Scholars@Duke
Christopher Carlo Young

Christopher Carlo Young

Clinical Associate in the Department of Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine
young024@mc.duke.edu
Box 3094 Med Ctr, Durham, NC
2301 Erwin Road, 5673 Hafs Building, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Postoperative changes in cognition and cerebrospinal fluid neurodegenerative disease biomarkers.

Journal Article Ann Clin Transl Neurol · February 2022 OBJECTIVE: Numerous investigators have theorized that postoperative changes in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may underlie postoperative neurocognitive disorders. Thus, we determined the relationship between postoperative changes in cognition and cereb ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Perioperative neurocognitive and functional neuroimaging trajectories in older APOE4 carriers compared with non-carriers: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Journal Article Br J Anaesth · December 2021 BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction after surgery is a major issue in older adults. Here, we determined the effect of APOE4 on perioperative neurocognitive function in older patients. METHODS: We enrolled 140 English-speaking patients ≥60 yr old scheduled fo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Immunomodulatory lipid mediator profiling of cerebrospinal fluid following surgery in older adults.

Journal Article Sci Rep · February 4, 2021 Arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) derived lipids play key roles in initiating and resolving inflammation. Neuro-inflammation is thought to play a causal role in perioperative neurocognitive disorders, yet th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Changes in Older Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal Article J Alzheimers Dis · 2021 BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a syndrome of cognitive deficits occurring 1-12 months after surgery primarily in older patients, is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. POCD is hypothesized to result from neuroinflammation; ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A protocol to reduce self-reported pain scores and adverse events following lumbar punctures in older adults.

Journal Article J Neurol · July 2020 OBJECTIVE: Lumbar punctures (LPs) are important for obtaining CSF in neurology studies but are associated with adverse events and feared by many patients. We determined adverse event rates and pain scores in patients prospectively enrolled in two cohort st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy of osimertinib against EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma.

Journal Article Oncotarget · June 2, 2020 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is an active mutant form of EGFR that drives tumor growth in a subset of glioblastoma (GBM). It occurs in over 20% of GBMs, making it a promising receptor for small molecule targeted therapy. We hypot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lung-protective ventilation for the surgical patient: international expert panel-based consensus recommendations.

Journal Article Br J Anaesth · December 2019 Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur frequently and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that reduction of PPCs can be accomplished by using lung-protective ventilation strategies intraoperatively, but a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Flow Cytometry Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Monocytes in Patients With Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: A Pilot Study.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · November 2019 Animal models suggest postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be caused by brain monocyte influx. To study this in humans, we developed a flow cytometry panel to profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected before and after major noncardiac surgery ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Intraoperative Frontal Alpha-Band Power Correlates with Preoperative Neurocognitive Function in Older Adults.

Journal Article Front Syst Neurosci · 2017 Each year over 16 million older Americans undergo general anesthesia for surgery, and up to 40% develop postoperative delirium and/or cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Delirium and POCD are each associated with decreased quality of life, early retirement, incr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Association between Serum IGF-I levels and Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Subjects Undergoing Elective Knee Arthroplasty.

Journal Article Sci Rep · February 5, 2016 Evidence is mixed for an association between serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels and postoperative delirium (POD). The current study assessed preoperative serum IGF-I levels as a predictor of incident delirium in non-demented elderly elective ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced length of hospital stay in colorectal surgery after implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · May 2014 BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal approach to perioperative care that combines a range of interventions to enable early mobilization and feeding after surgery. We investigated the feasibility, clinical effectiveness, and co ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Obstructive sleep apnea and incidence of postoperative delirium after elective knee replacement in the nondemented elderly.

Journal Article Anesthesiology · April 2012 BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium, a common complication in the elderly, can occur following any type of surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality; it may also be associated with subsequent cognitive problems. Effective therapy for ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized, open-label study of the safety and tolerability of fospropofol for patients requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · September 2011 BACKGROUND: Current drugs for induction and maintenance of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit have limitations. Fospropofol, a prodrug of propofol, has not been studied as a sedative in the ICU setting. METHODS: In this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delirium: the struggle to vanquish an ancient foe.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · February 2010 Full text Link to item Cite

Thoracic Aortic Repair

Chapter · January 1, 2010 Full text Cite

A brief report: the use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation for severe pulmonary contusion.

Journal Article J Trauma · August 2008 BACKGROUND: Severe pulmonary contusions are a common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and are associated with significant morbidity. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a ventilatory mode that employs a lung protective strat ... Full text Link to item Cite

A brief report: the use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation for severe pulmonary contusion.

Journal Article The Journal of trauma · August 1, 2008 BACKGROUND: Severe pulmonary contusions are a common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and are associated with significant morbidity. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a ventilatory mode that employs a lung protective strat ... Cite

Hypothermia

Journal Article · December 1, 2007 Full text Cite

Hypothermia

Chapter · January 1, 2006 Full text Cite

Dexmedetomidine pharmacodynamics: Part II: Crossover comparison of the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in healthy volunteers.

Journal Article Anesthesiology · November 2004 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist used for short-term sedation of mechanically ventilated patients. The analgesic profile of dexmedetomidine has not been fully characterized in humans. METHODS: This study was des ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dexmedetomidine pharmacodynamics: part I: crossover comparison of the respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in healthy volunteers.

Journal Article Anesthesiology · November 2004 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist used for short-term sedation of mechanically ventilated patients, has minimal effect on ventilation. METHODS: This study compared the respiratory effect of dexmedetomidine to that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lithium dilution cardiac output measurement: a clinical assessment of central venous and peripheral venous indicator injection.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · October 2002 OBJECTIVE: The lithium indicator dilution technique has been shown to measure cardiac output (CO) accurately by using central venous injection of lithium chloride (Li-CCO). This study aimed to compare the measurement of CO by using peripheral venous admini ... Full text Link to item Cite

Benzodiazepines in the intensive care unit.

Journal Article Crit Care Clin · October 2001 Featured Publication The effects of BZ drugs result from interaction at the GABAA receptor within the CNS, producing anxiolysis, hypnosis, and amnesia in a dose-dependent fashion. These sedative effects are best titrated to reproducible clinical endpoints, using scoring system ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current drugs for sedation of critically III patients

Journal Article Seminars in Anesthesia · January 1, 2001 Even while the exact indications for use of anxiolytic drugs in the ICU remain undefined, sedation has become an integral part of critical care to minimize patient discomfort and anxiety, and to attenuate the neuroendocrine stress response. Clinicians stri ... Full text Cite

Sedation in the intensive care unit.

Journal Article Crit Care Med · March 2000 OBJECTIVE: To describe the goals of sedative use in the intensive care unit and review the pharmacology of commonly used sedative drugs as well as to review pertinent publications in the literature concerning the comparative pharmacology of these drugs, wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Temperature monitoring.

Journal Article Int Anesthesiol Clin · 1996 Central temperature is usually tightly regulated in human beings. Anesthesia alters the normal thermoregulatory controls of the body. Intraoperatively, mild degrees of hypothermia may provide some cerebral protection. However, the risk of organ dysfunction ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome postoperative onset due to levodopa withdrawal.

Journal Article J Clin Anesth · December 1995 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially fatal disorder that may develop in the perioperative period. A case is described in which discontinuation of chronic levodopa therapy precipitated the postoperative development of this syndrome. The different ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical evaluation of continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring: accuracy and tracking capabilities.

Journal Article J Clin Monit · July 1995 A continuous, noninvasive device for blood pressure measurement using pulse transit time has been recently introduced. We compared blood pressure measurement determined using this device with simultaneous invasive blood pressure measurements in 35 patients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deep vein thrombosis

Journal Article Anesthesiology Clinics of North America · January 1, 1992 Cite