Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · September 2024
In plants, a local infection can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) through increased production of salicylic acid (SA). For many years, the identity of the mobile signal and its direct transduction mechanism for systemic SA synthesis in initiating ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2024
Plants employ distinct mechanisms to respond to environmental changes. Modification of mRNA by N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), known to affect the fate of mRNA, may be one such mechanism to reprogram mRNA processing and translatabil ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant · August 2024
For over 60 years, salicylic acid (SA) has been known as a plant immune signal required for basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SA activates these immune responses by reprogramming ∼20% of the transcriptome through the function of NPR1. However, ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · May 2024
As the most widely used herbal medicine in human history and a major defence hormone in plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens and abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) has attracted major research interest. With applications of modern technologies o ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlebioRxiv · January 4, 2024
For over 60 years, salicylic acid (SA) has been known as a plant immune signal required for both basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SA activates these immune responses by reprogramming up to 20% of the transcriptome through the function of NPR1. ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular cell · January 2024
Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was discovered in Arabidopsis as an activator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses nearly 30 years ago. How NPR1 confers resistance against a variety of pathogens and stresses has been extensi ...
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Journal ArticleNature · September 2023
Translational reprogramming allows organisms to adapt to changing conditions. Upstream start codons (uAUGs), which are prevalently present in mRNAs, have crucial roles in regulating translation by providing alternative translation start sites1-4 ...
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Journal ArticlebioRxiv · August 1, 2023
In plants, a local infection can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) through increased production of salicylic acid (SA). For 30 years, the identity of the mobile signal and its direct transduction mechanism for systemic SA synthesis in initiating S ...
Full textOpen AccessLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleCurr Opin Plant Biol · June 2023
In the past 30 years, our knowledge of how nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) serves as a master regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses in plants has been informed largely by molecular genetic studies. Despite extensive ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · March 2023
The recognition of pathogen effectors by their cognate nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants. ETI is associated with correlated transcriptional and translational reprogramming and subse ...
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Journal ArticleCell · August 2022
Upon stress, eukaryotes typically reprogram their translatome through GCN2-mediated phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor, eIF2α, to inhibit general translation initiation while selectively translating essential stress regulators. ...
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Journal ArticleNature · May 2022
NPR1 is a master regulator of the defence transcriptome induced by the plant immune signal salicylic acid1-4. Despite the important role of NPR1 in plant immunity5-7, understanding of its regulatory mechanisms has been hindered by a lack of structural info ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in immunology · April 2022
Upon pathogen challenge, plant cells can mount defense not only by triggering programmed cell death (PCD) to limit pathogen growth, but also by secreting immune signals to activate subsequent organism-scale defense responses. Recent advances in the study o ...
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Journal ArticleCell Rep · January 19, 2021
Featured Publication
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) perform a variety of functions in bacterial survival and virulence. In mammalian systems, OMVs activate immune responses and are exploited as vaccines. However, little work has focused on the interactions of OMVs wi ...
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Journal ArticleNature · October 2020
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone that is critical for resistance to pathogens1-3. The NPR proteins have previously been identified as SA receptors4-10, although how they perceive SA and coordinate hormonal signalling remain unkn ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant · October 2020
After three decades of the amazing progress made on molecular studies of plant-microbe interactions (MPMI), we have begun to ask ourselves "what are the major questions still remaining?" as if the puzzle has only a few pieces missing. Such an exercise has ...
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Journal ArticleCell · September 2020
In plants, pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often leads to programmed cell death, which is restricted by NPR1, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. However, the biochemical activities of NPR1 enabling it to promote defense and restrict c ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant · January 2020
Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity, when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns. However, it is not fully known whether translational regulation also ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · September 2024
In plants, a local infection can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) through increased production of salicylic acid (SA). For many years, the identity of the mobile signal and its direct transduction mechanism for systemic SA synthesis in initiating ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · August 2024
Plants employ distinct mechanisms to respond to environmental changes. Modification of mRNA by N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), known to affect the fate of mRNA, may be one such mechanism to reprogram mRNA processing and translatabil ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleMolecular plant · August 2024
For over 60 years, salicylic acid (SA) has been known as a plant immune signal required for basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SA activates these immune responses by reprogramming ∼20% of the transcriptome through the function of NPR1. However, ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · May 2024
As the most widely used herbal medicine in human history and a major defence hormone in plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens and abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) has attracted major research interest. With applications of modern technologies o ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlebioRxiv · January 4, 2024
For over 60 years, salicylic acid (SA) has been known as a plant immune signal required for both basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SA activates these immune responses by reprogramming up to 20% of the transcriptome through the function of NPR1. ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleMolecular cell · January 2024
Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was discovered in Arabidopsis as an activator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses nearly 30 years ago. How NPR1 confers resistance against a variety of pathogens and stresses has been extensi ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleNature · September 2023
Translational reprogramming allows organisms to adapt to changing conditions. Upstream start codons (uAUGs), which are prevalently present in mRNAs, have crucial roles in regulating translation by providing alternative translation start sites1-4 ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlebioRxiv · August 1, 2023
In plants, a local infection can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) through increased production of salicylic acid (SA). For 30 years, the identity of the mobile signal and its direct transduction mechanism for systemic SA synthesis in initiating S ...
Full textOpen AccessLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleCurr Opin Plant Biol · June 2023
In the past 30 years, our knowledge of how nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) serves as a master regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses in plants has been informed largely by molecular genetic studies. Despite extensive ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · March 2023
The recognition of pathogen effectors by their cognate nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants. ETI is associated with correlated transcriptional and translational reprogramming and subse ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleCell · August 2022
Upon stress, eukaryotes typically reprogram their translatome through GCN2-mediated phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor, eIF2α, to inhibit general translation initiation while selectively translating essential stress regulators. ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleNature · May 2022
NPR1 is a master regulator of the defence transcriptome induced by the plant immune signal salicylic acid1-4. Despite the important role of NPR1 in plant immunity5-7, understanding of its regulatory mechanisms has been hindered by a lack of structural info ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in immunology · April 2022
Upon pathogen challenge, plant cells can mount defense not only by triggering programmed cell death (PCD) to limit pathogen growth, but also by secreting immune signals to activate subsequent organism-scale defense responses. Recent advances in the study o ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleCell Rep · January 19, 2021
Featured Publication
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) perform a variety of functions in bacterial survival and virulence. In mammalian systems, OMVs activate immune responses and are exploited as vaccines. However, little work has focused on the interactions of OMVs wi ...
Full textOpen AccessLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleNature · October 2020
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone that is critical for resistance to pathogens1-3. The NPR proteins have previously been identified as SA receptors4-10, although how they perceive SA and coordinate hormonal signalling remain unkn ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleMolecular plant · October 2020
After three decades of the amazing progress made on molecular studies of plant-microbe interactions (MPMI), we have begun to ask ourselves "what are the major questions still remaining?" as if the puzzle has only a few pieces missing. Such an exercise has ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleCell · September 2020
In plants, pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often leads to programmed cell death, which is restricted by NPR1, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. However, the biochemical activities of NPR1 enabling it to promote defense and restrict c ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleMolecular plant · January 2020
Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity, when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns. However, it is not fully known whether translational regulation also ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2019
The plant circadian clock evolved to increase fitness by synchronizing physiological processes with environmental oscillations. Crop fitness was artificially selected through domestication and breeding, and the circadian clock was identified by both natura ...
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Journal ArticleBio-protocol · April 2019
We describe a protocol to measure the contribution of humidity on cell death during the effector-triggered immunity (ETI), the plant immune response triggered by the recognition of pathogen effectors by plant resistance genes. This protocol quantifies tiss ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · October 2018
Early circadian studies in plants by de Mairan and de Candolle alluded to a regulation of circadian clocks by humidity. However, this regulation has not been described in detail, nor has its influence on physiology been demonstrated. Here we report that, u ...
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Journal ArticleFree radical biology & medicine · May 2018
Plants' reliance on sunlight for energy makes their light-driven circadian clock a critical regulator in balancing the energy needs for vital activities such as growth and defense. Recent studies show that the circadian clock acts as a strategic planner to ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · August 2017
Plants have evolved multi-layered molecular defense strategies to protect against pathogens. Plant immune signaling largely relies on post-translational modifications (PTMs) to induce rapid alterations of signaling pathways to achieve a response that is ap ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant · August 2017
Plants employ sophisticated mechanisms to interact with pathogenic as well as beneficial microbes. Of those, membrane trafficking is key in establishing a rapid and precise response. Upon interaction with pathogenic microbes, surface-localized immune recep ...
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Journal ArticleNature · May 2017
Controlling plant disease has been a struggle for humankind since the advent of agriculture. Studies of plant immune mechanisms have led to strategies of engineering resistant crops through ectopic transcription of plants' own defence genes, such as the ma ...
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Journal ArticleNature · May 2017
In the absence of specialized immune cells, the need for plants to reprogram transcription to transition from growth-related activities to defence is well understood. However, little is known about translational changes that occur during immune induction. ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · February 2017
Genetic and biochemical evidence supporting CATALASE2 as a salicylic acid (SA) receptor has finally emerged. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Yuan et al. (2017) show that SA binds to CATALASE2 to inhibit auxin and jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzymes as ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · October 2016
Plasmodesmata (Pd) are membranous channels that serve as a major conduit for cell-to-cell communication in plants. The Pd-associated β-1,3-glucanase (BG_pap) and CALLOSE BINDING PROTEIN1 (PDCB1) were identified as key regulators of Pd conductivity. Both ar ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · October 2016
It is an apparent conundrum how plants evolved effector-triggered immunity (ETI), involving programmed cell death (PCD), as a major defence mechanism against biotrophic pathogens, because ETI-associated PCD could leave them vulnerable to necrotrophic patho ...
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Journal ArticleCell · September 2016
Nuclear transport of immune receptors, signal transducers, and transcription factors is an essential regulatory mechanism for immune activation. Whether and how this process is regulated at the level of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) remains unclear. Here, ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · October 2015
Various cell death mechanisms are integral to host defense in both plants and mammals. Plant defense against biotrophic pathogens is associated with programmed cell death (PCD) of the infected cell. This effector-triggered PCD is partly analogous to pyropt ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · August 2015
NPR1, a master regulator of basal and systemic acquired resistance in plants, confers immunity through a transcriptional cascade, which includes transcription activators (e.g., TGA3) and repressors (e.g., WRKY70), leading to the massive induction of antimi ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · July 2015
The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is essential for local defense and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA biosynthesis generally occurs through transcriptional in ...
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Journal ArticleDevelopmental cell · July 2015
The chloroplast is a primary site for the production of immune signals in plants. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Caplan et al. (2015) report that chloroplasts send out stromules as signal conduits for transmission of these immune signals to the nucle ...
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Journal ArticleNature communications · June 2015
Heterosis, the phenotypic superiority of a hybrid over its parents, has been demonstrated for many traits in Arabidopsis thaliana, but its effect on defence remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that hybrids between some A. thaliana accessions show inc ...
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Journal ArticlePhytochemistry · April 2015
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidases or apoplastic peroxidases play an important role in the plant defense response. Diminished expression of at least two Arabidopsis thaliana peroxidase encoding genes, PRX33 (At3g49110) and PRX34 (At3 ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · December 2014
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI), the major host defense mechanism in plants, is often associated with programmed cell death (PCD). Plants lack close homologs of caspases, the key mediators of PCD in animals. So although the NB-LRR receptors involved in E ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · August 2014
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a central role in plant innate immunity. The diverse functions of this simple phenolic compound suggest that plants may have multiple SA receptors. Several SA-binding proteins have been identified using biochemical approaches. How ...
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Journal ArticlePloS one · January 2014
Nudix hydrolases comprise a large gene family of twenty nine members in Arabidopsis, each containing a conserved motif capable of hydrolyzing specific substrates like ADP-glucose and NADH. Until now only two members of this family, AtNUDX6 and AtNUDX7, hav ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular cell · November 2013
DNA damage is normally detrimental to living organisms. Here we show that it can also serve as a signal to promote immune responses in plants. We found that the plant immune hormone salicylic acid (SA) can trigger DNA damage in the absence of a genotoxic a ...
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Journal ArticlePhysiological and Molecular Plant Pathology · October 1, 2013
Citrus canker is a devastating disease, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). It is well established that the NPR1 gene plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis. In this study, we report the isolation and charac ...
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Journal ArticleAnnual review of plant biology · January 2013
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced immune mechanism in plants. Unlike vertebrate adaptive immunity, SAR is broad spectrum, with no specificity to the initial infection. An avirulent pathogen causing local programmed cell death can induce SAR ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · June 2012
Phytopathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling to access nutrients and counteract defense responses. Pseudomonas syringae produces coronatine, a toxin that mimics the plant hormone jasmonic acid isoleucine and promotes opening of stomata for bacteri ...
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Journal ArticleNature · May 2012
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant immune signal produced after pathogen challenge to induce systemic acquired resistance. It is the only major plant hormone for which the receptor has not been firmly identified. Systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis req ...
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Journal ArticlePloS one · February 2012
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated protein secretion and quality control have been shown to play an important role in immune responses in both animals and plants. In mammals, the ER membrane-located IRE1 kinase/endoribonuclease, a key regulator of unfolde ...
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Journal ArticleNature reviews. Immunology · January 2012
Vertebrates have evolved a sophisticated adaptive immune system that relies on an almost infinite diversity of antigen receptors that are clonally expressed by specialized immune cells that roam the circulatory system. These immune cells provide vertebrate ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 2011
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats containing proteins (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. Overaccumulation of NLRs often leads to autoimmune responses, suggesting that the levels of these immune receptors must ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant · July 2011
Secretion of proteins and other molecules is the primary means by which a cell interacts with its surroundings. The overall organization of the secretory system is remarkably conserved among eukaryotes, and many of the components have been investigated in ...
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Journal ArticleNature · February 2011
The principal immune mechanism against biotrophic pathogens in plants is the resistance (R)-gene-mediated defence. It was proposed to share components with the broad-spectrum basal defence machinery. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely u ...
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Journal ArticleCell host & microbe · February 2011
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), an inducible plant-defense response to local infection, requires the signaling molecule salicylic acid (SA) and the transcriptional coactivator NPR1, with concerted activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Arabidop ...
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Journal ArticlePlant molecular biology · January 2011
Fertility and flower development are both controlled in part by jasmonates, fatty acid-derived mediators produced via the activity of 13-lipoxygenases (13-LOXs). The Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 reference genome is predicted to encode four of these enzy ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · December 2010
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response associated with both transcriptional reprogramming and increased homologous DNA recombination (HR). SNI1 is a negative regulator of SAR and HR, as indicated by the increased basal expression of ...
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Journal ArticleThe EMBO journal · November 2009
Pattern recognition receptors in eukaryotes initiate defence responses on detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns shared by many microbe species. The Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases FLS2 and EFR recognize the bacterial epitopes flg22 and e ...
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Journal ArticleGenes & development · November 2009
Eukaryotes have evolved various means for controlled and organized cellular destruction, known as programmed cell death (PCD). In plants, PCD is a crucial regulatory mechanism in multiple physiological processes, including terminal differentiation, senesce ...
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Journal ArticleCell · May 2009
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a broad-spectrum plant immune response involving profound transcriptional changes that are regulated by the coactivator NPR1. Nuclear translocation of NPR1 is a critical regulatory step, but how the protein is regulate ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2007
Plants activate distinct defense responses depending on the lifestyle of the attacker encountered. In these responses, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play important signaling roles. SA induces defense against biotrophic pathogens that feed and ...
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Journal ArticlePlant J · October 2007
There is a growing body of evidence indicating that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in plant defense responses. Analysis of the completed Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence has revealed the existence of 20 MAPKs, 10 MAPKKs a ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent biology : CB · October 2007
The phytohormone auxin regulates almost every aspect of plant development. At the molecular level, auxin induces gene expression through direct physical interaction with the TIR1-like F box proteins, which in turn remove the Aux/IAA family of transcription ...
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Journal ArticleCell Host Microbe · June 14, 2007
Cryptococcus is a globally distributed human fungal pathogen that primarily afflicts immunocompromised individuals. How and why this human fungal pathogen associates with plants and how this environmental niche influences its life cycle remains a mystery. ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · May 2007
TGA transcription factors are implicated as regulators of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes because of their physical interaction with the known positive regulator, nonexpresser of PR gene1 (NPR1). A triple-knockout mutant tga2-1 tga5-1 tga6-1 was shown prev ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · March 2007
The plant immune response known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a general defense mechanism that confers long-lasting resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR triggers many molecular changes including accumulation of antimicrobial pat ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS pathogens · November 2006
Many biological processes are controlled by intricate networks of transcriptional regulators. With the development of microarray technology, transcriptional changes can be examined at the whole-genome level. However, such analysis often lacks information o ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS pathogens · November 1, 2006
Many biological processes are controlled by intricate networks of transcriptional regulators. With the development of microarray technology, transcriptional changes can be examined at the whole-genome level. However, such analysis often lacks information o ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · July 2006
The expression of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants involves the upregulation of many Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes, which work in concert to confer resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Because SAR is a costly process, SAR-associated t ...
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Journal ArticleGenetics · July 2006
We investigated the fitness benefits of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis thaliana using a mutational and transformational genetic approach. Genetic lines were designed to differ in the genes determining resistance signaling in a common gen ...
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Journal ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.) · May 2005
In plants, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is established as a result of NPR1-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Using gene expression profiling in Arabidopsis, we found that in addition to controlling the expression of PR genes, N ...
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Journal ArticleGenetics · December 2004
This study investigated the fitness effects of four mutations (npr1, cpr1, cpr5, and cpr6) and two transgenic genotypes (NPR1-L and NPR1-H) affecting different points of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling pathway associated with pathogen defe ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · October 2004
Recent work has shown that the Arabidopsis NPR1 protein not only plays an essential role in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic acquired resistance and rhizobacterium-triggered induced systemic resistance, but also is involved in crosstalk inhibition of ...
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Journal ArticleTrends in plant science · February 2004
Infection of tobacco plants with tobacco mosaic virus and oilseed rape mosaic virus was shown to induce a threefold increase in homologous DNA recombination in non-infected tissues. Grafting experiments by Igor Kovalchuk et al. demonstrated that this incre ...
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Journal ArticleScience's STKE : signal transduction knowledge environment · February 2004
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a common defense response in plants against pathogen infection. The recently cloned ACD6 gene was identified in an Arabidopsis mutant, accelerated cell death 6 (acd6), that undergoes PCD in the absence of a pathogen challenge ...
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Journal ArticleAnnual review of phytopathology · January 2004
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. SAR requires the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA) and is associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-r ...
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Journal ArticleCell · June 2003
NPR1 is an essential regulator of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which confers immunity to a broad-spectrum of pathogens. SAR induction results in accumulation of the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA), which induces defense gene expression via ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · March 2003
Plant defenses against pathogens and insects are regulated differentially by cross-communicating signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play key roles. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · June 2002
The Arabidopsis NPR1 protein is a key regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated gene expression in systemic acquired resistance. Based on yeast two-hybrid analysis, NPR1 has been suggested to interact with members of the TGA family of transcription factors ...
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Journal ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · October 2001
The Arabidopsis NPR1 protein is an essential regulatory component of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Mutations in the NPR1 gene completely block the induction of SAR by signals such as salicylic acid (SA). An Arabidopsis mutant, snc1 (suppressor of npr ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · August 2001
Significant progress has been made in the past year in understanding the mechanism of systemic acquired resistance. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades have been implicated as negative regulators of salicyclic acid accumulation and the induction of r ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · July 2001
The Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 gene is a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Over-expression of NPR1 leads to enhanced resistance in Arabidopsis. To investigate the role of NPR1 in monocots, we over-expressed the Arabidopsis NPR1 in rice and ch ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · May 2001
Salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling controls activation of a set of plant defense mechanisms that are important for resistance to a variety of microbial pathogens. Many Arabidopsis mutants that display altered SA-dependent signaling have been isolated. ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · May 2001
The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response in Arabidopsis is characterized by the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and enhanced resistance to virulent bacterial and oomycete pathogens. The cpr (co ...
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Journal ArticleNovartis Foundation symposium · January 2001
The NPR1 protein of Arabidopsis thaliana has been shown to be an important regulatory component of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Mutations in the NPR1 gene block the induction of SAR by the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA). NPR1 contains an ankyri ...
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Journal ArticlePlant Physiology · 2001
Mutations in the transparent testa (tt) loci abolish pigment production in Arabidopsis seed coats. The TT4, TT5, and TT3 loci encode chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, respectively, which are essential for anthocyanin a ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · December 2000
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a broad-spectrum resistance in plants that involves the upregulation of a battery of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. NPR1 is a key regulator in the signal transduction pathway that leads to SAR. Mutations in NPR1 resu ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · November 2000
Disease resistance in Arabidopsis is regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) function as key signaling molecules. Epistasis analyses were performed between mutants that disrupt ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 1999
The Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 has been shown to be a key regulator of gene expression during the onset of a plant disease-resistance response known as systemic acquired resistance. The npr1 mutant plants fail to respond to systemic acquired resistance-indu ...
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Journal ArticleCurrent opinion in plant biology · August 1998
Exciting advances have been made during the past year: isolating mutants affecting plant disease resistance, cloning genes involved in the regulation of various defense responses, and characterizing novel defense signaling pathways. Recent studies have dem ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · May 1998
The recently cloned NPR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is a key regulator of acquired resistance responses. Upon induction, NPR1 expression is elevated and the NPR1 protein is activated, in turn inducing expression of a battery of downstream pathogenesis-re ...
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Journal ArticleCell · January 1997
The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a plant immunity, to a broad spectrum of pathogens that is normally established after a primary exposure to avirulent pathogens. Mutants with defects in NPR1 fail to respon ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · December 1994
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a nonspecific defense response in plants that is associated with an increase in the endogenous level of salicylic acid (SA) and elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. To identify mutants involved in th ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · November 1994
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a general defense response in plants that is characterized by the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. SAR can be induced after a hypersensitive response to an avirulent pathogen or by treatment with either s ...
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Journal ArticlePlant physiology · February 1993
We isolated and characterized a 2.8-kb, full-length, Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA clone encoding a lipoxygenase. DNA sequence analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the Arabidopsis protein is 72 to 78% similar to that of legume seed lipoxygen ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · October 1991
We have isolated cDNAs from two distinct genes encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase (EC 4.1.2.15) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Predicted protein sequences from both genes, DHS1 and DHS2, and a potato DAHP synthase gene are highl ...
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Journal ArticleThe Plant cell · January 1991
We developed a model system to study the signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in the defense against pathogen attack. Here we describe the identification and characterization of virulent and avirulen ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · February 1989
The DNA replication origin of plasmid NR1 is located approximately 190 base pairs downstream from the 3' end of the repA1 gene, which encodes the essential initiation protein for replication of the plasmid. Restriction endonuclease fragments that contain t ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of molecular biology · August 1988
Using segment-directed mutagenesis, a temperature-sensitive mutant of the gene that encodes the cis-acting RepA1 initiation protein of the IncFII plasmid NR1 was isolated. The mutant protein was unable to promote initiation of plasmid replication in vivo a ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · December 1987
The results of in vitro single-round transcription experiments indicated that RNA polymerase pauses during transcription of the leader region that precedes the repA1 gene of IncFII plasmid NR1. Transcription initiated at either of the two transcription pro ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · February 1985
Replication of the IncFII plasmid NR1 is controlled by regulating the amount of synthesis of the repA1 initiator protein at both the transcriptional and translational levels. We have examined mutations which have altered each of these levels of regulation, ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · February 1985
Transcription of the repA1 gene of the IncFII plasmid NR1 is initiated at two promoters in the replication control region. Transcription from the upstream promoter is constitutive at a low level, whereas transcription from the downstream promoter is regula ...
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Journal ArticleBasic life sciences · January 1985
The DNA coding for replication control and incompatibility of the plasmid NR1 serves as a template in vivo and in vitro for RNA transcription in both directions. In the rightward direction, RNA synthesis begins from 2 different promoters, one of which is r ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of bacteriology · October 1984
The region of DNA coding for incompatibility (inc) and copy number control (cop) of the IncFII plasmid NR1 is transcribed in both the rightward and leftward directions. The rightward transcripts serve as mRNA for the repA1 protein, which is required for re ...
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