Shape memory polymers for medical applications
We present new results on the thermomechanical packaging and recovery behavior of shape memory polymers (SMPs) for medical applications. SMPs possess the ability to store and recover large strains by the application of a prescribed thermomechanical cycle. The typical protocol is to apply a specified initial deformation at an elevated temperature, cool the pre-deformed material under constraint to a lower temperature where the shape is fixed (storage), and then heat the material to recover the original shape (recovery). Of particular interest to the medical community is triggering shape recovery at the body temperature with variable polymer stiffness and recoverable force levels that can be tailored depending on the application. Shape recovery at the body temperature admits the deployment of complex packaged shapes into the body environment without local heating. We present the result of various investigations to tailor the stiffness and recovery behavior of SMP materials. The alteration of the packaging temperatures and cooling/heating rates emerge as key variables to tailor the recovery behavior of SMP materials. We present some preliminary studies for medical devices and also outline plans for future research.