Gowthami Morey Arepally | Scholars@Duke

Gowthami Morey Arepally
Professor of Medicine

Gowthami M. Arepally, M.D. is a Professor of Medicine in the Division of Hematology at Duke University Medical Center. Her clinical interests are in immune thrombocytopenias, thrombotic disorders, and complement-mediated diseases. Dr. Arepally’s long-standing research program investigates the immune pathogenesis of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Current laboratory efforts focus on the role of complement activation in antibody production and thrombosis in HIT, studies of complement inhibitors for immune-complex mediated diseases and diagnostic biomarkers of platelet activation.

Current Research Interests

Our laboratory conducts translational studies of hematologic disease. Using heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) as a model disease, we apply in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo approaches to uncover disease mechanisms, model disease and apply discoveries to patient care. Beyond HIT, our laboratory is investigating biomarkers of venous thrombosis and HIT, complement's role in other immune-complex disorders and mechanisms of classical pathway regulation.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Hematology, Medicine 2018
Associate Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2009
Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2018

Contact Information

Duke Box 3486, Durham, NC 27710
Rm 301 Sands Bldg, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710
arepa001@mc.duke.edu (919) 668-3696
Arepally Lab

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellow in Hematology-Oncology, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 1993 - 1997
- Chief Medical Resident, Medicine, Emory University 1992 - 1993
- Medical Resident, Medicine, Emory University 1989 - 1992
- M.D., Vanderbilt University 1989
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Hematology, Medicine 2011 - 2018
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Hematology, Medicine 2008 - 2011
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Hematology, Medicine 2002 - 2008
- Instructor, Temporary in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Hematology, Medicine 2001 - 2002
Leadership & Clinical Positions at Duke
- Executive Committee, Office of Physician Scientist Development (2020-present)
  Research Integrity Officer for Basic/Translational Research, Department of Medicine, (2020-present)
  Associate Program Director, Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program (2020-present)
  Program Director, Strong Start Program (2019 to present)
  Vice-Chief Hematology Research, Division of Hematology (2013-present)
  Medical Director, Duke Therapeutic Apheresis (2010-2019)
Recognition
In the News
- FEB 1, 2021 Duke Research Blog
  
  Addressing Diversity in Science, at a Personal and Institutional Level
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- Characterization of a Novel E. coli Type III Secretion System Associated with Increased Patient Mortality awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2027
- Hematology & Transfusion Medicine (T32) awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2026
- Complement and Thrombosis in HIT awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2024
- Unified Program for Therapeutics in Children awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- An Acoustofluidic Device for Biocompatible Platelet Separation awarded by Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc. 2022 - 2023
- Duke CTSA (TL1) Year 5 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Novel development ofan acoustofluidic device for targeted antibody removal in pediatric organ transplan rejection awarded by National Institutes of Health 2021 - 2023
- Acoustic Device to Prevent Antibody Mediated Organ Transplant Failure awarded by Hartwell Foundation 2019 - 2023
- Platelet Kinetics in Acute Thrombus Formation in Healthy and VTE Patients awarded by Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2019 - 2022
- Role of Complement Receptors in cellualr activation by HIT immune complexes awarded by American Society of Hematology 2021 - 2022
- Duke Resident Physician-Scientist Program- NHLBI awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2022
- Variability in neutrophil activation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2022
- Complement and CR2/CD21 in the Immune Pathogenesis of HIT(R01) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2022
- Defining the role of therapeutic plasma exchange in heparin induced thrombocytopenia awarded by Hemophilia & Thrombosis Research Society 2017 - 2020
- An Acoustofluidic Device for Biocompatible Platelet Separation awarded by Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc. 2018 - 2020
- Biological Significance of Protamine/Heparin Antibodies awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2020
- Probing the heparin structural elements for high risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2013 - 2019
- Duke-UNC Clinical Hematology and Transfusion Research Career Development Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2019
- Probing the heparin structural elements for high risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2016 - 2018
- Clinical Study Protocol for External Performance Evaluation of INNOVANCE Heparin on BCS XP¿Method Comparison awarded by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics 2016 - 2018
- Clinical Study Protocol for External Performance Evaluation of INNOVANCE Heparin on BCS XP, Method Comparison awarded by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics 2017
- Cellular Basis of HIT Immune Response in Cardiac Surgery awarded by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 2012 - 2017
- Biological Significance of Protamine/Heparin Antibodies awarded by Hemostasis & Thrombosis Research Society 2015
- Modeling the spectrum of HIT pathobiology awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2014
- Biological Significance of Protatmine/Heparin Antibodies awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2014
- Clinical Significance of protamine/heparin antibodies after CPB awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2014
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Centers Research and Prevention Network awarded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2002 - 2013
- Immune Dysregulation in HIT awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2012
- Rare Thrombotic Diseases Clinical Research Network awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2010
- Pathogenesis of Thrombosis in HIT awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2004
External Relationships
- ABCAM PLC
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Annexon
- AstraZeneca
- Biokit
- Novartis
- Veralox therapeutics
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Kram, Shawn J., Arzo Hamidi, Bridgette L. Kram, Gowthami Arepally, and Jerrold H. Levy. “The Predictive Value of the 4Ts and HEP Score at Recommended Cutoffs in Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices.” J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 36, no. 7 (July 2022): 1873–79. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2022.02.030.
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  - Reed, Christopher R., Desiree Bonadonna, James C. Otto, Charles Griffin McDaniel, Charlene Vongai Chabata, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, James Frederiksen, et al. “Aptamer-based factor IXa inhibition preserves hemostasis and prevents thrombosis in a piglet model of ECMO.” Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 27 (March 8, 2022): 524–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.011.
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  - Khandelwal, Sanjay, Ayiesha Barnes, Lubica Rauova, Amrita Sarkar, Ann H. Rux, Serge V. Yarovoi, S Sergei Zaitsev, et al. “Complement mediates binding and procoagulant effects of ultralarge HIT immune complexes.” Blood 138, no. 21 (November 25, 2021): 2106–16. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020009487.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M. “COVID-19 and VITT: same or different?” Blood 138, no. 14 (October 7, 2021): 1206–7. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2021013362.
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  - Schmitz, Robin, Zachary W. Fitch, Paul M. Schroder, Ashley Y. Choi, Miriam Manook, Janghoon Yoon, Mingqing Song, et al. “C3 complement inhibition prevents antibody-mediated rejection and prolongs renal allograft survival in sensitized non-human primates.” Nat Commun 12, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 5456. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25745-7.
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  - Dhoot, Roshni, Aman Kansal, Chauncy Handran, Tarek Haykal, James Ronald, Matthew Kappus, Gowthami M. Arepally, Mark Graham, and John J. Strouse. “Thrombocytopenia and splanchnic thrombosis after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination successfully treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting and thrombectomy.” Am J Hematol 96, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1180–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.26258.
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  - Barbour, T., M. Scully, G. Ariceta, S. Cataland, K. Garlo, N. Heyne, Y. Luque, et al. “Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of the Long-Acting Complement C5 Inhibitor Ravulizumab for the Treatment of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Adults.” Kidney International Reports 6, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1603–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.884.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Thomas L. Ortel. “Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): What We Know and Don't Know.” Blood, June 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2021012152.
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  - Rondeau, Eric, Marie Scully, Gema Ariceta, Tom Barbour, Spero Cataland, Nils Heyne, Yoshitaka Miyakawa, et al. “Corrigendum to "Rondeau E, Scully M, Ariceta G, Barbour T, Cataland S, Heyne N, Miyakawa Y, Ortiz S, Swenson E, Vallee M, Yoon S-S, Kavanagh D and Haller H; on behalf of the 311 Study Group. The long-acting C5 inhibitor, Ravulizumab, is effective and safe in adult patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome naïve to complement inhibitor treatment." Kidney Int. 2020;97:1287-1296.” Kidney Int 99, no. 5 (May 2021): 1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.008.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Anand Padmanabhan. “Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Focus on Thrombosis.” Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 41, no. 1 (January 2021): 141–52. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315445.
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  - Rondeau, Eric, Marie Scully, Gema Ariceta, Tom Barbour, Spero Cataland, Nils Heyne, Yoshitaka Miyakawa, et al. “Erratum to "Rondeau E, Scully M, Ariceta G, Barbour T, Cataland S, Heyne N, Miyakawa Y, Ortiz S, Swenson E, Vallee M, Yoon S-S, Kavanagh D, Haller H; on behalf of the 311 Study Group. The long-acting C5 inhibitor, Ravulizumab, is effective and safe in adult patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome naïve to complement inhibitor treatment" Kidney Int. 2020;97:1287-1296.” Kidney Int 98, no. 6 (December 2020): 1621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.11.001.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Douglas B. Cines. “Pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Transl Res 225 (November 2020): 131–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.014.
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  - Johnston, Ian, Amrita Sarkar, Vincent Hayes, Gavin T. Koma, Gowthami M. Arepally, Junmei Chen, Dominic W. Chung, et al. “Recognition of PF4-VWF complexes by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies contributes to thrombus propagation.” Blood 135, no. 15 (April 9, 2020): 1270–80. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2018881607.
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  - Gollomp, Kandace, Amrita Sarkar, Sanjiv Harikumar, Steven H. Seeholzer, Gowthami M. Arepally, Kristin Hudock, Lubica Rauova, M Anna Kowalska, and Mortimer Poncz. “Fc-modified HIT-like monoclonal antibody as a novel treatment for sepsis.” Blood 135, no. 10 (March 5, 2020): 743–54. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019002329.
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  - Achey, Meredith A., Uttara P. Nag, Victoria L. Robinson, Christopher R. Reed, Gowthami M. Arepally, Jerrold H. Levy, and Elisabeth T. Tracy. “The Developing Balance of Thrombosis and Hemorrhage in Pediatric Surgery: Clinical Implications of Age-Related Changes in Hemostasis.” Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 26 (January 2020): 1076029620929092. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620929092.
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  - Gollomp, Kandace, Amrita Sarkar, Gowthami Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, M Anna Kowalska, Lubica Rauova, and Mortimer Poncz. “Understanding How Fc-Modification Transforms a Pathogenic Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)-like Monoclonal Antibody into a Novel Treatment for Sepsis.” Blood 134, no. Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 10. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123132.
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  - Pishko, Allyson M., Daniel S. Lefler, Phyllis Gimotty, Koosha Paydary, Sara Fardin, Gowthami M. Arepally, Mark Crowther, et al. “The risk of major bleeding in patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” J Thromb Haemost 17, no. 11 (November 2019): 1956–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14587.
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  - Duarte, Madelaine, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, Sanjay Khandelwal, Gowthami M. Arepally, and Grace M. Lee. “Heterogeneity in neutrophil responses to immune complexes.” Blood Adv 3, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 2778–89. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000235.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Thomas L. Ortel. “Bad weed: synthetic cannabinoid-associated coagulopathy.” Blood 133, no. 9 (February 28, 2019): 902–5. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-11-876839.
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  - Khandelwal, Sanjay, Joann Ravi, Lubica Rauova, Alexandra Johnson, Grace M. Lee, Jennifer B. Gilner, Sreenivasulu Gunti, et al. “Polyreactive IgM initiates complement activation by PF4/heparin complexes through the classical pathway.” Blood 132, no. 23 (December 6, 2018): 2431–40. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-03-834598.
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  - Cuker, Adam, Gowthami M. Arepally, Beng H. Chong, Douglas B. Cines, Andreas Greinacher, Yves Gruel, Lori A. Linkins, et al. “American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood Adv 2, no. 22 (November 27, 2018): 3360–92. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024489.
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  - Pishko, Allyson M., Sara Fardin, Daniel S. Lefler, Koosha Paydary, Rolando Vega, Gowthami M. Arepally, Mark Crowther, Lawrence Rice, Douglas B. Cines, and Adam Cuker. “Prospective comparison of the HEP score and 4Ts score for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood Adv 2, no. 22 (November 27, 2018): 3155–62. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018023077.
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  - Rauova, Lubica, Gowthami Arepally, Mortimer Poncz, and Douglas B. Cines. “Molecular and cellular pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).” Autoimmun Rev 17, no. 10 (October 2018): 1046–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.003.
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  - Gollomp, Kandace, Minna Kim, Ian Johnston, Vincent Hayes, John Welsh, Gowthami M. Arepally, Mark Kahn, et al. “Neutrophil accumulation and NET release contribute to thrombosis in HIT.” Jci Insight 3, no. 18 (September 20, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.99445.
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  - Dai, Jing, Daria Madeeva, Vincent Hayes, Hyun Sook Ahn, Valerie Tutwiler, Gowthami M. Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, Mortimer Poncz, and Lubica Rauova. “Dynamic intercellular redistribution of HIT antigen modulates heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood 132, no. 7 (August 16, 2018): 727–34. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-02-830737.
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  - Gunaratne, Ruwan, Shekhar Kumar, James W. Frederiksen, Steven Stayrook, Jens L. Lohrmann, Kay Perry, Kristin M. Bompiani, et al. “Combination of aptamer and drug for reversible anticoagulation in cardiopulmonary bypass.” Nat Biotechnol 36, no. 7 (August 2018): 606–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4153.
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  - Khandelwal, Sanjay, Alexandra M. Johnson, Jian Liu, David Keire, Cynthia Sommers, Joann Ravi, Grace M. Lee, John D. Lambris, Edimara S. Reis, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Novel Immunoassay for Complement Activation by PF4/Heparin Complexes.” Thromb Haemost 118, no. 8 (August 2018): 1484–87. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660858.
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  - Onwuemene, Oluwatoyosi A., Steven C. Grambow, Chetan B. Patel, Robert J. Mentz, Carmelo A. Milano, Joseph G. Rogers, Ara D. Metjian, Gowthami M. Arepally, and Thomas L. Ortel. “Indications for and outcomes of therapeutic plasma exchange after cardiac transplantation: A single center retrospective study.” J Clin Apher 33, no. 4 (August 2018): 469–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.21622.
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  - Haile, Lydia A., Roshni Rao, Swamy K. Polumuri, Gowthami M. Arepally, David A. Keire, Daniela Verthelyi, and Cynthia D. Sommers. “PF4-HIT antibody (KKO) complexes activate broad innate immune and inflammatory responses.” Thromb Res 159 (November 2017): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2017.09.018.
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  - Tanhehco, Yvette C., Gowthami Arepally, and Ara Metjian. “Novel therapeutic approaches for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.” Curr Opin Hematol 24, no. 6 (November 2017): 521–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000375.
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  - Abbes, Sarah, Ara Metjian, Alice Gray, Tereza Martinu, Laurie Snyder, Dong-Feng Chen, Matthew Ellis, Gowthami M. Arepally, and Oluwatoyosi Onwuemene. “Human Leukocyte Antigen Sensitization in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Primer on Terminology, Testing, and Clinical Significance for the Apheresis Practitioner.” Ther Apher Dial 21, no. 5 (October 2017): 441–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-9987.12570.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood 129, no. 21 (May 25, 2017): 2864–72. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-11-709873.
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  - Fountain, Eric M., and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Etiology and complications of thrombocytopenia in hospitalized medical patients.” J Thromb Thrombolysis 43, no. 4 (May 2017): 429–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-016-1467-8.
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  - Lee, Grace M., Manali Joglekar, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, Sanjay Khandelwal, Rui Qi, Lubica Rauova, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Serologic characterization of anti-protamine/heparin and anti-PF4/heparin antibodies.” Blood Adv 1, no. 11 (April 25, 2017): 644–51. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004408.
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  - Hayes, Vincent, Ian Johnston, Gowthami M. Arepally, Steven E. McKenzie, Douglas B. Cines, Lubica Rauova, and Mortimer Poncz. “Endothelial antigen assembly leads to thrombotic complications in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” J Clin Invest 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 1090–98. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI90958.
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  - Fountain, Eric M., Maggie C. Moses, Lawrence P. Park, Christopher W. Woods, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Thrombocytopenia in hospitalized patients with severe clostridium difficile infection.” Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 43, no. 1 (January 2017): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-016-1423-7.
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  - Welsby, I. J., E. F. Krakow, J. A. Heit, E. C. Williams, G. M. Arepally, S. Bar-Yosef, D. F. Kong, et al. “The association of anti-platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies with early and delayed thromboembolism after cardiac surgery.” J Thromb Haemost 15, no. 1 (January 2017): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13533.
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  - Onwuemene, Oluwatoyosi, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: research and clinical updates.” Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2016, no. 1 (December 2, 2016): 262–68. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.262.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami Morey. “Should we avoid heparin to eliminate HIT?” Blood Adv 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2016): 4. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000083.
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  - Cines, Douglas B., Serge V. Yarovoi, Sergei V. Zaitsev, Tatiana Lebedeva, Lubica Rauova, Mortimer Poncz, Gowthami M. Arepally, et al. “Polyphosphate/platelet factor 4 complexes can mediate heparin-independent platelet activation in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood Adv 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2016): 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000877.
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  - Khandelwal, Sanjay, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Immune pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Thromb Haemost 116, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 792–98. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH16-01-0074.
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  - Khandelwal, Sanjay, Grace M. Lee, C Garren Hester, Mortimer Poncz, Steven E. McKenzie, Bruce S. Sachais, Lubica Rauova, et al. “The antigenic complex in HIT binds to B cells via complement and complement receptor 2 (CD21).” Blood 128, no. 14 (October 6, 2016): 1789–99. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-04-709634.
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  - Fountain, Eric M., and Gowthami M. Arepally. “THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN HOSPITALIZED NON-ICU PATIENTS.” American Journal of Hematology 91, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): E401–E401.
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  - Cai, Zheng, Serge V. Yarovoi, Zhiqiang Zhu, Lubica Rauova, Vincent Hayes, Tatiana Lebedeva, Qun Liu, et al. “Atomic description of the immune complex involved in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Nat Commun 6 (September 22, 2015): 8277. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9277.
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  - Joglekar, M., S. Khandelwal, D. B. Cines, M. Poncz, L. Rauova, and G. M. Arepally. “Heparin enhances uptake of platelet factor 4/heparin complexes by monocytes and macrophages.” J Thromb Haemost 13, no. 8 (August 2015): 1416–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13003.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Thomas L. Ortel. “Changing practice of anticoagulation: will target-specific anticoagulants replace warfarin?” Annu Rev Med 66 (2015): 241–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051113-024633.
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  - Snyder, L. D., A. L. Gray, J. M. Reynolds, G. M. Arepally, A. Bedoya, M. G. Hartwig, R. D. Davis, et al. “Antibody desensitization therapy in highly sensitized lung transplant candidates.” Am J Transplant 14, no. 4 (April 2014): 849–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.12636.
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  - Litvinov, Rustem I., Serge V. Yarovoi, Lubica Rauova, Valeri Barsegov, Bruce S. Sachais, Ann H. Rux, Jillian L. Hinds, Gowthami M. Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, and John W. Weisel. “Distinct specificity and single-molecule kinetics characterize the interaction of pathogenic and non-pathogenic antibodies against platelet factor 4-heparin complexes with platelet factor 4.” J Biol Chem 288, no. 46 (November 15, 2013): 33060–70. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.481598.
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  - Lee, Grace M., and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 27, no. 3 (June 2013): 541–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2013.02.001.
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  - Cuker, Adam, Ann H. Rux, Jillian L. Hinds, May Dela Cruz, Serge V. Yarovoi, Isola A. M. Brown, Wei Yang, et al. “Novel diagnostic assays for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood 121, no. 18 (May 2, 2013): 3727–32. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-01-479576.
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  - Zheng, Yongwei, Mei Yu, Andrew Podd, Liudi Yuan, Debra K. Newman, Renren Wen, Gowthami Arepally, and Demin Wang. “Critical role for mouse marginal zone B cells in PF4/heparin antibody production.” Blood 121, no. 17 (April 25, 2013): 3484–92. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-01-477091.
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  - Lee, Grace M., Ian J. Welsby, Barbara Phillips-Bute, Thomas L. Ortel, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “High incidence of antibodies to protamine and protamine/heparin complexes in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.” Blood 121, no. 15 (April 11, 2013): 2828–35. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-11-469130.
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  - Cuker, A., D. B. Cines, and G. Arepally. “Autoantibodies in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia,” January 1, 2013, 511–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-56378-1.00060-5.
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  - Lee, Grace M., and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2013 (2013): 668–74. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.668.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M. “HIT and run: heparin's unusual immune response.” Blood 120, no. 20 (November 15, 2012): 4119–20. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-09-455097.
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  - Sachais, Bruce S., Rustem I. Litvinov, Serge V. Yarovoi, Lubica Rauova, Jillian L. Hinds, Ann H. Rux, Gowthami M. Arepally, et al. “Dynamic antibody-binding properties in the pathogenesis of HIT.” Blood 120, no. 5 (August 2, 2012): 1137–42. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-01-407262.
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  - Kelton, J. G., T. E. Warkentin, J. C. Moore, D. M. Arnold, I. Nazi, G. M. Arepally, J. M. Roach, and I. Fier. “A prospective study measuring the development of antibodies against platelet factor 4-heparin in healthy males after exposure to heparins.” J Thromb Haemost 10, no. 7 (July 2012): 1446–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04759.x.
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  - Kasthuri, Raj S., Sam L. Glover, William Jonas, Troy McEachron, Rafal Pawlinski, Gowthami M. Arepally, Nigel S. Key, and Nigel Mackman. “PF4/heparin-antibody complex induces monocyte tissue factor expression and release of tissue factor positive microparticles by activation of FcγRI.” Blood 119, no. 22 (May 31, 2012): 5285–93. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-06-359430.
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  - Joglekar, M. V., P. M. Quintana Diez, S. Marcus, R. Qi, B. Espinasse, M. R. Wiesner, E. Pempe, J. Liu, D. M. Monroe, and G. M. Arepally. “Disruption of PF4/H multimolecular complex formation with a minimally anticoagulant heparin (ODSH).” Thromb Haemost 107, no. 4 (April 2012): 717–25. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH11-11-0795.
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  - Andrzejewski, Chester, Walter Linz, Jan Hofmann, Una O’Doherty, Richard S. Robinson, Gowthami M. Arepally, and Patricia Golden. “American Society for Apheresis white paper: considerations for medical staff apheresis medicine physician credentialing and privileging.” J Clin Apher 27, no. 6 (2012): 330–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.21250.
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  - Lee, Grace, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Anticoagulation techniques in apheresis: from heparin to citrate and beyond.” J Clin Apher 27, no. 3 (2012): 117–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.21222.
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  - Kasthuri, R. S., S. L. Glover, J. William, R. Pawlinski, G. M. Arepally, N. S. Key, and N. Mackman. “Induction of tissue factor expression in monocytes by the platelet factor 4/heparin/antibody complex is mediated by MEK1 and pERK1/2.” Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9 (July 1, 2011): 265–66.
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  - Herold, Christina I., Cristina Gasparetto, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Lenalidomide-Associated ITP.” Case Rep Hematol 2011 (2011): 638020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/638020.
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  - Chudasama, Shalini L., Benjamin Espinasse, Fred Hwang, Rui Qi, Manali Joglekar, Galyna Afonina, Mark R. Wiesner, Ian J. Welsby, Thomas L. Ortel, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Heparin modifies the immunogenicity of positively charged proteins.” Blood 116, no. 26 (December 23, 2010): 6046–53. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-06-292938.
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  - Cuker, A., G. Arepally, M. A. Crowther, L. Rice, F. Datko, K. Hook, K. J. Propert, et al. “The HIT Expert Probability (HEP) Score: a novel pre-test probability model for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia based on broad expert opinion.” J Thromb Haemost 8, no. 12 (December 2010): 2642–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04059.x.
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  - Hursting, Marcie J., Poulomi J. Pai, Julianna E. McCracken, Fred Hwang, Shayela Suvarna, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Nicholas Bandarenko, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in blood bank donors.” Am J Clin Pathol 134, no. 5 (November 2010): 774–80. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPG0MNR5NGKNFX.
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  - Crow, Sheri, Dong Chen, Carmelo Milano, William Thomas, Lyle Joyce, Valentino Piacentino, Riti Sharma, et al. “Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in continuous-flow ventricular assist device recipients.” Ann Thorac Surg 90, no. 4 (October 2010): 1263–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.04.099.
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  - Whitlatch, Nicole L., David F. Kong, Ara D. Metjian, Gowthami M. Arepally, and Thomas L. Ortel. “Validation of the high-dose heparin confirmatory step for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood 116, no. 10 (September 9, 2010): 1761–66. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-01-262659.
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  - Crow, Sheri, Carmelo Milano, Lyle Joyce, Dong Chen, Gowthami Arepally, Dawn Bowles, William Thomas, and Nestor Villamizar Ortiz. “Comparative analysis of von Willebrand factor profiles in pulsatile and continuous left ventricular assist device recipients.” Asaio J 56, no. 5 (September 2010): 441–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e3181e5de0a.
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  - Homi, H Mayumi, Huaxin Sheng, Gowthami M. Arepally, G Burkhard Mackensen, and Hilary P. Grocott. “Aprotinin improves functional outcome but not cerebral infarct size in an experimental model of stroke during cardiopulmonary bypass.” Anesth Analg 111, no. 1 (July 2010): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181e0549f.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami, Kenneth A. Bauer, Deepak L. Bhatt, Geno J. Merli, Gerald V. Naccarelli, Reshma D. Carter, Rachel B. Karcher, Carolyn A. Berry, Kimberly L. Keaton, and Stephanie A. Stowell. “The use of antithrombotic therapies in the prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis: a survey of current knowledge and practice supporting the need for clinical education.” Crit Pathw Cardiol 9, no. 1 (March 2010): 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1097/HPC.0b013e3181d24562.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Thomas L. Ortel. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Annu Rev Med 61 (2010): 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.042808.171814.
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  - Welsby, Ian J., John Um, Carmelo A. Milano, Thomas L. Ortel, and Gowthami Arepally. “Plasmapheresis and heparin reexposure as a management strategy for cardiac surgical patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Anesth Analg 110, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c3c1cd.
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  - Smyth, S. S., R. P. McEver, A. S. Weyrich, C. N. Morrell, M. R. Hoffman, G. M. Arepally, P. A. French, H. L. Dauerman, R. C. Becker, and R. C. 2009 Platelet Colloquium Participants. “Platelet functions beyond hemostasis.” J Thromb Haemost 7, no. 11 (November 2009): 1759–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03586.x.
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  - Ragni, M. V., O. Ojeifo, J. Feng, J. Yan, K. A. Hill, S. S. Sommer, M. N. Trucco, D. J. Brambilla, and D. J. Hemophilia Inhibitor Study. “Risk factors for inhibitor formation in haemophilia: a prevalent case-control study.” Haemophilia 15, no. 5 (September 2009): 1074–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02058.x.
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  - Rauova, L., G. Arepally, S. E. McKenzie, B. A. Konkle, D. B. Cines, and M. Poncz. “Platelet and monocyte antigenic complexes in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).” J Thromb Haemost 7 Suppl 1 (July 2009): 249–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03373.x.
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  - Pai, Poulomi J., Julianna E. McCracken, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “SEROPREVALENCE OF PF4/HEPARIN ANTIBODIES AMONG BLOOD BANK DONORS.” Pediatric Blood & Cancer 52, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 710–11.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M. “Nothing typical about HIT.” Blood 113, no. 20 (May 14, 2009): 4825–26. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-02-198549.
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  - Suvarna, S., R. Qi, and G. M. Arepally. “Optimization of a murine immunization model for study of PF4/heparin antibodies.” J Thromb Haemost 7, no. 5 (May 2009): 857–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03330.x.
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  - Diaz, Geraldine C., Joan Prowda, Irene J. Lo, Gowthami M. Arepally, Neal Evans, Yvonne Wheeless, Benjamin Samstein, James V. Guarrera, and John F. Renz. “Transplantation-mediated alloimmune thrombocytopenia: Guidelines for utilization of thrombocytopenic donors.” Liver Transpl 14, no. 12 (December 2008): 1803–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.21539.
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  - Rauova, Lubica, Gowthami M. Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, and Mortimer Poncz. “Monocytes Are a Particularly Favorable Target for Surface Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) Antigenic Complex Formation in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: New Insights into the Thrombotic Risk in HIT.” Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 107–107.
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  - Suvarna, Shayela, Rui Qi, and Gowtharni M. Arepally. “Development of mPF4/Heparin Antibodies in a Murine Platelet Activation Model.” Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 106–7.
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  - Lukes, Andrea S., Beth Reardon, and Gowthami Arepally. “Use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in women with hemostatic disorders.” Fertil Steril 90, no. 3 (September 2008): 673–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1315.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Marcie J. Hursting. “Platelet factor 4/heparin antibody (IgG/M/A) in healthy subjects: a literature analysis of commercial immunoassay results.” J Thromb Thrombolysis 26, no. 1 (August 2008): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-008-0217-y.
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  - Suvarna, Shayela, Rui Qi, John W. Hollingsworth, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Platelet factor 4-heparin complexes trigger immune responses independently of the MyD88 pathway.” Br J Haematol 142, no. 4 (August 2008): 671–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07240.x.
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  - Whitlatch, N. L., M. G. Martin, B. D. Shah, and G. M. Arepally. “Response to Boctor and Smith.” American Journal of Hematology 83, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 256. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.21079.
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  - Suvarna, Shayela, Benjamin Espinasse, Rui Qi, Rauova Lubica, Mortimer Poncz, Douglas B. Cines, Mark R. Wiesner, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Determinants of PF4/heparin immunogenicity.” Blood 110, no. 13 (December 15, 2007): 4253–60. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-08-105098.
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  - Arepally, G., M. Poncz, and D. B. Cines. “Autoantibodies in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,” December 1, 2007, 511–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044452763-9/50067-6.
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  - Martin, Michael G., Nicole L. Whitlatch, Bijal Shah, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a Jehovah's Witness.” Am J Hematol 82, no. 7 (July 2007): 679–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.20887.
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  - Hoffman, M., C. M. Colina, A. G. McDonald, G. M. Arepally, L. Pedersen, and D. M. Monroe. “Tissue factor around dermal vessels has bound factor VII in the absence of injury.” J Thromb Haemost 5, no. 7 (July 2007): 1403–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02576.x.
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  - Krakow, Elizabeth F., Ranjit Goudar, Elizabeth Petzold, Shayela Suvarna, Michael Last, Ian J. Welsby, Thomas L. Ortel, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Influence of sample collection and storage on the detection of platelet factor 4-heparin antibodies.” Am J Clin Pathol 128, no. 1 (July 2007): 150–55. https://doi.org/10.1309/RFQK57F5QMURQ1HY.
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  - Cines, Douglas B., Lubica Rauova, Gowthami Arepally, Michael P. Reilly, Steven E. McKenzie, Bruce S. Sachais, and Mortimer Poncz. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: an autoimmune disorder regulated through dynamic autoantigen assembly/disassembly.” J Clin Apher 22, no. 1 (February 2007): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.20109.
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  - Welsby, Ian J., Wilbert L. Jones, Gowthami Arepally, Fellery De Lange, Kenji Yoshitani, Barbara Phillips-Bute, Hilary P. Grocott, Richard Becker, and G Burkhard Mackensen. “Effect of combined anticoagulation using heparin and bivalirudin on the hemostatic and inflammatory responses to cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat.” Anesthesiology 106, no. 2 (February 2007): 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200702000-00018.
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  - Oney, S., S. M. Nimjee, J. Layzer, N. Que-Gewirth, D. Ginsburg, R. C. Becker, G. Arepally, and B. A. Sullenger. “Antidote-controlled platelet inhibition targeting von Willebrand factor with aptamers.” Oligonucleotides 17, no. 3 (2007): 265–74. https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2007.0089.
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  - Arepally, G. M., and T. L. Ortel. “The authors reply [21].” New England Journal of Medicine 355, no. 24 (December 14, 2006): 2598–99. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc062561.
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  - Arepally, G. M., and T. E. Warkentin. “Lepirudin: Walking the dosing line.” Blood 108, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 1428–29. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-06-028407.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., and Thomas L. Ortel. “Clinical practice. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” N Engl J Med 355, no. 8 (August 24, 2006): 809–17. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp052967.
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  - Rauova, Lubica, Li Zhai, M Anna Kowalska, Gowthami M. Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, and Mortimer Poncz. “Role of platelet surface PF4 antigenic complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia pathogenesis: diagnostic and therapeutic implications.” Blood 107, no. 6 (March 15, 2006): 2346–53. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-08-3122.
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  - Arepally, G. M. “The immune paradox of fondaparinux.” Blood 106, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 3686–87. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-09-3711.
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  - Suvarna, Shayela, Lubica Rauova, Emily K. E. McCracken, Christina M. Goss, Bruce S. Sachais, Steven E. McKenzie, Michael P. Reilly, et al. “PF4/heparin complexes are T cell-dependent antigens.” Blood 106, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 929–31. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-12-4955.
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  - Rauova, Lubica, Mortimer Poncz, Steven E. McKenzie, Michael P. Reilly, Gowthami Arepally, John W. Weisel, Chandrasekaran Nagaswami, Douglas B. Cines, and Bruce S. Sachais. “Ultralarge complexes of PF4 and heparin are central to the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood 105, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 131–38. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-04-1544.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami, and Douglas B. Cines. “Pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.” Autoimmun Rev 1, no. 3 (May 2002): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1568-9972(02)00031-9.
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  - Li, Zhong Q., Weiyi Liu, Kwang S. Park, Brue S. Sachais, Gowthani M. Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, and Mortimer Poncz. “Defining a second epitope for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis antibodies using KKO, a murine HIT-like monoclonal antibody.” Blood 99, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 1230–36. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.4.1230.
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  - Ma, A. D., and G. M. Arepally. “Binding and uptake of PF4/heparin/antibody complexes in multiple cell types.” Blood 98, no. 11 (November 16, 2001): 35A-35A.
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  - Reilly, M. P., S. M. Taylor, N. K. Hartman, G. M. Arepally, B. S. Sachais, D. B. Cines, M. Poncz, and S. E. McKenzie. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis in a transgenic mouse model requires human platelet factor 4 and platelet activation through FcgammaRIIA.” Blood 98, no. 8 (October 15, 2001): 2442–47. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.8.2442.
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  - Arepally, G. M., and I. M. Mayer. “Antibodies from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia stimulate monocytic cells to express tissue factor and secrete interleukin-8.” Blood 98, no. 4 (August 15, 2001): 1252–54. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.4.1252.
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  - Konkle, B. A., T. L. Bauer, G. Arepally, D. B. Cines, M. Poncz, S. McNulty, R. N. Edie, and J. D. Mannion. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: bovine versus porcine heparin in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.” Ann Thorac Surg 71, no. 6 (June 2001): 1920–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(01)02534-6.
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  - Arepally, G. M. “Binding and activation of monocytes by pf4/heparin specific antibodies.” Blood 96, no. 11 PART I (December 1, 2000).
  - Reilly, M. P., S. M. Taylor, N. K. Hartman, G. M. Arepally, D. B. Cines, M. Poncz, and S. E. McKenzie. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis in a transgenic mouse model demonstrates the requirement for human platelet factor 4 and platelet activation through fcyriia.” Blood 96, no. 11 PART I (December 1, 2000).
  - Arepally, G. M., and I. M. Mayer. “Binding and activation of monocytes by PF4/heparin specific antibodies.” Blood 96, no. 11 (November 16, 2000): 269A-269A.
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  - Reilly, M. P., S. M. Taylor, N. K. Hartman, G. M. Arepally, D. B. Cines, M. Poncz, and S. E. McKenzie. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis in a transgenic mouse model demonstrates the requirement for human platelet factor 4 and platelet activation through Fc gamma RIIA.” Blood 96, no. 11 (November 16, 2000): 221A-221A.
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  - Arepally, G. M., S. Kamei, K. S. Park, K. Kamei, Z. Q. Li, W. Liu, D. L. Siegel, W. Kisiel, D. B. Cines, and M. Poncz. “Characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody that mimics heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies.” Blood 95, no. 5 (March 1, 2000): 1533–40.
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  - Arepally, G. M. “Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to PF4/heparin (KKO) with functional and serologic properties of hit antibodies.” Blood 94, no. 10 (November 15, 1999): 21A-21A.
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  - Arepally, G. M., K. Kamei, W. Kisiel, D. B. Cines, and M. Poncz. “A murine monoclonal PF4/heparin-specific antibody that mimicks heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibodies.” Thrombosis and Haemostasis, August 1, 1999, 530–530.
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  - Blank, M., A. Eldor, S. Tavor, L. Ziporen, D. B. Cines, G. Arepally, A. Afek, and Y. Shoenfeld. “A mouse model for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Seminars in Hematology 36, no. SUPPL. 1 (January 28, 1999): 12–16.
  - Blank, M., A. Eldor, S. Tavor, L. Ziporen, D. B. Cines, G. Arepally, A. Afek, and Y. Shoenfeld. “A mouse model for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Semin Hematol 36, no. 1 Suppl 1 (January 1999): 12–16.
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  - Ziporen, L., Z. Q. Li, K. S. Park, P. Sabnekar, W. Y. Liu, G. Arepally, Y. Shoenfeld, T. Kieber-Emmons, D. B. Cines, and M. Poncz. “Defining an antigenic epitope on platelet factor 4 associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Blood 92, no. 9 (November 1, 1998): 3250–59.
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  - Arepally, G., T. R. Rebbeck, W. Song, G. Gilliland, J. M. Maris, and M. Poncz. “Evidence for genetic homogeneity in a familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myelogenous leukemia (FPD/AML).” Blood 92, no. 7 (October 1, 1998): 2600–2602.
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  - Arepally, G., and D. B. Cines. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.” Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 16, no. 3 (1998): 237–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02737634.
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  - Blank, M., D. B. Cines, G. Arepally, A. Eldor, A. Afek, and Y. Shoenfeld. “Pathogenicity of human anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin in vivo: generation of mouse anti-PF4/heparin and induction of thrombocytopenia by heparin.” Clin Exp Immunol 108, no. 2 (May 1997): 333–39. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-1008.x.
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  - Bauer, T. L., G. Arepally, B. A. Konkle, B. Mestichelli, S. S. Shapiro, D. B. Cines, M. Poncz, et al. “Prevalence of heparin-associated antibodies without thrombosis in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.” Circulation 95, no. 5 (March 4, 1997): 1242–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.95.5.1242.
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  - Arepally, G., S. E. McKenzie, X. M. Jiang, M. Poncz, and D. B. Cines. “Fc gamma RIIA H/R 131 polymorphism, subclass-specific IgG anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 antibodies and clinical course in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.” Blood 89, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 370–75.
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  - Arepally, G., S. E. McKenzie, X. M. Jiang, M. Poncz, and D. B. Cines. “FcγRIIA H/R¹³¹ polymorphism, subclass-specific IgG anti- heparin/platelet factor 4 antibodies and clinical course in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.” Blood 89, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 370–75. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.2.370.
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  - Jiang, X. M., G. Arepally, M. Poncz, and S. E. McKenzie. “Rapid detection of the Fc gamma RIIA-H/R 131 ligand-binding polymorphism using an allele-specific restriction enzyme digestion (ASRED).” J Immunol Methods 199, no. 1 (November 29, 1996): 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1759(96)00164-0.
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  - Arepally, G., L. C. Kenyon, and E. Lavi. “Late onset of isolated central nervous system metastasis of liposarcoma--a case report.” Am J Clin Oncol 19, no. 4 (August 1996): 351–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000421-199608000-00006.
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  - Arepally, G., C. Reynolds, A. Tomaski, J. Amiral, A. Jawad, M. Poncz, and D. B. Cines. “Comparison of PF4/heparin ELISA assay with the 14C-serotonin release assay in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” Am J Clin Pathol 104, no. 6 (December 1995): 648–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/104.6.648.
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  - Oehler, R. L., J. T. Sinnott, G. Arepally, and Y. P. Dunn. “Kaposi's sarcoma mimicking cellulitis.” Postgrad Med 94, no. 8 (December 1993): 139–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1993.11945775.
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  - Arepally, G., A. Felcher, A. D. Moscioni, and A. A. Demetriou. “Proliferation of intraperitoneally transplanted microcarrier-attached rat liver cells.” Surgical Forum 39 (January 1, 1988): 396–97.
- Book Sections
  - Arepally, G. M., M. Poncz, and D. B. Cines. “Immune vascular injury in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” In Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Fourth Edition, 209–25, 2007.
- Conference Papers
  - Gunaratne, Ruwan, James Frederiksen, Nabil K. Thalji, Michelle D. Ho, Gowthami M. Arepally, Rodney M. Camire, and Bruce A. Sullenger. “RNA Aptamer Against FXa Synergizes with FXa Catalytic Site Inhibitors to Effectively and Reversibly Anticoagulate Blood in an Ex Vivo Oxygenator Circuit.” In Blood, 128:3823–3823. American Society of Hematology, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3823.3823.
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  - Khandelwal, Sanjay, Johnson M. Alexandra, C Garren Hester, Michael M. Frank, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Mechanism of Complement Activation By PF4/ Heparin Complexes.” In Blood, 128:137–137. American Society of Hematology, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.137.137.
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  - Khandelwal, Sanjay, Johnson M. Alexandra, Grace M. Lee, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Novel ELISA-Based Assay for Detection of Complement Activation By PF4/Heparin Complexes.” In Blood, 128:3734–3734. American Society of Hematology, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3734.3734.
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  - Fountain, Eric, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Thrombocytopenia in Hospitalized Non-ICU Patients.” In Blood, Vol. 126. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2015.
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  - Lee, Grace M., Manali Joglekar, Sanjay Khandelwal, Rui Qi, Lubica Rauova, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Characterization of Human and Murine Anti-Protamine/Heparin Antibodies.” In Blood, 126:3461–3461. American Society of Hematology, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3461.3461.
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  - Metjian, Ara, Yvette Tanhehco, Phu Pham Huy, Nicole A. Aqui, Vijay Bhoj, Oluwatoyosi Onwuemene, Marisa Marques, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “The Thrombotic Microangiopathy Registry of North America.” In Blood, Vol. 126. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2015.
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  - Cai, Zheng, Serge V. Yarovoi, Zhiquiang Zhu, Lubica Rauova, Tatiana Lebedeva, Mortimer Poncz, Gowthami M. Arepally, Douglas B. Cines, and Mark I. Greene. “Atomic Level Description of the Immune Complex That Causes Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT).” In Blood, Vol. 124. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2014.
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  - Joglekar, Manali V., Sanjay Khandelwal, Mortimer Poncz, Lubica Rauova, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Understanding the Underlying Immune Response in HIT: Uptake of PF4/Heparin Complexes By Monocytes & Dendritic Cells.” In Blood, Vol. 124. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2014.
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  - Lee, Grace M., Manali V. Joglekar, Rui Qi, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Biologic Activities of Protamine/Heparin Antibodies.” In Blood, 124:2784–2784. American Society of Hematology, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2784.2784.
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  - Pishko, Allyson Marie, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Predicting the Temporal Course of Laboratory Abnormality Resolution in Patients with Thrombotic Microangiopathy.” In Blood, 124:4192–4192. American Society of Hematology, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4192.4192.
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  - Espinasse, Benjamin, Manali Joglekar, Giancarlo Valiente, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Novel Techniques for Measurement of Variable Sized PF4/H Complexes.” In Blood, 120:2204–2204. American Society of Hematology, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2204.2204.
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  - Joglekar, Manali, Rui Qi, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “PF4/H Complexes Induce Germinal Centers in Vivo.” In Blood, 120:269–269. American Society of Hematology, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.269.269.
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  - Lee, Grace M., Ian Welsby, Barbara Phillips Bute, Thomas L. Ortel, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “High Incidence of Antibodies to Protamine and Protamine/Heparin Complexes in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass.” In Blood, 120:3344–3344. American Society of Hematology, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3344.3344.
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  - Lee, Grace M., Ian Welsby, Barbara Phillips Bute, Thomas L. Ortel, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “High Incidence of Antibodies to Protamine and Protamine/Heparin Complexes in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass.” In Blood, Vol. 120, 2012.
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  - Ortel, Thomas L., Ian Welsby, David F. Kong, John A. Heit, Elizabeth Krakow, Nicole Whitlatch, Gowthami M. Arepally, Grace Lee, Shahar Bar-Yosef, and Eliot C. Williams. “HIT Antibody Seropositivity and Thromboembolic Events After Cardiac Surgery.” In Blood, 118:524–25. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2011.
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  - Afonina, Galyna, Manali Joglekar, Rui Qi, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Dendritic Cell Activation by PF4/H Multimolecular Complexes.” In Blood, 116:318–19. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2010.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., Shalini Chudasama, Benjamin Espinasse, Fred Hwang, Rui Qi, Manali Joglekar, Galyna Afonina, Mark Wiesner, Ian Welsby, and Thomas Ortel. “Heparin Modifies the Immunogenicity of Positively-Charged Proteins.” In Blood, 116:615–16. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2010.
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  - Joglekar, Manali, Pedro Quintana, Stephen Marcus, Jian Liu, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Disruption of PF4/Hep Multimolecular Complex Assembly Using a Minimally Anticoagulant Heparin (ODSH).” In Blood, 116:319–319. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2010.
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  - Chudasama, Shalini, Benjamin Espinasse, Mark R. Wiesner, and Gowthami M. Arepally. “Heparin Forms Macromolecular Complexes with Protamine and Lysozyme.” In Blood, 114:538–39. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2009.
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  - Glover, Sam, Nigel S. Key, Gowthami M. Arepally, Nigel Mackman, and Raj S. Kasthuri. “Characterization of Receptors Involved in Heparin Antibody Complex Mediated Induction of Tissue Factor Expression in Monocytes.” In Blood, 114:97–98. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2009.
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  - Arepally, Gowthami M., Rui Qi, John Hollingsworth, and Shayela Suvarna. “Determinants of PF4/heparin immunogenicity in a murine model of HIT.” In Blood, 108:32A-33A. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2006.
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  - Rauova, L., L. Zhai, M. A. Kowalska, G. M. Arepally, D. B. Cines, and M. Poncz. “Pathogenic role of surface platelet factor 4 complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications.” In Blood, 106:21A-21A. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2005.
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  - Arepally, G. M., H. M. Homi, F. De Lange, E. K. E. McCracken, T. M. Goss, S. Suvarna, and H. P. Grocott. “Characterization of autoantibodies to PF4/heparin in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass.” In Blood, 104:825A-825A. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2004.
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  - Suvarna, S., E. K. E. McCracken, and G. M. Arepally. “Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a thymus (T cell) dependent disorder.” In Blood, 104:825A-825A. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2004.
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  - Asmis, L. M., C. Demming, G. M. Arepally, and J. J. Rade. “The interaction of platelets and endothelial cells modulates the procoagulant/anticoagulant balance in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.” In Blood, 102:805A-805A. AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY, 2003.
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Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- HLTHSCI 528: Basic Science Selective 2022
- HLTHSCI 528: Basic Science Selective 2021
- PATHOL 293: Research Independent Study 2021
- HLTHSCI 528: Basic Science Selective 2020
- PATHOL 293: Research Independent Study 2020
Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
- Bass Connections Faculty Team Member. Trauma and Timing. August 2013 - May 2014 2013 - 2014

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