Skip to main content

Effectiveness of a Third Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Adults - United States, August-December 2021.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Tenforde, MW; Patel, MM; Gaglani, M; Ginde, AA; Douin, DJ; Talbot, HK; Casey, JD; Mohr, NM; Zepeski, A; McNeal, T; Ghamande, S; Gibbs, KW ...
Published in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
January 28, 2022

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna]) provide protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and are highly effective against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among eligible persons who receive 2 doses (1,2). However, vaccine effectiveness (VE) among persons with immunocompromising conditions* is lower than that among immunocompetent persons (2), and VE declines after several months among all persons (3). On August 12, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for a third mRNA vaccine dose as part of a primary series ≥28 days after dose 2 for persons aged ≥12 years with immunocompromising conditions, and, on November 19, 2021, as a booster dose for all adults aged ≥18 years at least 6 months after dose 2, changed to ≥5 months after dose 2 on January 3, 2022 (4,5,6). Among 2,952 adults (including 1,385 COVID-19 case-patients and 1,567 COVID-19-negative controls) hospitalized at 21 U.S. hospitals during August 19-December 15, 2021, effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was compared between adults eligible for but who had not received a third vaccine dose (1,251) and vaccine-eligible adults who received a third dose ≥7 days before illness onset (312). Among 1,875 adults without immunocompromising conditions (including 1,065 [57%] unvaccinated, 679 [36%] 2-dose recipients, and 131 [7%] 3-dose [booster] recipients), VE against COVID-19 hospitalization was higher among those who received a booster dose (97%; 95% CI = 95%-99%) compared with that among 2-dose recipients (82%; 95% CI = 77%-86%) (p <0.001). Among 1,077 adults with immunocompromising conditions (including 324 [30%] unvaccinated, 572 [53%] 2-dose recipients, and 181 [17%] 3-dose recipients), VE was higher among those who received a third dose to complete a primary series (88%; 95% CI = 81%-93%) compared with 2-dose recipients (69%; 95% CI = 57%-78%) (p <0.001). Administration of a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose as part of a primary series among immunocompromised adults, or as a booster dose among immunocompetent adults, provides improved protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization.

Duke Scholars

Altmetric Attention Stats
Dimensions Citation Stats

Published In

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

DOI

EISSN

1545-861X

Publication Date

January 28, 2022

Volume

71

Issue

4

Start / End Page

118 / 124

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Vaccine Efficacy
  • United States
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Immunocompromised Host
  • Immunocompetence
  • Immunization, Secondary
  • Humans
  • Hospitalization
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Tenforde, M. W., Patel, M. M., Gaglani, M., Ginde, A. A., Douin, D. J., Talbot, H. K., … IVY Network, . (2022). Effectiveness of a Third Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Adults - United States, August-December 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 71(4), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7104a2
Tenforde, Mark W., Manish M. Patel, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, David J. Douin, H Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, et al. “Effectiveness of a Third Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Adults - United States, August-December 2021.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 71, no. 4 (January 28, 2022): 118–24. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7104a2.
Tenforde, Mark W., et al. “Effectiveness of a Third Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Adults - United States, August-December 2021.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, vol. 71, no. 4, Jan. 2022, pp. 118–24. Pubmed, doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7104a2.
Tenforde MW, Patel MM, Gaglani M, Ginde AA, Douin DJ, Talbot HK, Casey JD, Mohr NM, Zepeski A, McNeal T, Ghamande S, Gibbs KW, Files DC, Hager DN, Shehu A, Prekker ME, Erickson HL, Gong MN, Mohamed A, Johnson NJ, Srinivasan V, Steingrub JS, Peltan ID, Brown SM, Martin ET, Monto AS, Khan A, Hough CL, Busse LW, Duggal A, Wilson JG, Qadir N, Chang SY, Mallow C, Rivas C, Babcock HM, Kwon JH, Exline MC, Botros M, Lauring AS, Shapiro NI, Halasa N, Chappell JD, Grijalva CG, Rice TW, Jones ID, Stubblefield WB, Baughman A, Womack KN, Rhoads JP, Lindsell CJ, Hart KW, Zhu Y, Naioti EA, Adams K, Lewis NM, Surie D, McMorrow ML, Self WH, IVY Network. Effectiveness of a Third Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Adults - United States, August-December 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jan 28;71(4):118–124.

Published In

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep

DOI

EISSN

1545-861X

Publication Date

January 28, 2022

Volume

71

Issue

4

Start / End Page

118 / 124

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Vaccine Efficacy
  • United States
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Immunocompromised Host
  • Immunocompetence
  • Immunization, Secondary
  • Humans
  • Hospitalization