Vivian Hou Chu | Scholars@Duke

Vivian Hou Chu
Associate Professor of Medicine

Dr. Chu's clinical research is focused on staphylococci and endocarditis (IE). She is the director of the International Collaboration on Endocarditis (ICE), a group of investigators from 78 sites in 32 countries worldwide that is dedicated to further the understanding of infective endocarditis. The ICE database comprises > 5000 cases of endocarditis and is designed to answer questions that could not be answered from a single-center study. The current focus of this group is surgical-decision making in the treatment of endocarditis. Another major focus of Dr. Chu's research is on the relationship between oral hygiene and risk for developing infective endocarditis.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2017
Member in the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Institutes and Centers 2006

Contact Information

Duke Box 102359, DIV of Infectious Diseases, Durham, NC 27710
Room 177 Hanes House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710
vivian.chu@duke.edu (919) 668-7174

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellow in Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Duke University 2003 - 2006
- Medical Resident, Medicine, Duke University 2000 - 2003
- M.D., Columbia University 2000
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2013 - 2017
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2008 - 2013
- Medical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2006 - 2008
- Instructor, Temporary in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2006
Recognition
Awards & Honors
- Infectious Disease Division Annual Education Award. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke. 2015
Research
Selected Grants
- Randomized Trial of Non-Surgical Therapy and Oral Hygiene Instruction to Reduce Risk of Infective Endocarditis (R01 Sub) awarded by Atrium Health 2022 - 2023
- Bridging the Gap to Enhance Clinical Research Program (BIGGER) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2022
- PTN2- TO# 3 Concept Development and Clinical Trial Readiness Support Option Period 1 awarded by National Institute for Child Health & Human Develo 2019 - 2020
- Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Disease and Infective Endocarditis awarded by Carolinas Medical Center 2018 - 2020
- Optimizing treatment for E. faecalis infective endocarditis: ampicillin plus ceftriaxone versus ampicillin plus gentamicin awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2019
- Duke CTSA (UL1) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2018
- NIH Summer Research Experience Programs (R25) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2018
- A Phase lll Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-label, Comparative Study to Assess the Efficacy of a Treatment Algorithm to Reduce the Use of Vancomycin in Patients with Intravenous Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections (BSI) due to Staphylococci awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2017
- Optimizing duration of antibiotics after valve surgery for infective endocarditis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2014
External Relationships
- UpToDate, Inc
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Schranz, Asher J., Casey Tak, Li-Tzy Wu, Vivian H. Chu, David A. Wohl, and David L. Rosen. “The Impact of Discharge Against Medical Advice on Readmission After Opioid Use Disorder-Associated Infective Endocarditis: a National Cohort Study.” J Gen Intern Med, November 7, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-022-07879-6.
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  - Téllez, Adrián, Juan Ambrosioni, Marta Hernández-Meneses, Jaume Llopis, Marco Ripa, Stephen T. Chambers, David Holland, et al. “Clinical characteristics and outcome of infective endocarditis due to Abiotrophia and Granulicatella compared to Viridans group streptococci.” J Infect 85, no. 2 (August 2022): 137–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2022.05.023.
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  - Pericàs, Juan M., Jaume Llopis, Maria Jesús Jiménez-Exposito, Wissam M. Kourany, Benito Almirante, Giampiero Carosi, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, et al. “Infective Endocarditis in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis.” J Am Coll Cardiol 77, no. 13 (April 6, 2021): 1629–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.014.
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  - Pericàs, Juan M., Jaume Llopis, Eugene Athan, Marta Hernández-Meneses, Margaret M. Hannan, David R. Murdoch, Zeina Kanafani, et al. “Prospective Cohort Study of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs.” J Am Coll Cardiol 77, no. 5 (February 9, 2021): 544–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.062.
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  - Fernández Hidalgo, Núria, Amal A. Gharamti, María Luisa Aznar, Benito Almirante, Mohamad Yasmin, Claudio Querido Fortes, Patrick Plesiat, et al. “Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis: Characteristics and Outcomes From a Large, Multinational Cohort.” Open Forum Infect Dis 7, no. 5 (May 2020): ofaa120. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa120.
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  - Hasse, B., M. M. Hannan, P. M. Keller, F. P. Maurer, R. Sommerstein, D. Mertz, D. Wagner, et al. “International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Infection Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.” J Hosp Infect 104, no. 2 (February 2020): 214–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2019.10.009.
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  - Dallefeld, S. H., P. B. Smith, E. G. Crenshaw, K. R. Daniel, M. L. Gilleskie, D. S. Smith, S. Balevic, et al. “Comparative safety profile of chloral hydrate versus other sedatives for procedural sedation in hospitalized infants.” J Neonatal Perinatal Med 13, no. 2 (2020): 159–65. https://doi.org/10.3233/NPM-190214.
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  - Wang, Andrew, Vivian H. Chu, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, Jose M. Miro, et al. “Corrigendum to "association between the timing of surgery for complicated, left-sided infective endocarditis and survival", American HeartJournal 2019, volume 210, April 2019, pages 108-116.” Am Heart J 212 (June 2019): 165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2019.03.006.
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  - Hannan, Margaret M., Rongbing Xie, Jennifer Cowger, Stephan Schueler, Theo de By, Anne I. Dipchand, Vivian H. Chu, et al. “Epidemiology of infection in mechanical circulatory support: A global analysis from the ISHLT Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support Registry.” J Heart Lung Transplant 38, no. 4 (April 2019): 364–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.007.
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  - Wang, Andrew, Vivian H. Chu, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, Jose M. Miro, et al. “Association between the timing of surgery for complicated, left-sided infective endocarditis and survival.” Am Heart J 210 (April 2019): 108–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2019.01.004.
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  - Thornhill, Martin H., Mark J. Dayer, Vivian H. Chu, Patrick T. O’Gara, and Larry M. Baddour. “Reply: Intravenous Drug Use-Associated Endocarditis Complicating Research of Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Guideline Recommendations.” J Am Coll Cardiol 73, no. 8 (March 5, 2019): 985–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.001.
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  - Schranz, Asher J., Aaron Fleischauer, Vivian H. Chu, Li-Tzy Wu, and David L. Rosen. “Trends in Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis and Heart Valve Surgery, 2007 to 2017: A Study of Statewide Discharge Data.” Ann Intern Med 170, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-2124.
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  - Arnold, Christopher J., and Vivian H. Chu. “Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections.” Infect Dis Clin North Am 32, no. 4 (December 2018): 811–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2018.06.004.
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  - Chu, Vivian H. “Device-Associated Infections.” Infect Dis Clin North Am 32, no. 4 (December 2018): ix–x. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2018.09.001.
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  - Thornhill, Martin H., Teresa B. Gibson, Eli Cutler, Mark J. Dayer, Vivian H. Chu, Peter B. Lockhart, Patrick T. O’Gara, and Larry M. Baddour. “Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Incidence of Endocarditis Before and After the 2007 AHA Recommendations.” J Am Coll Cardiol 72, no. 20 (November 13, 2018): 2443–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2178.
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  - Wang, Andrew, Jeffrey G. Gaca, and Vivian H. Chu. “Injection Drug Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis-Reply.” Jama 320, no. 18 (November 13, 2018): 1939–40. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.14075.
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  - Holland, Thomas L., Issam Raad, Helen W. Boucher, Deverick J. Anderson, Sara E. Cosgrove, P Suzanne Aycock, John W. Baddley, et al. “Effect of Algorithm-Based Therapy vs Usual Care on Clinical Success and Serious Adverse Events in Patients with Staphylococcal Bacteremia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Jama 320, no. 12 (September 25, 2018): 1249–58. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.13155.
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  - Aslam, Saima, Rongbing Xie, Jennifer Cowger, James K. Kirklin, Vivian H. Chu, Stephan Schueler, Theo de By, et al. “Bloodstream infections in mechanical circulatory support device recipients in the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Mechanically Assisted Circulation Support Registry: Epidemiology, risk factors, and mortality.” J Heart Lung Transplant 37, no. 8 (August 2018): 1013–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2018.04.006.
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  - Chu, Vivian H. “Endocarditis.” Jama 320, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 102. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.7524.
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  - Wang, Andrew, Jeffrey G. Gaca, and Vivian H. Chu. “Management Considerations in Infective Endocarditis: A Review.” Jama 320, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.7596.
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  - Pericàs, J. M., J. A. Messina, C. Garcia-de-la-Mària, L. Park, B. K. Sharma-Kuinkel, F. Marco, D. Wray, et al. “Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the outcome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus left-sided infective endocarditis treated with antistaphylococcal β-lactam antibiotics: a prospective cohort study by the International Collaboration on Endocarditis.” Clin Microbiol Infect 23, no. 8 (August 2017): 544–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.01.017.
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  - Carugati, M., C. A. Petti, C. Arnold, J. M. Miro, J. M. Pericàs, C. Garcia de la Maria, Z. Kanafani, et al. “Antistaphylococcal β-Lactams versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Infective Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Susceptible Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: a Prospective Cohort Study from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60, no. 10 (October 2016): 6341–49. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01531-16.
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  - Romaine, Andrew, Daniel Ye, Zachary Ao, Francia Fang, Octavious Johnson, Taylor Blake, Daniel K. Benjamin, et al. “Safety of histamine-2 receptor blockers in hospitalized VLBW infants.” Early Hum Dev 99 (August 2016): 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.05.010.
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  - Limeres Posse, J., M. Álvarez Fernández, J. Fernández Feijoo, J. Medina Henríquez, P. B. Lockhart, V. H. Chu, and P. Diz Dios. “Intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanate for the prevention of bacteraemia following dental procedures: a randomized clinical trial.” J Antimicrob Chemother 71, no. 7 (July 2016): 2022–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkw081.
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  - Park, Lawrence P., Vivian H. Chu, Gail Peterson, Athanasios Skoutelis, Tatjana Lejko-Zupa, Emilio Bouza, Pierre Tattevin, et al. “Validated Risk Score for Predicting 6-Month Mortality in Infective Endocarditis.” J Am Heart Assoc 5, no. 4 (April 18, 2016): e003016. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.003016.
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  - Gulack, Brian C., Matthew M. Laughon, Reese H. Clark, Terrance Burgess, Sybil Robinson, Abdurrauf Muhammad, Angela Zhang, et al. “Enteral Feeding with Human Milk Decreases Time to Discharge in Infants following Gastroschisis Repair.” J Pediatr 170 (March 2016): 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.11.046.
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  - Qi, Robert, Hwang-Soo Joo, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Nicholas R. Berlon, Lawrence Park, Chih-Lung Fu, Julia A. Messina, et al. “Increased in vitro phenol-soluble modulin production is associated with soft tissue infection source in clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.” J Infect 72, no. 3 (March 2016): 302–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.11.002.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Yanhong Li, Lori L. Hudson, Vivian H. Chu, Tiffany Himmel, Alex T. Limkakeng, Jason N. Katz, et al. “Potential Cost-effectiveness of Early Identification of Hospital-acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients.” Ann Am Thorac Soc 13, no. 3 (March 2016): 401–13. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-205OC.
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  - Chu, Vivian H. “When the Cat's Out of the Bag: Searching for Portals of Entry in Infective Endocarditis.” J Am Coll Cardiol 67, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 159–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.066.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., Lawrence P. Park, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, Jose M. Miro, et al. “Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Association Between Surgical Indications, Operative Risk, and Clinical Outcome in Infective Endocarditis: A Prospective Study From the International Collaboration on Endocarditis".” Circulation 132, no. 14 (October 6, 2015): e184–85. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016782.
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  - Arnold, Christopher J., Jessica Ericson, Nathan Cho, James Tian, Shelby Wilson, Vivian H. Chu, Christoph P. Hornik, et al. “Cefepime and Ceftazidime Safety in Hospitalized Infants.” Pediatr Infect Dis J 34, no. 9 (September 2015): 964–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000778.
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  - Ericson, Jessica E., Christopher Arnold, Jomani Cheeseman, Jordan Cho, Sarah Kaneko, Ele’na Wilson, Reese H. Clark, et al. “Use and Safety of Erythromycin and Metoclopramide in Hospitalized Infants.” J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 61, no. 3 (September 2015): 334–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000792.
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  - Lauridsen, Trine K., Lawrence Park, Steven Y. C. Tong, Christine Selton-Suty, Gail Peterson, Enrico Cecchi, Luis Afonso, et al. “Echocardiographic Findings Predict In-Hospital and 1-Year Mortality in Left-Sided Native Valve Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: Analysis From the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Echo Cohort Study.” Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 8, no. 7 (July 2015): e003397. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.114.003397.
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  - Arnold, Christopher J., Jessica Ericson, Jordan Kohman, Kaitlyn L. Corey, Morgan Oh, Janet Onabanjo, Christoph P. Hornik, et al. “Rifampin use and safety in hospitalized infants.” Am J Perinatol 32, no. 6 (May 2015): 565–70. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1543955.
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  - Arnold, Christopher J., Melissa Johnson, Arnold S. Bayer, Suzanne Bradley, Efthymia Giannitsioti, José M. Miró, Pilar Tornos, et al. “Candida infective endocarditis: an observational cohort study with a focus on therapy.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59, no. 4 (April 2015): 2365–73. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04867-14.
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  - Chirouze, Catherine, François Alla, Vance G. Fowler, Daniel J. Sexton, G Ralph Corey, Vivian H. Chu, Andrew Wang, et al. “Impact of early valve surgery on outcome of Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: analysis in the International Collaboration of Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.” Clin Infect Dis 60, no. 5 (March 1, 2015): 741–49. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu871.
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  - Delahaye, F., V. H. Chu, J. Altclas, B. Barsic, A. Delahaye, T. Freiberger, D. L. Gordon, et al. “One-year outcome following biological or mechanical valve replacement for infective endocarditis.” Int J Cardiol 178 (January 15, 2015): 117–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.125.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., Lawrence P. Park, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, Jose M. Miro, et al. “Association between surgical indications, operative risk, and clinical outcome in infective endocarditis: a prospective study from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis.” Circulation 131, no. 2 (January 13, 2015): 131–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012461.
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  - Alagna, L., L. P. Park, B. P. Nicholson, A. J. Keiger, J. Strahilevitz, A. Morris, D. Wray, et al. “Repeat endocarditis: analysis of risk factors based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis - Prospective Cohort Study.” Clin Microbiol Infect 20, no. 6 (June 2014): 566–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12395.
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  - Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Larry M. Baddour, Patricia J. Erwin, Bruno Hoen, Vivian H. Chu, George A. Mensah, and Imad M. Tleyjeh. “Global and regional burden of infective endocarditis, 1990-2010: a systematic review of the literature.” Glob Heart 9, no. 1 (March 2014): 131–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.01.002.
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  - Carugati, Manuela, Arnold S. Bayer, Josè M. Miró, Lawrence P. Park, Armenio C. Guimarães, Athanasios Skoutelis, Claudio Q. Fortes, et al. “High-dose daptomycin therapy for left-sided infective endocarditis: a prospective study from the international collaboration on endocarditis.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57, no. 12 (December 2013): 6213–22. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01563-13.
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  - Chirouze, C., E. Athan, F. Alla, V. H. Chu, G. Ralph Corey, C. Selton-Suty, M. -. L. Erpelding, et al. “Enterococcal endocarditis in the beginning of the 21st century: analysis from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.” Clin Microbiol Infect 19, no. 12 (December 2013): 1140–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12166.
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  - Lalani, Tahaniyat, Vivian H. Chu, Lawrence P. Park, Enrico Cecchi, G Ralph Corey, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Vance G. Fowler, et al. “In-hospital and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing early surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis.” Jama Intern Med 173, no. 16 (September 9, 2013): 1495–1504. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8203.
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  - Barsic, Bruno, Andrew Wang, and Vivian H. Chu. “Reply to Tleyjeh and Baddour.” Clin Infect Dis 56, no. 12 (June 2013): 1845. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit101.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., and Daniel J. Sexton. “Editorial commentary: telephone consultation for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: opening Pandora's box.” Clin Infect Dis 56, no. 4 (February 2013): 536–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis895.
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  - Barsic, Bruno, Stuart Dickerman, Vladimir Krajinovic, Paul Pappas, Javier Altclas, Giampiero Carosi, José H. Casabé, et al. “Influence of the timing of cardiac surgery on the outcome of patients with infective endocarditis and stroke.” Clin Infect Dis 56, no. 2 (January 2013): 209–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis878.
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  - Chambers, Stephen T., David Murdoch, Arthur Morris, David Holland, Paul Pappas, Manel Almela, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, et al. “HACEK infective endocarditis: characteristics and outcomes from a large, multi-national cohort.” Plos One 8, no. 5 (2013): e63181. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063181.
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  - Athan, Eugene, Vivian H. Chu, Pierre Tattevin, Christine Selton-Suty, Phillip Jones, Christoph Naber, José M. Miró, et al. “Clinical characteristics and outcome of infective endocarditis involving implantable cardiac devices.” Jama 307, no. 16 (April 25, 2012): 1727–35. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.497.
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  - Federspiel, Jerome J., Sally C. Stearns, Amanda F. Peppercorn, Vivian H. Chu, and Vance G. Fowler. “Increasing US rates of endocarditis with Staphylococcus aureus: 1999-2008.” Arch Intern Med 172, no. 4 (February 27, 2012): 363–65. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1027.
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  - Kiefer, Todd, Lawrence Park, Christophe Tribouilloy, Claudia Cortes, Roberta Casillo, Vivian Chu, Francois Delahaye, et al. “Association between valvular surgery and mortality among patients with infective endocarditis complicated by heart failure.” Jama 306, no. 20 (November 23, 2011): 2239–47. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1701.
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  - Dickerman, Stuart A., Bruno Barsic, Vivian H. Chu, V. G. Fowler, Paul A. Pappas, and Arnold Bayer. “Medical vs. Surgical Management of Perivalvular Abscess in Infective Endocarditis: A Propensity Analysis From the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS).” Circulation 124, no. 21 (November 22, 2011).
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  - Goswami, Neela D., Melissa D. Johnson, and Vivian H. Chu. “Ertapenem for treatment of osteomyelitis: a case series.” Bmc Res Notes 4 (November 2, 2011): 478. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-478.
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  - Nienaber, Juhsien J. C., Batu K. Sharma Kuinkel, Michael Clarke-Pearson, Supaporn Lamlertthon, Lawrence Park, Thomas H. Rude, Steve Barriere, et al. “Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis isolates are associated with clonal complex 30 genotype and a distinct repertoire of enterotoxins and adhesins.” J Infect Dis 204, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 704–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir389.
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  - Thornhill, Martin H., Mark J. Dayer, Jamie M. Forde, G Ralph Corey, Vivian H. Chu, David J. Couper, and Peter B. Lockhart. “Impact of the NICE guideline recommending cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis: before and after study.” Bmj 342 (May 3, 2011): d2392. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2392.
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  - Lalani, Tahaniyat, Christopher H. Cabell, Daniel K. Benjamin, Ovidiu Lasca, Christoph Naber, Vance G. Fowler, G Ralph Corey, et al. “Analysis of the impact of early surgery on in-hospital mortality of native valve endocarditis: use of propensity score and instrumental variable methods to adjust for treatment-selection bias.” Circulation 121, no. 8 (March 2, 2010): 1005–13. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.864488.
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  - Eisen, Damon P., G Ralph Corey, Emma S. McBryde, Vance G. Fowler, Jose M. Miro, Chris H. Cabell, Alan C. Street, et al. “Reduced valve replacement surgery and complication rate in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis patients receiving acetyl-salicylic acid.” J Infect 58, no. 5 (May 2009): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2009.03.006.
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  - Chu, V. H., J. M. Miro, B. Hoen, C. H. Cabell, P. A. Pappas, P. Jones, M. E. Stryjewski, et al. “Coagulase-negative staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis--a contemporary update based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis: prospective cohort study.” Heart 95, no. 7 (April 2009): 570–76. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2008.152975.
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  - Ikeda, A., H. Iso, I. Kawachi, K. Yamagishi, M. Inoue, S. Tsugane, and S. JPHC Study Group. “Living arrangement and coronary heart disease: the JPHC study.” Heart 95, no. 7 (April 2009): 577–83. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2008.149575.
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  - Murdoch, David R., G Ralph Corey, Bruno Hoen, José M. Miró, Vance G. Fowler, Arnold S. Bayer, Adolf W. Karchmer, et al. “Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.” Arch Intern Med 169, no. 5 (March 9, 2009): 463–73. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.603.
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  - Stryjewski, Martin E., Zeina A. Kanafani, Vivian H. Chu, Paul A. Pappas, Tina Harding, Laura A. Drew, Daniel K. Benjamin, et al. “Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients with health care-associated fever.” Am J Med 122, no. 3 (March 2009): 281-289.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.040.
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  - Monk, Alastair B., Sam Boundy, Vivian H. Chu, Jill C. Bettinger, Jaime R. Robles, Vance G. Fowler, and Gordon L. Archer. “Analysis of the genotype and virulence of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from patients with infective endocarditis.” Infect Immun 76, no. 11 (November 2008): 5127–32. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00606-08.
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  - Lalani, Tahaniyat, Jerome J. Federspiel, Helen W. Boucher, Thomas H. Rude, In-Gyu Bae, Michael J. Rybak, Giang T. Tonthat, et al. “Associations between the genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream isolates and clinical characteristics and outcomes of bacteremic patients.” J Clin Microbiol 46, no. 9 (September 2008): 2890–96. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00905-08.
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  - Baddley, J. W., D. K. Benjamin, M. Patel, J. Miró, E. Athan, B. Barsic, E. Bouza, et al. “Candida infective endocarditis.” Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27, no. 7 (July 2008): 519–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-008-0466-x.
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  - Chu, Vivian H. “Coagulase-negative staphylococci and endocarditis: reappraisal in the 21st century.” Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 26, no. 5 (May 2008): 261–62. https://doi.org/10.1157/13120416.
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  - Liao, L., D. F. Kong, Z. Samad, P. A. Pappas, J. G. Jollis, S. S. Lin, A. Wang, et al. “Echocardiographic risk stratification for early surgery with endocarditis: a cost-effectiveness analysis.” Heart 94, no. 5 (May 2008): e18. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2006.106716.
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  - Petti, Cathy A., Keith E. Simmon, Jose M. Miro, Bruno Hoen, Francesc Marco, Vivian H. Chu, Eugene Athan, et al. “Genotypic diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci causing endocarditis: a global perspective.” J Clin Microbiol 46, no. 5 (May 2008): 1780–84. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02405-07.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., Christopher W. Woods, Jose M. Miro, Bruno Hoen, Christopher H. Cabell, Paul A. Pappas, Jerome Federspiel, et al. “Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a cause of native valve endocarditis.” Clin Infect Dis 46, no. 2 (January 15, 2008): 232–42. https://doi.org/10.1086/524666.
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  - Lalani, Tahaniyat, Vivian H. Chu, Chelsea A. Grussemeyer, Shelby D. Reed, Michael P. Bolognesi, Joelle Y. Friedman, Robert I. Griffiths, et al. “Clinical outcomes and costs among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and orthopedic device infections.” Scand J Infect Dis 40, no. 11–12 (2008): 973–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365540802245146.
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  - Morpeth, Susan, David Murdoch, Christopher H. Cabell, Adolf W. Karchmer, Paul Pappas, Donald Levine, Francisco Nacinovich, et al. “Non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis.” Ann Intern Med 147, no. 12 (December 18, 2007): 829–35. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-12-200712180-00002.
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  - Stryjewski, Martin E., Russell P. Hall, Vivian H. Chu, Zeina A. Kanafani, William D. O’Riordan, Michael S. Weinstock, R Scott Stienecker, et al. “Expression of antimicrobial peptides in the normal and involved skin of patients with infective cellulitis.” J Infect Dis 196, no. 9 (November 1, 2007): 1425–30. https://doi.org/10.1086/522630.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., and Arnold S. Bayer. “Use of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis.” Curr Infect Dis Rep 9, no. 4 (July 2007): 283–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-007-0044-x.
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  - Aksoy, Olcay, Daniel J. Sexton, Andrew Wang, Paul A. Pappas, Wissam Kourany, Vivian Chu, Vance G. Fowler, et al. “Early surgery in patients with infective endocarditis: a propensity score analysis.” Clin Infect Dis 44, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 364–72. https://doi.org/10.1086/510583.
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  - Stryjewski, Martin E., Lynda A. Szczech, Daniel K. Benjamin, Jula K. Inrig, Zeina A. Kanafani, John J. Engemann, Vivian H. Chu, et al. “Use of vancomycin or first-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.” Clin Infect Dis 44, no. 2 (January 15, 2007): 190–96. https://doi.org/10.1086/510386.
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  - Lalani, T., Z. A. Kanafani, V. H. Chu, L. Moore, G. R. Corey, P. Pappas, C. W. Woods, et al. “Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci: findings from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database.” Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 25, no. 6 (June 2006): 365–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-006-0141-z.
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  - Stryjewski, Martin E., Vivian H. Chu, William D. O’Riordan, Brian L. Warren, Lala M. Dunbar, David M. Young, Marc Vallée, et al. “Telavancin versus standard therapy for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria: FAST 2 study.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50, no. 3 (March 2006): 862–67. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.50.3.862-867.2006.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., David R. Crosslin, Joelle Y. Friedman, Shelby D. Reed, Christopher H. Cabell, Robert I. Griffiths, Leah E. Masselink, et al. “Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with prosthetic devices: costs and outcomes.” Am J Med 118, no. 12 (December 2005): 1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.011.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., Daniel J. Sexton, Christopher H. Cabell, L Barth Reller, Paul A. Pappas, Rakesh K. Singh, Vance G. Fowler, G Ralph Corey, Olcay Aksoy, and Christopher W. Woods. “Repeat infective endocarditis: differentiating relapse from reinfection.” Clin Infect Dis 41, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 406–9. https://doi.org/10.1086/431590.
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  - Shah, Pramod M. “Classification of community-acquired endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.” Clin Infect Dis 40, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 1704. https://doi.org/10.1086/430174.
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  - Stryjewski, Martin E., William D. O’Riordan, William K. Lau, Francis D. Pien, Lala M. Dunbar, Marc Vallee, Vance G. Fowler, et al. “Telavancin versus standard therapy for treatment of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections due to gram-positive bacteria.” Clin Infect Dis 40, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 1601–7. https://doi.org/10.1086/429914.
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  - El-Ahdab, Fadi, Daniel Kelly Benjamin, Andrew Wang, Christopher H. Cabell, Vivian H. Chu, Martin E. Stryjewski, G Ralph Corey, Daniel J. Sexton, L Barth Reller, and Vance G. Fowler. “Risk of endocarditis among patients with prosthetic valves and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.” Am J Med 118, no. 3 (March 2005): 225–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.12.017.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., Christopher H. Cabell, Elias Abrutyn, G Ralph Corey, Bruno Hoen, Jose M. Miro, Lars Olaison, et al. “Native valve endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci: report of 99 episodes from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database.” Clin Infect Dis 39, no. 10 (November 15, 2004): 1527–30. https://doi.org/10.1086/424878.
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  - Chu, V. H., C. H. Cabell, D. K. Benjamin, E. F. Kuniholm, V. G. Fowler, J. Engemann, D. J. Sexton, G. R. Corey, and A. Wang. “Infective endocarditis: Should diabetic patients be treated more aggressively? Response.” Circulation 110, no. 7 (August 17, 2004): E72–E72.
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  - Stryjewski, Martin E., Vivian H. Chu, Christopher H. Cabell, and Vance G. Fowler. “Issues in the Management of Endocarditis Caused by Resistant Gram-positive Organisms.” Curr Infect Dis Rep 6, no. 4 (August 2004): 283–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-004-0049-7.
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  - Chu, Vivian H., Christopher H. Cabell, Daniel K. Benjamin, Erin F. Kuniholm, Vance G. Fowler, John Engemann, Daniel J. Sexton, G Ralph Corey, and Andrew Wang. “Early predictors of in-hospital death in infective endocarditis.” Circulation 109, no. 14 (April 13, 2004): 1745–49. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000124719.61827.7F.
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  - Cabell, Christopher H., Paul A. Heidenreich, Vivian H. Chu, Christopher M. Moore, Martin E. Stryjewski, G Ralph Corey, and Vance G. Fowler. “Increasing rates of cardiac device infections among Medicare beneficiaries: 1990-1999.” Am Heart J 147, no. 4 (April 2004): 582–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2003.06.005.
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- Book Sections
  - Chu, V. H. “HACEK.” In Clinical Infectious Disease, Second Edition, 904–6, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139855952.156.
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  - Chu, V. H., and D. J. Sexton. “Hacek.” In Clinical Infectious Disease, 965–68, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511722240.136.
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- Conference Papers
  - Fosbøl, Emil L., Lawrence P. Park, Vivian H. Chu, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, et al. “The association between vegetation size and surgical treatment on 6-month mortality in left-sided infective endocarditis.” In Eur Heart J, 40:2243–51, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz204.
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  - Thornhill, Martin H., Teresa B. Gibson, Eli Cutler, Mark J. Dayer, Vivian H. Chu, Peter B. Lockhart, Patrick T. O’Gara, and Larry M. Baddour. “Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prescribing and Infective Endocarditis Incidence: Impact of the American Heart Association's 2007 Recommendations.” In Circulation, Vol. 138, 2018.
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  - Hannan, M. M., R. Xie, J. A. Cowger, S. Schueler, Tm De By, A. I. Dipchand, V. H. Chu, et al. “The Epidemiology of Infection in MCS from the IMACS Database: January 2013 to December 2015.” In Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 36:S27–S27. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2017.
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  - Delahaye, F., V. H. Chu, B. Hoen, C. A. Mestres, P. Pappas, M. Santos, and A. Wang. “Association between type of valve prosthesis and one year mortality in IE: an analysis of 1467 patients from the International collaboration on endocarditis prospective cohort study.” In European Heart Journal, 34:861–62. OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2013.
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  - Barsic, B., V. H. Chu, V. Krajinovic, I. Rudez, D. Raffanelli, J. Vincelj, and A. Wang. “THE IMPACT OF VALVE SURGERY ON MORTALITY IN INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS COMPLICATED WITH EMBOLIC STROKE: A PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS.” In International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 41:S29–S29. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2013.
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  - Barsic, B., V. H. Chu, V. Krajinovic, I. Rudez, D. Raffanelli, J. Vincelj, and G. R. Corey. “OUTCOME OF EARLY VALVE SURGERY COMPARED TO MEDICAL TREATMENT IN INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS COMPLICATED WITH EMBOLIC STROKE.” In International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 41:S29–S29. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2013.
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  - Athan, E., V. H. Chu, P. Tattevin, C. Selton-Suty, P. Jones, C. Naber, J. M. Miró, et al. “SY.3.1 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOME OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS INVOLVING IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEVICES.” In International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 41:S3–S3. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70010-4.
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  - Dayer, M., M. H. Thornhill, J. M. Forde, G. R. Corey, V. H. Chu, D. J. Couper, and P. B. Lockhart. “No significant increase in the incidence of infective endocarditis following the cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures.” In European Heart Journal, 31:467–467. OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2010.
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  - Fortes, C Querido, V. H. Chu, NR Querido Fortes, and R. R. Luiz. “009 CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCAL, AND ENTEROCOCCAL NATIVE VALVE ENDOCARDITIS AT INITIAL CLINICAL EVALUATION.” In International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 33:S3–4. Elsevier BV, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70028-7.
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  - Chu, V. H., H. Cabell, J. Y. Friedman, S. D. Reed, R. I. Griffiths, K. S. Kaye, D. R. Crosslin, et al. “The clinical and economic impact of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with cardiovascular devices.” In Circulation, 110:566–566. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2004.
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Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
Advising & Mentoring
- Dr. Chu is the co-director of the 3^rd year Duke medical student Clinical Research Study Program (CRSP). This program oversees the clinical research experience of ~10-20 year medical students per year. The program provides mentorship, didactics, and ensures that students actively engage in a specific research project with the goal of a manuscript acceptable for peer-review.
  
  As the Associate Director of Education for Duke’s Clinical and Translational Sciences Award (CTSA) program (U54) 2013 – 2018, Dr. Chu is working to develop educational and career development programs to enhance the success and productivity of clinical/translational researchers.
  
  Dr. Chu is program director of the North Carolina Collaborative Summer Research Experience Program, an 8-week summer program to engage high school students and undergraduates in clinical research and career development in the health sciences. This is funded through the NIH (R25) 2013-2018.
  
  Dr. Chu is also the faculty director for the Duke Clinical Research Undergraduate Experience (dCRUE) which is a weekly dinner lecture series that exposes Duke University undergraduates to clinical and translational research.

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Education, Training, & Certifications

Previous Appointments & Affiliations

Awards & Honors

Selected Grants

External Relationships

Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Book Sections

Conference Papers

Recent Courses

Advising & Mentoring