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Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips

Publication ,  Journal Article
Elfar, M; Liang, TC; Chakrabarty, K; Pajic, M
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
August 1, 2022

A digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) enables the miniaturization of immunoassays, point-of-care clinical diagnostics, and DNA sequencing. A recent generation of DMFBs uses a microelectrode-dot-array (MEDA) architecture, which provides fine-grained control of droplets and real-time droplet sensing using CMOS technology. However, microelectrodes in a MEDA biochip can degrade due to charge trapping when they are repeatedly charged and discharged during bioassay execution; such degradation leads to the failure of microelectrodes and erroneous bioassay outcomes. To address this problem, we first introduce a new microelectrode-cell design such that we can obtain the health status of all the microelectrodes in a MEDA biochip by employing the inherent sensing mechanism. Next, we present a stochastic game-based model for droplet manipulation, and a formal synthesis method for droplet routing that can dynamically change droplet transportation routes. This adaptation is based on the real-time health information obtained from microelectrodes. Comprehensive simulation results for four real-life bioassays show that our method increases the likelihood of successful bioassay completion with negligible impact on time-to-results.

Duke Scholars

Published In

IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems

DOI

EISSN

1937-4151

ISSN

0278-0070

Publication Date

August 1, 2022

Volume

41

Issue

8

Start / End Page

2504 / 2517

Related Subject Headings

  • Computer Hardware & Architecture
  • 4607 Graphics, augmented reality and games
  • 4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
  • 1006 Computer Hardware
  • 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
 

Citation

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ICMJE
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Elfar, M., Liang, T. C., Chakrabarty, K., & Pajic, M. (2022). Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 41(8), 2504–2517. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2021.3110190
Elfar, M., T. C. Liang, K. Chakrabarty, and M. Pajic. “Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips.” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 41, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 2504–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2021.3110190.
Elfar M, Liang TC, Chakrabarty K, Pajic M. Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 2022 Aug 1;41(8):2504–17.
Elfar, M., et al. “Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips.” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 41, no. 8, Aug. 2022, pp. 2504–17. Scopus, doi:10.1109/TCAD.2021.3110190.
Elfar M, Liang TC, Chakrabarty K, Pajic M. Formal Synthesis of Adaptive Droplet Routing for MEDA Biochips. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems. 2022 Aug 1;41(8):2504–2517.

Published In

IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems

DOI

EISSN

1937-4151

ISSN

0278-0070

Publication Date

August 1, 2022

Volume

41

Issue

8

Start / End Page

2504 / 2517

Related Subject Headings

  • Computer Hardware & Architecture
  • 4607 Graphics, augmented reality and games
  • 4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
  • 1006 Computer Hardware
  • 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering