Paul Michael Yen | Scholars@Duke

Paul Michael Yen
Professor of Medicine

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Medicine 2021
Member of Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute 2013

Contact Information

300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701
paul.yen@duke-nus.edu.sg (919) 479-2300

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Clinical Staff Fellow, Endocrinology, National Institutes of Health 1988 - 1989
- Resident, Medicine, The University of Chicago 1982 - 1985
- M.D., Johns Hopkins University 1982
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Medicine 2016 - 2020
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Medicine 2010 - 2016
- Instructor, Temporary in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Medicine 2009
Recognition
In the News
- NOV 18, 2015 Duke Today
  
  Research yields potential treatment approach for glycogen storage disease
- NOV 18, 2015
  
  Research yields potential treatment approach for glycogen storage disease
- AUG 19, 2013
  
  Coffee and Tea May Contribute to a Healthy Liver
- AUG 19, 2013 CTV News
  
  Coffee and tea may protect your liver
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Tripathi, Madhulika, Brijesh Kumar Singh, and Paul Michael Yen. “Reply to: "B vitamins for NASH: Use methylcobalamin, not cyanocobalamin".” J Hepatol 78, no. 1 (January 2023): e35–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.10.004.
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  - Tripathi, Madhulika, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Jin Zhou, Keziah Tikno, Anissa Widjaja, Reddemma Sandireddy, Kabilesh Arul, et al. “Vitamin B12 and folate decrease inflammation and fibrosis in NASH by preventing syntaxin 17 homocysteinylation.” J Hepatol 77, no. 5 (November 2022): 1246–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.033.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Jeremy Pang, Madhulika Tripathi, Jia Pei Ho, Anissa Anindya Widjaja, Shamini Guna Shekeran, Stuart Alexander Cook, et al. “Spermidine-mediated hypusination of translation factor EIF5A improves mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression.” Nat Commun 13, no. 1 (September 3, 2022): 5202. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32788-x.
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  - Tripathi, Madhulika, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Elisa A. Liehn, Sheau Yng Lim, Keziah Tikno, David Castano-Mayan, Chutima Rattanasopa, et al. “Caffeine prevents restenosis and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through the induction of autophagy.” Autophagy 18, no. 9 (September 2022): 2150–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.2021494.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Madhulika Tripathi, Jia Pei Ho, Anissa Anindya Widjaja, Shamini Guna Shekeran, Macalinao Dominique Camat, Anne James, et al. “Thyroid Hormone Decreases Hepatic Steatosis, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in a Dietary Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.” Thyroid 32, no. 6 (June 2022): 725–38. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2021.0621.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Brijesh K. Singh, Jia Pei Ho, Andrea Lim, Eveline Bruinstroop, Kenji Ohba, Rohit A. Sinha, and Paul M. Yen. “MED1 mediator subunit is a key regulator of hepatic autophagy and lipid metabolism.” Autophagy 17, no. 12 (December 2021): 4043–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1899691.
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  - Bruinstroop, Eveline, Jin Zhou, Madhulika Tripathi, Winifred W. Yau, Anita Boelen, Brijesh Kumar Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Early induction of hepatic deiodinase type 1 inhibits hepatosteatosis during NAFLD progression.” Mol Metab 53 (November 2021): 101266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101266.
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  - Rajak, Sangam, Sherwin Xie, Archana Tewari, Sana Raza, Yajun Wu, Boon-Huat Bay, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “MTORC1 inhibition drives crinophagic degradation of glucagon.” Molecular Metabolism 53 (November 2021): 101286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101286.
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  - Rajak, Sangam, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “MTORC1-dependent crinophagy regulates glucagon content in pancreatic α-cells.” Autophagy 17, no. 10 (October 2021): 3269–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1961074.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Karine Gauthier, Jia Pei Ho, Andrea Lim, Xu-Guang Zhu, Cho Rong Han, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Sheue-Yann Cheng, and Paul Michael Yen. “Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Regulates Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Fatty Acid Use in Skeletal Muscle.” Endocrinology 162, no. 8 (August 1, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqab112.
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  - Chaves, Carolina, Eveline Bruinstroop, Samuel Refetoff, Paul M. Yen, and João Anselmo. “Increased Hepatic Fat Content in Patients with Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Beta.” Thyroid 31, no. 7 (July 2021): 1127–34. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2020.0651.
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  - Widjaja, Anissa A., Jinrui Dong, Eleonora Adami, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Benjamin Ng, Leroy S. Pakkiri, Sonia P. Chothani, et al. “Redefining IL11 as a regeneration-limiting hepatotoxin and therapeutic target in acetaminophen-induced liver injury.” Science Translational Medicine 13, no. 597 (June 2021): eaba8146. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aba8146.
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  - Yau, Winifred W., Kiraely Adam Wong, Jin Zhou, Nivetha Kanakaram Thimmukonda, Yajun Wu, Boon-Huat Bay, Brijesh Kumar Singh, and Paul Michael Yen. “Chronic cold exposure induces autophagy to promote fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial turnover, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.” Iscience 24, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): 102434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102434.
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  - Li, E., P. M. Yen, J. W. Dietrich, and M. K. -. S. Leow. “Profiling retrospective thyroid function data in complete thyroidectomy patients to investigate the HPT axis set point (PREDICT-IT).” J Endocrinol Invest 44, no. 5 (May 2021): 969–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01390-7.
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  - Chakraborty, Smarajit, Wee Kiat Ong, Winifred W. Y. Yau, Zhihong Zhou, K. N. Bhanu Prakash, Sue-Anne Toh, Weiping Han, Paul M. Yen, and Shigeki Sugii. “CD10 marks non-canonical PPARγ-independent adipocyte maturation and browning potential of adipose-derived stem cells.” Stem Cell Res Ther 12, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02179-y.
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  - Setiawan, Iwan, Ardo Sanjaya, Ronny Lesmana, Paul M. Yen, and Hanna Goenawan. “Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ and their association with skeletal muscle ageing.” J Physiol Biochem 77, no. 1 (February 2021): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-021-00787-z.
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  - Dong, Jinrui, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Eleonora Adami, Brijesh K. Singh, Sonia P. Chothani, Benjamin Ng, Wei Wen Lim, et al. “Hepatocyte-specific IL11 cis-signaling drives lipotoxicity and underlies the transition from NAFLD to NASH.” Nat Commun 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 66. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20303-z.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Madhulika Tripathi, Rohit A. Sinha, Brijesh Kumar Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Gut microbiota and their metabolites in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.” Hepatoma Res 7 (2021): 11. https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2020.134.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Rohit A. Sinha, and Paul M. Yen. “The roles of autophagy and thyroid hormone in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD.” Hepatoma Res 7 (2021): 72. https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2021.82.
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  - Rajak, Sangam, Sana Raza, Archana Tewari, Shivmurat Yadav, Sujoy Ghosh, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “Autophagic protein ULK1 regulates FOXM1 signalling in human hepatoma cells.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 532, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 570–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.068.
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  - Rajak, Sangam, Liliana F. Iannucci, Jin Zhou, B. Anjum, Nelson George, Brijesh K. Singh, Sujoy Ghosh, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “Loss of ULK1 Attenuates Cholesterogenic Gene Expression in Mammalian Hepatic Cells.” Front Cell Dev Biol 8 (September 30, 2020): 523550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.523550.
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  - Tripathi, Madhulika, Paul Michael Yen, and Brijesh Kumar Singh. “Protocol to Generate Senescent Cells from the Mouse Hepatic Cell Line AML12 to Study Hepatic Aging.” Star Protoc 1, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 100064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100064.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Eveline Bruinstroop, Brijesh K. Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Thyroid Hormones and Thyromimetics: A New Approach to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis?” Hepatology 72, no. 2 (August 2020): 770–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31204.
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  - Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Madhulika Tripathi, Reddemma Sandireddy, Keziah Tikno, Jin Zhou, and Paul Michael Yen. “Decreased autophagy and fuel switching occur in a senescent hepatic cell model system.” Aging (Albany Ny) 12, no. 14 (July 26, 2020): 13958–78. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103740.
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  - Yau, Winifred W., and Paul M. Yen. “Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Activated by Thyroid Hormone.” Int J Mol Sci 21, no. 8 (April 24, 2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083020.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Sangam Rajak, Brijesh K. Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Hepatic Lipid Catabolism via PPARα-Lysosomal Crosstalk.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 2020): E2391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072391.
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  - Tripathi, Madhulika, Paul Michael Yen, and Brijesh Kumar Singh. “Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha: An Under-Appreciated Potential Target for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases.” Int J Mol Sci 21, no. 5 (February 28, 2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051645.
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  - Yavarow, Zollie A., Hye-Ri Kang, Lauren R. Waskowicz, Boon-Huat Bay, Sarah P. Young, Paul M. Yen, and Dwight D. Koeberl. “Fenofibrate rapidly decreases hepatic lipid and glycogen storage in neonatal mice with glycogen storage disease type Ia.” Hum Mol Genet 29, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 286–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz290.
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  - Farah, Benjamin L., Paul M. Yen, and Dwight D. Koeberl. “Links between autophagy and disorders of glycogen metabolism - Perspectives on pathogenesis and possible treatments.” Mol Genet Metab 129, no. 1 (January 2020): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.11.005.
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  - Duntas, Leonidas H., and Paul Michael Yen. “Diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in the elderly.” Endocrine 66, no. 1 (October 2019): 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02067-9.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Eveline Bruinstroop, Brijesh K. Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypercholesterolemia: Roles of Thyroid Hormones, Metabolites, and Agonists.” Thyroid 29, no. 9 (September 2019): 1173–91. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2018.0664.
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  - Widjaja, Anissa A., Brijesh K. Singh, Eleonora Adami, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Jinrui Dong, Giuseppe A. D’Agostino, Benjamin Ng, et al. “Inhibiting Interleukin 11 Signaling Reduces Hepatocyte Death and Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Steatosis in Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.” Gastroenterology 157, no. 3 (September 2019): 777-792.e14. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.002.
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  - Tan, Hayden Weng Siong, B. Anjum, Han-Ming Shen, Sujoy Ghosh, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “Lysosomal inhibition attenuates peroxisomal gene transcription via suppression of PPARA and PPARGC1A levels.” Autophagy 15, no. 8 (August 2019): 1455–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2019.1609847.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Lauren R. Waskowicz, Andrea Lim, Xiao-Hui Liao, Brian Lian, Hiroko Masamune, Samuel Refetoff, Brian Tran, Dwight D. Koeberl, and Paul M. Yen. “A Liver-Specific Thyromimetic, VK2809, Decreases Hepatosteatosis in Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia.” Thyroid 29, no. 8 (August 2019): 1158–67. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2019.0007.
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  - Meng, Fanwen, Enlin Li, Paul Michael Yen, and Melvin Khee Shing Leow. “Hyperthyroidism in the personalized medicine era: the rise of mathematical optimization.” J R Soc Interface 16, no. 155 (June 28, 2019): 20190083. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0083.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Benjamin Ng, Nicole S. J. Ko, Lorna R. Fiedler, Ester Khin, Andrea Lim, Norliza E. Sahib, et al. “Titin truncations lead to impaired cardiomyocyte autophagy and mitochondrial function in vivo.” Hum Mol Genet 28, no. 12 (June 15, 2019): 1971–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz033.
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  - Zhou, Wei, Dongrui Ma, Alfred Xuyang Sun, Hoang-Dai Tran, Dong-Liang Ma, Brijesh K. Singh, Jin Zhou, et al. “PD-linked CHCHD2 mutations impair CHCHD10 and MICOS complex leading to mitochondria dysfunction.” Hum Mol Genet 28, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1100–1116. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy413.
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  - Yau, Winifred W., Brijesh K. Singh, Ronny Lesmana, Jin Zhou, Rohit A. Sinha, Kiraely A. Wong, Yajun Wu, et al. “Thyroid hormone (T3) stimulates brown adipose tissue activation via mitochondrial biogenesis and MTOR-mediated mitophagy.” Autophagy 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 131–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2018.1511263.
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  - Waskowicz, Lauren R., Jin Zhou, Dustin J. Landau, Elizabeth D. Brooks, Andrea Lim, Zollie A. Yavarow, Tsubasa Kudo, et al. “Bezafibrate induces autophagy and improves hepatic lipid metabolism in glycogen storage disease type Ia.” Hum Mol Genet 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 143–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy343.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Daniel C. Parker, James P. White, Andrea Lim, Kim M. Huffman, Jia Pei Ho, Paul M. Yen, and William E. Kraus. “Thyroid Hormone Status Regulates Skeletal Muscle Response to Chronic Motor Nerve Stimulation.” Front Physiol 10 (2019): 1363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01363.
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  - Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Rohit Anthony Sinha, and Paul Michael Yen. “Novel Transcriptional Mechanisms for Regulating Metabolism by Thyroid Hormone.” Int J Mol Sci 19, no. 10 (October 22, 2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103284.
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  - Cheong, Adeline, Joanne J. A. Low, Andrea Lim, Paul M. Yen, and Esther C. Y. Woon. “A fluorescent methylation-switchable probe for highly sensitive analysis of FTO N 6-methyladenosine demethylase activity in cells.” Chem Sci 9, no. 36 (September 28, 2018): 7174–85. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8sc02163e.
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  - Bruinstroop, Eveline, Rinkoo Dalan, Yang Cao, Yong Mong Bee, Kurumbian Chandran, Li Wei Cho, Shui Boon Soh, et al. “Low-Dose Levothyroxine Reduces Intrahepatic Lipid Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and NAFLD.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 2698–2706. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00475.
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  - Singh, Brijesh K., Rohit A. Sinha, Madhulika Tripathi, Arturo Mendoza, Kenji Ohba, Jann A. C. Sy, Sherwin Y. Xie, et al. “Thyroid hormone receptor and ERRα coordinately regulate mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, biogenesis, and function.” Sci Signal 11, no. 536 (June 26, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aam5855.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Brijesh K. Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism.” Nat Rev Endocrinol 14, no. 5 (May 2018): 259–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2018.10.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Rohit A. Sinha, Ronny Lesmana, Winifred W. Y. Yau, and Paul M. Yen. “Pharmacological Inhibition of Lysosomal Activity as a Method For Monitoring Thyroid Hormone-induced Autophagic Flux in Mammalian Cells In Vitro.” Methods Mol Biol 1801 (2018): 111–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7902-8_11.
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  - Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Kenji Ohba, and Paul Michael Yen. “Role of thyroid hormone in hepatic gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and autophagy.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 458 (December 15, 2017): 160–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.018.
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  - Farah, Benjamin L., Dustin J. Landau, Yajun Wu, Rohit A. Sinha, Alwin Loh, Boon-Huat Bay, Dwight D. Koeberl, and Paul M. Yen. “Renal endoplasmic reticulum stress is coupled to impaired autophagy in a mouse model of GSD Ia.” Mol Genet Metab 122, no. 3 (November 2017): 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.08.013.
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  - Wang, Mu-En, Brijesh K. Singh, Meng-Chieh Hsu, Chien Huang, Paul M. Yen, Leang-Shin Wu, De-Shien Jong, and Chih-Hsien Chiu. “Increasing Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Ratio Mitigates High-fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Autophagy.” Sci Rep 7, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 13999. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14376-y.
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  - Flamant, Frédéric, Sheue-Yann Cheng, Anthony N. Hollenberg, Lars C. Moeller, Jacques Samarut, Fredric E. Wondisford, Paul M. Yen, and Samuel Refetoff. “Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathways: Time for a More Precise Nomenclature.” Endocrinology 158, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 2052–57. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2017-00250.
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  - Ohba, Kenji, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Liliana Felicia Iannucci, Jin Zhou, Jean-Paul Kovalik, Xiao-Hui Liao, et al. “Changes in Hepatic TRβ Protein Expression, Lipogenic Gene Expression, and Long-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels During Chronic Hyperthyroidism and Triiodothyronine Withdrawal in a Mouse Model.” Thyroid 27, no. 6 (June 2017): 852–60. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2016.0456.
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  - Iannucci, Liliana F., Federica Cioffi, Rosalba Senese, Fernando Goglia, Antonia Lanni, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “Metabolomic analysis shows differential hepatic effects of T2 and T3 in rats after short-term feeding with high fat diet.” Sci Rep 7, no. 1 (May 17, 2017): 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02205-1.
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  - Farah, Benjamin L., Rohit A. Sinha, Yajun Wu, Brijesh K. Singh, Andrea Lim, Masahiro Hirayama, Dustin J. Landau, Boon Huat Bay, Dwight D. Koeberl, and Paul M. Yen. “Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (GSDIa).” Sci Rep 7 (March 20, 2017): 44408. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44408.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Shu Yun Chong, Andrea Lim, Brijesh K. Singh, Rohit A. Sinha, Adam B. Salmon, and Paul M. Yen. “Changes in macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and mitochondrial metabolism in murine skeletal and cardiac muscle during aging.” Aging (Albany Ny) 9, no. 2 (February 26, 2017): 583–99. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101181.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Brijesh K. Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Reciprocal Crosstalk Between Autophagic and Endocrine Signaling in Metabolic Homeostasis.” Endocr Rev 38, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 69–102. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2016-1103.
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  - Iannucci, Liliana F., Jingfeng Sun, Brijesh K. Singh, Jin Zhou, Vincent A. Kaddai, Antonia Lanni, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “Corrigendum to "Short chain fatty acids induce UCP2-mediated autophagy in hepatic cells" [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 480 (2016) 461-467].” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 482, no. 4 (January 22, 2017): 1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.116.
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  - Sinha, Rohit Anthony, Brijesh K. Singh, Jin Zhou, Sherwin Xie, Benjamin L. Farah, Ronny Lesmana, Kenji Ohba, et al. “Loss of ULK1 increases RPS6KB1-NCOR1 repression of NR1H/LXR-mediated Scd1 transcription and augments lipotoxicity in hepatic cells.” Autophagy 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 169–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2016.1235123.
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  - Butler, M. S., M. Roshan-Moniri, M. Hsing, D. Lau, A. Kim, P. Yen, M. Mroczek, et al. “Discovery and characterization of small molecules targeting the DNA-binding ETS domain of ERG in prostate cancer.” Oncotarget 8, no. 26 (January 1, 2017): 42438–54. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17124.
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  - Tripathi, Madhulika, Cheng Wu Zhang, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Kyaw Thu Moe, Deidre Anne DeSilva, and Paul Michael Yen. “Hyperhomocysteinemia causes ER stress and impaired autophagy that is reversed by Vitamin B supplementation.” Cell Death & Disease 7, no. 12 (December 2016): e2513. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.374.
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  - Iannucci, Liliana F., Jingfeng Sun, Brijesh K. Singh, Jin Zhou, Vincent A. Kaddai, Antonia Lanni, Paul M. Yen, and Rohit A. Sinha. “Short chain fatty acids induce UCP2-mediated autophagy in hepatic cells.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 480, no. 3 (November 18, 2016): 461–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.072.
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  - Lim, Andrea, Jin Zhou, Rohit A. Sinha, Brijesh K. Singh, Sujoy Ghosh, Kiat-Hon Lim, Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow, Esther C. Y. Woon, and Paul M. Yen. “Hepatic FTO expression is increased in NASH and its silencing attenuates palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 479, no. 3 (October 21, 2016): 476–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.086.
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  - Chng, Chiaw-Ling, Adoree Yi Ying Lim, Hong Chang Tan, Jean-Paul Kovalik, Kwang Wei Tham, Yong Mong Bee, Weiying Lim, et al. “Physiological and Metabolic Changes During the Transition from Hyperthyroidism to Euthyroidism in Graves' Disease.” Thyroid 26, no. 10 (October 2016): 1422–30. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2015.0602.
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  - Yen, Paul M. “TSHβv-A New Bone to Pick.” Endocrinology 157, no. 9 (September 2016): 3402–4. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1519.
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  - Ohba, Kenji, Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Ronny Lesmana, Xiao-Hui Liao, Sujoy Ghosh, Samuel Refetoff, Judy Chia Ghee Sng, and Paul Michael Yen. “Desensitization and Incomplete Recovery of Hepatic Target Genes After Chronic Thyroid Hormone Treatment and Withdrawal in Male Adult Mice.” Endocrinology 157, no. 4 (April 2016): 1660–72. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1848.
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  - Farah, Benjamin L., Dustin J. Landau, Rohit A. Sinha, Elizabeth D. Brooks, Yajun Wu, Suet Yin Sarah Fung, Tomohiro Tanaka, et al. “Induction of autophagy improves hepatic lipid metabolism in glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency.” J Hepatol 64, no. 2 (February 2016): 370–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.10.008.
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  - Singh, Brijesh K., Rohit A. Sinha, Jin Zhou, Madhulika Tripathi, Kenji Ohba, Mu-En Wang, Inna Astapova, et al. “Hepatic FOXO1 Target Genes Are Co-regulated by Thyroid Hormone via RICTOR Protein Deacetylation and MTORC2-AKT Protein Inhibition.” J Biol Chem 291, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 198–214. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.668673.
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  - Lesmana, Ronny, Rohit A. Sinha, Brijesh K. Singh, Jin Zhou, Kenji Ohba, Yajun Wu, Winifred W. Y. Yau, Boon-Huat Bay, and Paul M. Yen. “Thyroid Hormone Stimulation of Autophagy Is Essential for Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Activity in Skeletal Muscle.” Endocrinology 157, no. 1 (January 2016): 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1632.
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  - Sinha, Rohit Anthony, and Paul M. Yen. “Thyroid hormone-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial turnover in NAFLD.” Cell Biosci 6 (2016): 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-016-0113-7.
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  - Yen, Paul Michael. “Classical nuclear hormone receptor activity as a mediator of complex biological responses: a look at health and disease.” Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 29, no. 4 (August 2015): 517–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2015.07.005.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Wei-Peng Yong, Chui Sun Yap, Aadhitthya Vijayaraghavan, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Sam Xiu, et al. “An integrative approach identified genes associated with drug response in gastric cancer.” Carcinogenesis 36, no. 4 (April 2015): 441–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgv014.
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  - Yen, P. M. “Unliganded TRs regulate growth and developmental timing during early embryogenesis: Evidence for a dual function mechanism of TR action.” Cell and Bioscience, March 2, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-3701-5-8.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Brijesh K. Singh, Jin Zhou, Yajun Wu, Benjamin L. Farah, Kenji Ohba, Ronny Lesmana, Jessica Gooding, Boon-Huat Bay, and Paul M. Yen. “Thyroid hormone induction of mitochondrial activity is coupled to mitophagy via ROS-AMPK-ULK1 signaling.” Autophagy 11, no. 8 (2015): 1341–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2015.1061849.
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  - Aw, Darius K. L., Rohit A. Sinha, Hong Chang Tan, Lih Ming Loh, Domenico Salvatore, and Paul M. Yen. “Studies of molecular mechanisms associated with increased deiodinase 3 expression in a case of consumptive hypothyroidism.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99, no. 11 (November 2014): 3965–71. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3408.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Brijesh K. Singh, and Paul M. Yen. “Thyroid hormone regulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.” Trends Endocrinol Metab 25, no. 10 (October 2014): 538–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2014.07.001.
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  - Aw, Darius Kang Lie, Rohit A. Sinha, Sherwin Ying Xie, and Paul M. Yen. “Differential AMPK phosphorylation by glucagon and metformin regulates insulin signaling in human hepatic cells.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 447, no. 4 (May 16, 2014): 569–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.031.
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  - Farah, Benjamin L., Lauran Madden, Songtao Li, Sierra Nance, Andrew Bird, Nenad Bursac, Paul M. Yen, Sarah P. Young, and Dwight D. Koeberl. “Adjunctive β2-agonist treatment reduces glycogen independently of receptor-mediated acid α-glucosidase uptake in the limb muscles of mice with Pompe disease.” Faseb J 28, no. 5 (May 2014): 2272–80. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.13-244202.
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  - Sinha, Rohit A., Benjamin L. Farah, Brijesh K. Singh, Monowarul M. Siddique, Ying Li, Yajun Wu, Olga R. Ilkayeva, et al. “Caffeine stimulates hepatic lipid metabolism by the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in mice.” Hepatology 59, no. 4 (April 2014): 1366–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26667.
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  - Refetoff, Samuel, JH Duncan Bassett, Paolo Beck-Peccoz, Juan Bernal, Gregory Brent, Krishna Chatterjee, Leslie J. De Groot, et al. “Classification and proposed nomenclature for inherited defects of thyroid hormone action, cell transport, and metabolism.” Thyroid 24, no. 3 (March 2014): 407–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2013.3393.nomen.
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  - Refetoff, Samuel, JH Duncan Bassett, Paolo Beck-Peccoz, Juan Bernal, Gregory Brent, Krishna Chatterjee, Leslie J. De Groot, et al. “Classification and proposed nomenclature for inherited defects of thyroid hormone action, cell transport, and metabolism.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99, no. 3 (March 2014): 768–70. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3393.
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  - Farah, Benjamin L., Rohit A. Sinha, Yajun Wu, Brijesh K. Singh, Jin Zhou, Boon-Huat Bay, and Paul M. Yen. “β-Adrenergic agonist and antagonist regulation of autophagy in HepG2 cells, primary mouse hepatocytes, and mouse liver.” Plos One 9, no. 6 (2014): e98155. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098155.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Benjamin Livingston Farah, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Yajun Wu, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Boon-Huat Bay, Chung S. Yang, and Paul Michael Yen. “Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, stimulates hepatic autophagy and lipid clearance.” Plos One 9, no. 1 (2014): e87161. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087161.
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  - Xie, Sherwin, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Brijesh K. Singh, Guo Dong Li, Weiping Han, and Paul M. Yen. “Resveratrol induces insulin gene expression in mouse pancreatic α-cells.” Cell Biosci 3, no. 1 (December 13, 2013): 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-3701-3-47.
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  - Yap, Chui Sun, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Sho Ota, Masahito Katsuki, and Paul Michael Yen. “Thyroid hormone negatively regulates CDX2 and SOAT2 mRNA expression via induction of miRNA-181d in hepatic cells.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 440, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 635–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.116.
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  - Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Jin Zhou, Sherwin Ying Xie, Seo-Hee You, Karine Gauthier, and Paul Michael Yen. “FoxO1 deacetylation regulates thyroid hormone-induced transcription of key hepatic gluconeogenic genes.” J Biol Chem 288, no. 42 (October 18, 2013): 30365–72. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.504845.
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  - Wang, Guihua, Xiaonian Cao, Senyan Lai, Xuelai Luo, Yongdong Feng, Xianmin Xia, Paul M. Yen, Jianping Gong, and Junbo Hu. “PI3K stimulates DNA synthesis and cell-cycle progression via its p55PIK regulatory subunit interaction with PCNA.” Mol Cancer Ther 12, no. 10 (October 2013): 2100–2109. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0920.
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  - Zhou, Jin, Geng Bo Chen, Yew Chung Tang, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Yonghui Wu, Chui Sun Yap, Guihua Wang, et al. “Genetic and bioinformatic analyses of the expression and function of PI3K regulatory subunit PIK3R3 in an Asian patient gastric cancer library.” Bmc Med Genomics 5 (August 9, 2012): 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-5-34.
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  - Sinha, Rohit Anthony, Seo-Hee You, Jin Zhou, Mobin M. Siddique, Boon-Huat Bay, Xuguang Zhu, Martin L. Privalsky, et al. “Thyroid hormone stimulates hepatic lipid catabolism via activation of autophagy.” J Clin Invest 122, no. 7 (July 2012): 2428–38. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI60580.
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  - Duntas, Leonidas, Nobuyuki Amino, Ian Hay, Michael McDermott, Robin Peeters, Mario Vaismann, Laura Ward, Graham Williams, Teofilo O. L. San Luis, and Paul Yen. “Thyroid disorders, noncommunicable diseases that gravely impact public health: a commentary and statement by the Advisory Board of the World Thyroid Federation.” Thyroid 22, no. 6 (June 2012): 566–67. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0153.
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  - Voss, Ty C., R Louis Schiltz, Myong-Hee Sung, Paul M. Yen, John A. Stamatoyannopoulos, Simon C. Biddie, Thomas A. Johnson, Tina B. Miranda, Sam John, and Gordon L. Hager. “Dynamic exchange at regulatory elements during chromatin remodeling underlies assisted loading mechanism.” Cell 146, no. 4 (August 19, 2011): 544–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.006.
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  - Wang, Dongqing, Xianmin Xia, Roy E. Weiss, Samuel Refetoff, and Paul M. Yen. “Distinct and histone-specific modifications mediate positive versus negative transcriptional regulation of TSHalpha promoter.” Plos One 5, no. 3 (March 24, 2010): e9853. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009853.
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  - Culhane, Jeffrey C., Dongqing Wang, Paul M. Yen, and Philip A. Cole. “Comparative analysis of small molecules and histone substrate analogues as LSD1 lysine demethylase inhibitors.” J Am Chem Soc 132, no. 9 (March 10, 2010): 3164–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja909996p.
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  - Sabet, A., and P. M. Yen. “Thyroid hormone action,” December 1, 2009, 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-4745-2.00004-3.
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  - Wang, Dongqing, Xianmin Xia, Ying Liu, Alexis Oetting, Robert L. Walker, Yuelin Zhu, Paul Meltzer, Philip A. Cole, Yun-Bo Shi, and Paul M. Yen. “Negative regulation of TSHalpha target gene by thyroid hormone involves histone acetylation and corepressor complex dissociation.” Mol Endocrinol 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 600–609. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2008-0389.
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  - Hu, Junbo, Xianmin Xia, Aiwu Cheng, Guihua Wang, Xuelai Luo, Michael F. Reed, Tito Fojo, Alexis Oetting, Jianping Gong, and Paul M. Yen. “A peptide inhibitor derived from p55PIK phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit: a novel cancer therapy.” Mol Cancer Ther 7, no. 12 (December 2008): 3719–28. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0499.
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  - Yen, Paul Michael. “Waterboarding is not torture: a physician's response.” Lancet 371, no. 9627 (May 31, 2008): 1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60795-3.
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  - Oetting, Alexis, and Paul M. Yen. “New insights into thyroid hormone action.” Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 21, no. 2 (June 2007): 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2007.04.004.
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  - Harvey, Clare B., JH Duncan Bassett, Padma Maruvada, Paul M. Yen, and Graham R. Williams. “The rat thyroid hormone receptor (TR) Deltabeta3 displays cell-, TR isoform-, and thyroid hormone response element-specific actions.” Endocrinology 148, no. 4 (April 2007): 1764–73. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1248.
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  - Yen, Paul M. “Thyroid hormones and 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid: new keys for new locks.” Endocrinology 147, no. 4 (April 2006): 1598–1601. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0074.
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  - Liu, Ying, Xianmin Xia, Joseph D. Fondell, and Paul M. Yen. “Thyroid hormone-regulated target genes have distinct patterns of coactivator recruitment and histone acetylation.” Mol Endocrinol 20, no. 3 (March 2006): 483–90. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2005-0101.
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  - Yen, Paul M., Shinichiro Ando, Xu Feng, Ying Liu, Padma Maruvada, and Xianmin Xia. “Thyroid hormone action at the cellular, genomic and target gene levels.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 246, no. 1–2 (February 26, 2006): 121–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.030.
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  - Shepshelovich, Jeanne, Lee Goldstein-Magal, Anat Globerson, Paul M. Yen, Pnina Rotman-Pikielny, and Koret Hirschberg. “Protein synthesis inhibitors and the chemical chaperone TMAO reverse endoplasmic reticulum perturbation induced by overexpression of the iodide transporter pendrin.” J Cell Sci 118, no. Pt 8 (April 15, 2005): 1577–86. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02294.
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  - Liu, Ying, Shinichiro Ando, Xianmin Xia, Refeng Yao, Myung Kim, Joseph Fondell, and Paul M. Yen. “p62, A TFIIH subunit, directly interacts with thyroid hormone receptor and enhances T3-mediated transcription.” Mol Endocrinol 19, no. 4 (April 2005): 879–84. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2004-0385.
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  - Yen, Paul M. “Editorial: studying hormonal regulation by microarrays: distinguishing the trees from the forest.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90, no. 2 (February 2005): 1241–42. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2463.
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  - Jimenez, Camilo, Stephanie A. Moran, Irini Sereti, Sarah Wynne, Paul M. Yen, Judith Falloon, Richard T. Davey, and Nicholas J. Sarlis. “Graves' disease after interleukin-2 therapy in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.” Thyroid 14, no. 12 (December 2004): 1097–1102. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2004.14.1097.
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  - Maruvada, Padma, Natalia I. Dmitrieva, Joyce East-Palmer, and Paul M. Yen. “Cell cycle-dependent expression of thyroid hormone receptor-beta is a mechanism for variable hormone sensitivity.” Mol Biol Cell 15, no. 4 (April 2004): 1895–1903. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-09-0636.
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  - Yen, Paul M. “Molecular basis of resistance to thyroid hormone.” Trends Endocrinol Metab 14, no. 7 (September 2003): 327–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1043-2760(03)00114-0.
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  - Yen, P. M., and S. Y. Cheng. “Germline and somatic thyroid hormone receptor mutations in man.” J Endocrinol Invest 26, no. 8 (August 2003): 780–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03347365.
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  - Yen, Paul M., Xu Feng, Frederic Flamant, Yidong Chen, Robert L. Walker, Roy E. Weiss, Olivier Chassande, Jacques Samarut, Samuel Refetoff, and Paul S. Meltzer. “Effects of ligand and thyroid hormone receptor isoforms on hepatic gene expression profiles of thyroid hormone receptor knockout mice.” Embo Rep 4, no. 6 (June 2003): 581–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.embor862.
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  - Maruvada, Padma, Christopher T. Baumann, Gordon L. Hager, and Paul M. Yen. “Dynamic shuttling and intranuclear mobility of nuclear hormone receptors.” J Biol Chem 278, no. 14 (April 4, 2003): 12425–32. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M202752200.
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  - Poguet, Anne-Lise, Claude Legrand, Xu Feng, Paul M. Yen, Paul Meltzer, Jacques Samarut, and Frédéric Flamant. “Microarray analysis of knockout mice identifies cyclin D2 as a possible mediator for the action of thyroid hormone during the postnatal development of the cerebellum.” Dev Biol 254, no. 2 (February 15, 2003): 188–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-1606(02)00039-8.
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  - Saunier, Bertrand, Miriam Triyatni, Luca Ulianich, Padma Maruvada, Paul Yen, and Leonard D. Kohn. “Role of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in binding and entry of hepatitis C virus structural proteins in cultured human hepatocytes.” J Virol 77, no. 1 (January 2003): 546–59. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.1.546-559.2003.
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  - Rotman-Pikielny, Pnina, Koret Hirschberg, Padma Maruvada, Koichi Suzuki, Ines E. Royaux, Eric D. Green, Leonard D. Kohn, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, and Paul M. Yen. “Retention of pendrin in the endoplasmic reticulum is a major mechanism for Pendred syndrome.” Hum Mol Genet 11, no. 21 (October 1, 2002): 2625–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/11.21.2625.
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  - Parikh, S., S. Ando, A. Schneider, M. C. Skarulis, N. J. Sarlis, and P. M. Yen. “Resistance to thyroid hormone in a patient without thyroid hormone receptor mutations.” Thyroid 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1089/105072502753452011.
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  - Feng, Xu, Paul Meltzer, and Paul M. Yen. “Transgenic targeting of a dominant negative corepressor to liver and analyses by cDNA microarray.” Methods Mol Biol 202 (2002): 31–54. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-174-4:31.
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  - Ando, S., N. J. Sarlis, E. H. Oldfield, and P. M. Yen. “Somatic mutation of TRbeta can cause a defect in negative regulation of TSH in a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86, no. 11 (November 2001): 5572–76. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.11.7984.
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  - Phillips, S. A., P. Rotman-Pikielny, J. Lazar, S. Ando, P. Hauser, M. C. Skarulis, F. Brucker-Davis, and P. M. Yen. “Extreme thyroid hormone resistance in a patient with a novel truncated TR mutant.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86, no. 11 (November 2001): 5142–47. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.11.8051.
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  - Ando, S., N. J. Sarlis, J. Krishnan, X. Feng, S. Refetoff, M. Q. Zhang, E. H. Oldfield, and P. M. Yen. “Aberrant alternative splicing of thyroid hormone receptor in a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor is a mechanism for hormone resistance.” Mol Endocrinol 15, no. 9 (September 2001): 1529–38. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.15.9.0687.
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  - Yen, P. M. “Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action.” Physiol Rev 81, no. 3 (July 2001): 1097–1142. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097.
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  - Feng, X., Y. Jiang, P. Meltzer, and P. M. Yen. “Transgenic targeting of a dominant negative corepressor to liver blocks basal repression by thyroid hormone receptor and increases cell proliferation.” J Biol Chem 276, no. 18 (May 4, 2001): 15066–72. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m011027200.
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  - Uwaifo, G. I., A. T. Remaley, M. Stene, J. C. Reynolds, P. M. Yen, R. H. Snider, K. L. Becker, and N. J. Sarlis. “A case of spurious hypercalcitoninemia: a cautionary tale on the use of plasma calcitonin assays in the screening of patients with thyroid nodules for neoplasia.” J Endocrinol Invest 24, no. 5 (May 2001): 361–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03343874.
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  - Baumann, C. T., P. Maruvada, G. L. Hager, and P. M. Yen. “Nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling by thyroid hormone receptors. multiple protein interactions are required for nuclear retention.” J Biol Chem 276, no. 14 (April 6, 2001): 11237–45. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M011112200.
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  - Baumann, C. T., H. Ma, R. Wolford, J. C. Reyes, P. Maruvada, C. Lim, P. M. Yen, M. R. Stallcup, and G. L. Hager. “The glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) localizes in discrete nuclear foci that associate with ND10 bodies and are enriched in components of the 26S proteasome.” Mol Endocrinol 15, no. 4 (April 2001): 485–500. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.15.4.0618.
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  - Feng, X., Y. Jiang, P. Meltzer, and P. M. Yen. “Thyroid hormone regulation of hepatic genes in vivo detected by complementary DNA microarray.” Mol Endocrinol 14, no. 7 (July 2000): 947–55. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.14.7.0470.
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  - Rotman-Pikielny, P., J. C. Reynolds, W. C. Barker, P. M. Yen, M. C. Skarulis, and N. J. Sarlis. “Recombinant human thyrotropin for the diagnosis and treatment of a highly functional metastatic struma ovarii.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85, no. 1 (January 2000): 237–44. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.1.6261.
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  - Yen, P. M. “Thyrotropin receptor mutations in thyroid diseases.” Rev Endocr Metab Disord 1, no. 1–2 (January 2000): 123–29. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010076706666.
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  - Sasaki, S., L. A. Lesoon-Wood, A. Dey, T. Kuwata, B. D. Weintraub, G. Humphrey, W. M. Yang, et al. “Ligand-induced recruitment of a histone deacetylase in the negative-feedback regulation of the thyrotropin beta gene.” Embo J 18, no. 19 (October 1, 1999): 5389–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/18.19.5389.
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  - Koibuchi, N., Y. Liu, H. Fukuda, A. Takeshita, P. M. Yen, and W. W. Chin. “ROR alpha augments thyroid hormone receptor-mediated transcriptional activation.” Endocrinology 140, no. 3 (March 1999): 1356–64. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.140.3.6562.
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  - Duncan, K. G., M. D. Jumper, R. C. Ribeiro, K. R. Bailey, P. M. Yen, A. Sugawara, A. Patel, et al. “Human trabecular meshwork cells as a thyroid hormone target tissue: presence of functional thyroid hormone receptors.” Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 237, no. 3 (March 1999): 231–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004170050224.
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  - Lee, H., and P. M. Yen. “Recent advances in understanding thyroid hormone receptor coregulators.” J Biomed Sci 6, no. 2 (1999): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02256437.
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  - Nagaya, T., Y. Murata, S. Yamaguchi, Y. Nomura, S. Ohmori, M. Fujieda, N. Katunuma, P. M. Yen, W. W. Chin, and H. Seo. “Intracellular proteolytic cleavage of 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor alpha by cathepsin L-type protease is a potential mechanism for modulating thyroid hormone action.” J Biol Chem 273, no. 50 (December 11, 1998): 33166–73. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.50.33166.
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  - Liu, Y., A. Takeshita, S. Misiti, W. W. Chin, and P. M. Yen. “Lack of coactivator interaction can be a mechanism for dominant negative activity by mutant thyroid hormone receptors.” Endocrinology 139, no. 10 (October 1998): 4197–4204. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.139.10.6218.
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  - Takeshita, A., P. M. Yen, M. Ikeda, G. R. Cardona, Y. Liu, N. Koibuchi, E. R. Norwitz, and W. W. Chin. “Thyroid hormone response elements differentially modulate the interactions of thyroid hormone receptors with two receptor binding domains in the steroid receptor coactivator-1.” J Biol Chem 273, no. 34 (August 21, 1998): 21554–62. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.34.21554.
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  - Misiti, S., L. Schomburg, P. M. Yen, and W. W. Chin. “Expression and hormonal regulation of coactivator and corepressor genes.” Endocrinology 139, no. 5 (May 1998): 2493–2500. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.139.5.5971.
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  - Liu, Y., A. Takeshita, T. Nagaya, A. Baniahmad, W. W. Chin, and P. M. Yen. “An inhibitory region of the DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptor blocks hormone-dependent transactivation.” Mol Endocrinol 12, no. 1 (January 1998): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.12.1.0046.
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  - Blange, I., V. Drvota, P. M. Yen, and C. Sylven. “Species differences in cardiac thyroid hormone receptor isoforms protein abundance.” Biol Pharm Bull 20, no. 11 (November 1997): 1123–26. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.20.1123.
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  - Lin, H. Y., P. M. Yen, F. B. Davis, and P. J. Davis. “Protein synthesis-dependent potentiation by thyroxine of antiviral activity of interferon-gamma.” Am J Physiol 273, no. 4 (October 1997): C1225–32. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.C1225.
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  - Scott, R. E., X. S. Wu-Peng, P. M. Yen, W. W. Chin, and D. W. Pfaff. “Interactions of estrogen- and thyroid hormone receptors on a progesterone receptor estrogen response element (ERE) sequence: a comparison with the vitellogenin A2 consensus ERE.” Mol Endocrinol 11, no. 11 (October 1997): 1581–92. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.11.11.0003.
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  - Sanno, N., A. Sugawara, A. Teramoto, Y. Abe, P. M. Yen, W. W. Chin, and R. Y. Osamura. “Immunohistochemical expression of retinoid X receptor isoforms in human pituitaries and pituitary adenomas.” Neuroendocrinology 65, no. 4 (April 1997): 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1159/000127188.
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  - Yen, P. M., Y. Liu, J. J. Palvimo, M. Trifiro, J. Whang, L. Pinsky, O. A. Jänne, and W. W. Chin. “Mutant and wild-type androgen receptors exhibit cross-talk on androgen-, glucocorticoid-, and progesterone-mediated transcription.” Mol Endocrinol 11, no. 2 (February 1997): 162–71. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.11.2.9886.
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  - Yen, P. M., Y. Liu, J. J. Palvimo, M. Trifiro, J. Whang, L. Pinsky, O. A. Janne, and W. W. Chin. “Erratum: Mutant and wild type androgen receptors exhibit cross-talk on androgen-, glucocorticoid-, and progesterone-mediated transcription (Molecular Endocrinology (1997) 11 (162-171)).” Molecular Endocrinology 11, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 391–92.
  - Zhu, Y. S., P. M. Yen, W. W. Chin, and D. W. Pfaff. “Estrogen and thyroid hormone interaction on regulation of gene expression.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, no. 22 (October 29, 1996): 12587–92. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.22.12587.
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  - Shalev, A., C. A. Siegrist-Kaiser, P. M. Yen, W. Wahli, A. G. Burger, W. W. Chin, and C. A. Meier. “The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is a phosphoprotein: regulation by insulin.” Endocrinology 137, no. 10 (October 1996): 4499–4502. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.10.8828512.
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  - Takeshita, A., P. M. Yen, S. Misiti, G. R. Cardona, Y. Liu, and W. W. Chin. “Molecular cloning and properties of a full-length putative thyroid hormone receptor coactivator.” Endocrinology 137, no. 8 (August 1996): 3594–97. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.8.8754792.
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  - Yen, P. M., Y. Liu, A. Sugawara, and W. W. Chin. “Vitamin D receptors repress basal transcription and exert dominant negative activity on triiodothyronine-mediated transcriptional activity.” J Biol Chem 271, no. 18 (May 3, 1996): 10910–16. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.18.10910.
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  - Allain, T. J., P. M. Yen, A. M. Flanagan, and A. M. McGregor. “The isoform-specific expression of the tri-iodothyronine receptor in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.” Eur J Clin Invest 26, no. 5 (May 1996): 418–25. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.160289.x.
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  - Chin, W. W., and P. M. Yen. “T3 or not T3--the slings and arrows of outrageous TR function.” Endocrinology 137, no. 2 (February 1996): 387–88. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.2.8593780.
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  - Lin, H. Y., F. B. Davis, P. M. Yen, and P. J. Davis. “Milrinone mimics thyroid hormone potentiation of the antiviral activity of human interferon-γ in hela cells.” Journal of Investigative Medicine 44, no. 3 (January 1, 1996).
  - Hayashi, Y., R. E. Weiss, D. H. Sarne, P. M. Yen, T. Sunthornthepvarakul, C. Marcocci, W. W. Chin, and S. Refetoff. “Do clinical manifestations of resistance to thyroid hormone correlate with the functional alteration of the corresponding mutant thyroid hormone-beta receptors?” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80, no. 11 (November 1995): 3246–56. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.80.11.7593433.
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  - Yen, P. M., A. Sugawara, Y. Liu, J. Whang, and W. W. Chin. “Factors that enhance Escherichia coli-expressed TR beta binding to T3 and DNA.” Thyroid 5, no. 4 (August 1995): 309–13. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.1995.5.309.
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  - Yen, P. M., E. C. Wilcox, Y. Hayashi, S. Refetoff, and W. W. Chin. “Studies on the repression of basal transcription (silencing) by artificial and natural human thyroid hormone receptor-beta mutants.” Endocrinology 136, no. 7 (July 1995): 2845–51. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.136.7.7789309.
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  - Sugawara, A., P. M. Yen, Y. Qi, R. M. Lechan, and W. W. Chin. “Isoform-specific retinoid-X receptor (RXR) antibodies detect differential expression of RXR proteins in the pituitary gland.” Endocrinology 136, no. 4 (April 1995): 1766–74. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.136.4.7895689.
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  - Yen, P. M., E. C. Wilcox, and W. W. Chin. “Steroid hormone receptors selectively affect transcriptional activation but not basal repression by thyroid hormone receptors.” Endocrinology 136, no. 2 (February 1995): 440–45. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.136.2.7835274.
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  - Sugawara, A., P. M. Yen, and W. W. Chin. “9-cis retinoic acid regulation of rat growth hormone gene expression: potential roles of multiple nuclear hormone receptors.” Endocrinology 135, no. 5 (November 1994): 1956–62. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.135.5.7956917.
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  - Yen, P. M., and W. W. Chin. “Molecular mechanisms of dominant negative activity by nuclear hormone receptors.” Mol Endocrinol 8, no. 11 (November 1994): 1450–54. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.8.11.7877614.
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  - Ribeiro, R. C., J. W. Apriletti, P. M. Yen, W. W. Chin, and J. D. Baxter. “Heterodimerization and deoxyribonucleic acid-binding properties of a retinoid X receptor-related factor.” Endocrinology 135, no. 5 (November 1994): 2076–85. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.135.5.7956930.
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  - Leonard, J. L., A. P. Farwell, P. M. Yen, W. W. Chin, and M. Stula. “Differential expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in neurons and astroglial cells.” Endocrinology 135, no. 2 (August 1994): 548–55. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.135.2.8033801.
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  - Yen, P. M., M. Ikeda, E. C. Wilcox, J. H. Brubaker, R. A. Spanjaard, A. Sugawara, and W. W. Chin. “Half-site arrangement of hybrid glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone response elements specifies thyroid hormone receptor complex binding to DNA and transcriptional activity.” J Biol Chem 269, no. 17 (April 29, 1994): 12704–9.
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  - Yen, P. M., J. H. Brubaker, J. W. Apriletti, J. D. Baxter, and W. W. Chin. “Roles of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and deoxyribonucleic acid binding on thyroid hormone receptor complex formation.” Endocrinology 134, no. 3 (March 1994): 1075–81. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.134.3.8119145.
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  - Suen, C. S., P. M. Yen, and W. W. Chin. “In vitro transcriptional studies of the roles of the thyroid hormone (T3) response elements and minimal promoters in T3-stimulated gene transcription.” J Biol Chem 269, no. 2 (January 14, 1994): 1314–22.
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  - Yen, P. M., M. Ikeda, J. H. Brubaker, M. Forgione, A. Sugawara, and W. W. Chin. “Roles of v-erbA homodimers and heterodimers in mediating dominant negative activity by v-erbA.” J Biol Chem 269, no. 2 (January 14, 1994): 903–9.
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  - Sugawara, A., P. M. Yen, J. W. Apriletti, R. C. Ribeiro, D. B. Sacks, J. D. Baxter, and W. W. Chin. “Phosphorylation selectively increases triiodothyronine receptor homodimer binding to DNA.” J Biol Chem 269, no. 1 (January 7, 1994): 433–37.
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  - Yen, P. M., and W. W. Chin. “New advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action.” Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 5, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/1043-2760(94)90004-3.
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  - Yen, P. M., A. Sugawara, M. Forgione, R. A. Spanjaard, E. Macchia, S. Y. Cheng, and W. W. Chin. “Region-specific anti-thyroid hormone receptor (TR) antibodies detect changes in TR structure due to ligand-binding and dimerization.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 97, no. 1–2 (November 1993): 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(93)90214-5.
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  - Miyashita, Y., M. Miller, P. M. Yen, J. M. Harmon, J. A. Hanover, and S. S. Simons. “Glucocorticoid receptor binding to rat liver nuclei occurs without nuclear transport.” J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 46, no. 3 (September 1993): 309–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0760(93)90220-q.
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  - Sugawara, A., P. M. Yen, D. S. Darling, and W. W. Chin. “Characterization and tissue expression of multiple triiodothyronine receptor-auxiliary proteins and their relationship to the retinoid X-receptors.” Endocrinology 133, no. 3 (September 1993): 965–71. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.133.3.8396023.
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  - Darling, D. S., R. L. Carter, P. M. Yen, J. M. Welborn, W. W. Chin, and P. K. Umeda. “Different dimerization activities of alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptor isoforms.” J Biol Chem 268, no. 14 (May 15, 1993): 10221–27.
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  - Yen, P. M., R. A. Spanjaard, A. Sugawara, D. S. Darling, V. P. Nguyen, and W. W. Chin. “Orientation and spacing of half-sites differentially affect T3-receptor (TR) monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer binding to thyroid hormone response elements.” Endocrine 1, no. 6 (January 1, 1993): 461–66.
  - Yen, P. M., A. Sugawara, and W. W. Chin. “Triiodothyronine (T3) differentially affects T3-receptor/retinoic acid receptor and T3-receptor/retinoid X receptor heterodimer binding to DNA.” J Biol Chem 267, no. 32 (November 15, 1992): 23248–52.
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  - Yen, P. M., A. Sugawara, S. Refetoff, and W. W. Chin. “New insights on the mechanism(s) of the dominant negative effect of mutant thyroid hormone receptor in generalized resistance to thyroid hormone.” J Clin Invest 90, no. 5 (November 1992): 1825–31. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116058.
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  - Yen, P. M., M. E. Sunday, D. S. Darling, and W. W. Chin. “Isoform-specific thyroid hormone receptor antibodies detect multiple thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human pituitaries.” Endocrinology 130, no. 3 (March 1992): 1539–46. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.130.3.1537303.
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  - Yen, P. M., D. S. Darling, R. L. Carter, M. Forgione, P. K. Umeda, and W. W. Chin. “Triiodothyronine (T3) decreases binding to DNA by T3-receptor homodimers but not receptor-auxiliary protein heterodimers.” J Biol Chem 267, no. 6 (February 25, 1992): 3565–68.
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  - Yen, P. M., D. S. Darling, and W. W. Chin. “Basal and thyroid hormone receptor auxiliary protein-enhanced binding of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms to native thyroid hormone response elements.” Endocrinology 129, no. 6 (December 1991): 3331–36. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-129-6-3331.
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  - Yen, P. M., and S. S. Simons. “Evidence against posttranslational glycosylation of rat glucocorticoid receptors.” Receptor 1, no. 3 (1991): 191–205.
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  - Simons, S. S., L. Mercier, N. R. Miller, P. A. Miller, H. Oshima, F. D. Sistare, E. B. Thompson, G. Wasner, and P. M. Yen. “Differential modulation of gene induction by glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids in rat hepatoma tissue culture cells.” Cancer Res 49, no. 8 Suppl (April 15, 1989): 2244s-2252s.
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  - Urda, L. A., P. M. Yen, S. S. Simons, and J. M. Harmon. “Region-specific antiglucocorticoid receptor antibodies selectively recognize the activated form of the ligand-occupied receptor and inhibit the binding of activated complexes to deoxyribonucleic acid.” Mol Endocrinol 3, no. 2 (February 1989): 251–60. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend-3-2-251.
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  - Yen, P. M., and A. H. Tashjian. “Short chain fatty acids increase prolactin and growth hormone production and alter cell morphology in the GH3 strain of rat pituitary cells.” Endocrinology 109, no. 1 (July 1981): 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-109-1-17.
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  - Dannies, P. S., P. M. Yen, and A. H. Tashijian. “Anti-estrogenic compounds increase prolactin and growth hormone synthesis in clonal strains of rat pituitary cells.” Endocrinology 101, no. 4 (October 1977): 1151–56. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-101-4-1151.
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- Book Sections
  - Sinha, R. A., and P. M. Yen. “Mechanisms for Thyroid Hormone Action in the CNS.” In Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience, 3–21, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3737-0_1.
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  - Yen, P. M. “Thyroid Disorders.” In Principles of Ambulatory Medicine: Seventh Edition, 1336–66, 2012.

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