Xinnian Dong
Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Biology
Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model
system, my
laboratory studies the
mechanisms of plant defense
against microbial pathogens. We
focus on a specific
response known as systemic
acquired resistance (SAR).
SAR, which can be induced by a
local infection, provides
the plants with long lasting,
systemic resistance against
a broad spectrum of pathogens.
Salicylic acid (SA; an
active ingredient of aspirin) has
been found to be the
endogenous signal of SAR. Using
a genetic approach,
our laboratory identified genes
involved in the regulation
of SAR. Molecular and genetic
analyses are being
carried out to understand the gene
function and to
elucidate the SAR signaling
pathway. These
SAR-regulating genes are also
favorite targets for
molecular engineering of
disease-resistance crops.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2007
- Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2004
Contact Information
- 4213 French Family Science Center, Durham, NC 27708
- Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-1000
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xdong@duke.edu
(919) 613-8176
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Dong lab website
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Northwestern University 1988
- B.S., National Wuhan University (China) 1982
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Duke Appointment History
- Investigator, HHMI, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2011 - 2016
- Associate Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2000 - 2004
- Associate Professor of Botany, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1999 - 2000
- Assistant Professor, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1992 - 1998
- Recognition
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In the News
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NOV 19, 2019 -
NOV 27, 2018 -
JUN 22, 2015
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Awards & Honors
- Highly Cited Researcher. Thomson Reuters. 2014
- American Academy of Microbiology Fellow. American Society for Microbiology. 2013
- Members/ Foreign Associates. National Academy of Science. 2012
- AAAS Fellows. American Association for the Advancement of Science, The. 2011
- Investigator/Alumni Investigator. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 2011
- Research
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Selected Grants
- Genetic and Genomics Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2025
- Training Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2022
- Elucidation of translational regulatory mechanisms of plant immune responses awarded by National Science Foundation 2017 - 2022
- Salicylic acid in immunity and health: A small phytohormone with big physiological impacts awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- Genetics Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1979 - 2020
- Organization and Function of Cellular Structure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2020
- Characterization of the Arabidopsis tRNAome in Pathogen Triggered Immunity awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2019
- Innovation Corps - National Innovation Network Teams Program (I-CorpsTM Teams) awarded by National Science Foundation 2017 - 2019
- Dynamic regulation of salicylic acid biosynthesis and perception in plant immunity awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2018
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation awarded by Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation 2011 - 2017
- The Interplay Between the Circadian Clock and Plant Immune Mechanisms awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2017
- Intercellular signal transport in plant immune response awarded by US-Israel Binational Agricultural R&D Fund 2014 - 2016
- Arabidopsis 2010: Global Analysis of Plant Disease Resistance Pathways awarded by National Science Foundation 2001 - 2015
- The 22nd International Conference on Arabidopsis Research awarded by National Science Foundation 2011 - 2012
- The Arabidopsis SNI1 complex regulate both gene transcription and DNA recombination during the defense response awarded by National Science Foundation 2008 - 2012
- A Systems Approach to Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Using NPR1-Mediated Gene Expression awarded by Department of Agriculture 2007 - 2010
- Chromosome Modification and Transcription Repression in Regulation of Systemic Acquired Resistance awarded by National Science Foundation 2005 - 2009
- Characterization of the direct-target genes of NPR1 in systemic acquired resistance awarded by Department of Agriculture 2003 - 2007
- Characterization of Negative Regulators of NPR1-Mediated Systemic Acquired Resistance awarded by National Science Foundation 1998 - 2006
- Identification of Signaling Components in NPR1-independent Resistance awarded by Department of Agriculture 2000 - 2004
- Further Dissection of Signalling Pathways Leading To Disease Resistance awarded by Cooperative State Research Service (CSRS) 1998 - 2001
- Function of NPR1 in Plant Disease Resistance awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2000
- Molecular and Genetic Studies of Mutants Insensitive to SAR-inducing Signals awarded by Department of Agriculture 1995 - 1998
- Molecular Genetic Analysis of Systemic Acquired Resistance in A. thaliana awarded by Cooperative State Research Service (CSRS) 1993 - 1995
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External Relationships
- Inari
- Upstream Biotechnology
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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McMillan, Hannah M., Sophia G. Zebell, Jean B. Ristaino, Xinnian Dong, and Meta J. Kuehn. “Protective plant immune responses are elicited by bacterial outer membrane vesicles.” Cell Rep 34, no. 3 (January 19, 2021): 108645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108645.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Wang, Wei, John Withers, Heng Li, Paul J. Zwack, Domnița-Valeria Rusnac, Hui Shi, Lijing Liu, et al. “Structural basis of salicylic acid perception by Arabidopsis NPR proteins.” Nature 586, no. 7828 (October 2020): 311–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2596-y.Full Text
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Zhang, Jie, Gitta Coaker, Jian-Min Zhou, and Xinnian Dong. “Plant Immune Mechanisms: From Reductionistic to Holistic Points of View.” Molecular Plant 13, no. 10 (October 2020): 1358–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.007.Full Text
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Zavaliev, Raul, Rajinikanth Mohan, Tianyuan Chen, and Xinnian Dong. “Formation of NPR1 Condensates Promotes Cell Survival during the Plant Immune Response.” Cell 182, no. 5 (September 2020): 1093-1108.e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.016.Full Text
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Yoo, Heejin, George H. Greene, Meng Yuan, Guoyong Xu, Derek Burton, Lijing Liu, Jorge Marqués, and Xinnian Dong. “Translational Regulation of Metabolic Dynamics during Effector-Triggered Immunity.” Molecular Plant 13, no. 1 (January 2020): 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.09.009.Full Text
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Li, Meina, Lijun Cao, Musoki Mwimba, Yan Zhou, Ling Li, Mian Zhou, Patrick S. Schnable, Jamie A. O’Rourke, Xinnian Dong, and Wei Wang. “Comprehensive mapping of abiotic stress inputs into the soybean circadian clock.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116, no. 47 (November 2019): 23840–49. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708508116.Full Text
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Mwimba, Musoki, and Xinnian Dong. “Quantification of the humidity effect on HR by Ion leakage assay.” Bio Protocol 9, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): e3203. https://doi.org/10.21769/bioprotoc.3203.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Mwimba, Musoki, Sargis Karapetyan, Lijing Liu, Jorge Marqués, Erin M. McGinnis, Nicolas E. Buchler, and Xinnian Dong. “Daily humidity oscillation regulates the circadian clock to influence plant physiology.” Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 4290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06692-2.Full Text
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Greene, George H., and Xinnian Dong. “To grow and to defend.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 361, no. 6406 (September 2018): 976–77. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau9065.Full Text
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Karapetyan, Sargis, and Xinnian Dong. “Redox and the circadian clock in plant immunity: A balancing act.” Free Radical Biology & Medicine 119 (May 2018): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.024.Full Text
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Gu, Yangnan, Raul Zavaliev, and Xinnian Dong. “Membrane Trafficking in Plant Immunity.” Molecular Plant 10, no. 8 (August 2017): 1026–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.001.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Withers, John, and Xinnian Dong. “Post-translational regulation of plant immunity.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology 38 (August 2017): 124–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.05.004.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Xu, Guoyong, George H. Greene, Heejin Yoo, Lijing Liu, Jorge Marqués, Jonathan Motley, and Xinnian Dong. “Global translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation in plants.” Nature 545, no. 7655 (May 17, 2017): 487–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22371.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Xu, Guoyong, Meng Yuan, Chaoren Ai, Lijing Liu, Edward Zhuang, Sargis Karapetyan, Shiping Wang, and Xinnian Dong. “uORF-mediated translation allows engineered plant disease resistance without fitness costs.” Nature 545, no. 7655 (May 17, 2017): 491–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22372.Full Text
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Mwimba, Musoki, and Xinnian Dong. “The CAT(2) Comes Back.” Cell Host & Microbe 21, no. 2 (February 2017): 125–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.012.Full Text
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Liu, Lijing, Fathi-Mohamed Sonbol, Bethany Huot, Yangnan Gu, John Withers, Musoki Mwimba, Jian Yao, Sheng Yang He, and Xinnian Dong. “Salicylic acid receptors activate jasmonic acid signalling through a non-canonical pathway to promote effector-triggered immunity.” Nature Communications 7 (October 11, 2016): 13099. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13099.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Zavaliev, Raul, Xinnian Dong, and Bernard L. Epel. “Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Modification Serves as a Primary Plasmodesmal Sorting Signal.” Plant Physiology 172, no. 2 (October 2016): 1061–73. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01026.Full Text
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Gu, Yangnan, Sophia G. Zebell, Zizhen Liang, Shui Wang, Byung-Ho Kang, and Xinnian Dong. “Nuclear Pore Permeabilization Is a Convergent Signaling Event in Effector-Triggered Immunity.” Cell 166, no. 6 (September 2016): 1526-1538.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.042.Full Text
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Withers, John, and Xinnian Dong. “Posttranslational Modifications of NPR1: A Single Protein Playing Multiple Roles in Plant Immunity and Physiology.” Plos Pathogens 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2016): e1005707. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005707.Full Text
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Saleh, A., J. Withers, R. Mohan, J. Marqués, Y. Gu, S. Yan, R. Zavaliev, M. Nomoto, Y. Tada, and X. Dong. “Erratum: Posttranslational Modifications of the Master Transcriptional Regulator NPR1 Enable Dynamic but Tight Control of Plant Immune Responses (Cell Host and Microbe (2015) 18 (169-182)).” Cell Host and Microbe 19, no. 1 (January 13, 2016): 127–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.12.008.Full Text
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Zebell, Sophia G., and Xinnian Dong. “Cell-Cycle Regulators and Cell Death in Immunity.” Cell Host & Microbe 18, no. 4 (October 2015): 402–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.001.Full Text
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Yang, L., B. Li, X. Y. Zheng, J. Li, M. Yang, X. Dong, G. He, C. An, and X. W. Deng. “Erratum: Salicylic acid biosynthesis is enhanced and contributes to increased biotrophic pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis hybrids (Nature Communications (2015) 6 (7309) DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8309).” Nature Communications 6 (August 12, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9145.Full Text
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Saleh, Abdelaty, John Withers, Rajinikanth Mohan, Jorge Marqués, Yangnan Gu, Shunping Yan, Raul Zavaliev, Mika Nomoto, Yasuomi Tada, and Xinnian Dong. “Posttranslational Modifications of the Master Transcriptional Regulator NPR1 Enable Dynamic but Tight Control of Plant Immune Responses.” Cell Host & Microbe 18, no. 2 (August 2015): 169–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.07.005.Full Text
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Zheng, Xiao-Yu, Mian Zhou, Heejin Yoo, Jose L. Pruneda-Paz, Natalie Weaver Spivey, Steve A. Kay, and Xinnian Dong. “Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 30 (July 2, 2015): 9166–73. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511182112.Full Text
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Gu, Yangnan, and Xinnian Dong. “Stromules: Signal Conduits for Plant Immunity.” Developmental Cell 34, no. 1 (July 2015): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.018.Full Text
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Zhou, Mian, Wei Wang, Sargis Karapetyan, Musoki Mwimba, Jorge Marqués, Nicolas E. Buchler, and Xinnian Dong. “Redox rhythm reinforces the circadian clock to gate immune response.” Nature 523, no. 7561 (July 2015): 472–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14449.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Yang, Li, Bosheng Li, Xiao-yu Zheng, Jigang Li, Mei Yang, Xinnian Dong, Guangming He, Chengcai An, and Xing Wang Deng. “Salicylic acid biosynthesis is enhanced and contributes to increased biotrophic pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis hybrids.” Nature Communications 6 (June 12, 2015): 7309. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8309.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Mammarella, Nicole D., Zhenyu Cheng, Zheng Qing Fu, Arsalan Daudi, G Paul Bolwell, Xinnian Dong, and Frederick M. Ausubel. “Apoplastic peroxidases are required for salicylic acid-mediated defense against Pseudomonas syringae.” Phytochemistry 112 (April 2015): 110–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.010.Full Text
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Wang, Shui, Yangnan Gu, Sophia G. Zebell, Lisa K. Anderson, Wei Wang, Rajinikanth Mohan, and Xinnian Dong. “A noncanonical role for the CKI-RB-E2F cell-cycle signaling pathway in plant effector-triggered immunity.” Cell Host & Microbe 16, no. 6 (December 2014): 787–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.10.005.Full Text
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Yan, Shunping, and Xinnian Dong. “Perception of the plant immune signal salicylic acid.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology 20 (August 2014): 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.04.006.Full Text
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Fonseca, Jose Pedro, and Xinnian Dong. “Functional characterization of a Nudix hydrolase AtNUDX8 upon pathogen attack indicates a positive role in plant immune responses.” Plos One 9, no. 12 (January 2014): e114119. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114119.Full Text
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Yan, Shunping, Wei Wang, Jorge Marqués, Rajinikanth Mohan, Abdelaty Saleh, Wendy E. Durrant, Junqi Song, and Xinnian Dong. “Salicylic acid activates DNA damage responses to potentiate plant immunity.” Molecular Cell 52, no. 4 (November 2013): 602–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.09.019.Full Text
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Chen, X., J. Y. Barnaby, A. Sreedharan, X. Huang, V. Orbović, J. W. Grosser, N. Wang, X. Dong, and W. Y. Song. “Over-expression of the citrus gene CtNH1 confers resistance to bacterial canker disease.” Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 84, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 115–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2013.07.002.Full Text
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Fu, Zheng Qing, and Xinnian Dong. “Systemic acquired resistance: turning local infection into global defense.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 64 (January 25, 2013): 839–63. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105606.Full Text
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Zheng, Xiao-Yu, Natalie Weaver Spivey, Weiqing Zeng, Po-Pu Liu, Zheng Qing Fu, Daniel F. Klessig, Sheng Yang He, and Xinnian Dong. “Coronatine promotes Pseudomonas syringae virulence in plants by activating a signaling cascade that inhibits salicylic acid accumulation.” Cell Host & Microbe 11, no. 6 (June 2012): 587–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.014.Full Text
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Fu, Zheng Qing, Shunping Yan, Abdelaty Saleh, Wei Wang, James Ruble, Nodoka Oka, Rajinikanth Mohan, et al. “NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid in plants.” Nature 486, no. 7402 (May 16, 2012): 228–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11162.Full Text
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Spoel, Steven H., and Xinnian Dong. “How do plants achieve immunity? Defence without specialized immune cells.” Nature Reviews. Immunology 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2012): 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3141.Full Text
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Pajerowska-Mukhtar, Karolina M., Wei Wang, Yasuomi Tada, Nodoka Oka, Chandra L. Tucker, Jose Pedro Fonseca, and Xinnian Dong. “The HSF-like transcription factor TBF1 is a major molecular switch for plant growth-to-defense transition.” Current Biology : Cb 22, no. 2 (January 12, 2012): 103–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.015.Full Text
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Moreno, Adrian A., M Shahid Mukhtar, Francisca Blanco, Jon Lucas Boatwright, Ignacio Moreno, Melissa R. Jordan, Yani Chen, et al. “IRE1/bZIP60-mediated unfolded protein response plays distinct roles in plant immunity and abiotic stress responses.” Plos One 7, no. 2 (January 2012): e31944. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031944.Full Text
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Cheng, Yu Ti, Yingzhong Li, Shuai Huang, Yan Huang, Xinnian Dong, Yuelin Zhang, and Xin Li. “Stability of plant immune-receptor resistance proteins is controlled by SKP1-CULLIN1-F-box (SCF)-mediated protein degradation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108, no. 35 (August 22, 2011): 14694–99. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105685108.Full Text
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Wang, Dong, and Xinnian Dong. “A highway for war and peace: the secretory pathway in plant-microbe interactions.” Molecular Plant 4, no. 4 (July 7, 2011): 581–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssr053.Full Text
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Song, Junqi, Wendy E. Durrant, Shui Wang, Shunping Yan, Ek Han Tan, and Xinnian Dong. “DNA repair proteins are directly involved in regulation of gene expression during plant immune response.” Cell Host & Microbe 9, no. 2 (February 2011): 115–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.01.011.Full Text
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Wang, Wei, Jinyoung Yang Barnaby, Yasuomi Tada, Hairi Li, Mahmut Tör, Daniela Caldelari, Dae-un Lee, Xiang-Dong Fu, and Xinnian Dong. “Timing of plant immune responses by a central circadian regulator.” Nature 470, no. 7332 (February 2011): 110–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09766.Full Text
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Caldelari, D., G. Wang, E. E. Farmer, and X. Dong. “Inflorescence meristem arrest defects and male infertility in Arabidopsis lox3 lox4 double mutants.” Plant Molecular Biology 75 (2011): 25–33.
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Caldelari, Daniela, Gaoge Wang, Edward E. Farmer, and Xinnian Dong. “Arabidopsis lox3 lox4 double mutants are male sterile and defective in global proliferative arrest.” Plant Molecular Biology 75, no. 1–2 (January 2011): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-010-9701-9.Full Text
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Wang, Shui, Wendy E. Durrant, Junqi Song, Natalie W. Spivey, and Xinnian Dong. “Arabidopsis BRCA2 and RAD51 proteins are specifically involved in defense gene transcription during plant immune responses.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 52 (December 13, 2010): 22716–21. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005978107.Full Text
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Pajerowska-Mukhtar, Karolina, and Xinnian Dong. “A kiss of death--proteasome-mediated membrane fusion and programmed cell death in plant defense against bacterial infection.” Genes & Development 23, no. 21 (November 2009): 2449–54. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1861609.Full Text
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Saijo, Yusuke, Nico Tintor, Xunli Lu, Philipp Rauf, Karolina Pajerowska-Mukhtar, Heidrun Häweker, Xinnian Dong, Silke Robatzek, and Paul Schulze-Lefert. “Receptor quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum for plant innate immunity.” The Embo Journal 28, no. 21 (November 2009): 3439–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2009.263.Full Text
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Dong, Xinnian, and Regine Kahmann. “Battle for survival: plants and their allies and enemies.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12, no. 4 (August 2009): 387–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2009.07.001.Full Text
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Spoel, Steven H., Zhonglin Mou, Yasuomi Tada, Natalie W. Spivey, Pascal Genschik, and Xinnian Dong. “Proteasome-mediated turnover of the transcription coactivator NPR1 plays dual roles in regulating plant immunity.” Cell 137, no. 5 (May 2009): 860–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.038.Full Text
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Tada, Yasuomi, Steven H. Spoel, Karolina Pajerowska-Mukhtar, Zhonglin Mou, Junqi Song, Chun Wang, Jianru Zuo, and Xinnian Dong. “Plant immunity requires conformational changes [corrected] of NPR1 via S-nitrosylation and thioredoxins.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321, no. 5891 (August 2008): 952–56. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156970.Full Text
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Spoel, Steven H., and Xinnian Dong. “Making sense of hormone crosstalk during plant immune responses.” Cell Host & Microbe 3, no. 6 (June 2008): 348–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.009.Full Text
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Zhang, Xudong, Ya Dai, Yuqing Xiong, Christopher DeFraia, Jiayang Li, Xinnian Dong, and Zhonglin Mou. “Overexpression of Arabidopsis MAP kinase kinase 7 leads to activation of plant basal and systemic acquired resistance.” The Plant Journal : For Cell and Molecular Biology 52, no. 6 (December 2007): 1066–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03294.x.Full Text
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Spoel, Steven H., Jessica S. Johnson, and Xinnian Dong. “Regulation of tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, no. 47 (November 12, 2007): 18842–47. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708139104.Full Text
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Wang, Dong, Karolina Pajerowska-Mukhtar, Angela Hendrickson Culler, and Xinnian Dong. “Salicylic acid inhibits pathogen growth in plants through repression of the auxin signaling pathway.” Current Biology : Cb 17, no. 20 (October 4, 2007): 1784–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.025.Full Text
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Xue, Chaoyang, Yasuomi Tada, Xinnian Dong, and Joseph Heitman. “The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus can complete its sexual cycle during a pathogenic association with plants.” Cell Host Microbe 1, no. 4 (June 14, 2007): 263–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.05.005.Full Text Link to Item
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Kesarwani, Meenu, Jungmin Yoo, and Xinnian Dong. “Genetic interactions of TGA transcription factors in the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes and disease resistance in Arabidopsis.” Plant Physiology 144, no. 1 (May 2007): 336–46. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.095299.Full Text
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Durrant, W. E., S. Wang, and X. Dong. “Erratum: Arabidopsis SNI1 and RAD51D regulate both gene transcription and DNA recombination during the defense response (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2007) 104, 10, (4223-4227) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609357104).” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, no. 17 (April 24, 2007): 7307. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702347104.Full Text
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Durrant, Wendy E., Shui Wang, and Xinnian Dong. “Arabidopsis SNI1 and RAD51D regulate both gene transcription and DNA recombination during the defense response.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, no. 10 (March 2007): 4223–27. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609357104.Full Text
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Wang, D., N. Amornsiripanitch, and X. Dong. “A genomic approach to identify regulatory nodes in the transcriptional network of systemic acquired resistance in plants.” Plos Pathogens 2, no. 11 (November 1, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020123.Full Text
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Wang, Dong, Nita Amornsiripanitch, and Xinnian Dong. “A genomic approach to identify regulatory nodes in the transcriptional network of systemic acquired resistance in plants.” Plos Pathogens 2, no. 11 (November 2006): e123. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020123.Full Text
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Heidel, Andrew J., and Xinnian Dong. “Fitness benefits of systemic acquired resistance during Hyaloperonospora parasitica infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.” Genetics 173, no. 3 (July 2006): 1621–28. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.059022.Full Text
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Mosher, Rebecca A., Wendy E. Durrant, Dong Wang, Junqi Song, and Xinnian Dong. “A comprehensive structure-function analysis of Arabidopsis SNI1 defines essential regions and transcriptional repressor activity.” The Plant Cell 18, no. 7 (July 2006): 1750–65. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.039677.Full Text
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Wang, Dong, Natalie D. Weaver, Meenu Kesarwani, and Xinnian Dong. “Induction of protein secretory pathway is required for systemic acquired resistance.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 308, no. 5724 (May 2005): 1036–40. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1108791.Full Text
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Heidel, Andrew J., Joseph D. Clarke, Janis Antonovics, and Xinnian Dong. “Fitness costs of mutations affecting the systemic acquired resistance pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.” Genetics 168, no. 4 (December 2004): 2197–2206. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.032193.Full Text
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Dong, Xinnian. “NPR1, all things considered.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology 7, no. 5 (October 2004): 547–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2004.07.005.Full Text
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Dong, Xinnian. “The role of membrane-bound ankyrin-repeat protein ACD6 in programmed cell death and plant defense.” Science’S Stke : Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment 2004, no. 221 (February 17, 2004): pe6. https://doi.org/10.1126/stke.2212004pe6.Full Text
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Dong, X. “ACD6, an ankryn-repeat protein that both regulates and is regulated by the plant hormone salicylic acid helps plants defend against pathogens.” Science’S Stke, February 2004.Link to Item
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Dong, Xinnian. “Pathogen-induced systemic DNA rearrangement in plants.” Trends in Plant Science 9, no. 2 (February 2004): 60–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2003.12.002.Full Text
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Durrant, W. E., and X. Dong. “Systemic acquired resistance.” Annual Review of Phytopathology 42 (January 2004): 185–209. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140421.Full Text
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Zhang, Yuelin, Sandra Goritschnig, Xinnian Dong, and Xin Li. “A gain-of-function mutation in a plant disease resistance gene leads to constitutive activation of downstream signal transduction pathways in suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1.” The Plant Cell 15, no. 11 (November 2003): 2636–46. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.015842.Full Text
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Mou, Zhonglin, Weihua Fan, and Xinnian Dong. “Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes.” Cell 113, no. 7 (June 2003): 935–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00429-x.Full Text
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Spoel, Steven H., Annemart Koornneef, Susanne M. C. Claessens, Jerôme P. Korzelius, Johan A. Van Pelt, Martin J. Mueller, Antony J. Buchala, et al. “NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol.” The Plant Cell 15, no. 3 (March 2003): 760–70. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.009159.Full Text
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Fan, Weihua, and Xinnian Dong. “In vivo interaction between NPR1 and transcription factor TGA2 leads to salicylic acid-mediated gene activation in Arabidopsis.” The Plant Cell 14, no. 6 (June 2002): 1377–89. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.001628.Full Text
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Fan, W., and X. Dong. “In Vivo Interaction between NPR1 and transcription.” Plant Cell 14 (2002).
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Li, X., J. D. Clarke, Y. Zhang, and X. Dong. “Activation of an EDS1-mediated R-gene pathway in the snc1 mutant leads to constitutive, NPR1-independent pathogen resistance.” Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions : Mpmi 14, no. 10 (October 2001): 1131–39. https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1131.Full Text
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Dong, X. “Genetic dissection of systemic acquired resistance.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4, no. 4 (August 2001): 309–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00178-3.Full Text
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Li, X., Y. Song, K. Century, S. Straight, P. Ronald, X. Dong, M. Lassner, and Y. Zhang. “A fast neutron deletion mutagenesis-based reverse genetics system for plants.” The Plant Journal : For Cell and Molecular Biology 27, no. 3 (August 2001): 235–42. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01084.x.Full Text
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Chern, M. S., H. A. Fitzgerald, R. C. Yadav, P. E. Canlas, X. Dong, and P. C. Ronald. “Evidence for a disease-resistance pathway in rice similar to the NPR1-mediated signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.” The Plant Journal : For Cell and Molecular Biology 27, no. 2 (July 2001): 101–13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01070.x.Full Text
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Clarke, J. D., N. Aarts, B. J. Feys, X. Dong, and J. E. Parker. “Constitutive disease resistance requires EDS1 in the Arabidopsis mutants cpr1 and cpr6 and is partially EDS1-dependent in cpr5.” The Plant Journal : For Cell and Molecular Biology 26, no. 4 (May 2001): 409–20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.2641041.x.Full Text
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Jirage, D., N. Zhou, B. Cooper, J. D. Clarke, X. Dong, and J. Glazebrook. “Constitutive salicylic acid-dependent signaling in cpr1 and cpr6 mutants requires PAD4.” The Plant Journal : For Cell and Molecular Biology 26, no. 4 (May 2001): 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.2641040.x.Full Text
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Dong, X., E. L. Braun, and E. Grotewold. “Functional conservation of plant secondary metabolic enzymes revealed by complementation of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutants with maize genes.” Plant Physiology 127, no. 1 (2001): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.127.1.46.Full Text
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Dong, X., X. Li, Y. Zhang, W. Fan, M. Kinkema, and J. Clarke. “Regulation of systemic acquired resistance by NPR1 and its partners.” Novartis Foundation Symposium 236 (January 2001): 165–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470515778.ch12.Full Text
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Kinkema, M., W. Fan, and X. Dong. “Nuclear localization of NPR1 is required for activation of PR gene expression.” The Plant Cell 12, no. 12 (December 2000): 2339–50. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.12.12.2339.Full Text
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Clarke, J. D., S. M. Volko, H. Ledford, F. M. Ausubel, and X. Dong. “Roles of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene in cpr-induced resistance in arabidopsis.” The Plant Cell 12, no. 11 (November 2000): 2175–90. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.12.11.2175.Full Text
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Li, X., Y. Zhang, J. D. Clarke, Y. Li, and X. Dong. “Identification and cloning of a negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance, SNI1, through a screen for suppressors of npr1-1.” Cell 98, no. 3 (August 1999): 329–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81962-5.Full Text
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Zhang, Y., W. Fan, M. Kinkema, X. Li, and X. Dong. “Interaction of NPR1 with basic leucine zipper protein transcription factors that bind sequences required for salicylic acid induction of the PR-1 gene.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, no. 11 (May 1999): 6523–28. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.11.6523.Full Text
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Dong, X. “SA, JA, ethylene, and disease resistance in plants.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology 1, no. 4 (August 1998): 316–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/1369-5266(88)80053-0.Full Text
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Cao, H., X. Li, and X. Dong. “Generation of broad-spectrum disease resistance by overexpression of an essential regulatory gene in systemic acquired resistance.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, no. 11 (May 1998): 6531–36. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.11.6531.Full Text
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Clarke, J. D., Y. Liu, D. F. Klessig, and X. Dong. “Uncoupling PR gene expression from NPR1 and bacterial resistance: characterization of the dominant Arabidopsis cpr6-1 mutant.” The Plant Cell 10, no. 4 (April 1998): 557–69. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.10.4.557.Full Text
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Bowling, S. A., J. D. Clarke, Y. Liu, D. F. Klessig, and X. Dong. “The cpr5 mutant of Arabidopsis expresses both NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent resistance.” The Plant Cell 9, no. 9 (September 1997): 1573–84. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.9.9.1573.Full Text
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Cao, H., J. Glazebrook, J. D. Clarke, S. Volko, and X. Dong. “The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene that controls systemic acquired resistance encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin repeats.” Cell 88, no. 1 (January 1997): 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81858-9.Full Text
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Dong, X. “Finding the missing pieces in the puzzle of plant disease resistance.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, no. 16 (August 1995): 7137–39. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.16.7137.Full Text
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Bowling, S. A., A. Guo, H. Cao, A. S. Gordon, D. F. Klessig, and X. Dong. “A mutation in Arabidopsis that leads to constitutive expression of systemic acquired resistance.” The Plant Cell 6, no. 12 (December 1994): 1845–57. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.6.12.1845.Full Text
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Cao, H., S. A. Bowling, A. S. Gordon, and X. Dong. “Characterization of an Arabidopsis Mutant That Is Nonresponsive to Inducers of Systemic Acquired Resistance.” The Plant Cell 6, no. 11 (November 1994): 1583–92. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.6.11.1583.Full Text
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Melan, M. A., X. Dong, M. E. Endara, K. R. Davis, F. M. Ausubel, and T. K. Peterman. “An Arabidopsis thaliana lipoxygenase gene can be induced by pathogens, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate.” Plant Physiology 101, no. 2 (February 1993): 441–50. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.101.2.441.Full Text
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Keith, B., X. N. Dong, F. M. Ausubel, and G. R. Fink. “Differential induction of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by wounding and pathogenic attack.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88, no. 19 (October 1991): 8821–25. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.19.8821.Full Text
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Dong, X., M. Mindrinos, K. R. Davis, and F. M. Ausubel. “Induction of Arabidopsis defense genes by virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains and by a cloned avirulence gene.” The Plant Cell 3, no. 1 (January 1991): 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.3.1.61.Full Text
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Dong, X. N., K. P. Rouillard, D. D. Womble, and R. H. Rownd. “DNA bending near the replication origin of IncFII plasmid NR1.” Journal of Bacteriology 171, no. 2 (February 1989): 703–7. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.171.2.703-707.1989.Full Text
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Dong, X. N., D. D. Womble, and R. H. Rownd. “In-vivo studies on the cis-acting replication initiator protein of IncFII plasmid NR1.” Journal of Molecular Biology 202, no. 3 (August 1988): 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(88)90281-1.Full Text
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Dong, X. N., D. D. Womble, and R. H. Rownd. “Transcriptional pausing in a region important for plasmid NR1 replication control.” Journal of Bacteriology 169, no. 12 (December 1987): 5353–63. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.169.12.5353-5363.1987.Full Text
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Dong, X. N., D. D. Womble, and R. H. Rownd. “Transcriptional pausing in a region important for plasmid NR1 replication control.” Journal of Bacteriology 169, no. 12 (1987): 5353–63.
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Dong, X., D. D. Womble, V. A. Luckow, and R. H. Rownd. “Regulation of transcription of the repA1 gene in the replication control region of IncFII plasmid NR1 by gene dosage of the repA2 transcription repressor protein.” Journal of Bacteriology 161, no. 2 (February 1985): 544–51. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.161.2.544-551.1985.Full Text
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Womble, D. D., X. Dong, V. A. Luckow, R. P. Wu, and R. H. Rownd. “Analysis of the individual regulatory components of the IncFII plasmid replication control system.” Journal of Bacteriology 161, no. 2 (February 1985): 534–43. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.161.2.534-543.1985.Full Text
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Rownd, R. H., D. D. Womble, X. N. Dong, V. A. Luckow, and R. P. Wu. “Incompatibility and IncFII plasmid replication control.” Basic Life Sciences 30 (January 1985): 335–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2447-8_26.Full Text
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Womble, D. D., X. Dong, R. P. Wu, V. A. Luckow, A. F. Martinez, and R. H. Rownd. “IncFII plasmid incompatibility product and its target are both RNA transcripts.” Journal of Bacteriology 160, no. 1 (October 1984): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.160.1.28-35.1984.Full Text
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Conference Papers
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Mcmillan, H. M., S. G. Zebell, X. Dong, and M. J. Kuehn. “Bacterial vesicles: Double agents for plant defense.” In Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, 32:34–35. AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC, 2019.Link to Item
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Li, X., Y. L. Zhang, J. Clarke, M. Kinkema, W. H. Fan, and X. N. Dong. “Systemic acquired resistance is controlled by both positive and negative regulators.” In Biology of Plant Microbe Interactions, Vol 2, edited by J. G. M. DeWit, T. Bisseling, and W. J. Stiekema, 282–86. INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, 2000.Link to Item
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DONG, X., S. A. BOWLING, and H. CAO. “GENETIC DISSECTION OF THE SAR SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY(S) IN ARABIDOPSIS.” In Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 486–486. WILEY-LISS, 1995.Link to Item
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- Teaching & Mentoring
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Recent Courses
- BIOLOGY 212: General Microbiology 2021
- BIOLOGY 212L: General Microbiology 2021
- BIOLOGY 792: Research 2021
- BIOLOGY 212L: General Microbiology 2020
- BIOLOGY 493: Research Independent Study 2020
- BIOLOGY 718S: Developmental, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Seminar 2020
- BIOLOGY 792: Research 2020
- BIOLOGY 212L: General Microbiology 2019
- BIOLOGY 293: Research Independent Study 2019
- BIOLOGY 493: Research Independent Study 2019
- BIOLOGY 718S: Developmental, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Seminar 2019
- BIOLOGY 792: Research 2019
- Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
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Presentations & Appearances
- “Precision in plant immune expression, not lost in translation”.. Yale University. November 6, 2020 2020
- "Engineering plant disease resistance through basic research” . Nanjing Agricultural University. October 26, 2020 2020
- "Precision in plant immune expression". Donald Danforth Plant Science Center. September 23, 2020 2020
- "Precision in plant immune expression: Not lost in translation.". Immunology Department, Duke Medical Center. September 15, 2020 2020
- "Precision in plant immune expression: Not lost in translation". BASF. August 17, 2020 2020
- "Precision in plant immune expression: Not lost in translation". King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. June 16, 2020 2020
- "Breaking the disease triangle with the circadian clock". SRBR Society Meeting. May 31, 2020 - July 4, 2020 2020
- “Engineering crop disease resistance through basic research”. Inari Agriculture, Inc.. April 16, 2020 2020
- CBIS 2013. December 21, 2013 2013
- University of Maryland. December 4, 2013 2013
- UC Davis. November 15, 2013 2013
- Innate Immunity of Plants. November 4, 2013 2013
- Ray Wu Prize Symposium. October 21, 2013 2013
- the 11th International Conference on the Frontiers of Plant Biology. October 18, 2013 2013
- Institute of Plant Protection. October 17, 2013 2013
- 7th EPSO Conference. September 1, 2013 2013
- The 14th SCBA International Symposium. July 19, 2013 2013
- Plant Center Spring Symposium. May 8, 2013 2013
- NAS Research Briefings (http://vimeo.com/65599992). May 6, 2013 2013
- HHMI annual meeting. March 5, 2013 2013
- University of Northern Texas. November 9, 2012 2012
- The HHMI/GBMF Investigator Symposium. October 16, 2012 2012
- The 10th Annual Symposium in Plant Biology, UMass. October 6, 2012 2012
- Nature Conference on Frontiers in plant biology: From discovery to applications. October 3, 2012 2012
- The 2nd International Conference on Model Hosts. September 3, 2012 2012
- Korean University. August 6, 2012 2012
- KRIBB. August 3, 2012 2012
- The XV International Congress on MPMI. July 30, 2012 2012
- Gordon Research Conference on Plant Molecular Biology. July 16, 2012 2012
- Wuhan University. June 28, 2012 2012
- Institute of Plant Protection of CAAS. June 22, 2012 2012
- The 77th CSHL Symposium: the Biology of Plants. May 30, 2012 2012
- EMBO workshop on Genetic stability & change: Genome maintenance mechanisms in plants. May 2, 2012 2012
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology. November 18, 2011 2011
- The 2nd International Conference on Biotic Plant Interactions. November 12, 2011 2011
- Institute of Botany. November 4, 2011 2011
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute. October 6, 2011 2011
- NCSU. September 12, 2011 2011
- The 13th International Symposium for SCBA. July 25, 2011 2011
- The 22nd International Conference on Arabidopsis Research. June 22, 2011 2011
- Texas A & M. February 1, 2011 2011
- University of Wisconsin, Madison. November 9, 2010 2010
- Carnegie Institution for Science. October 1, 2010 2010
- University of California, Berkeley. September 29, 2010 2010
- Michigan State University. September 27, 2010 2010
- The 7th TriNational Arabidopsis Meeting. September 15, 2010 2010
- The 20th International Plant Growth Substances Association conference.. June 28, 2010 2010
- NIBS. June 16, 2010 2010
- The 21st International Conference on Arabidopsis Research. June 6, 2010 2010
- University of Texas, Austin. March 1, 2010 2010
- Cologne Spring Meeting, Cologne, Germany. February 17, 2010 2010
- RWTH Aachen University. February 16, 2010 2010
- Invited Speaker, Frontiers in Plant Biology, Suzhou, China. November 14, 2009 2009
- Invited Speaker, The 9th International Plant Molecular Biology Congress, St. Louis, MO. October 26, 2009 2009
- Invited Speaker, University of Pittsburg. October 19, 2009 2009
- Millikan Memorial Lecturer, University of Missouri. September 16, 2009 2009
- Plenary Speaker, The XIV International Congress on MPMI, Quebec City, Canada. July 1, 2009 2009
- Adolph Waller Memorial Lecturer, Ohio State University. April 16, 2009 2009
- Centro Biotecnología Genómica Plantas (CBGP), Spain. December 12, 2008 2008
- University of Minnesota. November 11, 2008 2008
- Forum on Plant Genome Biology and Beyond, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, China. September 19, 2008 2008
- International Conference on Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, China,. September 12, 2008 2008
- XVI Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology, Finland. August 17, 2008 2008
- National University of Singapore, Singapore. July 1, 2008 2008
- Hokkaido University, Japan. June 26, 2008 2008
- RIKEN, Plant Science Center, Japan. June 23, 2008 2008
- Rutgers. April 18, 2008 2008
- The 2008 Plant Genomics Program at UC Davis Charley Rick Symposium. March 13, 2008 2008
- Keystone Meeting. February 10, 2008 2008
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Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
- Unknown. IGSP Summer Fellowship Research. July 1, 2012 2012
- Unknown. Lab host. January 1, 2012 2012
- Unknown. Durham Tech Student Intern. December 20, 2010 2010
- Unknown. IGSP Summer Fellowship Research. December 20, 2010 2010
- Unknown. Durham Tech Class Tour. July 2010 2010
- Unknown. High School Student Intern. June 2010 2010
- Unknown. Summer Undergraduate Research. June 2010 2010
- Unknown. Durhan Tech Class Tour. May 2010 2010
- Unknown. Durham Tech Student Intern. March 2010 2010
- Unknown. Durham Tech Student Intern. January 2010 2010
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Service to the Profession
- Reviewer for proposals. January 1, 2013 2013
- reviewer : Molecular Cell, MPMI, Plant Phys., PloS One, PloS Biol., Proteome Science, Nature Chemical Biology, Nature Communications, PloS Pathogens, Trends in P. January 1, 2013 - December 14, 2013 2013
- Editorial Board Member : Molecular Plant. 2012 - 2013 2012 - 2013
- Reviewer for manuscripts. January 1, 2012 2012
- Faculty search committee (Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Med Center). December 1, 2011 2011
- Co-organizer of the 2nd International Conference on Biotic Plant Interactions. November 12, 2011 2011
- External review committee member for the Center for Integrated Fungal Research, NCSU. October 11, 2011 2011
- PI on the NSF meeting grant for this conference : Co-organizer of the 22nd International Conference on Arabidopsis Research. June 23, 2011 2011
- papers refereed for PNAS, PloS One, MPlant, Plant J., Nature, Plant Cell, Cell Host & Microbe. January 1, 2011 - December 19, 2011 2011
- Ad Hoc Reviewer for professional journals. January 1, 2010 - December 16, 2010 2010
- Editorial Board for The Plant Cell. January 1, 2010 2010
- Editorial board for the Plant Cell. January 1, 2010 2010
- Manuscript Reviewer/Referree. January 1, 2009 2009
- reviewer for PNAS, Cell Host & Microbe, Nature, Plant Phys., PloS Genetics, Plant Cell, PloS Pathogens,. January 1, 2008 - December 30, 2008 2008
Some information on this profile has been compiled automatically from Duke databases and external sources. (Our About page explains how this works.) If you see a problem with the information, please write to Scholars@Duke and let us know. We will reply promptly.
