Scholars@Duke
Thomas Douglas Petes

Thomas Douglas Petes

Minnie Geller Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Research in Genetics, in the School of Medicine
Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
tom.petes@duke.edu
Duke Box 3054, Durham, NC 27710
366 CARL Bldg., Box 3054 Med. Ctr., Durham, NC 27710

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Loss of Pol32, a subunit of DNA polymerases δ and ζ, leads to different patterns of genome stability than direct impairment of these individual polymerases.

Journal article mBio · May 13, 2026 Pol32 is a subunit shared by DNA polymerases δ and ζ, yet its role in maintaining genome integrity remains incompletely defined. Here, we employed whole-genome sequencing of mutation-accumulation lines to systematically characterize the genome-wide effects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitotic recombination events and single-base mutations induced by ultraviolet light in G1-arrested yeast cells.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 21, 2025 Ultraviolet light (UV) is a potent inducer of both single-base mutations and mitotic recombination. Although these genomic alterations are often attributed to the action of error-prone DNA polymerases on UV-induced DNA lesions during replicative DNA synthe ... Full text Link to item Cite

A tale of two serines: the effects of histone H2A mutations S122A and S129A on chromosome nondisjunction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · January 8, 2025 Near the C-terminus of histone H2A in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are 2 serines (S122 and S129) that are targets of phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of serine 129 in response to DNA damage is dependent on the Tel1 and Mec1 kinases. In Sch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dicentric chromosomes are resolved through breakage and repair at their centromeres.

Journal article Chromosoma · April 2024 Chromosomes with two centromeres provide a unique opportunity to study chromosome breakage and DNA repair using completely endogenous cellular machinery. Using a conditional transcriptional promoter to control the second centromere, we are able to activate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Splitting the yeast centromere by recombination.

Journal article Nucleic Acids Res · January 25, 2024 Although fusions between the centromeres of different human chromosomes have been observed cytologically in cancer cells, since the centromeres are long arrays of satellite sequences, the details of these fusions have been difficult to investigate. We deve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Shuffling the yeast genome using CRISPR/Cas9-generated DSBs that target the transposable Ty1 elements.

Journal article PLoS Genet · January 2023 Although homologous recombination between transposable elements can drive genomic evolution in yeast by facilitating chromosomal rearrangements, the details of the underlying mechanisms are not fully clarified. In the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cere ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ribodysgenesis: sudden genome instability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae arising from RNase H2 cleavage at genomic-embedded ribonucleotides.

Journal article Nucleic Acids Res · July 8, 2022 Ribonucleotides can be incorporated into DNA during replication by the replicative DNA polymerases. These aberrant DNA subunits are efficiently recognized and removed by Ribonucleotide Excision Repair, which is initiated by the heterotrimeric enzyme RNase ... Full text Link to item Cite

Global genomic instability caused by reduced expression of DNA polymerase ε in yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 22, 2022 SignificanceAlthough most studies of the genetic regulation of genome stability involve an analysis of mutations within the coding sequences of genes required for DNA replication or DNA repair, recent studies in yeast show that reduced levels of wild-type ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitotic recombination in yeast: what we know and what we don't know.

Journal article Curr Opin Genet Dev · December 2021 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is at the forefront of defining the major recombination mechanisms/models that repair targeted double-strand breaks during mitosis. Each of these models predicts specific molecular intermediates as well as genetic outcomes. Recent ... Full text Link to item Cite

The fidelity of DNA replication, particularly on GC-rich templates, is reduced by defects of the Fe-S cluster in DNA polymerase δ.

Journal article Nucleic Acids Res · June 4, 2021 Iron-sulfur clusters (4Fe-4S) exist in many enzymes concerned with DNA replication and repair. The contribution of these clusters to enzymatic activity is not fully understood. We identified the MET18 (MMS19) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a strong mu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide mapping of spontaneous genetic alterations in diploid yeast cells.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · November 10, 2020 Genomic alterations including single-base mutations, deletions and duplications, translocations, mitotic recombination events, and chromosome aneuploidy generate genetic diversity. We examined the rates of all of these genetic changes in a diploid strain o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of APOBEC-induced mutations in yeast strains with low levels of replicative DNA polymerases.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 28, 2020 Yeast strains with low levels of the replicative DNA polymerases (alpha, delta, and epsilon) have high levels of chromosome deletions, duplications, and translocations. By examining the patterns of mutations induced in strains with low levels of DNA polyme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytological and genetic consequences for the progeny of a mitotic catastrophe provoked by Topoisomerase II deficiency.

Journal article Aging (Albany NY) · December 8, 2019 Topoisomerase II (Top2) removes topological linkages between replicated chromosomes. Top2 inhibition leads to mitotic catastrophe (MC) when cells unsuccessfully try to split their genetic material between the two daughter cells. Herein, we have characteriz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide analysis of genomic alterations induced by oxidative DNA damage in yeast.

Journal article Nucleic Acids Res · April 23, 2019 Oxidative DNA damage is a threat to genome stability. Using a genetic system in yeast that allows detection of mitotic recombination, we found that the frequency of crossovers is greatly elevated when cells are treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using ... Full text Link to item Cite

Guidelines for DNA recombination and repair studies: Cellular assays of DNA repair pathways.

Journal article Microb Cell · January 7, 2019 Understanding the plasticity of genomes has been greatly aided by assays for recombination, repair and mutagenesis. These assays have been developed in microbial systems that provide the advantages of genetic and molecular reporters that can readily be man ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Genome Instability Induced by Low Levels of Replicative DNA Polymerases in Yeast.

Journal article Genes (Basel) · November 7, 2018 Most cells of solid tumors have very high levels of genome instability of several different types, including deletions, duplications, translocations, and aneuploidy. Much of this instability appears induced by DNA replication stress. As a model for underst ... Full text Link to item Cite

GC content elevates mutation and recombination rates in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · July 24, 2018 The chromosomes of many eukaryotes have regions of high GC content interspersed with regions of low GC content. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, high-GC regions are often associated with high levels of meiotic recombination. In this study, we constru ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic Control of Genomic Alterations Induced in Yeast by Interstitial Telomeric Sequences.

Journal article Genetics · June 2018 In many organisms, telomeric sequences can be located internally on the chromosome in addition to their usual positions at the ends of the chromosome. In humans, such interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) are nonrandomly associated with translocation bre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of Temperature on the Meiotic Recombination Landscape of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article mBio · December 19, 2017 Although meiosis in warm-blooded organisms takes place in a narrow temperature range, meiosis in many organisms occurs over a wide variety of temperatures. We analyzed the properties of meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cells sporulated at 1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nanopore sequencing of complex genomic rearrangements in yeast reveals mechanisms of repeat-mediated double-strand break repair.

Journal article Genome research · December 2017 Improper DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair results in complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) in many cancers and various congenital disorders in humans. Trinucleotide repeat sequences, such as (GAA)n repeats in Friedreich's ataxia, (CTG)n ... Full text Cite

High-resolution mapping of heteroduplex DNA formed during UV-induced and spontaneous mitotic recombination events in yeast.

Journal article Elife · July 17, 2017 In yeast, DNA breaks are usually repaired by homologous recombination (HR). An early step for HR pathways is formation of a heteroduplex, in which a single-strand from the broken DNA molecule pairs with a strand derived from an intact DNA molecule. If the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Properties of Mitotic and Meiotic Recombination in the Tandemly-Repeated CUP1 Gene Cluster in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · June 2017 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the genes encoding the metallothionein protein Cup1 are located in a tandem array on chromosome VIII. Using a diploid strain that is heterozygous for an insertion of a selectable marker (URA3) within this tandem array ... Full text Link to item Cite

Global analysis of genomic instability caused by DNA replication stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · December 13, 2016 DNA replication stress (DRS)-induced genomic instability is an important factor driving cancer development. To understand the mechanisms of DRS-associated genomic instability, we measured the rates of genomic alterations throughout the genome in a yeast st ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-Resolution Mapping of Homologous Recombination Events in rad3 Hyper-Recombination Mutants in Yeast.

Journal article PLoS Genet · March 2016 The Saccharomyces cerevisae RAD3 gene is the homolog of human XPD, an essential gene encoding a DNA helicase of the TFIIH complex involved in both nucleotide excision repair (NER) and transcription. Some mutant alleles of RAD3 (rad3-101 and rad3-102) have ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mre11-Sae2 and RPA Collaborate to Prevent Palindromic Gene Amplification.

Journal article Mol Cell · November 5, 2015 Foldback priming at DNA double-stranded breaks is one mechanism proposed to initiate palindromic gene amplification, a common feature of cancer cells. Here, we show that small (5-9 bp) inverted repeats drive the formation of large palindromic duplications, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Elevated Genome-Wide Instability in Yeast Mutants Lacking RNase H Activity.

Journal article Genetics · November 2015 Two types of RNA:DNA associations can lead to genome instability: the formation of R-loops during transcription and the incorporation of ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) into DNA during replication. Both ribonuclease (RNase) H1 and RNase H2 degrade th ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Transient Inactivation of the Master Cell Cycle Phosphatase Cdc14 Causes Genomic Instability in Diploid Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · July 2015 Genomic instability is a common feature found in cancer cells . Accordingly, many tumor suppressor genes identified in familiar cancer syndromes are involved in the maintenance of the stability of the genome during every cell division and are commonly refe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-destabilizing effects associated with top1 loss or accumulation of top1 cleavage complexes in yeast.

Journal article PLoS Genet · April 2015 Topoisomerase 1 (Top1), a Type IB topoisomerase, functions to relieve transcription- and replication-associated torsional stress in DNA. We investigated the effects of Top1 on genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using two different assays. First, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recombination between homologous chromosomes induced by unrepaired UV-generated DNA damage requires Mus81p and is suppressed by Mms2p.

Journal article PLoS Genet · March 2015 DNA lesions caused by UV radiation are highly recombinogenic. In wild-type cells, the recombinogenic effect of UV partially reflects the processing of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers into DNA gaps or breaks by the enzymes of the nucleotide excision repair (NE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chromosome rearrangements via template switching between diverged repeated sequences.

Journal article Genes Dev · November 1, 2014 Recent high-resolution genome analyses of cancer and other diseases have revealed the occurrence of microhomology-mediated chromosome rearrangements and copy number changes. Although some of these rearrangements appear to involve nonhomologous end-joining, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structures of naturally evolved CUP1 tandem arrays in yeast indicate that these arrays are generated by unequal nonhomologous recombination.

Journal article G3 (Bethesda) · September 17, 2014 An important issue in genome evolution is the mechanism by which tandem duplications are generated from single-copy genes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most strains contain tandemly duplicated copies of CUP1, a gene that encodes a copper-binding ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-resolution mapping of two types of spontaneous mitotic gene conversion events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · September 2014 Gene conversions and crossovers are related products of the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination. Most previous studies of mitotic gene conversion events have been restricted to measuring conversion tracts that are <5 kb. Using ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of Exo1p exonuclease in DNA end resection to generate gene conversion tracts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · August 2014 The yeast Exo1p nuclease functions in multiple cellular roles: resection of DNA ends generated during recombination, telomere stability, DNA mismatch repair, and expansion of gaps formed during the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. In this study, we perform ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide high-resolution mapping of chromosome fragile sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · May 27, 2014 In mammalian cells, perturbations in DNA replication result in chromosome breaks in regions termed "fragile sites." Using DNA microarrays, we mapped recombination events and chromosome rearrangements induced by reduced levels of the replicative DNA polymer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome rearrangements caused by interstitial telomeric sequences in yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · December 3, 2013 Interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) are present in many eukaryotic genomes and are linked to genome instabilities and disease in humans. The mechanisms responsible for ITS-mediated genome instability are not understood in molecular detail. Here, we use ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide high-resolution mapping of UV-induced mitotic recombination events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article PLoS Genet · October 2013 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and most other eukaryotes, mitotic recombination is important for the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes can result in loss of heterozygosity (LOH). In thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonrandom distribution of interhomolog recombination events induced by breakage of a dicentric chromosome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · May 2013 Dicentric chromosomes undergo breakage in mitosis, resulting in chromosome deletions, duplications, and translocations. In this study, we map chromosome break sites of dicentrics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a mitotic recombination assay. The assay uses ... Full text Link to item Cite

The 2013 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal: Thomas Douglas Petes.

Journal article Genetics · May 2013 The Genetics Society of America annually honors members who have made outstanding contributions to genetics. The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal recognizes a lifetime contribution to the science of genetics. The Genetics Society of America Medal recognizes partic ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-resolution mapping of spontaneous mitotic recombination hotspots on the 1.1 Mb arm of yeast chromosome IV.

Journal article PLoS Genet · April 2013 Although homologous recombination is an important pathway for the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks in mitotically dividing eukaryotic cells, these events can also have negative consequences, such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of deleterious mutations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene copy-number variation in haploid and diploid strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · March 2013 The increasing ability to sequence and compare multiple individual genomes within a species has highlighted the fact that copy-number variation (CNV) is a substantial and underappreciated source of genetic diversity. Chromosome-scale mutations occur at rat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic deletions and point mutations induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the trinucleotide repeats (GAA·TTC) associated with Friedreich's ataxia.

Journal article DNA Repair (Amst) · January 1, 2013 Expansion of certain trinucleotide repeats causes several types of human diseases, and such tracts are associated with the formation of deletions and other types of genetic rearrangements in Escherichia coli, yeast, and mammalian cells. Below, we show that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reciprocal uniparental disomy in yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 19, 2012 In the diploid cells of most organisms, including humans, each chromosome is usually distinguishable from its partner homolog by multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms. One common type of genetic alteration observed in tumor cells is uniparental disomy ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Haploidization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by a deficiency in homologous recombination.

Journal article Genetics · May 2012 Diploid Saccharomyes cerevisae strains lacking the RAD52 gene required for homologous recombination have a very high rate of chromosome loss. Two of four isolates subcultured ∼20 times (∼500 cell divisions) became haploid. These strains were capable of mat ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-resolution genome-wide analysis of irradiated (UV and γ-rays) diploid yeast cells reveals a high frequency of genomic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events.

Journal article Genetics · April 2012 In diploid eukaryotes, repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination often leads to loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Most previous studies of mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have focused on a single chromosome or a single ... Full text Link to item Cite

Friedreich's ataxia (GAA)n•(TTC)n repeats strongly stimulate mitotic crossovers in Saccharomyces cerevisae.

Journal article PLoS Genet · January 13, 2011 Expansions of trinucleotide GAA•TTC tracts are associated with the human disease Friedreich's ataxia, and long GAA•TTC tracts elevate genome instability in yeast. We show that tracts of (GAA)(230)•(TTC)(230) stimulate mitotic crossovers in yeast about 10,0 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiotic chromosome segregation in triploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · October 2010 Meiosis in triploids results in four highly aneuploid gametes because six copies of each homolog must be segregated into four meiotic products. Using DNA microarrays and other physical approaches, we examined meiotic chromosome segregation in triploid stra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chromosome rearrangements and aneuploidy in yeast strains lacking both Tel1p and Mec1p reflect deficiencies in two different mechanisms.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 22, 2010 The human ATM and ATR proteins participate in the DNA damage and DNA replication checkpoint pathways and are critical to maintaining genome stability. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologs of ATM and ATR are Tel1p and Mec1p, respectively. Haploid tel1 mec1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

From the Cover: mitotic gene conversion events induced in G1-synchronized yeast cells by gamma rays are similar to spontaneous conversion events.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 20, 2010 In a previous study, we mapped spontaneous mitotic reciprocal crossovers (RCOs) in a 120-kb interval of chromosome V of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. About three-quarters of the crossovers were associated with gene conversion tracts. About 40% of these convers ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome structure of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain widely used in bioethanol production.

Journal article Genome Res · December 2009 Bioethanol is a biofuel produced mainly from the fermentation of carbohydrates derived from agricultural feedstocks by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of the most widely adopted strains is PE-2, a heterothallic diploid naturally adapted to the suga ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chromosome aberrations resulting from double-strand DNA breaks at a naturally occurring yeast fragile site composed of inverted ty elements are independent of Mre11p and Sae2p.

Journal article Genetics · October 2009 Genetic instability at palindromes and spaced inverted repeats (IRs) leads to chromosome rearrangements. Perfect palindromes and IRs with short spacers can extrude as cruciforms or fold into hairpins on the lagging strand during replication. Cruciform reso ... Full text Link to item Cite

A fine-structure map of spontaneous mitotic crossovers in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article PLoS Genet · March 2009 Homologous recombination is an important mechanism for the repair of DNA damage in mitotically dividing cells. Mitotic crossovers between homologues with heterozygous alleles can produce two homozygous daughter cells (loss of heterozygosity), whereas cross ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chromosome fragility at GAA tracts in yeast depends on repeat orientation and requires mismatch repair.

Journal article EMBO J · November 5, 2008 Expansion of triplex-forming GAA/TTC repeats in the first intron of FXN gene results in Friedreich's ataxia. Besides FXN, there are a number of other polymorphic GAA/TTC loci in the human genome where the size variations thus far have been considered to be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic oxidative DNA damage due to DNA repair defects causes chromosomal instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · September 2008 Oxidative DNA damage is likely to be involved in the etiology of cancer and is thought to accelerate tumorigenesis via increased mutation rates. However, the majority of malignant cells acquire a specific type of genomic instability characterized by large- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced levels of DNA polymerase delta induce chromosome fragile site instability in yeast.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · September 2008 Specific regions of genomes (fragile sites) are hot spots for the chromosome rearrangements that are associated with many types of cancer cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the stability of chromosome fragile sites, therefore, has imp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Double-strand breaks associated with repetitive DNA can reshape the genome.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 19, 2008 Ionizing radiation is an established source of chromosome aberrations (CAs). Although double-strand breaks (DSBs) are implicated in radiation-induced and other CAs, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that, although the vast majo ... Full text Link to item Cite

The histone methylase Set2p and the histone deacetylase Rpd3p repress meiotic recombination at the HIS4 meiotic recombination hotspot in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article DNA Repair (Amst) · August 2, 2008 The rate of meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae varies widely in different regions of the genome with some genes having very high levels of recombination (hotspots). A variety of experiments done in yeast suggest that hotspots are a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low levels of DNA polymerase alpha induce mitotic and meiotic instability in the ribosomal DNA gene cluster of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article PLoS Genet · June 27, 2008 The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are located in a tandem array of about 150 repeats. Using a diploid with markers flanking and within the rDNA array, we showed that low levels of DNA polymerase alpha elevate recombination between ... Full text Link to item Cite

High rates of "unselected" aneuploidy and chromosome rearrangements in tel1 mec1 haploid yeast strains.

Journal article Genetics · May 2008 The yeast TEL1 and MEC1 genes (homologous to the mammalian ATM and ATR genes, respectively) serve partially redundant roles in the detection of DNA damage and in the regulation of telomere length. Haploid yeast tel1 mec1 strains were subcultured nonselecti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen interactions in the mismatch repair-dependent processing of mitotic and meiotic recombination intermediates in yeast.

Journal article Genetics · March 2008 The mismatch repair (MMR) system is critical not only for the repair of DNA replication errors, but also for the regulation of mitotic and meiotic recombination processes. In a manner analogous to its ability to remove replication errors, the MMR system ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ninety-six haploid yeast strains with individual disruptions of open reading frames between YOR097C and YOR192C, constructed for the Saccharomyces genome deletion project, have an additional mutation in the mismatch repair gene MSH3.

Journal article Genetics · November 2007 As part of the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project, sets of presumably isogenic haploid and diploid strains that differed only by single gene deletions were constructed. We found that one set of 96 strains (containing deletions of ORFs located between YO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inverted DNA repeats channel repair of distant double-strand breaks into chromatid fusions and chromosomal rearrangements.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · April 2007 Inverted DNA repeats are known to cause genomic instabilities. Here we demonstrate that double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) introduced a large distance from inverted repeats in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) chromosome lead to a burst of genomic instabil ... Full text Link to item Cite

Loss of a histone deacetylase dramatically alters the genomic distribution of Spo11p-catalyzed DNA breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 6, 2007 In eukaryotes, meiotic recombination events are distributed nonrandomly in the genome, with certain regions having high levels of recombination (hotspots) and others having low levels (coldspots). Species with similar DNA sequences (for example, chimpanzee ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recombination between retrotransposons as a source of chromosome rearrangements in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article DNA Repair (Amst) · September 8, 2006 Homologous recombination between dispersed repeated genetic elements is an important source of genetic variation. In this review, we discuss chromosome rearrangements that are a consequence of homologous recombination between transposable elements in the y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Selection and analysis of spontaneous reciprocal mitotic cross-overs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 22, 2006 We developed a system that allows the selection of the reciprocal products resulting from spontaneous mitotic cross-overs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A number of other types of genetic events, including chromosome loss, can be monitored with thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of the proteins involved in the in vivo repair of base-base mismatches and four-base loops formed during meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · July 2006 DNA mismatches are generated when heteroduplexes formed during recombination involve DNA strands that are not completely complementary. We used tetrad analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to examine the meiotic repair of a base-base mismatch and a four-bas ... Full text Link to item Cite

The pattern of gene amplification is determined by the chromosomal location of hairpin-capped breaks.

Journal article Cell · June 30, 2006 DNA palindromes often colocalize in cancer cells with chromosomal regions that are predisposed to gene amplification. The molecular mechanisms by which palindromes can cause gene amplification are largely unknown. Using yeast as a model system, we found th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Global analysis of the relationship between the binding of the Bas1p transcription factor and meiosis-specific double-strand DNA breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · February 2006 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, certain genomic regions have very high levels of meiotic recombination (hot spots). The hot spot activity associated with the HIS4 gene requires the Bas1p transcription factor. To determine whether this relationship b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variation in efficiency of DNA mismatch repair at different sites in the yeast genome.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · June 14, 2005 Evolutionary studies have suggested that mutation rates vary significantly at different positions in the eukaryotic genome. The mechanism that is responsible for this context-dependence of mutation rates is not understood. We demonstrate experimentally tha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chromosomal translocations in yeast induced by low levels of DNA polymerase a model for chromosome fragile sites.

Journal article Cell · March 11, 2005 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reduced levels of the replicative alpha DNA polymerase result in greatly elevated frequencies of chromosome translocations and chromosome loss. We selected translocations in a small region of chromosome III and found ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inositol diphosphate signaling regulates telomere length.

Journal article J Biol Chem · February 11, 2005 Activation of phospholipase C-dependent inositol polyphosphate signaling pathways generates distinct messengers derived from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate that control gene expression and mRNA export. Here we report the regulation of telomere length by prod ... Full text Link to item Cite

The compact chromatin structure of a Ty repeated sequence suppresses recombination hotspot activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell · July 23, 2004 Recombination between repeated DNA sequences can have drastic consequences on the integrity of the genome. Repeated sequences are abundant in most eukaryotes, yet the mechanism that prevents recombination between them is currently unknown. Ty elements, the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amino acid changes in Xrs2p, Dun1p, and Rfa2p that remove the preferred targets of the ATM family of protein kinases do not affect DNA repair or telomere length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article DNA Repair (Amst) · September 18, 2003 In eukaryotes, mutations in a number of genes that affect DNA damage checkpoints or DNA replication also affect telomere length [Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13 (2001) 281]. Saccharomyces cerevisae strains with mutations in the TEL1 gene (encoding an ATM-like pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic regulation of telomere-telomere fusions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · September 16, 2003 Yeast strains with mutations in both TEL1 and MEC1 have short telomeres and elevated rates of chromosome deletions. By using a PCR assay, we demonstrate that mec1 tel1 strains also have telomere-telomere fusions (T-TFs). T-TFs require Lig4p (a ligase requi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patterns of heteroduplex formation associated with the initiation of meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · September 2003 The double-strand break repair (DSBR) model of recombination predicts that heteroduplexes will be formed in regions that flank the double-strand break (DSB) site and that the resulting intermediate is resolved to generate either crossovers or noncrossovers ... Full text Link to item Cite

Context dependence of meiotic recombination hotspots in yeast: the relationship between recombination activity of a reporter construct and base composition.

Journal article Genetics · December 2002 Borde and colleagues reported that a reporter plasmid inserted at different genomic locations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae had different levels of meiotic recombination activity. We show that the level of recombination activity is very significantly correla ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alleles of the yeast Pms1 mismatch-repair gene that differentially affect recombination- and replication-related processes.

Journal article Genetics · November 2002 Mismatch-repair (MMR) systems promote eukaryotic genome stability by removing errors introduced during DNA replication and by inhibiting recombination between nonidentical sequences (spellchecker and antirecombination activities, respectively). Following a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of genome stability by TEL1 and MEC1, yeast homologs of the mammalian ATM and ATR genes.

Journal article Genetics · June 2002 In eukaryotes, a family of related protein kinases (the ATM family) is involved in regulating cellular responses to DNA damage and telomere length. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two members of this family, TEL1 and MEC1, have functionally redundan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Caenorhabditis elegans DNA mismatch repair gene msh-2 is required for microsatellite stability and maintenance of genome integrity.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · February 19, 2002 Mismatch repair genes are important in maintaining the fidelity of DNA replication. To determine the function of the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of the MSH2 mismatch repair gene (msh-2), we isolated a strain of C. elegans with an insertion of the tran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation and characterization of point mutations in mismatch repair genes that destabilize microsatellites in yeast.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · December 2001 The stability of simple repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites) is a sensitive indicator of the ability of a cell to repair DNA mismatches. In a genetic screen for yeast mutants with elevated microsatellite instability, we identified strains containing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiotic recombination involving heterozygous large insertions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: formation and repair of large, unpaired DNA loops.

Journal article Genetics · August 2001 Meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the formation of heteroduplexes, duplexes containing DNA strands derived from two different homologues. If the two strands of DNA differ by an insertion or deletion, the heteroduplex will contain a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiotic recombination hot spots and cold spots.

Journal article Nat Rev Genet · May 2001 Meiotic recombination events are distributed unevenly throughout eukaryotic genomes. This inhomogeneity leads to distortions of genetic maps that can hinder the ability of geneticists to identify genes by map-based techniques. Various lines of evidence, pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressor of choline sensitivity (SCS2) gene is a multicopy Suppressor of mec1 telomeric silencing defects.

Journal article Genetics · May 2001 Mec1p is a cell cycle checkpoint protein related to the ATM protein kinase family. Certain mec1 mutations or overexpression of Mec1p lead to shortened telomeres and loss of telomeric silencing. We conducted a multicopy suppressor screen for genes that supp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of a mutant DNA polymerase delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an antimutator phenotype for frameshift mutations.

Journal article Genetics · May 2001 We propose that a beta-turn-beta structure, which plays a critical role in exonucleolytic proofreading in the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase, is also present in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA pol delta. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to test this pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protein kinase activity of Tel1p and Mec1p, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins related to the human ATM protein kinase.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · December 5, 2000 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins Tel1p and Mec1p are involved in telomere length regulation and cellular responses to DNA damage. The closest relative of these proteins is the human Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein, a wortmannin-sensitive p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreased meiotic intergenic recombination and increased meiosis I nondisjunction in exo1 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · December 2000 Exonuclease I was originally identified as a 5' --> 3' deoxyribonuclease present in fractionated extracts of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetic analysis of exo1 mutants of both yeasts revealed no major defect in meiosis, sugges ... Full text Link to item Cite

Global mapping of meiotic recombination hotspots and coldspots in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 10, 2000 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, meiotic recombination is initiated by double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Meiotic DSBs occur at relatively high frequencies in some genomic regions (hotspots) and relatively low frequencies in others (coldspots). We used ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased rates of genomic deletions generated by mutations in the yeast gene encoding DNA polymerase delta or by decreases in the cellular levels of DNA polymerase delta.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · October 2000 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, POL3 encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. While yeast POL3 mutant strains that lack the proofreading exonuclease activity of the polymerase have a strong mutator phenotype, little is known regarding the role o ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Mre11p/Rad50p/Xrs2p complex and the Tel1p function in a single pathway for telomere maintenance in yeast.

Journal article Genetics · May 2000 The Mre11p/Rad50p/Xrs2p complex is involved in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks, nonhomologous end joining, and telomere length regulation. TEL1 is primarily involved in telomere length regulation. By an epistasis analysis, we conclude that Tel1p and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Involvement of the checkpoint protein Mec1p in silencing of gene expression at telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · April 2000 Yeast strains with a mutation in the MEC1 gene are deficient in the cellular checkpoint response to DNA-damaging agents and have short telomeres (K. B. Ritchie, J. C. Mallory, and T. D. Petes, Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:6065-6075, 1999; T. A. Weinert, G. L. Kiser ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of microsatellite mutations in the mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · January 4, 2000 In the nuclear genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, simple, repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites) mutate at rates much higher than nonrepetitive sequences. Most of these mutations are deletions or additions of repeat units. The yeast mitochondrial geno ... Full text Link to item Cite

Control of meiotic recombination and gene expression in yeast by a simple repetitive DNA sequence that excludes nucleosomes.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · November 1999 Tandem repeats of the pentanucleotide 5'-CCGNN (where N indicates any base) were previously shown to exclude nucleosomes in vitro (Y. -H. Wang and J. D. Griffith, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:8863-8867, 1996). To determine the in vivo effects of these seq ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interactions of TLC1 (which encodes the RNA subunit of telomerase), TEL1, and MEC1 in regulating telomere length in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · September 1999 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chromosomes terminate with a repetitive sequence [poly(TG(1-3))] 350 to 500 bp in length. Strains with a mutation of TEL1, a homolog of the human gene (ATM) mutated in patients with ataxia telangiectasia, have short b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dependence of the regulation of telomere length on the type of subtelomeric repeat in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · August 1999 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chromosomes terminate with approximately 400 bp of a simple repeat poly(TG(1-3)). Based on the arrangement of subtelomeric X and Y' repeats, two types of yeast telomeres exist, those with both X and Y' (Y' telomeres) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maximal stimulation of meiotic recombination by a yeast transcription factor requires the transcription activation domain and a DNA-binding domain.

Journal article Genetics · May 1999 The DNA sequences located upstream of the yeast HIS4 represent a very strong meiotic recombination hotspot. Although the activity of this hotspot requires the transcription activator Rap1p, the level of HIS4 transcription is not directly related to the lev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Triplet repeats form secondary structures that escape DNA repair in yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · February 16, 1999 Several human neurodegenerative diseases result from expansion of CTG/CAG or CGG/CCG triplet repeats. The finding that single-stranded CNG repeats form hairpin-like structures in vitro has led to the hypothesis that DNA secondary structure formation is an ... Full text Link to item Cite

A mutation of the yeast gene encoding PCNA destabilizes both microsatellite and minisatellite DNA sequences.

Journal article Genetics · February 1999 The POL30 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a protein required for processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon. We examined the effects of the pol30-52 mutation on the stabili ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conversion-type and restoration-type repair of DNA mismatches formed during meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · August 1998 Meiotic recombination in yeast is associated with heteroduplex formation. Heteroduplexes formed between nonidentical DNA strands contain DNA mismatches, and most DNA mismatches in wild-type strains are efficiently corrected. Although some patterns of misma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Destabilization of yeast micro- and minisatellite DNA sequences by mutations affecting a nuclease involved in Okazaki fragment processing (rad27) and DNA polymerase delta (pol3-t).

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · May 1998 We examined the effects of mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD27 (encoding a nuclease involved in the processing of Okazaki fragments) and POL3 (encoding DNA polymerase delta) genes on the stability of a minisatellite sequence (20-bp repeats) and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microsatellite instability in yeast: dependence on the length of the microsatellite.

Journal article Genetics · July 1997 One of the most common microsatellites in eukaryotes consists of tandem arrays [usually 15-50 base pairs (bp) in length] of the dinucleotide GT. We examined the rates of instability for poly GT tracts of 15, 33, 51, 99 and 105 bp in wild-type and mismatch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repair of DNA loops involves DNA-mismatch and nucleotide-excision repair proteins.

Journal article Nature · June 26, 1997 A number of enzymes recognize and repair DNA lesions. The DNA-mismatch repair system corrects base-base mismatches and small loops, whereas the nucleotide-excision repair system removes pyrimidine dimers and other helix-distorting lesions. DNA molecules wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stabilization of microsatellite sequences by variant repeats in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · June 1997 We examined the effect of a single variant repeat on the stability of a 51-base pair (bp) microsatellite (poly GT). We found that the insertion stabilizes the microsatellite about fivefold in wild-type strains. The stabilizing effect of the variant base wa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microsatellite instability in yeast: dependence on repeat unit size and DNA mismatch repair genes.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · May 1997 We examined the stability of microsatellites of different repeat unit lengths in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains deficient in DNA mismatch repair. The msh2 and msh3 mutations destabilized microsatellites with repeat units of 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8 bp; a poly(G ... Full text Link to item Cite

Competition between adjacent meiotic recombination hotspots in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · March 1997 In a wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a hotspot for meiotic recombination is located upstream of the HIS4 gene. An insertion of a 49-bp telomeric sequence into the coding region of HIS4 strongly stimulates meiotic recombination and the local f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic control of microsatellite stability.

Journal article Mutat Res · January 31, 1997 Full text Link to item Cite

Fine-structure mapping of meiosis-specific double-strand DNA breaks at a recombination hotspot associated with an insertion of telomeric sequences upstream of the HIS4 locus in yeast.

Journal article Genetics · July 1996 Meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Using two approaches, we mapped the position of DSBs associated with a recombination hotspot created by insertion of telomeric sequences into the region upst ... Full text Link to item Cite

Destabilization of simple repetitive DNA sequences by transcription in yeast.

Journal article Genetics · June 1996 Simple repetitive DNA sequences in the eukaryotic genome frequently alter in length. In wild-type strains, we find that transcription through a repetitive poly GT tract destabilizes the tract four- to ninefold. In mismatch repair-deficient yeast strains, s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship between nuclease-hypersensitive sites and meiotic recombination hot spot activity at the HIS4 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · May 1996 Meiotic double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), the lesions that initiate meiotic recombination at the HIS4 recombination hot spot, occur in a region upstream of the coding sequence associated with multiple DNase I-hypersensitive sites. Mutations in transcription ... Full text Link to item Cite

The DNA-binding protein Hdf1p (a putative Ku homologue) is required for maintaining normal telomere length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Nucleic Acids Res · February 15, 1996 In mammalian cells, the Ku autoantigen is an end- binding DNA protein required for the repair of DNA breaks [Troelstra, C. and Jaspers, N.G.J. (1994) Curr. Biol., 4, 1149- 1151]. A yeast gene (HDF1) encoding a putative homologue of the 70 kDa subunit of Ku ... Full text Link to item Cite

The stabilization of repetitive tracts of DNA by variant repeats requires a functional DNA mismatch repair system.

Journal article Cell · November 17, 1995 Simple repetitive tracts of DNA are unstable in all organisms thus far examined. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, we show that a 51 bp poly(GT) tract alters length at a rate of about 10(-5) per cell division. Insertion of a single variant repeat (either AT or C ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutations in the MSH3 gene preferentially lead to deletions within tracts of simple repetitive DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · October 24, 1995 Eukaryotic genomes contain tracts of DNA in which a single base or a small number of bases are repeated (microsatellites). Mutations in the yeast DNA mismatch repair genes MSH2, PMS1, and MLH1 increase the frequency of mutations for normal DNA sequences an ... Full text Link to item Cite

TEL1, a gene involved in controlling telomere length in S. cerevisiae, is homologous to the human ataxia telangiectasia gene.

Journal article Cell · September 8, 1995 Yeast chromosomes terminate in tracts of simple repetitive DNA (poly[G1-3T]). Mutations in the gene TEL1 result in shortened telomeres. Sequence analysis of TEL1 indicates that it encodes a very large (322 kDa) protein with amino acid motifs found in phosp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiosis-specific double-strand DNA breaks at the HIS4 recombination hot spot in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: control in cis and trans.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · March 1995 The region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III located between the 5' end of the HIS4 gene and the 3' end of the adjacent BIK1 gene has a very high level of meiotic recombination. In wild-type strains, a meiosis-specific double-strand DNA break occu ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel structural form of the 2 micron plasmid of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Yeast · October 1994 DNA was isolated from cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae incubated under conditions that enriched for DNA replication intermediates. A novel form of the 2 microns plasmid was detected, in which two monomeric or dimeric circles were joined by a linear double ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of mutations in genes affecting homologous recombination on restriction enzyme-mediated and illegitimate recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · July 1994 Restriction enzyme-mediated events (REM events; integration of transforming DNA catalyzed by in vivo action of a restriction enzyme) and illegitimate recombination events (IR events; integration of transforming DNA that shares no homology with the host gen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of meiotic recombination events near a recombination hotspot in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Curr Genet · July 1994 The region of yeast chromosome III between the HIS4 and LEU2 genes has an unusually high frequency of meiotic recombination. In order to determine the pattern of cross-over and gene conversion events, we constructed a strain with a number of heterozygous m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polarity of meiotic gene conversion in fungi: contrasting views.

Journal article Experientia · March 15, 1994 The frequency of meiotic gene conversion often varies linearly from one end of the gene to the other. This phenomenon has been called 'polarity'. In this review, we will primarily studies of polarity that have been done in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Instability of simple sequence repeats in a mammalian cell line.

Journal article Hum Mol Genet · February 1994 Short tandem repeat sequences in the mammalian genome are considered to be unstable, since many of them are polymorphic in length; however, the extent of this instability has been difficult to quantitate. We have directly determined the rate of mutation of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Destabilization of tracts of simple repetitive DNA in yeast by mutations affecting DNA mismatch repair.

Journal article Nature · September 16, 1993 The genomes of all eukaryotes contain tracts of DNA in which a single base or a small number of bases is repeated. Expansions of such tracts have been associated with several human disorders including the fragile X syndrome. In addition, simple repeats are ... Full text Link to item Cite

INSTABILITY OF MICROSATELLITE SEQUENCES IN CULTURED-CELLS

Journal article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS · September 1, 1993 Link to item Cite

Transcription factors are required for the meiotic recombination hotspot at the HIS4 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · July 15, 1993 The full activity of a recombination initiation site located 5' of HIS4 requires the binding of the transcription factors RAP1, BAS1, and BAS2. Two RAP1 binding sites can substitute for the wild-type initiation site. A 51-bp region of telomeric DNA inserte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Instability of a plasmid-borne inverted repeat in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · May 1993 Inverted repeated DNA sequences are common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We found that a plasmid-borne 94 base-pair inverted repeat (a perfect palindrome of 47 bp) containing a poly GT sequence is unstable in S. cerevisiae, with a minimal deletion fr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic evidence that the meiotic recombination hotspot at the HIS4 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not represent a site for a symmetrically processed double-strand break.

Journal article Genetics · May 1993 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the binding of the Rap1 protein to a site located between the 5' end of the HIS4 gene and the 3' end of BIK1 stimulates meiotic recombination at both flanking loci. By using strains that contain mutations located in H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with nonhomologous DNA: illegitimate integration of transforming DNA into yeast chromosomes and in vivo ligation of transforming DNA to mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · May 1993 When the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with DNA that shares no homology to the genome, three classes of transformants were obtained. In the most common class, the DNA was inserted as the result of a reaction that appears to require base pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physical detection of heteroduplexes during meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · April 1993 We describe a general physical method for detecting the heteroduplex DNA that is formed as an intermediate in meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We use this method to study the kinetic relationship between the formation of heterod ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of a gene conversion gradient at the HIS4 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · September 1992 Heteroduplexes formed between genes on homologous chromosomes are intermediates in meiotic recombination. In the HIS4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most mutant alleles at the 5' end of the gene have a higher rate of meiotic recombination (gene conversi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD5-encoded DNA repair protein contains DNA helicase and zinc-binding sequence motifs and affects the stability of simple repetitive sequences in the genome.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · September 1992 rad5 (rev2) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are sensitive to UV light and other DNA-damaging agents, and RAD5 is in the RAD6 epistasis group of DNA repair genes. To unambiguously define the function of RAD5, we have cloned the RAD5 gene, determined the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Instability of simple sequence DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · June 1992 All eukaryotic genomes thus far examined contain simple sequence repeats. A particularly common simple sequence in many organisms (including humans) consists of tracts of alternating GT residues on one strand. Allelic poly(GT) tracts are often of different ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measurements of excision repair tracts formed during meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · April 1992 During meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heteroduplexes are formed at a high frequency between HIS4 genes located on homologous chromosomes. Using mutant alleles of the HIS4 gene that result in poorly repaired mismatches in heter ... Full text Link to item Cite

A promoter deletion reduces the rate of mitotic, but not meiotic, recombination at the HIS4 locus in yeast.

Journal article Curr Genet · February 1992 Several investigators have reported that transcription stimulates some types of mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that mutations that reduce the rate of transcription of the yeast HIS4 gene in vegetative cells reduce the ... Full text Link to item Cite

DNA-binding protein RAP1 stimulates meiotic recombination at the HIS4 locus in yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · November 1, 1991 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as in other eukaryotes, some regions of the genome have a much higher rate of meiotic recombination than others. We show below that the binding of the RAP1 protein to a site upstream of the HIS4 gene is necessary for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Seven-base-pair inverted repeats in DNA form stable hairpins in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · November 1991 Palindromic sequences in single-stranded DNA and RNA have the potential for intrastrand base pairing, resulting in formation of "hairpin" structures. We previously reported a genetic method for detecting such structures in vivo in the yeast Saccharomyces c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Integration of DNA fragments by illegitimate recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · September 1, 1991 DNA fragments (generated by BamHI treatment) with no homology to the yeast genome were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When the fragments were transformed in the presence of the BamHI enzyme, they integrated into genomic BamHI sites. When the fr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic analysis of a meiotic recombination hotspot on chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · August 1991 In a previous study, we analyzed meiotic recombination events that occurred in the 22-kb region (LEU2 to CEN3) of chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found one region with an enhanced level of crossovers (a hotspot) and one region with a depress ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repair of specific base pair mismatches formed during meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · February 1991 Heteroduplexes formed between DNA strands derived from different homologous chromosomes are an intermediate in meiotic crossing over in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eucaryotes. A heteroduplex formed between wild-type and mutant genes will c ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Tn3 β-lactamase gene acts as a hotspot for meiotic recombination in yeast

Journal article Genetics · January 25, 1991 Although genetic distances are often assumed to be proportional to physical distances, chromosomal regions with unusually high (hotspots) or low (coldspots) levels of meiotic recombination have been described in a number of genetic systems. In general, the ... Cite

The Tn3 beta-lactamase gene acts as a hotspot for meiotic recombination in yeast.

Journal article Genetics · January 1991 Although genetic distances are often assumed to be proportional to physical distances, chromosomal regions with unusually high (hotspots) or low (coldspots) levels of meiotic recombination have been described in a number of genetic systems. In general, the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiotic recombination between dispersed repeated genes is associated with heteroduplex formation.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · August 1990 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recombination events occurring between allelic genes located on homologous chromosomes are often associated with heteroduplex formation. We found that recombination events between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes (ec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic evidence for preferential strand transfer during meiotic recombination in yeast.

Journal article Genetics · August 1990 During meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heteroduplexes are formed as an intermediate in the exchange process. In the formation of an asymmetric heteroduplex, one chromosome acts as a donor of a single DNA strand and the other ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitotic and meiotic gene conversion of Ty elements and other insertions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · August 1989 We examined meiotic and mitotic gene conversion events involved in deletion of Ty elements and other insertions from the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that Ty elements and one other insertion were deleted by mitotic gene conversion ... Full text Link to item Cite

Palindromic sequences in heteroduplex DNA inhibit mismatch repair in yeast.

Journal article Nature · July 27, 1989 Although single heterozygous markers in yeast usually segregate during meiosis in a 2:2 ratio, abberant 3:1 segregations occur quite frequently as a result of gene-conversion events. A second type of aberrant segregation, post-meiotic segregation, results ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recombination in yeast and the recombinant DNA technology.

Journal article Genome · 1989 The development of methods to isolate eukaryotic genes, alter these genes in vitro and reintroduce them into the cell has had a major impact on the study of recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this paper we discuss how recombinant DNA t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitotic recombination within the centromere of a yeast chromosome.

Journal article Science · August 26, 1988 Centromeres are the structural elements of eukaryotic chromosomes that hold sister chromatids together and to which spindle tubules connect during cell division. Centromeres have been shown to suppress meiotic recombination in some systems. In this study y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiotic recombination between repeated transposable elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · July 1988 We have measured the frequency of meiotic recombination between marked Ty elements in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. These recombination events were usually nonreciprocal (gene conversions) and sometimes involved nonhomologous chromosomes. The freque ... Full text Link to item Cite

Allelic and ectopic recombination between Ty elements in yeast.

Journal article Genetics · July 1988 Allelic and nonallelic (ectopic) recombination events were analyzed in a set of isogenic strains that carry marked Ty elements. We found that allelic recombination between Ty elements occurred at normal frequencies both in meiosis and mitosis. The marked T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physical lengths of meiotic and mitotic gene conversion tracts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · March 1988 Physical lengths of gene conversion tracts for meiotic and mitotic conversions were examined, using the same diploid yeast strain in all experiments. This strain is heterozygous for a mutation in the URA3 gene as well as closely linked restriction site mar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expansions and contractions of the genetic map relative to the physical map of yeast chromosome III.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · February 1988 To examine the relationship between genetic and physical chromosome maps, we constructed a diploid strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygous for 12 restriction site mutations within a 23-kilobase (5-centimorgan) interval of chromosome III. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiotic recombination within the centromere of a yeast chromosome.

Journal article Cell · January 29, 1988 In order to examine the frequency of nonreciprocal recombination (gene conversion) within the centromere of the yeast chromosome, we constructed strains that contained heterozygous restriction sites in the conserved centromere sequences of chromosome III i ... Full text Link to item Cite

MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION BETWEEN REPEATED GENES ON NONHOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES.

Journal article undefined · December 1, 1987 Meiotic recombination events between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes are examined. Initially, meiotic conversion was detected by tetrad dissection. Also, random spore analysis was used to detect such conversions. Conversion-associated reciproca ... Cite

Chromosomal translocations generated by high-frequency meiotic recombination between repeated yeast genes.

Journal article Genetics · November 1986 We have examined meiotic and mitotic recombination between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results of these experiments can be summarized in three statements. First, gene conversion events between repe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Most of the yeast genomic sequences are not essential for cell growth and division.

Journal article Cell · September 26, 1986 To determine the fraction of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome that is required for normal cell growth and division, we constructed diploid strains that were heterozygous for random single disruptions. We monitored the effects of approximately 200 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation and characterization of a Ty element inserted into the ribosomal DNA of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Nucleic Acids Res · April 11, 1986 The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has about 30 to 50 copies of a transposable element Ty. Most of these elements are located at the 5' ends of protein coding sequences and are flanked by a 5 bp duplication. We report below an insertion of a Ty element int ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of yeast mutants with altered telomere structure.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 1986 The chromosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae terminate in a tract of simple-sequence DNA [poly(C1-3A)] that is several hundred base pairs long. We describe the identification of mutant yeast strains that have telomeric tracts that are shorter than ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-frequency meiotic gene conversion between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes in yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · May 1985 We have used a genetic system that allows detection of meiotic recombination events between repeated sequences on nonhomologous chromosomes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have found that recombination between these sequences occurs at a frequenc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic control of chromosome length in yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · January 1985 The chromosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae terminate with sequences that have the form poly(C1-3-A). In this paper, we show that within an individual yeast strain all chromosomes end with tracts of poly(C1-3-A) of similar lengths; however, diffe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long poly(A) tracts in the human genome are associated with the Alu family of repeated elements.

Journal article J Mol Biol · December 15, 1984 Long poly(dA).poly(dT) tracts (poly(A) tracts), regions of DNA containing at least 20 contiguous dA residues on one strand and dT residues on the complementary strand, are found in about 2 X 10(4) copies interspersed throughout the human genome. Using poly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tandemly arranged variant 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Nucleic Acids Res · November 12, 1984 Most of the ribosomal RNA genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are about 9 kilobases (kb) in size and encode both the 35S rRNA (processed to produce the 25S, 18S, and 5.8S species) and 5S rRNA. These genes are arranged in a single tandem array of 10 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unusual DNA sequences associated with the ends of yeast chromosomes.

Journal article Nature · July 12, 1984 The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, like those of other eukaryotes, contains multiple sequences that hybridize with a poly(GT) probe. We have shown previously that some of the sequences that hybridize with the poly(GT) probe are located near ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic mapping of Ty elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · February 1984 We used transformation to insert a selectable marker at various sites in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome occupied by the transposable element Ty. The vector CV9 contains the LEU2+ gene and a portion of the repeated element Ty1-17. Transformation with t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recombination of plasmids into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome is reduced by small amounts of sequence heterogeneity.

Journal article Mol Cell Biol · July 1983 As a model system for studying the properties of mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have examined recombination between a recombinant plasmid (introduced into the S. cerevisiae cell by transformation) and homologous chromosomal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is there left-handed DNA at the ends of yeast chromosomes?

Journal article Nature · March 3, 1983 Tracts of the alternating copolymer poly(dGdT . dCdA) have been observed in a variety of eukaryotes. Such tracts are of particular interest since homopolymers of this sequence can exist in vitro as left-handed Z form DNA. We have found that the yeast Sacch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationships among DNA sequences of the 1.3 kb EcoRI family of mouse DNA.

Journal article J Mol Evol · 1983 The genome of the mouse (Mus musculus) contains a family of repeated DNA sequences defined by a 1.3 kb EcoRI fragment. Restriction maps of ten cloned fragments from this family have been determined. The fragments were of seven different types, based on the ... Full text Link to item Cite

CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY DA POLY DT TRACTS IN THE HUMAN GENOME

Journal article AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS · January 1, 1983 Link to item Cite

Gene conversion between repeated genes.

Journal article Nature · November 18, 1982 Full text Link to item Cite

Intrachromosomal gene conversion and the maintenance of sequence homogeneity among repeated genes.

Journal article Genetics · February 1982 Intrachromosomal gene conversion is the non-reciprocal transfer of information between a pair of repeated genes on a single chromosome. This process produces eventual sequence homogeneity within a family of repeated genes. An evolutionary model for a singl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Analysis of the junction between ribosomal RNA genes and single-copy chromosomal sequences in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Cell · February 1982 The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a single tandem array of 100 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. We have cloned and characterized a junction between the centromere-distal end of this array and the adjacent single-copy chromosomal sequences. We have shown th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recombination between genes located on nonhomologous chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article Genetics · 1982 We constructed strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contained two different mutant alleles of either the leu2 gene or the ura3 gene. These repeated genes were located on chromosomes V and XII and the two leu2- alleles were located on chromosomes III an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unequal sister-strand recombination within yeast ribosomal DNA does not require the RAD 52 gene product.

Journal article Curr Genet · May 1981 We have found that the RAD52 gene product, which is required for gene conversion and recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is not required for unequal mitotic sister-strand recombination. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intrachromosomal gene conversion in yeast.

Journal article Nature · January 15, 1981 We have shown that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a mechanism by which information from one gene can be transferred non-reciprocally to a repeated copy of the gene on the same chromosome. This intrachromosomal gene conversion may be important in ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transposed LEU2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated normally.

Journal article J Bacteriol · November 1980 The repression of beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, the LEU2 gene product, by leucine and leucine plus threonine was unaffected by the transposition of LEU2 from its original locus on chromosome III to a new locus within the ribosomal deoxyribonucleic ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unequal meiotic recombination within tandem arrays of yeast ribosomal DNA genes.

Journal article Cell · March 1980 Recombinant DNA procedures and the yeast transformation technique were used to insert the yeast gene LEU 2 (coding for beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase) into the tandem array of ribosomal DNA genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These insertions ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular genetics of yeast.

Journal article Annu Rev Biochem · 1980 Full text Link to item Cite

Evidence that the ribosomal DNA genes of yeast are not on chromosome I.

Journal article Mol Gen Genet · September 1979 Several workers have reported that most of the ribosomal DNA genes (rDNA) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are located on chromosome I. More recently, data indicating that the yeast rDNA genes are located on chromosome XII has been presented. In this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meiotic mapping of yeast ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid on chromosome XII.

Journal article J Bacteriol · April 1979 We have used meiotic mapping techniques to locate the position of the repeating ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that the rDNA genes are located on the right arm of chromosome XII, approximately 45 map units centro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Yeast ribosomal DNA genes are located on chromosome XII.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · January 1979 Two lines of experimental evidence indicate that the repeating ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are located on chromosome XII. First, the rDNA genes are linked mitotically to genes that have been previously mapped to chromos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation and analysis of recombinant DNA molecules containing yeast DNA.

Journal article Gene · September 1978 2500 recombinant plasmids containing insertions of yeast nuclear DNA have been cloned in Escherichia coli. It can be calculated that about 85% of the yeast genome is represented in this collection. The clones have been characterized by hybridization to pur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Location of the 5.8S rRNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal article J Bacteriol · April 1978 Direct DNA sequence analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal DNA cloned in an Escherichia coli plasmid revealed part of the structural gene for 5.8S rRNA at one end of a 700-base-pair EcoRI fragment. Taken with the previously established EcoRI restri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of two types of yeast ribosomal DNA genes.

Journal article J Bacteriol · April 1978 The intragenic organization of ribosomal DNA from a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed by using recombinant DNA molecules constructed in vitro. Restriction analysis of the yeast ribosomal DNA with the EcoRI restriction enzyme indicated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simple Mendelian inheritance of the reiterated ribosomal DNA of yeast.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · November 1977 A diploid strain of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was found to be heterozygous for two forms of the highly repetitious ribosomal DNA. These forms could be distinguished by the pattern of fragments produced after digestion with the site-specific restrict ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fiber autoradiography of replicating yeast DNA.

Journal article Exp Cell Res · October 1, 1975 Full text Link to item Cite

Replicating circular DNA molecules in yeast.

Journal article Cell · March 1975 The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a class of small circular DNA molecules, approximately 2 mum in contour length (Sinclair et al., 1967). In this report, it is shown that these molecules replicate as double-branched circles, similar to those obse ... Full text Link to item Cite

Replication of yeast chromosomal DNA.

Journal article Nature · January 4, 1974 Full text Link to item Cite

Yeast chromosomal DNA: size, structure, and replication.

Journal article Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol · 1974 Full text Link to item Cite

Size and structure of yeast chromosomal DNA.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · November 1973 Electron microscopic analysis indicates that yeast nuclear DNA can be isolated as linear molecules ranging in size from 50 mum (1.2 x 10(8) daltons) to 355 mum (8.4 x 10(8) daltons). Analysis indicates the data is consistent with the hypothesis that each y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Yeast chromosomal DNA: size, structure, and replication

Journal article Symposia on Quantitative Biology · January 1, 1973 Cite

Sedimentation properties of yeast chromosomal DNA.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · May 1972 Sedimentation analysis of nuclear DNA released from spheroplasts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicates that it has a number average molecular weight of 6.2 x 10(8). The chromosomal DNA molecules range in size from as small as 5 x 10(7) daltons to ... Full text Link to item Cite