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Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Zheng, X-Y; Zhou, M; Yoo, H; Pruneda-Paz, JL; Spivey, NW; Kay, SA; Dong, X
Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
July 2015

The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is essential for local defense and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA biosynthesis generally occurs through transcriptional induction of the key synthetic enzyme isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). However, the regulatory mechanism for this induction is poorly understood. Using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identified two transcription factors (TFs), NTM1-like 9 (NTL9) and CCA1 hiking expedition (CHE), as activators of ICS1 during specific immune responses. NTL9 is essential for inducing ICS1 and two other SA synthesis-related genes, phytoalexin-deficient 4 (PAD4) and enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), in guard cells that form stomata. Stomata can quickly close upon challenge to block pathogen entry. This stomatal immunity requires ICS1 and the SA signaling pathway. In the ntl9 mutant, this response is defective and can be rescued by exogenous application of SA, indicating that NTL9-mediated SA synthesis is essential for stomatal immunity. CHE, the second identified TF, is a central circadian clock oscillator and is required not only for the daily oscillation in SA levels but also for the pathogen-induced SA synthesis in systemic tissues during SAR. CHE may also regulate ICS1 through the known transcription activators calmodulin binding protein 60g (CBP60g) and systemic acquired resistance deficient 1 (SARD1) because induction of these TF genes is compromised in the che-2 mutant. Our study shows that SA biosynthesis is regulated by multiple TFs in a spatial and temporal manner and therefore fills a gap in the signal transduction pathway between pathogen recognition and SA production.

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Published In

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI

EISSN

1091-6490

ISSN

0027-8424

Publication Date

July 2015

Volume

112

Issue

30

Start / End Page

9166 / 9173

Related Subject Headings

  • Two-Hybrid System Techniques
  • Transcription Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Signal Transduction
  • Salicylic Acid
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Plant Stomata
  • Plant Proteins
  • Plant Leaves
  • Plant Immunity
 

Citation

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MLA
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Zheng, X.-Y., Zhou, M., Yoo, H., Pruneda-Paz, J. L., Spivey, N. W., Kay, S. A., & Dong, X. (2015). Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(30), 9166–9173. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511182112
Zheng, Xiao-Yu, Mian Zhou, Heejin Yoo, Jose L. Pruneda-Paz, Natalie Weaver Spivey, Steve A. Kay, and Xinnian Dong. “Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 30 (July 2015): 9166–73. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511182112.
Zheng X-Y, Zhou M, Yoo H, Pruneda-Paz JL, Spivey NW, Kay SA, et al. Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2015 Jul;112(30):9166–73.
Zheng, Xiao-Yu, et al. “Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 112, no. 30, July 2015, pp. 9166–73. Epmc, doi:10.1073/pnas.1511182112.
Zheng X-Y, Zhou M, Yoo H, Pruneda-Paz JL, Spivey NW, Kay SA, Dong X. Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2015 Jul;112(30):9166–9173.
Journal cover image

Published In

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI

EISSN

1091-6490

ISSN

0027-8424

Publication Date

July 2015

Volume

112

Issue

30

Start / End Page

9166 / 9173

Related Subject Headings

  • Two-Hybrid System Techniques
  • Transcription Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Signal Transduction
  • Salicylic Acid
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Plant Stomata
  • Plant Proteins
  • Plant Leaves
  • Plant Immunity