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What is the risk of HCC in hypervascular LI-RADS 3 observations without ancillary features in routine clinical practice?

Journal articles  - Journal Article
Kadi, D; Kruse, DE; Abedrabbo, N; Morrison, S; Erkanli, A; Costa, AF; McInnes, MDF; van der Pol, CB; Bashir, MR
Published in: Abdom Radiol (NY)
June 26, 2026

PURPOSE: The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) categorizes liver observations based on their risk for HCC, with LI-RADS 3 observations (LR-3s) having an intermediate probability. Studies have shown that approximately one-third of LR-3 observations develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, this is not observed in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the HCC rate for hypervascular LR-3s. METHODS: We retrospectively identified consecutive MRI reports from 2013 to 2018 with hypervascular LR-3s in our institutional cohort. Observations with arterial phase hyperenhancement, no additional major/ancillary features, and < 2 cm in size were included. Development of HCC was determined based on a composite reference standard similar to published meta-analysis. RESULTS: 129 patients (mean age 60+/-11 years, 69 [53.5%] male) with 166 LR-3s observations were included. Ten (6.5%, 95% CI [2.2-10.7%]) observations developed into HCC based on change in category to LR-5 and growth in a median of 360 days (range 90-947) after index MRI. HCC rate for LR-3 was 3.0% at 1 year (95% CI [0-6.1%]). CONCLUSION: We observed a lower rate of HCC development in small hypervascular LR-3s without any additional major/ancillary features at 1 year compared to the entire LR-3 population reported in literature.

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Published In

Abdom Radiol (NY)

DOI

EISSN

2366-0058

Publication Date

June 26, 2026

Location

United States
 

Citation

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Kadi, D., Kruse, D. E., Abedrabbo, N., Morrison, S., Erkanli, A., Costa, A. F., … Bashir, M. R. (2026). What is the risk of HCC in hypervascular LI-RADS 3 observations without ancillary features in routine clinical practice? Abdom Radiol (NY). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-026-05613-y
Kadi, Diana, Danielle E. Kruse, Nicole Abedrabbo, Samantha Morrison, Alaattin Erkanli, Andreu F. Costa, Matthew D. F. McInnes, Christian B. van der Pol, and Mustafa R. Bashir. “What is the risk of HCC in hypervascular LI-RADS 3 observations without ancillary features in routine clinical practice?Abdom Radiol (NY), June 26, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-026-05613-y.
Kadi D, Kruse DE, Abedrabbo N, Morrison S, Erkanli A, Costa AF, et al. What is the risk of HCC in hypervascular LI-RADS 3 observations without ancillary features in routine clinical practice? Abdom Radiol (NY). 2026 Jun 26;
Kadi, Diana, et al. “What is the risk of HCC in hypervascular LI-RADS 3 observations without ancillary features in routine clinical practice?Abdom Radiol (NY), June 2026. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s00261-026-05613-y.
Kadi D, Kruse DE, Abedrabbo N, Morrison S, Erkanli A, Costa AF, McInnes MDF, van der Pol CB, Bashir MR. What is the risk of HCC in hypervascular LI-RADS 3 observations without ancillary features in routine clinical practice? Abdom Radiol (NY). 2026 Jun 26;
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Published In

Abdom Radiol (NY)

DOI

EISSN

2366-0058

Publication Date

June 26, 2026

Location

United States