Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that the relationship of psychosocial variables to body fat distribution would differ in men and women and would vary according to gender differences in natural patterns of fat distribution. Method: Body fat distribution and psychological functioning were examined in 5,930 male and 7,598 female dieters. Results: Upper body size and shape were more strongly related to psychological functioning in men and lower body size and shape were more important in women. Discussion: To better understand the association of weight with psychosocial status, patterns of body fat distribution should be considered.