Scholars@Duke
Walter T Lee

Walter T Lee

Professor of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences
Head & Neck Surgical Oncology
walter.lee@duke.edu
Duke South Yellow Zone 4000, DUMC Box 3805, Durham, NC 27710
40 Medicine Circle, DUMC Box 3805, Durham, NC 27710

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Comparison of ENLYT®, a Portable Flexible Nasopharyngoscope, with the Standard of Care Nasopharyngoscope.

Journal article Surg Innov · December 2025 ObjectivesThis study seeks to compare a newly developed portable flexible nasopharyngoscope (ENLYT®) to the standard of care (SOC) flexible nasopharyngoscope.MethodsSubjects were consented to undergo a nasopharyngeal scope exam using ENLYT® after SOC nasop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of a Preliminary Artificial Intelligence-Based Laryngeal Cancer Screening Framework for Low-Resource Settings: Development and Validation Study.

Journal article JMIR Form Res · October 7, 2025 BACKGROUND: Early-stage diagnosis of laryngeal cancer significantly improves patient survival and quality of life. However, the scarcity of specialists in low-resource settings hinders the timely review of flexible nasopharyngoscopy (FNS) videos, which are ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Role of Sleep Apnea in Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders Among Older Noncardiac Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal article Anesth Analg · January 1, 2025 BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased dementia risk, yet its role in postoperative neurocognitive disorders is unclear. Here, we studied whether the severity of untreated obstructive sleep apnea is associated with the severity of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Plasmonics-enhanced spikey nanorattle-based biosensor for direct SERS detection of mRNA cancer biomarkers.

Journal article Anal Bioanal Chem · December 2024 We present a plasmonics-enhanced spikey nanorattle-based biosensor for direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of mRNA cancer biomarkers. Early detection of cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is critical for imp ... Full text Link to item Cite

A prognostic model for use before elective surgery to estimate the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (GSU-Pulmonary Score): a development and validation study in three international cohorts.

Journal article Lancet Digit Health · July 2024 BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications are the most common cause of death after surgery. This study aimed to derive and externally validate a novel prognostic model that can be used before elective surgery to estimate the risk of postoperative pulmonary compl ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Caution About Good Intentions and Where It May Lead.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · June 2024 Implementing Artificial Intelligence in medicine is revolutionizing how medicine is practiced. It has much promise in bringing about improved clinical outcomes and efficiency while decreasing costs. There are also concerns and unintended consequences that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Building a Culture of Leadership Development.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · May 2024 Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating research ethics committees in Vietnam and Laos: Results of a validated self-assessment tool.

Journal article PLoS One · 2024 BACKGROUND: There is an increase in human subject research in developing countries and conducting them in an ethical manner depends on the research ethics oversight in these countries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the operational, financial, an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deep-Learning-Based Screening and Ancillary Testing for Thyroid Cytopathology.

Journal article Am J Pathol · September 2023 Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine tumor. The key test to assess preoperative risk of malignancy is cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs). The evaluation findings can often be indeterminate, leading to unnecessa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lateral neck dissection surgeon volume and complications in head and neck endocrine malignancy.

Journal article Gland Surg · July 31, 2023 BACKGROUND: Increased surgeon volume is associated with decreased complications for many surgeries, including thyroidectomy. We sought to use two national databases to assess for associations between surgeon volume and complications in patients undergoing ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thyroid Cytopathology Cancer Diagnosis from Smartphone Images Using Machine Learning.

Journal article Mod Pathol · June 2023 We examined the performance of deep learning models on the classification of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies using microscope images captured in 2 ways: with a high-resolution scanner and with a mobile phone camera. Our training set consisted of im ... Full text Link to item Cite

International Collaboration Trends in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Bibliometric Scoping Review.

Journal article JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · June 1, 2023 IMPORTANCE: Research in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) in the global health setting, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is increasing year by year. As this work progresses, it will be crucial to include voices and per ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Clinical Study to Assess Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy with an Auto-Calibrated, Pressure-Sensing Optical Probe in Head and Neck Cancer.

Journal article Curr Oncol · February 24, 2023 Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a powerful tool for quantifying optical and physiological tissue properties such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation and vascularity. DRS is increasingly used clinically for distinguishing cancerous lesions from normal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Octreotide may improve pharyngocutaneous fistula healing through downregulation of cystatins: A pilot study.

Journal article Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol · February 2023 BACKGROUND: Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) and salivary leaks are well known complications of head and neck surgery. The medical management of PCF has included the use of octreotide without a well-defined understanding of its therapeutic mechanism. We hyp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Machine learning using convolutional neural networks for SERS analysis of biomarkers in medical diagnostics.

Journal article J Raman Spectrosc · December 2022 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has wide diagnostic applications because of narrow spectral features that allow multiplexed analysis. Machine learning (ML) has been used for non-dye-labeled SERS spectra but has not been applied to SERS dye-label ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postoperative changes in cognition and cerebrospinal fluid neurodegenerative disease biomarkers.

Journal article Ann Clin Transl Neurol · February 2022 OBJECTIVE: Numerous investigators have theorized that postoperative changes in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may underlie postoperative neurocognitive disorders. Thus, we determined the relationship between postoperative changes in cognition and cereb ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Southeast Asian collaborative Delphi consensus on surveying risk factors for head and neck cancer screening and prevention.

Journal article Glob Surg · 2022 The objective of this study was to determine high value questions for early detection and prevention of head and neck cancer by querying content experts on patient risk factors relevant to local communities in Southeast Asia (i.e., Vietnam, Laos, China, an ... Open Access Link to item Cite

Surgeon Volume and Complications in Lateral Neck Dissection for Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multidatabase Analysis.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · December 2021 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether annual surgeon volume of lateral neck dissections for squamous cell carcinoma is associated with complication rates. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Two US databases spanning 2000 to 2014. METHODS: Neck dissecti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidence and Risk of Suicide Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer in Rural, Urban, and Metropolitan Areas.

Journal article JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · December 1, 2021 IMPORTANCE: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are known to be at increased risk of suicide compared with the general population, but there has been insufficient research on whether this risk differs based on patients' rural, urban, or metropolitan r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perioperative neurocognitive and functional neuroimaging trajectories in older APOE4 carriers compared with non-carriers: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Journal article Br J Anaesth · December 2021 BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction after surgery is a major issue in older adults. Here, we determined the effect of APOE4 on perioperative neurocognitive function in older patients. METHODS: We enrolled 140 English-speaking patients ≥60 yr old scheduled fo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Death following pulmonary complications of surgery before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Journal article Br J Surg · December 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the impact of pulmonary complications on death after surgery both before and during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. METHODS: This was a patient-level, comparative analysis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Head and neck cancer research collaborations between the United States and low- and middle-income countries: 10-year publication analysis.

Journal article Head Neck · August 2021 BACKGROUND: Disparities exist for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients between those in developed countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To improve HNC care globally, collaborations between the United States and LMICs have been established. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ipilimumab and Radiation in Patients with High-risk Resected or Regionally Advanced Melanoma.

Journal article Clin Cancer Res · March 1, 2021 PURPOSE: In this prospective trial, we sought to assess the feasibility of concurrent administration of ipilimumab and radiation as adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or definitive therapy in patients with regionally advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-fou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunomodulatory lipid mediator profiling of cerebrospinal fluid following surgery in older adults.

Journal article Sci Rep · February 4, 2021 Arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) derived lipids play key roles in initiating and resolving inflammation. Neuro-inflammation is thought to play a causal role in perioperative neurocognitive disorders, yet th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Changes in Older Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · 2021 BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a syndrome of cognitive deficits occurring 1-12 months after surgery primarily in older patients, is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. POCD is hypothesized to result from neuroinflammation; ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Analysis of Self- and 360-Evaluation Scores of the Professionalism Intelligence Model Within an Academic Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department.

Journal article J Healthc Leadersh · 2021 PURPOSE: To analyze self and 360-evaluation scores of the professionalism intelligence model domains within an academic Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department. METHODS: A leadership course was introduced within the Department of Head and Neck Surg ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasmonic assay for amplification-free cancer biomarkers detection in clinical tissue samples.

Journal article Anal Chim Acta · December 1, 2020 Developing countries have seen a rise in cancer incidence and are projected to harbor three-quarters of all cancer-related mortality by 2030. While disproportionally affected by the burden of cancer, these regions are ill-equipped to handle the diagnostic ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of lateral neck dissection on complication rate for total thyroidectomy.

Journal article Am J Otolaryngol · 2020 PURPOSE: To determine the complication profile for total thyroidectomy with and without concomitant lateral neck dissection using a large administrative database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The IBM MarketScan® Commercial Database (2010-2014) analytic cohort wa ... Full text Link to item Cite

The MARBLE Study Protocol: Modulating ApoE Signaling to Reduce Brain Inflammation, DeLirium, and PostopErative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · 2020 BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are common complications in older adults associated with increased 1-year mortality and long-term cognitive decline. One risk factor for worsened long-term postoperative cognitive trajectory is the A ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Development of a Surgical Video Atlas for Resident Education: 3-Year Experience.

Journal article OTO Open · 2020 OBJECTIVE: To create a high-quality annotated online surgical video atlas of key indicator otolaryngology cases and assess its use and overall journal trends over time. METHODS: Videos are recorded from multiple viewpoints within the operating room and com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Flow Cytometry Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Monocytes in Patients With Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: A Pilot Study.

Journal article Anesth Analg · November 2019 Animal models suggest postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be caused by brain monocyte influx. To study this in humans, we developed a flow cytometry panel to profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected before and after major noncardiac surgery ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The INTUIT Study: Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal article J Am Geriatr Soc · April 2019 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Every year, up to 40% of the more than 16 million older Americans who undergo anesthesia/surgery develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or delirium. Each of these distinct syndromes is associated with decreased quality of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Longitudinal evaluation of quality of life in Laryngeal Cancer patients treated with surgery.

Journal article Int J Surg · October 2018 BACKGROUND: There is insufficient prospective data on quality of life outcomes for laryngeal cancer patients undergoing surgery, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This limits clinical and patient decision-making, and survivorship expectations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Author Correction: Rapid Nanophotonics Assay for Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis.

Journal article Sci Rep · August 23, 2018 A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Is Not a Sentinel Event for Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Journal article Otol Neurotol · August 2018 OBJECTIVE: Given ongoing debate about the suggested association, the primary objective was to determine if idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) was a sentinel event for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in adults. STUDY DESIGN: Case-contro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid Nanophotonics Assay for Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis.

Journal article Sci Rep · July 30, 2018 Efficient and timely diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a critical challenge, particularly in low and middle income countries. These regions, which are expected to witness a drastic increase in HNSCC rates, are ill-prepared to ha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Associations between expression levels of nucleotide excision repair proteins in lymphoblastoid cells and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Journal article Mol Carcinog · June 2018 Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) is involved in SCCHN susceptibility. In this analysis of 349 newly diagnosed SCCHN patients and 295 cancer-free controls ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Does the number of sentinel lymph nodes removed affect the false negative rate for head and neck melanoma?

Journal article J Surg Oncol · June 2018 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Head and neck (HN) cutaneous melanoma is associated with worse disease-free survival compared to non-HN cutaneous melanoma, possibly due to inadequate staging. We aim to determine if a higher yield of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing effects of pressure on tumor and normal tissue physiology using an automated self-calibrated, pressure-sensing probe for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Journal article J Biomed Opt · May 2018 Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) represents a quantitative, noninvasive, nondestructive means of assessing vascular oxygenation, vascularity, and structural properties. However, it is known that such measurements can be influenced by the effects of p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Solar-powered hearing aids for children with impaired hearing in Vietnam: a pilot study.

Journal article Paediatr Int Child Health · February 2018 BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is a barrier to speech and social and cognitive development. This can be especially pronounced in children living in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources. AIM: To determine the feasibility, durability and social ... Full text Link to item Cite

Distinct Angiogenic Changes during Carcinogenesis Defined by Novel Label-Free Dark-Field Imaging in a Hamster Cheek Pouch Model.

Journal article Cancer Res · December 15, 2017 There remain gaps in knowledge concerning how vascular morphology evolves during carcinogenesis. In this study, we imaged neovascularization by label-free dark-field microscopy of a 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster cheek pouch model of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Squamous Cell Carcinoma DNA Detection Using Ultrabright SERS Nanorattles and Magnetic Beads for Head and Neck Cancer Molecular Diagnostics.

Journal article Anal Methods · October 7, 2017 A rise in head and neck cancers in low and middle countries over recent years has prompted the need for low-cost, resource-efficient diagnostic technologies. Standard diagnosis with histopathology is often not feasible due to the low number of trained path ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced mRNA expression of nucleotide excision repair genes in lymphocytes and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Journal article Carcinogenesis · May 1, 2017 Nucleotide excision repair (NER) plays a critical role in the development of smoking-related cancers. We hypothesize that mRNA expression levels of NER genes are associated with risk of the squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). To test this hyp ... Full text Link to item Cite

CHEER National Study of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Practice Patterns: Disease Comorbidities and Factors Associated with Surgery.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · April 2017 Objectives (1) Describe national patterns of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) care across academic and community practices. (2) Determine the prevalence of comorbid disorders in CRS patients, including nasal polyposis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and cystic fib ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microbiomic differences in tumor and paired-normal tissue in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Journal article Genome Med · February 7, 2017 BACKGROUND: While the role of the gut microbiome in inflammation and colorectal cancers has received much recent attention, there are few data to support an association between the oral microbiome and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Prior investiga ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative Frontal Alpha-Band Power Correlates with Preoperative Neurocognitive Function in Older Adults.

Journal article Front Syst Neurosci · 2017 Each year over 16 million older Americans undergo general anesthesia for surgery, and up to 40% develop postoperative delirium and/or cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Delirium and POCD are each associated with decreased quality of life, early retirement, incr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Quantifying the Dynamics of Field Cancerization in Tobacco-Related Head and Neck Cancer: A Multiscale Modeling Approach.

Journal article Cancer Res · December 15, 2016 High rates of local recurrence in tobacco-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are commonly attributed to unresected fields of precancerous tissue. Because they are not easily detectable at the time of surgery without additional biopsies, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Oxygen and Perfusion Kinetics in Response to Fractionated Radiation Therapy in FaDu Head and Neck Cancer Xenografts Are Related to Treatment Outcome.

Journal article Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · October 1, 2016 PURPOSE: To test whether oxygenation kinetics correlate with the likelihood for local tumor control after fractionated radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We used diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to noninvasively measure tumor vascular oxygenation an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does an Otolaryngology-Specific Database Have Added Value? A Comparative Feasibility Analysis.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · July 2016 OBJECTIVES: There are multiple nationally representative databases that support epidemiologic and outcomes research, and it is unknown whether an otolaryngology-specific resource would prove indispensable or superfluous. Therefore, our objective was to det ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tonsillectomy Bleed Rates across the CHEER Practice Research Network: Pursuing Guideline Adherence and Quality Improvement.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · July 2016 OBJECTIVES: (1) Compare postoperative bleeding in the CHEER network (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) among age groups, diagnoses, and practice types. (2) Report the incidence of bleeding by individual CHEER practice site base ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variation in the Use of Vestibular Diagnostic Testing for Patients Presenting to Otolaryngology Clinics with Dizziness.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · July 2016 OBJECTIVE: We used a national otolaryngology practice-based research network database to characterize the utilization of vestibular function testing in patients diagnosed with dizziness and/or a vestibular disorder. STUDY DESIGN: Database review. SETTING: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thyroid Disease and Surgery in CHEER: The Nation's Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Practice-Based Network.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · July 2016 OBJECTIVES: (1) Describe thyroid-related diagnoses and procedures in Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research (CHEER) across academic and community sites. (2) Compare management of malignant thyroid disease across these sites. (3) Prov ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ménière's Disease: A CHEER Database Study of Local and Regional Patient Encounter and Procedure Patterns.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · July 2016 OBJECTIVE: (1) Integrate practice-based patient encounters using the Dartmouth Atlas Medicare database to understand practice treatments for Ménière's disease (MD). (2) Describe differences in the practice patterns between academic and community providers ... Full text Link to item Cite

[(99m)Tc]Tilmanocept Accurately Detects Sentinel Lymph Nodes and Predicts Node Pathology Status in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Results of a Phase III Multi-institutional Trial.

Journal article Ann Surg Oncol · October 2015 BACKGROUND: [(99m)Tc]Tilmanocept, a novel CD206 receptor-targeted radiopharmaceutical, was evaluated in an open-label, phase III trial to determine the false negative rate (FNR) of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) relative to the pathologic nodal status i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of the Clinical Utility of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing in Elderly Patients.

Journal article Otol Neurotol · August 2015 OBJECTIVES: To assess whether patient age or sex was predictive of a bilaterally absent cervical or ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP or oVEMP). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary center. PATIENTS: Patients presenti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gene Expression Profile of Dendritic Cell-Tumor Cell Hybrids Determined by Microarrays and Its Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Journal article J Immunol Res · 2015 BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell- (DC-) tumor fusion cells stimulate effective in vivo antitumor responses. However, therapeutic approaches are dependent upon the coadministration of exogenous 3rd signals. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism ... Full text Link to item Cite

The promise of a profession lies within us.

Journal article Bull Am Coll Surg · October 2014 Link to item Cite

Physician and Patient and Caregiver Health Attitudes and Their Effect on Medicare Resource Allocation for Patients With Advanced Cancer.

Journal article JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · June 2014 IMPORTANCE: Physicians must participate in end-of-life discussions, but they understand poorly their patients' end-of-life values and preferences. A better understanding of these preferences and the effect of baseline attitudes will improve end-of-life dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

PET/CT for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer—Uses and Updates for Radiologists

Journal article Current Radiology Reports · May 14, 2014 Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) is commonly used in the staging and restaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review paper we discuss the scenarios in which PET/CT that can affect the management of HNSCC ... Full text Cite

Effect of physician perspective on allocation of Medicare resources for patients with advanced cancer.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · May 2014 OBJECTIVES: To assess how physician perspective (perspective of patient vs perspective of physician) affects Medicare resource allocation for patients with advanced cancer and compare physician allocations with actual cancer patient and caregiver allocatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physician knowledge of and attitudes toward the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · February 2014 OBJECTIVE: To assess otolaryngology physician knowledge of and attitudes toward the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and compare the association of bias toward the PPACA with knowledge of the provisions of the PPACA. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-s ... Full text Link to item Cite

FoxP3 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase immunoreactivity in sentinel nodes from melanoma patients.

Journal article Am J Otolaryngol · 2014 OBJECTIVE: 1) Assess FoxP3/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase immunoreactivity in head and neck melanoma sentinel lymph nodes and 2) correlate FoxP3/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase with sentinel lymph node metastasis and clinical recurrence. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospecti ... Full text Link to item Cite

An analysis of registered clinical trials in otolaryngology from 2007 to 2010: ClinicalTrials.gov.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · November 2013 OBJECTIVE: To describe the conditions studied, interventions used, study characteristics, and funding sources of otolaryngology clinical trials from the ClinicalTrials.gov database; compare this otolaryngology cohort of interventional studies to clinical v ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical Training and Education in Promoting Professionalism: a comparative assessment of virtue-based leadership development in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents.

Journal article Med Educ Online · October 29, 2013 INTRODUCTION: Surgical Training and Education in Promoting Professionalism (STEPP) was developed in 2011 to train tomorrow's leaders during residency. It is based on virtue ethics and takes an approach similar to West Point military academy. The purpose of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physician allocation of Medicare resources for patients with advanced cancer.

Journal article J Palliat Med · August 2013 BACKGROUND: Little is known about what patients and physicians value in end-of-life care, or how these groups would craft a health plan for those with advanced cancer. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to assess how otolaryngology, head and neck surgery ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody on dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine efficacy in a murine melanoma model.

Journal article J Transl Med · June 17, 2013 BACKGROUND: A promising cancer vaccine involves the fusion of tumor cells with dendritic cells (DCs). As such, a broad spectrum of both known and unidentified tumor antigens is presented to the immune system in the context of the potent immunostimulatory c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid determination of oxygen saturation and vascularity for cancer detection.

Journal article PLoS One · 2013 A rapid heuristic ratiometric analysis for estimating tissue hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation from measured tissue diffuse reflectance spectra is presented. The analysis was validated in tissue-mimicking phantoms and applied to clinical measu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical Training and Education in Promoting Professionalism: a comparative assessment of virtue-based leadership development in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents.

Journal article Med Educ Online · January 2013 Introduction Surgical Training and Education in Promoting Professionalism (STEPP) was developed in 2011 to train tomorrow's leaders during residency. It is based on virtue ethics and takes an approach similar to West Point military academy. The purpose of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Utility of Intraoperative Frozen Sections during Thyroid Surgery.

Journal article Int J Otolaryngol · 2013 Objective. To describe the usefulness of intraoperative frozen section in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules where fine needle aspirate biopsies have evidence of follicular neoplasm. Study Design. Retrospective case series. Methods. All patient ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A non-oncogenic HPV 16 E6/E7 vaccine enhances treatment of HPV expressing tumors.

Journal article Cancer Gene Ther · October 2012 Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative factor for >90% of cervical cancers and 25% of head and neck cancers. The incidence of HPV positive (+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas has greatly increased in the last 30 years. E6 and E7 are the two ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment-induced changes in vocal cord mobility and subsequent local recurrence after organ preservation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma.

Journal article Head Neck · June 2012 BACKGROUND: As multidisciplinary cancer treatment evolves, strategies to identify patients needing early resection/salvage are necessary. Some have suggested that vocal cord function after organ-preservation treatment may be an indicator. METHODS: A retros ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of endoscopic harmonic diverticulostomy.

Journal article Laryngoscope · June 2012 OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study is to review a consecutive series of patients with Zenker's diverticulum who were treated with endoscopic diverticulostomy using either the endoscopic stapler (ENDO GIA 30 Autosuture; Covidien, Dublin, Irela ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abstract 4389: Impact of regulatory T cell depletion on dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine immunotherapy

Journal article Cancer Research · April 15, 2012 AbstractA promising branch of research in cancer immunotherapy is the development of vaccines comprised of dendritic cells hybridized to tumor cells by electrofusion. Studies in numerous murine models have s ... Full text Cite

Leukotriene C4 induces migration of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells without loss of immunostimulatory function.

Journal article Blood · March 29, 2012 Generation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) for cancer vaccination involves ex vivo maturation in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Although the inclusion of PGE(2) during maturation is imperative for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Qualities of residency applicants: comparison of otolaryngology program criteria with applicant expectations.

Journal article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · January 2012 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the criteria used by otolaryngology programs in ranking residency candidates and to compare residency candidate ranking criteria among otolaryngology programs and applicant expectations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, anonymous survey adm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma metastasis in the oral cavity.

Journal article Am J Otolaryngol · 2012 Cancer metastases to the oral cavity are reported infrequently. Renal cell carcinoma has a high metastatic potential, with approximately one third of patients presenting with metastatic disease. New lesions in the oral cavity often rely on preoperative bio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sentinel node biopsy for head and neck melanoma: a systematic review.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · September 2011 OBJECTIVE: This systematic review was conducted to examine the test performance of sentinel node biopsy in head and neck melanoma, including the identification rate and false-negative rate. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, ASCO, and SSO database searches were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tongue entrapment in metal drinking bottle.

Journal article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · June 2011 Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of squamous cell carcinoma and corresponding biomarkers using optical spectroscopy.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · March 2011 OBJECTIVES: Investigate the use of optical reflectance spectroscopy to differentiate malignant and nonmalignant tissues in head and neck lesions and characterize corresponding oxygen tissue biomarkers that are associated with pathologic diagnosis. STUDY DE ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of applicant criteria and program expectations for choosing residency programs in the otolaryngology match.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · February 2011 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate criteria used by residency applicants in ranking otolaryngology residency programs and to compare applicant criteria with program expectations of ranking otolaryngology residency programs. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTIN ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunotherapy using allogeneic squamous cell tumor-dendritic cell fusion hybrids.

Journal article Head Neck · September 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are known to be immunotherapy targets; thus tumor-sharing TAA may be used as a fusion hybrid partner to confer protection against subsequent tumor challenge. METHODS: The squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), SCCVII ... Full text Link to item Cite

Toll-like receptor agonists as third signals for dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccines.

Journal article Head Neck · June 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-tumor fusion hybrids with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. METHODS: DC-tumor fusion hybrids were generated by electrofusion and injected into the ing ... Full text Link to item Cite

HPV status-independent association of alcohol and tobacco exposure or prior radiation therapy with promoter methylation of FUSSEL18, EBF3, IRX1, and SEPT9, but not SLC5A8, in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Journal article Genes Chromosomes Cancer · April 2010 Featured Publication Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with more than half a million people being diagnosed with the disease annually. Within the last 2 decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found to be associated with this ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extent of neck dissection required after concurrent chemoradiation for stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Journal article Head Neck · March 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The management of initially bulky nodal disease after primary nonsurgical treatment for stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to be a subject of debate. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of neck management in pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of preepiglottic space tumor involvement on concurrent chemoradiation therapy.

Journal article Am J Otolaryngol · 2010 Featured Publication PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic impact of preepiglottic space (PES) involvement on local failure after concurrent chemoradiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multiagent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (MACCRT) and gefitinib in locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Journal article J Clin Oncol · May 20, 2009 6037 Background: In patients (pts) with stage III-IV HNSCC, MACCRT has led to excellent locoregional control. Distant metastases (DM) are now the most common cause of treatment failure. This phase II study tested whether the oral EGFR inhibitor gefitinib ( ... Link to item Cite

Laryngeal transplantation in the setting of cancer: a rat model.

Journal article Laryngoscope · December 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Traditional immunosuppressive regimens make laryngeal transplantation in cancer patients prohibitive because of the increased risk of recurrence. Everolimus, a recently developed immunosuppressant, has demonstrated significant antitumor properti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of in situ hybridization to detect human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients without a history of alcohol or tobacco use.

Journal article Arch Pathol Lab Med · October 2008 Featured Publication CONTEXT: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is commonly associated with tobacco and alcohol use. There are, however, a group of patients without a significant history of tobacco or alcohol use, and the etiology of these tumors is incompletely understood ... Full text Link to item Cite

Paired Toll-like receptor agonists enhance vaccine therapy through induction of interleukin-12.

Journal article Cancer Res · June 1, 2008 Featured Publication Minimal requirements for generating effective immunity include the delivery of antigenic (signal 1) and costimulatory (signal 2) signals to T lymphocytes. Recently, a class of third signals, often delivered by antigen-presenting dendritic cells, has been s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunotherapy of established murine squamous cell carcinoma using fused dendritic-tumor cell hybrids.

Journal article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · June 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of fused dendritic-tumor cell hybrids against murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). DESIGN: Squamous cell carcinoma VII is a poorly immunogenic murine SCC tumor in C3H/HEN (H-2(K)) mice. Subdermal tumors w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lateral lamella of the cribriform plate: software-enabled computed tomographic analysis and its clinical relevance in skull base surgery.

Journal article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · March 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To describe a quantitative analysis of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate (LLCP) height in computed tomographic (CT) images. The LLCP is the thinnest anatomic structure in the skull base. DESIGN: Software-enabled CT scan measurements. S ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ansa cervicalis-to-recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis for unilateral vocal fold paralysis: experience of a single institution.

Journal article Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol · January 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: One treatment option for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) is ansa cervicalis-to-recurrent laryngeal nerve (ansa-RLN) anastomosis to provide reinnervation to the affected vocal fold. The advantages of this treatment approach are that it 1) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional spread of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the face via facial vein tumor thrombus: a case report.

Journal article Am J Otolaryngol · 2008 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck most often spreads via direct extension or through lymphatics to regional lymph nodes. This is a unique case of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal dorsum with direct vascular invasion of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Obstructing pyogenic granuloma as a result of blunt laryngeal trauma.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · March 2007 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Results of ansa to recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · March 2007 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the results of ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve (ansa-RLN) reinnervation for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. STUDY DESIGN: A chart review was performed on patients undergoing ansa-RLN reinnervation for unilater ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunogenicity of dendritic-tumor fusion hybrids and their utility in cancer immunotherapy.

Journal article Crit Rev Immunol · 2007 Featured Publication Cancer immunotherapy using fusion hybrid cells generated from dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor cells may be more effective than other DC-based vaccines. DC-tumor fusion potentially confers not only the DCs' antigen-presenting functionality but also a contin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of frontal pneumatization patterns between Koreans and Caucasians.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · November 2006 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of specific frontal recess cells in Korean and Caucasian populations; to evaluate and compare the relationship between anterior skull base length and frontal recess pneumatization in these two populations. MATERIALS AN ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for hypopharyngeal/upper esophageal stricture formation after concurrent chemoradiation.

Journal article Head Neck · September 2006 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Concurrent chemoradiation therapy has been demonstrated to be effective as an organ-sparing treatment for select advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, this treatment modality is not without side effects. One side effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute external laryngotracheal trauma: diagnosis and management.

Journal article Ear Nose Throat J · March 2006 Featured Publication Laryngotracheal trauma may result in lifelong complications or even death if diagnosis or treatment is delayed. Emergency room physicians, trauma surgeons, anesthesiologists, and especially otolaryngologists should maintain a high level of awareness of and ... Link to item Cite

A pneumatic orthotic cranial molding helmet for correcting positional plagiocephaly.

Journal article J Craniofac Surg · January 2006 The objective of this study was o determine the efficacy of a newly developed pneumatic orthotic cranial molding helmet for correcting positional plagiocephaly. The design was retrospective and the setting was a tertiary care center. Subjects were all pati ... Full text Link to item Cite

First case of laryngeal glomangiomyoma.

Journal article Laryngoscope · November 2005 Featured Publication Glomus tumors are derived from the normal glomus body, which is an arteriovenous confluence involved with thermoregulation. These true glomus tumors are different from the "glomus tumors" derived from the paraganglion system often encountered by the otolar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Erratum: Laryngeal glomangiomyoma (Journal of Bronchology (April 2005))

Journal article Journal of Bronchology · July 1, 2005 Full text Cite

Tumor-dendritic cell fusion as a basis for cancer immunotherapy.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · May 2005 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To establish the basis for use of allogeneic dendritic-tumor fusion cells. STUDY DESIGN: Fusion cells were created by electrofusion. We used 2 allogeneic murine tumor lines (D5 and 4T1) that were virally transduced to express the antigen (beta-g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laryngotracheal consequences of pediatric cardiac surgery.

Journal article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · April 2005 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and character of clinically significant laryngotracheal anomalies in pediatric patients undergoing surgical repair of congenital cardiac defects at a tertiary care center. DESIGN: Single-center retrospective review. PA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Melanoma metastasis masquerading as bilateral acoustic neuromas.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · March 2005 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

3D computed tomographic analysis of frontal recess anatomy in patients without frontal sinusitis.

Journal article Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · September 2004 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: Describe frontal sinus pneumatization in patients with no history of frontal sinus disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All 1-mm axial sinus CT scans performed from 2001 through 2003 were eligible for review on a CBYON Suite workstation (CBYON, Mo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative analysis of antigen loading strategies of dendritic cells for tumor immunotherapy.

Journal article J Immunother · 2004 Featured Publication Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with antigens can effectively stimulate host immune responses to syngeneic tumors, but there is considerable controversy as to which forms of antigen-loading are most immunogenic. Here, the authors compared immunotherapeutic re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic vaccine generated by electrofusion of dendritic cells and tumour cells.

Journal article Dev Biol (Basel) · 2004 Immunotherapy with fusion of dendritic cells (DCs) and tumour cells potentially confers the advantages of DC antigen-presenting functionality and a continuous source of unaltered tumour antigens. However, fusion using chemical or viral fusogens has been in ... Link to item Cite

Stepped-dose protocol of cidofovir therapy in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children.

Journal article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · August 2003 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a stepped-dose protocol for intralesional injection of cidofovir in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized case series. SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS: E ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nasal deformity in neonates and young children.

Journal article Pediatr Clin North Am · April 2003 Featured Publication Pediatric nasal deformities comprise a broad range of congenital and acquired pathologies. The congenital deformities are rare and often require specific surgical interventions. The acquired deformities are more common, and in the majority of cases surgica ... Full text Link to item Cite

Melanoma Metastasis Masquerading as Bilateral Acoustic Neuromas

Journal article Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery · January 1, 2003 Full text Cite

Indications for tracheotomy in the pediatric intensive care unit population: a pilot study.

Journal article Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · November 2002 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To define the indications for tracheotomy in patients requiring prolonged intubation (>1 week) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review and follow-up telephone survey. SETTING: A tertiary care center PICU. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption during abdominal insufflation.

Journal article Surg Endosc · August 1999 BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) is known to rise during induced CO(2) pneumoperitoneum. This rise correlates with an increase in inferior vena caval pressure; therefore, it is probably associated with increased pressure in the lumbar venous plexus. ... Full text Link to item Cite