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Long-term Neural Embedding of Childhood Adversity in a Population-Representative Birth Cohort Followed for 5 Decades.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Gehred, MZ; Knodt, AR; Ambler, A; Bourassa, KJ; Danese, A; Elliott, ML; Hogan, S; Ireland, D; Poulton, R; Ramrakha, S; Reuben, A; Sison, ML ...
Published in: Biological psychiatry
August 2021

Childhood adversity has been previously associated with alterations in brain structure, but heterogeneous designs, methods, and measures have contributed to mixed results and have impeded progress in mapping the biological embedding of childhood adversity. We sought to identify long-term differences in structural brain integrity associated with childhood adversity.Multiple regression was used to test associations between prospectively ascertained adversity during childhood and adversity retrospectively reported in adulthood with structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of midlife global and regional cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical gray matter volume in 861 (425 female) members of the Dunedin Study, a longitudinal investigation of a population-representative birth cohort.Both prospectively ascertained childhood adversity and retrospectively reported adversity were associated with alterations in midlife structural brain integrity, but associations with prospectively ascertained childhood adversity were consistently stronger and more widely distributed than associations with retrospectively reported childhood adversity. Sensitivity analyses revealed that these associations were not driven by any particular adversity or category of adversity (i.e., threat or deprivation) or by childhood socioeconomic disadvantage. Network enrichment analyses revealed that these associations were not localized but were broadly distributed along a hierarchical cortical gradient of information processing.Exposure to childhood adversity broadly is associated with widespread differences in midlife gray matter across cortical and subcortical structures, suggesting that biological embedding of childhood adversity in the brain is long lasting, but not localized. Research using retrospectively reported adversity likely underestimates the magnitude of these associations. These findings may inform future research investigating mechanisms through which adversity becomes embedded in the brain and influences mental health and cognition.

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Published In

Biological psychiatry

DOI

EISSN

1873-2402

ISSN

0006-3223

Publication Date

August 2021

Volume

90

Issue

3

Start / End Page

182 / 193

Related Subject Headings

  • Retrospective Studies
  • Psychiatry
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Humans
  • Gray Matter
  • Female
  • Brain
  • Adverse Childhood Experiences
  • Adult
  • 52 Psychology
 

Citation

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ICMJE
MLA
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Gehred, M. Z., Knodt, A. R., Ambler, A., Bourassa, K. J., Danese, A., Elliott, M. L., … Caspi, A. (2021). Long-term Neural Embedding of Childhood Adversity in a Population-Representative Birth Cohort Followed for 5 Decades. Biological Psychiatry, 90(3), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.971
Gehred, Maria Z., Annchen R. Knodt, Antony Ambler, Kyle J. Bourassa, Andrea Danese, Maxwell L. Elliott, Sean Hogan, et al. “Long-term Neural Embedding of Childhood Adversity in a Population-Representative Birth Cohort Followed for 5 Decades.Biological Psychiatry 90, no. 3 (August 2021): 182–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.971.
Gehred MZ, Knodt AR, Ambler A, Bourassa KJ, Danese A, Elliott ML, et al. Long-term Neural Embedding of Childhood Adversity in a Population-Representative Birth Cohort Followed for 5 Decades. Biological psychiatry. 2021 Aug;90(3):182–93.
Gehred, Maria Z., et al. “Long-term Neural Embedding of Childhood Adversity in a Population-Representative Birth Cohort Followed for 5 Decades.Biological Psychiatry, vol. 90, no. 3, Aug. 2021, pp. 182–93. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.971.
Gehred MZ, Knodt AR, Ambler A, Bourassa KJ, Danese A, Elliott ML, Hogan S, Ireland D, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Reuben A, Sison ML, Moffitt TE, Hariri AR, Caspi A. Long-term Neural Embedding of Childhood Adversity in a Population-Representative Birth Cohort Followed for 5 Decades. Biological psychiatry. 2021 Aug;90(3):182–193.
Journal cover image

Published In

Biological psychiatry

DOI

EISSN

1873-2402

ISSN

0006-3223

Publication Date

August 2021

Volume

90

Issue

3

Start / End Page

182 / 193

Related Subject Headings

  • Retrospective Studies
  • Psychiatry
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Humans
  • Gray Matter
  • Female
  • Brain
  • Adverse Childhood Experiences
  • Adult
  • 52 Psychology