New functions and signaling mechanisms for the class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors.
The class of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs), with 33 human homologs, is the second largest family of GPCRs. In addition to a seven-transmembrane α-helix-a structural feature of all GPCRs-the class of aGPCRs is characterized by the presence of a large N-terminal extracellular region. In addition, all aGPCRs but one (GPR123) contain a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain that mediates autoproteolytic cleavage at the GPCR autoproteolysis site motif to generate N- and a C-terminal fragments (NTF and CTF, respectively) during protein maturation. Subsequently, the NTF and CTF are associated noncovalently as a heterodimer at the plasma membrane. While the biological function of the GAIN domain-mediated autocleavage is not fully understood, mounting evidence suggests that the NTF and CTF possess distinct biological activities in addition to their function as a receptor unit. We discuss recent advances in understanding the biological functions, signaling mechanisms, and disease associations of the aGPCRs.
Duke Scholars
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- Synapses
- Signal Transduction
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Neoplasms
- Mutation
- Humans
- General Science & Technology
- Developmental Disabilities
- Cell Adhesion
- Animals
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Synapses
- Signal Transduction
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Neoplasms
- Mutation
- Humans
- General Science & Technology
- Developmental Disabilities
- Cell Adhesion
- Animals