This secondary data analysis describes the prevalence, treatment, and impact of anemia and anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on Res-Care participants. Chart reviews gathered lab data at baseline. A total of 245 (54%) residents were noted to be anemic and 178 (66%) of the individuals with CKD had anemia. Sixty-six percent of those with anemia were being treated with at least one medication. Individuals with anemia were more likely to be female and cognitively impaired. Although trends were lower for those with anemia, there was no difference in physical or psychosocial outcomes except that those with anemia of CKD had lower self-efficacy and outcome expectations. There was not a time by treatment interaction between those with and without anemia. While power was poor, having anemia did not seem to impact outcomes, although those with anemia had lower beliefs in their abilities and in the benefits of functional activity.