Scholars@Duke
Emmanuel Benjamin Walter Jr.

Emmanuel Benjamin Walter Jr.

Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatrics, General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health
walte002@mc.duke.edu
27 Alexandria Way, Suite 100, RTP Box 106008, Durham, NC 27713
27 Alexandria Way, Suite 100, RTP Box 106008, Durham, NC 27713

Featured Works

Phase 2 assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of two inactivated pandemic monovalent H1N1 vaccines in adults as a component of the U.S. pandemic preparedness plan in 2009.

Journal article Vaccine · June 13, 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The influenza A/H1N1 pandemic in 2009 created an urgent need to develop vaccines for mass immunization. To guide decisions regarding the optimal immunization dosage and schedule for adults, we evaluated two monovalent, inactivated, unadjuvanted ... Full text Link to item Cite

Healthy-days time equivalents for outcomes of acute rotavirus infections.

Journal article Vaccine · October 19, 2011 Featured Publication Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Health-state utility measures used in economic evaluations of rotavirus vaccines do not reflect differences between mild and severe symptoms of rotavirus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Broadly neutralizing human antibody that recognizes the receptor-binding pocket of influenza virus hemagglutinin.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 23, 2011 Featured Publication Seasonal antigenic drift of circulating influenza virus leads to a requirement for frequent changes in vaccine composition, because exposure or vaccination elicits human antibodies with limited cross-neutralization of drifted strains. We describe a human m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) administered by intradermal and intramuscular route in healthy adults.

Journal article Vaccine · August 5, 2011 Featured Publication The aim of the study was to determine whether reduced doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) administered by the intradermal (ID) route generated similar immune responses to standard TIV given intramuscularly (IM) with comparable safety pro ... Full text Link to item Cite

The HPV vaccine: are dosing recommendations being followed?

Journal article Vaccine · March 21, 2011 Featured Publication The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of females who after initiating the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series, both completed it and completed it on-time, as well as to examine factors associated with series completion and on-time c ... Full text Link to item Cite

The National Children's Study in North Carolina: a study of the effect of the environment on children's health, growth, and development.

Journal article N C Med J · 2011 Featured Publication The National Children's Study, a longitudinal cohort study exploring relationships among broadly defined environmental exposures and children's health, is assessing whether these exposures are harmful, harmless, or helpful. The study is presently underway ... Link to item Cite

H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination.

Journal article PLoS One · 2011 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: During the recent H1N1 influenza pandemic, excess morbidity and mortality was seen in young but not older adults suggesting that prior infection with influenza strains may have protected older subjects. In contrast, a history of recent seasonal ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational and a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in children 2-10 years of age.

Journal article Vaccine · November 23, 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Routine administration of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine to adolescents and certain high risk groups is recommended in the United States and Canada. We compared the immunogenicity and safety of an investigational quadrivalent meni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influenza vaccination of household contacts of newborns: a hospital-based strategy to increase vaccination rates.

Journal article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · October 2010 Featured Publication We implemented a hospital-based influenza vaccination program for household contacts of newborns. Among mothers not vaccinated prenatally, 44.7% were vaccinated through the program, as were 25.7% of fathers. A hospital-based program provided opportunities ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) immunogenicity in children 6 through 23 months of age: do children of all ages respond equally?

Journal article Vaccine · June 17, 2010 Featured Publication We assessed the effect of age on immunogenicity to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) by comparing the immune responses to influenza vaccine antigens among three age cohorts of vaccine-naïve children aged 6-11 months, 12-17 months, and 18-23 mon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in infants: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · February 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Infants less than 6 months of age are at high risk for influenza disease and influenza-related complications, but no vaccine is licensed for this population. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1375 he ... Full text Link to item Cite

Burden of childhood rotavirus disease on health systems in the United States.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · February 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: To determine the burden of rotavirus disease before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. METHODS: From February 2005 to June 2006, prospective rotavirus surveillance was conducted in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Durham, North Carolina. Children < 5 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine given to two-month-old children: an off-season pilot study.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · December 2009 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Although children less than 6 months of age have the highest risk for hospitalization related to influenza infection, influenza vaccine is not approved for these children. METHODS: In an open-label, off-season study, healthy 6 to 12 week and 6- ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-throughput isolation of immunoglobulin genes from single human B cells and expression as monoclonal antibodies.

Journal article J Virol Methods · June 2009 Featured Publication Defining human B cell repertoires to viral pathogens is critical for design of vaccines that induce broadly protective antibodies to infections such as HIV-1 and influenza. Single B cell sorting and cloning of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy- and light-chain var ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of rotavirus gastroenteritis on the family.

Journal article BMC Pediatr · February 6, 2009 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Although the clinical aspects have been well described, little information is available regarding the emotional, social, and eco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cocooning infants: Tdap immunization for new parents in the pediatric office.

Journal article Acad Pediatr · 2009 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Vaccination with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) is recommended for adults who have close contact with infants aged <12 months to protect young infants from infection due to Bordetella pertussis. This st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine given with or without aluminum hydroxide to healthy adults: results of a phase I-II randomized clinical trial.

Journal article J Infect Dis · November 1, 2008 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Dose-sparing strategies are being explored for vaccines against pandemic influenza. We evaluated the dose-sparing potential of aluminum hydroxide (AlOH) adjuvant. METHODS: A total of 600 healthy subjects (age, 18-49 years) were randomized to re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Large injection site reactions after a second dose of varicella vaccine.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · August 2008 Featured Publication A second dose of varicella vaccine is routinely recommended. We report 2 cases of large local reactions after receipt of a second dose of varicella vaccine administered in the thigh. The reactions resolved with symptomatic therapy. Clinicians should contin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunogenicity, safety and consistency of new trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.

Journal article Vaccine · July 29, 2008 Featured Publication To augment the available influenza vaccine supply, a phase III study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and consistency of a new trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine manufactured by CSL Limited. Healthy adults (ages 18-64) were random ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of VAQTA given concomitantly versus nonconcomitantly with other pediatric vaccines in healthy 12-month-old children.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · October 2006 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to assess whether hepatitis A vaccine is immunogenic and well tolerated when administered to 12-month-old children alone or concomitantly with other routinely administered pediatric vaccines. METHODS: Six hundred ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunization with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in partially immunized toddlers.

Journal article Pediatrics · September 2006 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Children > or = 6 months of age who have previously received 1 dose of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine are recommended to be given an additional single trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine dose the following fall. Limited data exist d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influenza vaccine immunogenicity in 6- to 23-month-old children: are identical antigens necessary for priming?

Journal article Pediatrics · September 2006 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: Immunoprophylaxis with influenza vaccine is the primary method for reducing the effect of influenza on children, and inactivated influenza vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective in children. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Pract ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of 2 influenza vaccine schedules in 6- to 23-month-old children.

Journal article Pediatrics · April 2005 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) is recommended for all children ages 6 to 23 months. Delivering 2 doses of TIV at least 4 weeks apart to young children receiving this vaccine for the first time is challenging. METHODS: We compared ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy infants of G1 and G2 human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in a new stabilizer/buffer liquid formulation.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · October 2003 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: A refrigerator-stable rotavirus (RV) vaccine that withstands gastric acid is anticipated to permit more widespread use of RV vaccine. OBJECTIVE: We investigated for the first time in infants an oral, liquid formulation of G1 and G2 human bovine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Partial uptake of varicella vaccine and the epidemiological effect on varicella disease in 11 day-care centers in North Carolina.

Journal article Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · April 2001 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The increasing use of varicella vaccine in children attending day care has rapidly decreased the incidence of wild-type varicella disease. The herd immunity noted is significant and will have an effect on the epidemiology of natural varicella. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postlicensure study of varicella vaccine effectiveness in a day-care setting.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · December 1999 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Varicella vaccine has been licensed for use in the United States since the spring of 1995. The acceptance of the vaccine and its effect on varicella incidence in children is important. AIM: To document the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Concurrent administration of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine with immune globulin in healthy adults.

Journal article Vaccine · March 17, 1999 Featured Publication 301 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to one of three treatment groups: inactivated hepatitis A vaccine alone; inactivated hepatitis A vaccine with immune globulin (Ig) concurrently; or Ig alone. The first two treatment groups received a second dose ... Full text Link to item Cite

Over five-year follow-up of Oka/Merck varicella vaccine recipients in 465 infants and adolescents.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · October 1995 Featured Publication A total of 465 healthy infants and adolescents ages 12 months to 17 years without a known history of varicella or recent exposure to varicella-zoster virus VZV were immunized with live attenuated Oka/Merck varicella vaccine from November, 1984, through Apr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influenza A vaccine decreases the incidence of otitis media in 6- to 30-month-old children in day care.

Journal article Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · October 1995 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of influenza vaccine in children in day care decreases the incidence of otitis media during the influenza season. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Eight day-care centers in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: One hund ... Full text Link to item Cite