Down-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor-D inhibits cell growth and angiogenesis through inactivation of Notch-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling.
Journal Article (Journal Article)
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) signaling plays critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies; however, the precise mechanism by which PDGF-D causes tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis remain unclear. Because Notch-1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are critically involved in the processes of tumor cell invasion and metastasis, we investigated whether PDGF-D down-regulation could be mechanistically associated with the down-regulation of Notch-1, NF-kappaB, VEGF, and MMP-9, resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis. Our data showed that down-regulation of PDGF-D leads to the inactivation of Notch-1 and NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and, in turn, down regulates the expression of its target genes, such as VEGF and MMP-9. We also found that the down-regulation of PDGF-D by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased tumor cell invasion, whereas PDGF-D overexpression by cDNA transfection led to increased cell invasion. Consistent with these results, we also found that the down-regulation of PDGF-D not only decreased MMP-9 mRNA and its protein expression but also inhibited the processing of pro-MMP-9 protein to its active form. Moreover, conditioned medium from PDGF-D siRNA-transfected cells showed reduced levels of VEGF and, in turn, inhibited the tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that down-regulation of PDGF-D leads to the inhibition of angiogenesis. Taken together, we conclude that the down-regulation of PDGF-D by novel approaches could lead to the down-regulation of Notch-1 and, in turn, inactivate NF-kappaB and its target genes (i.e., MMP-9 and VEGF), resulting in the inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Wang, Z; Kong, D; Banerjee, S; Li, Y; Adsay, NV; Abbruzzese, J; Sarkar, FH
Published Date
- December 1, 2007
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 67 / 23
Start / End Page
- 11377 - 11385
PubMed ID
- 18056465
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1538-7445
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2803
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- United States