Intermediate uveitis
Intermediate uveitis comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders that results in inflammation of the ciliary body, pars plana, and peripheral choroid and often involves the retinal vessels. This inflammation clinically is seen as vitritis, snowballs, and snowbanks. It can be caused by a number of infectious, immune-mediated, and neoplastic causes including syphilis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, pars planitis, and lymphoma. It can be associated with sight-threatening complications, including retinal vasculitis, cystoid macular edema, and, in late stages, cyclitic membranes and hypotony. The goals of therapy are to prevent late-stage complications and to treat sight-threatening complications. Treatment of noninfectious intermediate uveitis typically occurs only after an infectious cause has been ruled out and can range from local corticosteroids for unilateral disease to systemic immunosuppression.
