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A granular activated carbon/electrochemical hybrid system for onsite treatment and reuse of blackwater.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Rogers, TW; Rogers, TS; Stoner, MH; Sellgren, KL; Lynch, BJ; Forbis-Stokes, AA; Stoner, BR; Hawkins, BT
Published in: Water research
November 2018

Over 1/3 of the global population lacks access to improved sanitation, leading to disease, death, and impaired economic development. Our group is working to develop rapidly deployable, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions to this global problem that do not require significant investments in infrastructure. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of a toilet system that recycles blackwater for onsite reuse as flush water, in which the blackwater is electrochemically treated to remove pathogens due to fecal contamination. However, this process requires considerable energy (48-93 kJ/L) to achieve complete disinfection of the process liquid, and the disinfected liquid retains color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in excess of local discharge standards, negatively impacting user acceptability. Granular activated carbon (GAC) efficiently reduces COD in concentrated wastewaters. We hypothesized that reduction of COD with GAC prior to electrochemical treatment would both improve disinfection energy efficiency and user acceptability of the treated liquid. Here we describe the development and testing of a hybrid system that combines these technologies and demonstrate its ability to achieve full disinfection with improved energy efficiency and liquid quality more suitable for onsite reuse and/or discharge.

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Published In

Water research

DOI

EISSN

1879-2448

ISSN

0043-1354

Publication Date

November 2018

Volume

144

Start / End Page

553 / 560

Related Subject Headings

  • Water Purification
  • Wastewater
  • Waste Disposal, Fluid
  • Recycling
  • Equipment Design
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Electrochemical Techniques
  • Disinfection
  • Charcoal
  • Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
 

Citation

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ICMJE
MLA
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Rogers, T. W., Rogers, T. S., Stoner, M. H., Sellgren, K. L., Lynch, B. J., Forbis-Stokes, A. A., … Hawkins, B. T. (2018). A granular activated carbon/electrochemical hybrid system for onsite treatment and reuse of blackwater. Water Research, 144, 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.070
Rogers, Tate W., Tess S. Rogers, Mikayla H. Stoner, Katelyn L. Sellgren, Brendon J. Lynch, Aaron A. Forbis-Stokes, Brian R. Stoner, and Brian T. Hawkins. “A granular activated carbon/electrochemical hybrid system for onsite treatment and reuse of blackwater.Water Research 144 (November 2018): 553–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.070.
Rogers TW, Rogers TS, Stoner MH, Sellgren KL, Lynch BJ, Forbis-Stokes AA, et al. A granular activated carbon/electrochemical hybrid system for onsite treatment and reuse of blackwater. Water research. 2018 Nov;144:553–60.
Rogers, Tate W., et al. “A granular activated carbon/electrochemical hybrid system for onsite treatment and reuse of blackwater.Water Research, vol. 144, Nov. 2018, pp. 553–60. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.070.
Rogers TW, Rogers TS, Stoner MH, Sellgren KL, Lynch BJ, Forbis-Stokes AA, Stoner BR, Hawkins BT. A granular activated carbon/electrochemical hybrid system for onsite treatment and reuse of blackwater. Water research. 2018 Nov;144:553–560.
Journal cover image

Published In

Water research

DOI

EISSN

1879-2448

ISSN

0043-1354

Publication Date

November 2018

Volume

144

Start / End Page

553 / 560

Related Subject Headings

  • Water Purification
  • Wastewater
  • Waste Disposal, Fluid
  • Recycling
  • Equipment Design
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Electrochemical Techniques
  • Disinfection
  • Charcoal
  • Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis