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Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande

Preprints
collaboration, S-K; Han, S; Abe, K; Abe, S; Asaoka, Y; Bronner, C; Harada, M; Hayato, Y; Hiraide, K; Hosokawa, K; Ieki, K; Ikeda, M; Miki, S ...
May 7, 2025

We present measurements of total neutron production from atmospheric neutrino interactions in water, analyzed as a function of electron-equivalent visible energy over a range of 30 MeV to 10 GeV. These results are based on 4,270 days of data collected by Super-Kamiokande, including 564 days with 0.011 wt\% gadolinium added to enhance neutron detection. Neutron signal selection is based on a neural network trained on simulation, with its performance validated using an Am/Be neutron point source. The measurements are compared to predictions from neutrino event generators combined with various hadron-nucleus interaction models, which include an intranuclear cascade model and a nuclear de-excitation model. We observe significant variations in the predictions depending on the choice of hadron-nucleus interaction model. We discuss key factors that contribute to describing our data, such as in-medium effects in the intranuclear cascade and the accuracy of statistical evaporation modeling.

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Publication Date

May 7, 2025
 

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collaboration, S.-K., Han, S., Abe, K., Abe, S., Asaoka, Y., Bronner, C., … Suzuki, S. (2025). Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande.
collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, S. Han, K. Abe, S. Abe, Y. Asaoka, C. Bronner, M. Harada, et al. “Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande,” May 7, 2025.
collaboration S-K, Han S, Abe K, Abe S, Asaoka Y, Bronner C, et al. Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande. 2025.
collaboration S-K, Han S, Abe K, Abe S, Asaoka Y, Bronner C, Harada M, Hayato Y, Hiraide K, Hosokawa K, Ieki K, Ikeda M, Kameda J, Kanemura Y, Kaneshima R, Kashiwagi Y, Kataoka Y, Miki S, Mine S, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Nakayama S, Noguchi Y, Pronost G, Sato K, Okamoto K, Sekiya H, Shiba H, Shimizu K, Shinoda R, Shiozawa M, Sonoda Y, Suzuki Y, Takeda A, Takemoto Y, Takenaka A, Tanaka H, Yano T, Kajita T, Okumura K, Nishijima R, Tashiro T, Tomiya T, Wang X, Yoshida S, Fernandez P, Labarga L, Ospina N, Samudio D, Zaldivar B, Pointon BW, Yanagisawa C, Kearns E, Raaf JL, Wan L, Wester T, Bian J, Cortez B, Griskevich NJ, Smy MB, Sobel HW, Takhistov V, Yankelevich A, Hill J, Jang MC, Lee SH, Moon DH, Park RG, Yang BS, Bodur B, Scholberg K, Walter CW, Beauchêne A, Drapier O, Giampaolo A, Ershova A, Mueller TA, Santos AD, Paganini P, Quach C, Rogly R, Nakamura T, Jang JS, Machado LN, Soler FP, Learned JG, Choi K, Iovine N, Cao S, Anthony LHV, Martin D, Prouse NW, Scott M, Uchida Y, Sztuc AA, Berardi V, Calabria NF, Catanesi MG, Radicioni E, Langella A, Rosa GD, Collazuol G, Feltre M, Iacob F, Mattiazzi M, Ludovici L, Gonin M, Périssé L, Quilain B, Fujisawa C, Horiuchi S, Kawabata A, Kobayashi M, Liu YM, Maekawa Y, Nishimura Y, Okazaki R, Akutsu R, Friend M, Hasegawa T, Ishida T, Kobayashi T, Jakkapu M, Matsubara T, Nakadaira T, Nakamura K, Oyama Y, Yrey AP, Sakashita K, Sekiguchi T, Tsukamoto T, Bhuiyan N, Burton GT, Lodovico FD, Gao J, Goldsack A, Katori T, Migenda J, Ramsden RM, Xie Z, Zsoldos S, Sone T, Suzuki AT, Takagi Y, Takeuchi Y, Wada S, Zhong H, Feng J, Feng L, Hikida J, Hu JR, Hu Z, Kawaue M, Kikawa T, Mori M, Nakaya T, Ngoc TV, Wendell RA, Yasutome K, Jenkins SJ, McCauley N, Tarrant A, Mehta P, Fanì M, Wilking MJ, Fukuda Y, Itow Y, Menjo H, Yoshioka Y, Ninomiya K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Mandal M, Mijakowski P, Prabhu YS, Zalipska J, Jia M, Jiang J, Jung CK, Shi W, Hamaguchi K, Hino Y, Ishino H, Koshio Y, Nakanishi F, Sakai S, Tada T, Tano T, Ishizuka T, Barr G, Barrow D, Cook L, Samani S, Wark D, Holin A, Nova F, Jung S, Yang JY, Yoo J, Fannon JEP, Kneale L, Malek M, McElwee JM, Peacock T, Stowell P, Thiesse MD, Thompson LF, Wilson ST, Okazawa H, Kim SB, Kwon E, Lee MW, Seo JW, Yu I, Ichikawa AK, Nakamura KD, Tairafune S, Nishijima K, Eguchi A, Goto S, Kodama S, Mizuno Y, Muro T, Nakagiri K, Nakajima Y, Shima S, Taniuchi N, Watanabe E, Yokoyama M, Perio PD, Fujita S, Jesús-Valls C, Martens K, Marti L, Tsui KM, Vagins MR, Xia J, Kuze M, Izumiyama S, Matsumoto R, Terada K, Asaka R, Ishitsuka M, Ito H, Ommura Y, Shigeta N, Shinoki M, Sugo M, Wako M, Yamauchi K, Yoshida T, Nakano Y, Cormier F, Gaur R, Gousy-Leblanc V, Hartz M, Konaka A, Li X, Smithers BR, Chen S, Wu Y, Xu BD, Zhang AQ, Zhang B, Girgus M, Govindaraj P, Posiadala-Zezula M, Boyd SB, Edwards R, Hadley D, Nicholson M, O’Flaherty M, Richards B, Ali A, Jamieson B, Amanai S, Hamaguchi D, Minamino A, Sasaki Y, Shibayama R, Shimamura R, Suzuki S. Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at Super-Kamiokande. 2025.

Publication Date

May 7, 2025