Emily M. Klein | Scholars@Duke

Emily M. Klein
University Distinguished Service Professor

Dr. Klein's research focuses on the geochemistry of oceanic basalts, using diverse tools of major, trace and isotopic analyses. Her research involves sea-going expeditions to sample and map the ocean floor.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

University Distinguished Service Professor, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2018
Professor, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2005
Chair of the Earth and Ocean Sciences Division, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2017
Faculty Network Member of The Energy Initiative, Nicholas Institute-Energy Initiative, Initiatives 2012
Bass Fellow, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2009

Contact Information

Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708-0328
Room A115, Lsrc-A Wing, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708
ek4@duke.edu (919) 684-5965
9 North OSC Expedition
Cruise to the Incipient Rift
Expedition to the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center
Hess Deep Expedition
Pito Deep Expedition

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Columbia University 1988
- M.A., Columbia University 1986
- B.A., Barnard College 1978
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Co-Director of the Energy and Environment Certificate Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University 2019 - 2022
- Co-Director of Undergraduate Studies of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2018 - 2021
- Director, Undergraduate Studies, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2009 - 2012
- Lee Hill Snowdon Professor in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2005 - 2009
- Associate Professor in the Nicholas School of the Environment, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 1997 - 2005
- Lee Hill Snowdon Associate Professor, Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment 2004 - 2005
- Associate Professor of Geology, Geology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1996
- Assistant Professor, Geology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1989 - 1996
Recognition
In the News
- JAN 26, 2022
  
  Five Duke Faculty Named AAAS Fellows for 2021
- MAY 7, 2019
  
  Duke Adds 21 Faculty to Distinguished Faculty Rank
- NOV 13, 2018 Nicholas School of the Environment
  
  Bringing Light to the Darkest Reaches of the Volcanic Ocean Seabed
- JUN 29, 2018
  
  Four Faculty Named Distinguished Professors
- MAY 3, 2018 Nicholas School of the Environment
  
  A Rescue at Sea in the Equatorial Pacific
- DEC 2, 2015
  
  Interdisciplinary Teams Take a Hands-on Approach to Energy Innovations
- JUN 15, 2015
  
  Bass Connections Inspires New Teaching, Research
Awards & Honors
- AAAS Fellow. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2021
Expertise
Subject Headings
Global Scholarship
- Research
  - Chile (Country)
  - Mexico (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Collaborative Research: The Transition from Rifting to Seafloor Spreading at the Western Tip of the Cocos-Nazca Rift awarded by National Science Foundation 2017 - 2020
- Collaborative Proposal: CALIPSO Project: Imaging the Magma Chamber on Montserrat awarded by National Science Foundation 2006 - 2010
- Structure and Composition of Fast Spread EPR Crust Exposed at Pito awarded by National Science Foundation 2004 - 2010
- Collaborative Proposal: Anatomy of an Overlapping Spreading Center: Geochemical and Geological Study of the EPR 903N OSC awarded by National Science Foundation 2006 - 2009
- An Integrative Investigation of the Sources and Effects of Groundwater Contamination for Local Communities awarded by Department of Agriculture 2006 - 2009
- Geochemistry of Axial Lavas from Intra-Transform Spreading Centers of the Valdivia F.Z. System, Chile Ridge awarded by National Science Foundation 1997 - 2001
- JASON/MEDEA and Alvin Investigation of the Uppermost Oceanic Crust at Hess Deep awarded by National Science Foundation 1998 - 2001
- Geochemistry of Axial Lavas from Intra-Transform Spreading Centers of the Valdivia... awarded by National Science Foundation 1997 - 1998
- Ocean Ridge Basalts with Convergent Margin Geochemical Affinities from the Southern Chile Ridge: awarded by National Science Foundation 1995 - 1997
- Acquisition of an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer awarded by Office of Science & Technology Infrastructure 1996 - 1997
- Ocean Ridge Basalts with Convergent Margin Geochemical Affinitities from the Southern Chile Ridge: Does Ridge Subduction Play a Role? awarded by National Science Foundation 1995 - 1996
- Effects of Ridge-Subduction on Mid-Ocean Ridge Magmatism: A Geochemical Study of the Chile Ridge awarded by National Science Foundation 1992 - 1995
- Matching Funds for the Acquisition of Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer awarded by National Science Foundation 1993 - 1994
- Effects of Ridge-Subconduction on Mid-Ocean Ridge Magmatism: A Geochemical Study of the Chile Ridge awarded by National Science Foundation 1992 - 1994
- Geochemical Modeling of Young Basalts awarded by National Science Foundation 1991 - 1993
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Zheng, T., J. Lin, H. Schouten, D. K. Smith, E. Klein, and R. Parnell-Turner. “Gravity Anomalies and Implications for Shallow Mantle Processes of the Western Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center.” Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 5 (March 16, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102133.
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  - Karson, J. A., L. A. Chutas, N. W. Hayman, R. N. Hey, A. J. Horst, S. D. Hurst, E. M. Klein, D. F. Naar, and R. J. Varga. “Upper Crustal Structure of Superfast-Spread Oceanic Crust Exposed at the Pito Deep Rift: Implications for Seafloor Spreading.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 24, no. 3 (March 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010527.
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  - Schlesinger, W. H., E. M. Klein, and A. Vengosh. “The Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Arsenic.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 36, no. 11 (November 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007515.
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  - Schlesinger, William H., Emily M. Klein, Zhen Wang, and Avner Vengosh. “Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Lithium.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 35, no. 8 (August 2021). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gb006999.
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  - Schlesinger, W. H., E. M. Klein, and A. Vengosh. “Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Fluorine.” Global Biogeochemical Cycles 34, no. 12 (December 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006722.
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  - Smith, D. K., H. Schouten, R. Parnell-Turner, E. M. Klein, J. Cann, C. Dunham, G. Alodia, et al. “The Evolution of Seafloor Spreading Behind the Tip of the Westward Propagating Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 21, no. 6 (June 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC008957.
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  - Schlesinger, William H., Emily M. Klein, and Avner Vengosh. “Reply to Selin: Human impacts on the atmospheric burden of trace metals.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115, no. 12 (March 2018): E2668. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800958115.
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  - Schlesinger, William H., Emily M. Klein, and Avner Vengosh. “Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114, no. 52 (December 2017): E11092–100. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715500114.
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  - Carbotte, S. M., D. K. Smith, M. Cannat, and E. M. Klein. “Tectonic and magmatic segmentation of the Global Ocean Ridge System: A synthesis of observations” 420, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 249–95. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP420.5.
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  - Worman, S. L., L. F. Pratson, J. A. Karson, and E. M. Klein. “Global rate and distribution of H2 gas produced by serpentinization within oceanic lithosphere.” Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 12 (January 1, 2016): 6435–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069066.
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  - Klein, Emily M. “Emily M. Klein.” Oceanography 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 153–153.
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  - Klein, Emily M., Scott M. White, James Andrew Nunnery, Jessica L. Mason-Stack, V Dorsey Wanless, Michael R. Perfit, Christopher L. Waters, et al. “Seafloor photo-geology and sonar terrain modeling at the 9°N overlapping spreading center, East Pacific Rise.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2013, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC004858.
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  - Wanless, V. D., M. R. Perfit, E. M. Klein, S. White, and W. I. Ridley. “Reconciling geochemical and geophysical observations of magma supply and melt distribution at the 9N overlapping spreading center, East Pacific Rise.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004168.
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  - Wanless, V. D., M. R. Perfit, W. I. Ridley, P. J. Wallace, C. B. Grimes, and E. M. Klein. “Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers.” Chemical Geology 287, no. 1–2 (August 7, 2011): 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.017.
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  - Perfit, M. R., V. D. Wanless, W. I. Ridley, E. Klein, M. C. Smith, A. R. Goss, J. S. Hinds, S. Kutza, and D. J. Fornari. “Lava geochemistry as probes into crustal formation at the EPR ISS (Accepted).” Oceanography, 2011.
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  - Waters, C. L., K. W. W. Sims, E. M. Klein, and S. M. White. “Sill to Surface: Linking Young Off-Axis Volcanism with Subsurface Melt at the Overlapping Spreading Center at 9º03’N East Pacific Rise (Submitted).” Geology, 2011.
    Open Access Copy
  - Wanless, V. D., M. R. Perfit, W. I. Ridley, and E. Klein. “Dacite petrogenesis on mid-ocean ridges: Evidence for oceanic crustal melting and assimilation.” Journal of Petrology 51, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 2377–2410. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq056.
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  - Pratson, Elizabeth, Avner Vengosh, Gary Dwyer, Lincoln Pratson, and Emily Klein. “The Effectiveness of Arsenic Remediation from Groundwater in a Private Home.” Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation 30, no. 1 (2010): 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01269.x.
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  - White, S. M., J. L. Mason, K. C. Macdonald, M. R. Perfit, V. D. Wanless, and E. M. Klein. “Significance of widespread low effusion rate eruptions over the past two million years for delivery of magma to the overlapping spreading centers at 9°N East Pacific Rise.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 280, no. 1–4 (April 15, 2009): 175–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.030.
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  - Pollock, M. A., E. M. Klein, J. A. Karson, and D. S. Coleman. “Compositions of dikes and lavas from the Pito Deep Rift: Implications for crustal accretion at superfast spreading centers.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 114, no. 3 (March 4, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005436.
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  - Heft, K. L., K. M. Gillis, M. A. Pollock, J. A. Karson, and E. M. Klein. “Role of upwelling hydrothermal fluids in the development of alteration patterns at fast spreading ridges: Evidence from the sheeted dike complex at Pito Deep.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001926.
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  - Schouten, H., D. K. Smith, L. G. J. Montési, W. Zhu, and E. M. Klein. “Cracking of lithosphere north of the Galapagos triple junction.” Geology 36, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 339–42. https://doi.org/10.1130/G24431A.1.
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  - Perk, N. W., L. A. Coogan, J. A. Karson, E. M. Klein, and H. D. Hanna. “Petrology and geochemistry of primitive lower oceanic crust from Pito Deep: Implications for the accretion of the lower crust at the Southern East Pacific Rise.” Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 154, no. 5 (November 1, 2007): 575–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-007-0210-z.
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  - Pollock, M. A., E. M. Klein, J. A. Karson, and M. A. Tivey. “Temporal and spatial variability in the composition of lavas exposed along the Western Blanco transform fault.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001026.
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  - Stewart, M. A., J. A. Karson, and E. M. Klein. “Four-dimensional upper crustal construction at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges: A perspective from an upper crustal cross-section at the Hess Deep Rift.” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 144, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS. (June 15, 2005): 287–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.026.
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  - Klein, Emily M., Deborah K. Smith, Clare M. Williams, and Hans Schouten. “Counter-rotating microplates at the Galapagos triple junction.” Nature 433, no. 7028 (February 2005): 855–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03262.
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  - Klein, Emily M. “Earth science: spread thin in the Arctic.” Nature 423, no. 6943 (June 2003): 932–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/423932a.
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  - Stewart, M. A., E. M. Klein, J. A. Karson, and J. G. Brophy. “Geochemical relationships between dikes and lavas at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for magma eruptibility.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 108, no. 4 (April 10, 2003).
  - Stewart, M. A., E. M. Klein, J. A. Karson, and J. G. Brophy. “Geochemical relationships between dikes and lavas at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for magma eruptibility.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 108, no. B4 (April 2003). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001622.
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  - Klein, E. M. “Earth science: Spread thin in the Arctic, News and Views.” Nature 423 (2003): 932–33.
  - Stewart, M. A., E. M. Klein, and J. A. Karson. “Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Insights into the four-dimensional character of crustal construction at fast spreading mid-ocean ridges.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 107, no. 10 (October 10, 2002).
  - Stewart, Michael A., Emily M. Klein, and Jeffrey A. Karson. “Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Insights into the four-dimensional character of crustal construction at fast spreading mid-ocean ridges.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 107, no. B10 (October 2002). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000545.
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  - Karson, J. A., E. M. Klein, S. D. Hurst, C. E. Lee, P. A. Rivizzigno, D. Curewitz, A. R. Morris, et al. “Structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: Implications for subaxial processes at the East Pacific Rise.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 3, no. 1 (January 2002): n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gc000155.
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  - Meurer, W. P., M. A. Sturm, E. M. Klein, and J. A. Karson. “Basalt compositions from the Mid-Atlantic ridge at the smark area (22°30'N to 22°50'N) - Implications for parental liquid variability at isotopically homogeneous spreading centers.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 186, no. 3–4 (May 22, 2001): 451–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00260-6.
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  - Castillo, P. R., E. Klein, J. Bender, C. Langmuir, S. Shirey, R. Batiza, and W. White. “Petrology and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses from the 11°45′N to 15°00′N segment of the East Pacific Rise.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 1, no. 11 (November 1, 2000). https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GC000024.
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  - Sturm, M. E., S. J. Goldstein, E. M. Klein, J. A. Karson, and M. T. Murrell. “Uranium-series age constraints on lavas from the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, MARK area.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 181, no. 1–2 (October 17, 2000): 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00177-1.
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  - Sturm, M. E., E. M. Klein, J. L. Karsten, and J. A. Karson. “Evidence for subduction-related contamination of the mantle beneath the southern Chile Ridge: Implications for ambiguous ophiolite compositions.” Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 349 (January 1, 2000): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2349-3.13.
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  - Sturm, M. E., E. M. Klein, D. W. Graham, and J. Karsten. “Age constraints on crustal recycling to the mantle beneath the southern Chile Ridge: He-Pb-Sr-Nd isotope systematics.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104, no. B3 (March 10, 1999): 5097–5114. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998jb900107.
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  - Schlesinger, W. H., L. A. Bruijnzeel, M. B. Bush, E. M. Klein, K. A. Mace, J. A. Raikes, and R. J. Whittaker. “The biogeochemistry of phosphorus after the first century of soil development on Rakata Island, Krakatau, Indonesia.” Biogeochemistry 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005838929706.
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  - Sherman, S. B., J. L. Karsten, and E. M. Klein. “Petrogenesis of axial lavas from the southern Chile Ridge: Major element constraints.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 102, no. B7 (January 1, 1997): 14963–90.
  - Karsten, J. L., E. M. Klein, and S. B. Sherman. “Subduction zone geochemical characteristics in ocean ridge basalts from the southern Chile Ridge: Implications of modern ridge subduction systems for the Archean.” Lithos 37, no. 2–3 (January 1, 1996): 143–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(95)00034-8.
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  - Klein, E. M., and J. L. Karsten. “Ocean-ridge basalts with convergent-margin geochemical affinities from the Chile Ridge.” Nature 374, no. 6517 (January 1, 1995): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/374052a0.
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  - Sempere, J. C., and E. M. Klein. “New insights in crustal accretion expected from Indian Ocean spreading centers.” Eos 76, no. 11 (January 1, 1995).
  - Sempéré, J. ‐., and E. M. Klein. “New insights in crustal accretion expected from Indian Ocean Spreading Centers.” Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 76, no. 11 (January 1, 1995): 113–16. https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00056.
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  - Barth, G. A., K. A. Kastens, and E. M. Klein. “The origin of bathymetric highs at ridge-transform intersections: A multi-disciplinary case study at the Clipperton Fracture Zone.” Marine Geophysical Researches 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 1–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01812444.
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  - Ferguson, E. M., and E. M. Klein. “Fresh basalts from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge extend the Pacific geochemical province.” Nature 366, no. 6453 (January 1, 1993): 330–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/366330a0.
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  - Klein, E. M., C. H. Langmuir, and H. Staudigel. “Geochemistry of basalts from the Southeast Indian Ridge, 115°E- 138°E.” Journal of Geophysical Research 96, no. B2 (January 1, 1991): 2089–2107. https://doi.org/10.1029/90JB01384.
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  - KLEIN, EMILY M. “Ocean Ridge Magmatic and Hydrothermal Geochemical Processes.” Reviews of Geophysics 29, no. S2 (January 1991): 532–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/rog.1991.29.s2.532.
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  - Keen, M. J., E. M. Klein, and W. G. Melson. “Ocean-ridge basalt compositions correlated with palaeobathymetry.” Nature 345, no. 6274 (January 1, 1990): 423–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/345423a0.
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  - Klein, E. M. “Mixing of basalt magmas.” Nature 342, no. 6248 (1989): 344–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/342344a0.
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  - Klein, Emily M., and Charles H. Langmuir. “Local versus global variations in ocean ridge basalt composition: A reply.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 94 (1989): 4241–52. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB04p04241.
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  - Klein, E. M., C. H. Langmuir, A. Zindler, H. Staudigel, and B. Hamelin. “Isotope evidence of a mantle convection boundary at the Australian-Antarctic Discordance.” Nature 333, no. 6174 (1988): 623–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/333623a0.
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  - Klein, Emily M., and C. H. Langmuir. “Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness.,” December 1, 1987.
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  - Klein, E. M., and C. H. Langmuir. “Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness.” Journal of Geophysical Research 92, no. B8 (1987): 8089–8115. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p08089.
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- Book Sections
  - White, W. M., and E. M. Klein. “4.13 - Composition of the Oceanic Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), edited by Heinrich D. Holland and Karl K. Turekian, 457–96. Elsevier, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00315-6.
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  - White, W. M., and E. M. Klein. “Composition of the Oceanic Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry: Second Edition, 4:457–96, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00315-6.
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  - Klein, E. M. “Geochemistry of the Igneous Oceanic Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 3–9:433–63, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03030-9.
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  - Langmuir, C. H., E. M. Klein, and T. Plank. “Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts: Constraints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges.” In Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges, 183–280. Washington, DC: AGU, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM071p0183.
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- Conference Papers
  - Klein, E. M., A. Nunnery, M. R. Perfit, D. Wanless, and S. White. “Relationships between mantle and crust melt distribution and surficial geology and geochemistry at the 9degrees 03 ' N Overlapping Spreading Center, East Pacific Rise.” In Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 72:A478–A478. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008.
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Teaching & Mentoring
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Education, Training, & Certifications

Previous Appointments & Affiliations

In the News

Awards & Honors

Subject Headings

Global Scholarship

Research

Selected Grants

Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Book Sections

Conference Papers

Recent Courses

Outreach & Engaged Scholarship