Resiliency of Perception-Based Controllers Against Attacks
This work focuses on resiliency of learning-enabled perception-based controllers for nonlinear dynamical systems. We consider systems equipped with an end-to-end controller, mapping the perception (e.g., camera images) and sensor measurements to control inputs, as well as a statistical or learning-based anomaly detector (AD). We define a general notion of attack stealthiness and find conditions for which there exists a sequence of stealthy attacks on perception and sensor measurements that forces the system into unsafe operation without being detected, for any employed AD. Specifically, we show that systems with unstable physical plants and exponentially stable closed-loop dynamics are vulnerable to such stealthy attacks. Finally, we use our results on a case-study.
