% of the terrestrial world and, through the Global Strategy for Plant C ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · July 2013
Identifying priority areas for biodiversity is essential for directing conservation resources. Fundamentally, we must know where individual species live, which ones are vulnerable, where human actions threaten them, and their levels of protection. As conse ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · June 2013
Habitat loss is the principal threat to species. How much habitat remains-and how quickly it is shrinking-are implicitly included in the way the International Union for Conservation of Nature determines a species' risk of extinction. Many endangered specie ...
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Journal articleBiodiversity and conservation · January 2013
We define African savannahs as being those areas that receive between 300 and 1,500 mm of rain annually. This broad definition encompasses a variety of habitats. Thus defined, savannahs comprise 13.5 million km² and encompass most of the present range of t ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2013
Habitat loss and attendant fragmentation threaten the existence of many species. Conserving these species requires a straightforward and objective method that quantifies how these factors affect their survival. Therefore, we compared a variety of metrics t ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · December 2012
'How many species are there?' is a basic question about life. From Acoela worms to Zoantharia corals, oceans are taxonomically more divergent than land. Answering the question requires many experts. ...
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Journal articleTrends in ecology & evolution · September 2012
Estimates of non-microbial diversity on Earth range from 2 million to over 50 million species, with great uncertainties in numbers of insects, fungi, nematodes, and deep-sea organisms. We summarize estimates for major taxa, the methods used to obtain them, ...
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Journal articleBioscience · July 1, 2012
With few exceptions, the US Endangered Species Act requires the designation of "critical habitat" for threatened and endangered species. This provides important protections, including a prohibition against adverse modification of designated habitat by fede ...
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Journal articleNatureza A Conservacao · December 1, 2011
Success in conservation requires that everyone maximize his or her individual impact, because resources are limited and the challenge of saving biodiversity is great. Ten years ago, we asked how best a small, but energetic and passionate group could act to ...
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Journal articleJournal of Biogeography · December 1, 2011
We note serious problems in Collins et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2011, doi: ): failure to use over 80% of the available data; failure to use one of the two available archipelagoes; mistaken inclusion of four species; and reliance on a grossly inadequat ...
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Journal articleJournal of biogeography · December 2011
We demonstrate that much of the morphological and metrical data Lehtonen et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2011, 38, 805–808) present in support of a closer relationship between humans and chimpanzees than between humans and orangutans are faulty. When the ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2011
For most organisms, the number of described species considerably underestimates how many exist. This is itself a problem and causes secondary complications given present high rates of species extinction. Known numbers of flowering plants form the basis of ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · February 2011
Predicting whether the ranges of tropical species will shift to higher elevations in response to climate change requires models that incorporate data on topography and land use. We incorporated temperature gradients and land-cover data from the current ran ...
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Journal articleProceedings. Biological sciences · February 2011
We estimate the probable number of flowering plants. First, we apply a model that explicitly incorporates taxonomic effort over time to estimate the number of as-yet-unknown species. Second, we ask taxonomic experts their opinions on how many species are l ...
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Journal articleConservation Letters · January 1, 2011
The World Bank is the largest international funder of biodiversity conservation. It invests in protected areas to conserve species and spaces, protect ecosystems, and provide food, shelter, and other ecosystem services to local communities. It spends on av ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2011
BackgroundSpecies may respond to a warming climate by moving to higher latitudes or elevations. Shifts in geographic ranges are common responses in temperate regions. For the tropics, latitudinal temperature gradients are shallow; the only escape ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · January 2011
We synthesize findings to date from the world’s largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation, located in central Amazonia. Over the past 32years, Amazonian forest fragments ranging from 1 to 100ha have experienced a wide array of ...
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Journal articleNatureza A Conservacao · December 1, 2010
How many species are likely as-yet unknown to science? Even in relatively well-known groups, there may be substantial numbers of such species. It seems likely that these unknown species will be rare and threatened with extinction. Indeed, science may not d ...
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Journal articleBiodiversity and conservation · July 2010
Elephant are increasing across some areas of Africa leading to concerns that they may reduce woodlands through their feeding. Droughts may help limit elephant numbers, but they are generally both episodic and local. To explore more general impacts of rainf ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · April 2010
Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil has one of the most diverse and most endangered avifaunas in the continental Americas. Many of these endangered birds are endemic to the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, and some even endemic to Rio de Janeiro itself. As ...
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Journal articleEvolutionary Ecology Research · January 1, 2010
Questions: Are interaction patterns in species interaction networks different from what one expects by chance alone? In particular, are these networks nested - a pattern where resources taken by more specialized consumers form a proper subset of those take ...
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Journal articleConservation Letters · January 1, 2010
Endangered species recovery plans are frustrated by small, spatially structured populations where understanding the influence of birth, death, and dispersal is difficult. Here we use a spatially explicit, long-term study to describe dispersal in the Cape S ...
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Journal articleConservation Letters · December 2009
AbstractTranslocations are increasingly important tools for endangered species conservation, but their success is often uncertain. We analyzed 125 time series of grazing mammal translocations in South Afr ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · December 2009
As African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) become increasingly confined to smaller fragmented landscapes, concern over their potential detrimental impacts on vegetation and biodiversity has increased. Understanding elephant vegetation preferences ac ...
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Journal articleBiological Conservation. · December 2009
The IUCN Redlist considers the African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) to be “vulnerable” despite it numbering in the 100,000s and having a large geographical range. This seeming paradox stems from how quickly human persecution can eliminate elephan ...
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Journal articleEcology letters · September 2009
Theories suggest that food webs might consist of groups of species forming 'blocks', 'compartments' or 'guilds'. We consider ecological networks - subsets of complete food webs - involving species at adjacent trophic levels. Reciprocal specializations occu ...
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Journal articleJournal of biogeography · August 2009
We consider three hypotheses - MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography theory (IBT), Lack's habitat diversity idea and the 'target effect'- that explain the pattern of decreased species richness on small and distant islands. We evaluate these hypotheses ...
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Journal articleEvolutionary Ecology Research · July 1, 2009
Questions: Can the difference between chance and pattern be determined by the composition of species across islands in an archipelago? In particular, will one find 'checkerboards' - a pattern of mutual exclusivity that is the simplest pattern that might oc ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · July 2009
'Global warming' may be a familiar term, but it is seriously misleading. Human actions are causing a massive disruption to the planet's climate that is severe, rapid, very variable over space and time, and highly complex. The biosphere itself is complex an ...
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Journal articlejournal of wildlife management · May 2009
We investigated survival for male, female, and first-year Cape Sable seaside sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis, hereafter sparrows), a federally endangered bird restricted to the Florida Everglades, USA. Accurate estimates of survival are critical t ...
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Journal articleCURRENT BIOLOGY · 2009
`Global warming' may be a familiar term, but it is seriously misleading. Human actions are causing a massive disruption to the planet's climate that is severe, rapid, very variable over space and time, and highly complex. The biosphere itself is complex an ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2009
BackgroundReserves are the principal means to conserve forests and biodiversity, but the question of whether reserves work is still debated. In the Amazon, fires are closely linked to deforestation, and thus can be used as a proxy for reserve effe ...
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Journal articlePloS one · January 2009
BackgroundProtected areas are the first, and often only, line of defense in efforts to conserve biodiversity. They might be detrimental or beneficial to rural communities depending on how they alter economic opportunities and access to natural res ...
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Journal articleORYX · October 1, 2008
The grey-winged cotinga Tijuca condita was first described in 1980 from an old specimen, misidentified as a congener. Field observations came later, from two remote, high-elevation forests in the mountains of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both involved only a fe ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · August 2008
Researchers predict that new infrastructure development will sharply increase the rate and extent of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. There are no predictions, however, of which species it will affect. We used a spatially explicit model that predicts ...
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Journal articlePloS one · August 2008
BackgroundThe western Amazon is the most biologically rich part of the Amazon basin and is home to a great diversity of indigenous ethnic groups, including some of the world's last uncontacted peoples living in voluntary isolation. Unlike the east ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 2008
Tropical moist forests contain the majority of terrestrial species. Human actions destroy between 1 and 2 million km(2) of such forests per decade, with concomitant carbon release into the atmosphere. Within these forests, protected areas are the principle ...
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Journal articleConservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · February 2008
Small geographical range size is the single best predictor of threat of extinction in terrestrial species. Knowing how small a species' range has to be before authorities consider it threatened with extinction would allow prediction of a species' risk from ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · February 2008
Habitat loss and climate change both kill off species. New studies show that the latter is a potent threat. Worse, its victims will likely be mostly those not presently threatened by habitat loss. ...
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Journal articleORYX · January 1, 2008
Managers in southern Africa are concerned that continually increasing elephant populations will degrade ecosystems. Culling, translocation and birth control are flawed solutions. An alternative is providing elephants more space but this hinges on identifyi ...
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Journal articleBird Conservation International · September 1, 2007
Cercomacra carbonaria and Synallaxis kollari are passerine birds endemic to the gallery forests of Roraima state in northernmost Brazil and adjacent Guyana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species lists both as Vulnerable but they have been removed from Br ...
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Journal articleEcology letters · March 2007
Many ecologists believe birds disappear from tropical forest fragments because they are poor dispersers. We test this idea using a spatially explicit capture data base from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project near Manaus, Brazil. We measure ...
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Journal articleJournal of Thermal Biology · January 1, 2007
Elephants occur in landscapes where temperatures can reach 50 °C. Due to their large size they may face physiological problems of dissipating heat during such high temperatures. In spite of this, no one seems to have considered ambient temperature as limit ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · July 2006
Unqualified, the statement that approximately 1.3% of the approximately 10,000 presently known bird species have become extinct since A.D. 1500 yields an estimate of approximately 26 extinctions per million species per year (or 26 E/MSY). This is higher th ...
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Journal articleNature · July 2006
Darwin used the metaphor of a 'tangled bank' to describe the complex interactions between species. Those interactions are varied: they can be antagonistic ones involving predation, herbivory and parasitism, or mutualistic ones, such as those involving the ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · May 1, 2006
We examine the consequences of panthers introduced from Texas into south Florida, an area housing a small, isolated, inbred and distinct subspecies (Puma concolor coryi). Once part of a continuous, widespread population, panthers became isolated in south F ...
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Journal articleThe Journal of animal ecology · March 2006
1. We test MacArthur and Wilson's theory about the biogeography of communities on isolated habitat patches using bird breeding records from 16 small islands off the coasts of Britain and Ireland. 2. A traditional examination of patterns of species richness ...
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Journal articleEvolutionary Ecology Research · January 1, 2006
Questions: Does the tendency to join flocks predispose a bird species to local or global extinction? Does the ability to revise particular social preferences in fragmented landscapes confer greater persistence? Do solitary species of birds persist longer i ...
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Journal articleConservation Biology · December 1, 2005
Although there is widespread agreement about conservation priorities at large scales (i.e., biodiversity hotspots), their boundaries remain too coarse for setting practical conservation goals. Refining hotspot conservation means identifying specific locati ...
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Journal articleEcology · January 1, 2005
Do communities return to their former state when we disturb them? The answer is "surely not always," since some disturbances may be so devastating that recovery will be impossible. If communities do recover, then how fast is that recovery? Do different sub ...
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Journal articleConservation Biology · December 1, 2004
Intense deforestation causes massive species losses. These losses occur because the habitats supplanting primary forest are inadequate to sustain viable populations of forest-dependent species. Despite this, certain species do seem to persist within the se ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2003
In the face of worldwide habitat fragmentation, managers need to devise a time frame for action. We ask how fast do understory bird species disappear from experimentally isolated plots in the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, central Amazon, ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · April 2003
We examine a hypothesized relationship between two descriptions of community structure: the niche-overlap dendrogram that describes the ecological similarities of species and the pattern of relative abundances. Specifically, we examine the way in which thi ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · February 1, 2003
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is Federally protected under the Endangered Species Act of the United States of America. This legislation prohibits direct or indirect take - the killing or harming - of the protected species. ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · February 1, 2003
A companion paper in this issue describes the mapping of Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) habitat using satellite imagery. In general, those maps are correct. However, testing against an independent survey of the sparrow populati ...
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Journal articleAnnals of the Missouri Botanical Garden · January 1, 2003
Invasive species are a major global threat to both biodiversity and agriculture and thus are a high priority for conservation science. Governments recognize this and are devoting increasing resources toward solving the problem. Even so, there is inadequate ...
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Journal articleCommunity Ecology · December 1, 2002
We tested the prediction that we are more likely to create persistent, species-rich plant communities by increasing the number of species sown and allowing communities to assemble over six or seven growing seasons. Treatments consisted of four initial seed ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · August 1, 2002
Field ecologists in Everglades National Park know that the dynamics of water flow affect the breeding success of wading birds. A number of recent studies have suggested foraging success as the primary causal link. Data on the number and location of foragin ...
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Journal articleAnnals of the Missouri Botanical Garden · January 1, 2002
The scientific consensus is that human impacts are driving species to extinction hundreds to thousands of times faster than expected from the natural background rate. Critics challenge this. Perhaps giving them more credit than they deserve, I examine four ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · August 1, 2001
We tabulate three measures of rarity: local abundance, breeding range size and elevational extent for the passerine birds of the New World. We determine what fraction of species is threatened with extinction within the combinations of these three measures. ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · August 1, 2001
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is a Federally listed endangered species endemic to south Florida's Everglades. It nests near the ground in seasonally dry prairies. Consequently, the timing and depth of seasonal water flows determine its fate. With water ma ...
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Journal articleScience · September 29, 2000
The California Condor
A Saga of Natural History and Conservation. Noel and Helen Snyder. AP Natural World (Academic Press), San Diego, 2000. 432 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0-12-654005-5.
...
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Journal articleExxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report · December 1, 1999
A better understanding of the whole Prince William Sound (PWS) food web and its dynamics was achieved by constructing a balanced trophic model using the Ecopath approach. The PWS model was a cohesive synthesis of the overall biotic community with a focus o ...
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Journal articleJournal of Animal Ecology · November 1, 1999
1. A reduction in forest area should result in a reduction of its number of species and, moreover, do so in a characteristic way according to the familiar species-area relationship. Brooks, Pimm and Collar (1997) applied this formula to the losses in fores ...
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Journal articleNature · May 20, 1999
Greater numbers and higher proportions of recent species extinctions have been on islands rather than on continents. In contrast, predictions of massive future extinctions stem from the current clearing of continental, tropical forests. For instance, since ...
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Journal article · May 1, 1999
A study was conducted to analyze the distribution of bird species and the timing and extent of forest loss in eastern North America. Forest losses were not concurrent across the region. Calculations predicted fewer extinctions than the number observed. ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · January 1, 1999
South Africa's National Parks Board has opted to control African elephants (Loxodonta africana) through culling in the Kruger National Park (KNP). Killing elephants is highly controversial. The Board must balance this controversy against the probable destr ...
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Journal articleExxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report · 1999
A better understanding of the whole Prince William Sound (PWS) food web and its dynamics was achieved by constructing a balanced trophic model using the Ecopath approach. The PWS model was a cohesive synthesis of the overall biotic community with a focus o ...
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Journal articleJournal of Animal Ecology · September 1, 1998
1. We calculate the yearly numbers of bird species immigrating to-and becoming extinct on-13 small islands of the British Isles, using a long and relatively complete data record. 2. We estimate the size of the colonist pool for each island using four metho ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · January 1, 1998
The Cape Sable seaside-sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) has disappeared from its only known breeding areas episodically since its discovery early this century. Systematic surveys across its range in the southern Everglades find the sparrow's range ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · January 1, 1998
The elephant population in Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, is growing rapidly. To prevent damage to the Park's ecosystems, the management has culled about 7% of the population annually. Such culls are very controversial. At first glance, co ...
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Journal articleAnimal Conservation · January 1, 1998
The legally endangered Cape Sable seaside-sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is restricted to short-hydroperiod, marl prairies within Florida's Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve. Marl prairies are typified by dense, mixed sta ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · July 1997
Tropical rainforests exhibit an extraordinarily high level of biological diversity. A new study shows that the patterns of seedling survival surrounding parent trees are responsible in large part for this amazing diversity. ...
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Journal articleOikos · January 1, 1997
Ecological communities do not spring into existence overnight, but develop during the process we call assembly. As in other complex systems, random assemblies may generate surprising patterns. In previous models, sequential invasion and extinction moved su ...
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Journal articleNature · January 1, 1997
Economists and ecologists have joined forces to estimate the annual value of the services that Earth's ecosystems provide. Most services lie outside the market and are hard to calculate, yet minimum estimates equal or exceed global gross national product. ...
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Journal articleOikos · January 1, 1996
The abundance of a species through time and across space, and the variability of that abundance, determines the species' persistence within its geographic range. We investigated the relationship between abundance and variability of nine species of grasslan ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · January 1996
An important new study shows that, in a food web, the strengths and arrangement of the interactions between species are determining factors of stability of the system. ...
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Journal articleOikos · January 1, 1996
Previous numerical studies of community assembly have found (1) that invasion resistance increases with time, and (2) that different assembly sequences typically result in different community endpoints. The algorithm used in these studies involved sequenti ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · September 1995
Claims that there will be a massive loss of species as tropical forests are cleared are based on the relationship between habitat area and the number of species. Few studies calibrate extinction with habitat reduction. Critics raise doubts about this calib ...
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Journal articleEvolutionary Ecology · July 1, 1995
Much ecology considers only the typical size of a population, yet extreme values may be of particular importance. Unusually low numbers may doom a population to extinction and unusually high numbers may pose an economic threat. Extreme values may also dete ...
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Journal articleScience (New York, N.Y.) · July 1995
Recent extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times their pre-human levels in well-known, but taxonomically diverse groups from widely different environments. If all species currently deemed "threatened" become extinct in the next century, then future extinction ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · January 1995
For some groups of species, extinction rates are orders of magnitude higher than expected background rates--many species now last nearer a fateful second than their destined hour. ...
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Journal articleCURRENT BIOLOGY · 1995
Interspecific interactions affect biodiversity, but in unpredictable ways that change over time and space. There is little evidence for the `ill wind that blows no good' to any species. So how can we manage nature? ...
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Journal articleCurrent Biology · 1995
Interspecific interactions affect biodiversity, but in unpredictable ways that change over time and space. There is little evidence for the 'ill wind that blows no good' to any species. So how can we manage nature? ...
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Journal articleThe birdwatcher's handbook: a guide to the natural history of the birds of Britain and Europe · December 1, 1994
After an introductory note on how to use the guide and pointers on observing and recording bird biology, information is provided on 516 species which regularly breed in Europe and adjacent parts of the Middle East and North Africa. For each species the fol ...
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Journal articleCurrent biology : CB · May 1994
Contrary to the view taken by some, individual species matter: they are valuable for their contribution to the stability of the ecosystems they inhabit. ...
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Journal articleBirdwatcher S Handbook A Guide to the Natural History of the Birds of Britain and Europe · January 1, 1994
After an introductory note on how to use the guide and pointers on observing and recording bird biology, information is provided on 516 species which regularly breed in Europe and adjacent parts of the Middle East and North Africa. For each species the fol ...
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Journal articlePhilosophical Transactions Royal Society of London B · January 1, 1994
The first wave of human colonists spread across the Pacific from 4000-1000 yr ago. That they caused many extinctions is well known from fossil finds. The authors estimate how many fossil bird species were missed (roughly half) and so estimate the true exti ...
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Journal articleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 1993
A major practical problem in conservation biology is to predict the survival times-"lifetimes"-for small populations under alternative proposed management regimes. Examples in the United States include the 'Alala (Hawaiian Crow; Corvus hawaiiensis) and Nor ...
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Journal articleJournal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1993
In c90% of the feeding links among the animal species with known sizes, a larger predator consumes a smaller prey. Larger predators eat prey with a wider range of body sizes than do smaller predators. The geometric mean predator size increases with the siz ...
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Journal articleCurrent Biology · 1993
A recent experimental study confirms theoretical predictions of how the response of an ecosystem to a perturbation depends on the structure of its food web. ...
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Journal articleJournal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1993
Metabolic constraints are the usual explanation for the relationship between body size and species abundance in natural assemblages of animals. In some assemblages, abundance scales with body weight to the -0.75 power. Metabolic rate scales as weight raise ...
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Journal articleJournal of Animal Ecology · January 1, 1993
Communities develop through community assembly, in which species invade, persist, or become extinct. Community assembly is a sequence of different community states. Each state is a unique combination of species' presence or absence. The community transitio ...
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Journal articleOikos · January 1, 1992
Using water-filled container analogues of natural treeholes placed in a subtropical rainforest, the source of energy in both experimental and natural systems was detrital leaves. Ten-fold and hundred-fold reductions in energy input reduced food chain lengt ...
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Journal articleNature · January 1, 1991
A food web is a map that describes which kinds of organisms in a community eat which other kinds. A web helps picture how a community is put together and how it works. Although webs were often initially reported in despair at ever understanding ecological ...
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Journal articleEvolutionary Ecology · April 1, 1990
Many models of animal populations show complex yet predictable patterns of density changes under simple and plausible assumptions. Yet one previous attempt to determine the extent and importance of complex dynamics concluded that they were likely only in s ...
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Journal articleNature · January 1, 1988
The variability of population densities over time (henceforth called population variability) is one of several meanings of ecological stability1. Here we show that estimates of the variability of population densities increase as we increase the ...
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Journal articleEcological Monographs · January 1, 1988
Examined British aphids, British moths, and Canadian Macrolepidoptera. Degree of polyphagy was negatively correlated or uncorrelated with population variability, ie highly polyphagous species have a weak tendency to be less variable than host specialists. ...
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Journal articleAmerican Naturalist · January 1, 1988
Well-known theoretical predictions are that the risk of extinction should decrease with maximum population size (K) and should increase with the temporal coefficient of variation in population size (CV). In an unvarying environment, where extinction is cau ...
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Journal articleConcepts of Ecosystem Ecology · January 1, 1988
A simple energy flow hypothesis is inadequate to explain the patterns of food chain lengths observed in nature: although the species at the end of the food chain are limited by their food supply, a good correlaiton between overall level of energy flow and ...
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Journal articleEvolutionary Ecology · April 1, 1987
To evaluate the role of competition in structuring communities, we conducted morphological analyses on the surviving species of passerine birds that were successfully introduced to the Hawaiian islands. Forty-nine species have been introduced a total of 11 ...
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Journal articleTrends in ecology & evolution · April 1987
People have moved species around the world for millenia, sometimes by accident, but often with considerable enthusiasm. English garden birds in New Zealand are merely quaint curiosities introduced by settlers wanting the familiar species of their former ho ...
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Journal articleTrends in Ecology Evolution · January 1, 1987
The extermination of the entire avian community on Guam has resulted from the introduced snake, Boiga irregularis, which first appeared in Guam in the late 1940s or early 1950s and probably arrived as a passive stowaway in a military cargo. -from Author ...
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Journal articleInsect Outbreaks · January 1, 1987
Pest outbreaks in agricultural systems do not appear to be an ecologically inevitable consequence of trophic simplicity. Populations do appear to become more resilient as the system's trophic structure becomes simpler. Insect pest outbreaks may be consider ...
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Journal articleOikos · January 1, 1987
Reviews natural variation in the food chains of phytotelmata - water-filled plant-bodies. Here the role of disturbances may be the major factor in determining their food chains. Tadpoles of a small frog actually avoid the most productive systems. Larvae of ...
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Journal articleTheoretical Population Biology · January 1, 1987
We investigated the dynamics of models of aquatic food webs using stability analysis methods previously applied to other types of food web models. Our models expanded traditional Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions in several ways. We added ...
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Journal articleCanadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · January 1, 1987
The most likely species to invade a harvested community are those most similar to the harvested species, except in their propensity to be harvested. Most communities are not resistant to removals of top predators; large changes in species composition usual ...
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Journal articleTrends in Ecology Evolution · January 1, 1986
Argues that sympatric speciation may have been responsible for most of the species - and certainly the most persistent ones - in a system, evaluating the mechanism for this (elimination of intermediate genotypes) and adducing evidence from the fossil recor ...
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Journal articleEcology · June 1985
A graphical model describing the optimal choices of two species competing for resources in two types of habitats is tested with hummingbirds in the field. In this model, both species prefer taking resources from one of the habitat types. However, o ...
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Journal articleJournal of theoretical biology · February 1985
We investigate the relationship between variation in reproductive potential among members of a family and genetic relatedness to determine which combinations favor natural selection for helping behavior. Conditions favoring helping are derived for the help ...
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Journal articleNature · December 1, 1984
Early studies suggested that simple ecosystems were less stable than complex ones, but later studies came to the opposite conclusion. Confusion arose because of the many different meanings of 'complexity' and 'stability'. Most of the possible questions abo ...
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Journal articleMathematical Biosciences · January 1, 1983
The ecological assembly of food web is considered as a process of predator colonizations and extinctions. The results of computer simulations using predator-prey equations allow us to identify three types of food web stability and examine how they may chan ...
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Journal articleAmerican Naturalist · January 1, 1983
In model grazing systems, examines the relationship between complexity and the lack of change in total plant biomass (biomass stability) following removal of an herbivore. Systems with relatively few plant species are expected to be more stable than system ...
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Journal articleAmerican Naturalist · January 1, 1983
Discusses the patterns of introduction and extinction of the species of land birds (passeriforms and columbiforms) introduced to the Hawaiian Islands over the last century. Data are consistent with the idea that rising extinction rates will eventually matc ...
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Journal articleEcology · January 1, 1982
Rosenzweig's models predict 3 occasions where resource scarcity will be accompanied by specialization: 1) In the shared-preference case, the dominant may be unable to exploit the poorer patch. If it can, it is likely to drive the subordinate to extinction, ...
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Journal articleEcology · April 1980
On the assumption that systems of interacting species, when perturbed from equilibrium, should return to equilibrium quickly, one can predict four properties of foods web; (1) food chains should be short, (2) species feeding on more then one trophi ...
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Journal articleBiological Journal of the Linnean Society · January 1, 1979
A model of mating and population growth dependent on competition that suggests circumstances under which sympatric speciation might occur is described. The model is similar to one in a companion paper by Rosenzweig in that a heterozygote genotype, involvin ...
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Journal articleNature · December 1, 1978
IN trying to understand the structure of ecological communities, ecologists usually pay particular attention to the interactions between pairs, or small groups of species1. Questions about the 'shape' of the food webs within which these species ...
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Journal articleIntegrative and Comparative Biology · September 1, 1978
This paper considers the effects of different levels of resource predictability on niche widths, competition and diversity in a community of three hummingbird species. Three pairs of hypotheses are tested: whether decreasing predictability (a) increases or ...
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Journal articleNature · December 1, 1977
ECOLOGICAL food chains are typically short, consisting of not more than four or five trophic levels. This is usually explained by a reduction in the energy which is available to successive links in the food chain1,2. In contrast, we believe that ...
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