PKA, PKC, and the protein phosphatase 2A influence HAND factor function: a mechanism for tissue-specific transcriptional regulation.
Journal Article (Journal Article)
The bHLH factors HAND1 and HAND2 are required for heart, vascular, neuronal, limb, and extraembryonic development. Unlike most bHLH proteins, HAND factors exhibit promiscuous dimerization properties. We report that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation via PKA, PKC, and a specific heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) modulates HAND function. The PP2A targeting-subunit B56delta specifically interacts with HAND1 and -2, but not other bHLH proteins. PKA and PKC phosphorylate HAND proteins in vivo, and only B56delta-containing PP2A complexes reduce levels of HAND1 phosphorylation. During RCHOI trophoblast stem cell differentiation, B56delta expression is downregulated and HAND1 phosphorylation increases. Mutations in phosphorylated residues result in altered HAND1 dimerization and biological function. Taken together, these results suggest that site-specific phosphorylation regulates HAND factor functional specificity.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Firulli, BA; Howard, MJ; McDaid, JR; McIlreavey, L; Dionne, KM; Centonze, VE; Cserjesi, P; Virshup, DM; Firulli, AB
Published Date
- November 2003
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 12 / 5
Start / End Page
- 1225 - 1237
PubMed ID
- 14636580
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 1097-2765
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00425-8
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- United States