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Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Santos, FL; Esteves, SS; da Costa Pereira, A; Yancy, WS; Nunes, JPL
Published in: Obes Rev
November 2012

A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to study the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors (search performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus databases). A total of 23 reports, corresponding to 17 clinical investigations, were identified as meeting the pre-specified criteria. Meta-analysis carried out on data obtained in 1,141 obese patients, showed the LCD to be associated with significant decreases in body weight (-7.04 kg [95% CI -7.20/-6.88]), body mass index (-2.09 kg m(-2) [95% CI -2.15/-2.04]), abdominal circumference (-5.74 cm [95% CI -6.07/-5.41]), systolic blood pressure (-4.81 mm Hg [95% CI -5.33/-4.29]), diastolic blood pressure (-3.10 mm Hg [95% CI -3.45/-2.74]), plasma triglycerides (-29.71 mg dL(-1) [95% CI -31.99/-27.44]), fasting plasma glucose (-1.05 mg dL(-1) [95% CI -1.67/-0.44]), glycated haemoglobin (-0.21% [95% CI -0.24/-0.18]), plasma insulin (-2.24 micro IU mL(-1) [95% CI -2.65/-1.82]) and plasma C-reactive protein, as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.73 mg dL(-1) [95%CI 1.44/2.01]). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatinine did not change significantly, whereas limited data exist concerning plasma uric acid. LCD was shown to have favourable effects on body weight and major cardiovascular risk factors; however the effects on long-term health are unknown.

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Published In

Obes Rev

DOI

EISSN

1467-789X

Publication Date

November 2012

Volume

13

Issue

11

Start / End Page

1048 / 1066

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Weight Loss
  • Triglycerides
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Risk Factors
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Insulin
  • Humans
  • Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
 

Citation

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Santos, F. L., Esteves, S. S., da Costa Pereira, A., Yancy, W. S., & Nunes, J. P. L. (2012). Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obes Rev, 13(11), 1048–1066. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01021.x
Santos, F. L., S. S. Esteves, A. da Costa Pereira, W. S. Yancy, and J. P. L. Nunes. “Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors.Obes Rev 13, no. 11 (November 2012): 1048–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01021.x.
Santos FL, Esteves SS, da Costa Pereira A, Yancy WS, Nunes JPL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obes Rev. 2012 Nov;13(11):1048–66.
Santos, F. L., et al. “Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors.Obes Rev, vol. 13, no. 11, Nov. 2012, pp. 1048–66. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01021.x.
Santos FL, Esteves SS, da Costa Pereira A, Yancy WS, Nunes JPL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obes Rev. 2012 Nov;13(11):1048–1066.
Journal cover image

Published In

Obes Rev

DOI

EISSN

1467-789X

Publication Date

November 2012

Volume

13

Issue

11

Start / End Page

1048 / 1066

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Weight Loss
  • Triglycerides
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Risk Factors
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Insulin
  • Humans
  • Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted