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Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort).

Publication ,  Journal Article
Castorina, R; Butt, C; Stapleton, HM; Avery, D; Harley, KG; Holland, N; Eskenazi, B; Bradman, A
Published in: Chemosphere
July 2017

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), used in consumer products since the 1970s, persist in the environment. Restrictions on penta-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants resulted in increased use of Firemaster® 550 (FM® 550), and the organophosphate triesters: tris(1,3- dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP); tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP); tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP); and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). The objectives of this study were to (1) identify determinants of flame retardants (4 PFRs, PentaBDEs and FM® 550) in house dust, (2) measure urinary PFR metabolites in pregnant women, and (3) estimate health risks from PFR exposure. We measured flame retardants in house dust (n = 125) and metabolites in urine (n = 310) collected in 2000-2001 from Mexican American women participating in the CHAMACOS birth cohort study in California. We detected FM® 550 and PFRs, including two (TCEP and TDCIPP) known to the state of California to cause cancer, in most dust samples. The maximum TCEP and TDCIPP dust levels were among the highest ever reported although the median levels were generally lower compared to other U.S. cohorts. Metabolites of TDCIPP (BDCIPP: bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate) and TPHP (DPHP: diphenyl phosphate) were detected in 78% and 79% of prenatal urine samples, respectively. We found a weak but positive correlation between TPHP in dust and DPHP in 124 paired prenatal urine samples (Spearman rho = 0.17; p = 0.06). These results provide information on PFR exposure and risk in pregnant women from the early 2000's and are also valuable to assess trends in exposure and risk given changing fire safety regulations and concomitant changes in chemical flame retardant use.

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Published In

Chemosphere

DOI

EISSN

1879-1298

ISSN

0045-6535

Publication Date

July 2017

Volume

179

Start / End Page

159 / 166

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Urine
  • Pregnancy
  • Phosphates
  • Organophosphates
  • Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
  • Humans
  • Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
  • Flame Retardants
  • Female
 

Citation

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Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Castorina, R., Butt, C., Stapleton, H. M., Avery, D., Harley, K. G., Holland, N., … Bradman, A. (2017). Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). Chemosphere, 179, 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.076
Castorina, Rosemary, Craig Butt, Heather M. Stapleton, Dylan Avery, Kim G. Harley, Nina Holland, Brenda Eskenazi, and Asa Bradman. “Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort).Chemosphere 179 (July 2017): 159–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.076.
Castorina R, Butt C, Stapleton HM, Avery D, Harley KG, Holland N, et al. Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). Chemosphere. 2017 Jul;179:159–66.
Castorina, Rosemary, et al. “Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort).Chemosphere, vol. 179, July 2017, pp. 159–66. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.076.
Castorina R, Butt C, Stapleton HM, Avery D, Harley KG, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). Chemosphere. 2017 Jul;179:159–166.
Journal cover image

Published In

Chemosphere

DOI

EISSN

1879-1298

ISSN

0045-6535

Publication Date

July 2017

Volume

179

Start / End Page

159 / 166

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Urine
  • Pregnancy
  • Phosphates
  • Organophosphates
  • Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
  • Humans
  • Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
  • Flame Retardants
  • Female