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Willard N. Applefeld

Assistant Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Cardiology

Scholarly Works


Haemolytic injury and cardiovascular disease.

Journal article Nat Rev Cardiol · August 6, 2026 Haemoglobin is a ferrous iron (Fe2+)-containing intracellular protein that is crucial for multiple homeostatic functions, including transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, acid-base buffering and cellular signalling through nitric oxide oxidation and nitri ... Full text Link to item Cite