Steffen A. Bass | Scholars@Duke

Steffen A. Bass
Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Physics

Prof. Bass does research at the intersection of theoretical nuclear and particle physics, in particular studying highly energetic collisions of heavy nuclei, with which one aims to create a primordial state of matter at extremely high temperatures and densities (the Quark-Gluon-Plasma) that resembles the composition of the early Universe shortly after the Big Bang.

It has been only in the last two decades that accelerators have been in operation that give us the capabilities to create the conditions of temperature and density in the laboratory that are favorable for the Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) to exist. The Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the accompaniment of detector systems were built specifically to observe and study this phase of matter. Similar studies have recently commenced at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The experiments at RHIC have discovered a new form of ultra-dense matter with unprecedented properties, a plasma composed of unbound quarks and gluons, that appears to behave as a nearly ``perfect liquid.''

Prof. Bass is a leading expert in the phenomenology of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) and in knowledge extraction from large scale data sets via computational modeling. He is best known for his work developing a variety of computational models for the description of these ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as well as for his contributions to the phenomenology of the QGP and the determination of the shear viscosity of the QGP.

Prof. Bass is a member of the Divisions of Nuclear and Computational Physics of the American Physical Society. He has published more than 160 peer-reviewed articles. He is a member of the Editorial Board of Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. In 2014 he was named Outstanding Referee for APS Journals and was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Physics, Physics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2020
Professor of Physics, Physics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2012
Chair of Physics, Physics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2019

Contact Information

261D Physics, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90305, Durham, NC 27708-0305
bass@duke.edu (919) 660-2479
Curriculum Vitae (pdf)
Twitter: @steffen_bass

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Johann Wolfgang Goeth Universitat Frankfurt Am Main (Germany) 1997
- M.S., Johann Wolfgang Goeth Universitat Frankfurt Am Main (Germany) 1993
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Chair for Teaching in the Department of Physics, Physics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2015 - 2019
- Interim Chair of Physics, Physics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2018 - 2019
- Associate Professor of Physics, Physics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2008 - 2011
- Assistant Professor of Physics, Physics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2001 - 2007
Recognition
Awards & Honors
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- REU Site: Undergraduate Research in Nuclear Particle Physics at TUNL and Duke awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2021
- Nuclear Physics at Extreme Energy Density awarded by Department of Energy 2005 - 2021
- Collaborative Research: SI2-SSI: Jet Energy-loss Tomography with a Statistically and Computationally Advanced Program Envelope (JETSCAPE) awarded by National Science Foundation 2016 - 2020
- Support for Xiaojun Yao 2017 - 2019
- Fermi Gases in Bichromatic Superlattices awarded by North Carolina State University 2012 - 2018
- Optical Control of Interactions in Non-equilibrium Fermi Gases awarded by North Carolina State University 2016 - 2018
- Nuclear Physics at Extreme Energy Density awarded by Department of Energy 2005 - 2018
- JET Collaboration awarded by Department of Energy 2010 - 2015
- NEARLY PERFECT LIQUIDS 2009: From Quark-Gluon Plasma to Ultra-Cold Atoms awarded by National Science Foundation 2009 - 2010
- Hot Quarks 2008 awarded by National Science Foundation 2008 - 2009
- Modeling and Analysis of Ultra-Realistic Heavy-Ion Collisions awarded by Department of Energy 2003 - 2008
- Probing the QCD Equation of State and Hadronization at RHIC awarded by National Science Foundation 2003 - 2007
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Nuclear Physics at Extreme Energy Density awarded by Department of Energy 1995 - 2005
- Hot Quarks 2004 - A Workshop on the Physics of Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions for Young Scientists awarded by National Science Foundation 2004 - 2005
- 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter awarded by National Science Foundation 2003 - 2004
External Relationships
- Becton, Dickinson and Company
- Coca Cola Enterprises, Inc.
- International Business Machines Corp.
- Walt Disney Company
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Song, T., P. Moreau, Y. Xu, V. Ozvenchuk, E. Bratkovskaya, J. Aichelin, S. A. Bass, P. B. Gossiaux, and M. Nahrgang. “Traces of nonequilibrium effects, initial condition, bulk dynamics, and elementary collisions in the charm observables.” Physical Review C 101, no. 4 (April 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.044903.
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  - Moreland, J. S., J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Bayesian calibration of a hybrid nuclear collision model using p-Pb and Pb-Pb data at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.” Physical Review C 101, no. 2 (February 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.024911.
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  - Ke, W., Y. Xu, and S. A. Bass. “Modified Boltzmann approach for modeling the splitting vertices induced by the hot QCD medium in the deep Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal region.” Physical Review C 100, no. 6 (December 23, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.064911.
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  - Bernhard, J. E., J. S. Moreland, and S. A. Bass. “Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of quark–gluon plasma.” Nature Physics 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1113–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0611-8.
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  - Abada, A., M. Abbrescia, S. S. AbdusSalam, I. Abdyukhanov, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Abramov, M. Aburaia, et al. “FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3.” European Physical Journal: Special Topics 228, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 755–1107. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-900087-0.
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  - Abada, A., M. Abbrescia, S. S. AbdusSalam, I. Abdyukhanov, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Abramov, M. Aburaia, et al. “HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4.” European Physical Journal: Special Topics 228, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 1109–1382. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-900088-6.
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  - Nahrgang, M., M. Bluhm, T. Schäfer, and S. A. Bass. “Diffusive dynamics of critical fluctuations near the QCD critical point.” Physical Review D 99, no. 11 (June 20, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.116015.
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  - Abada, A., M. Abbrescia, S. S. AbdusSalam, I. Abdyukhanov, J. A. Fernandez, A. Abramov, M. Aburaia, et al. “FCC Physics Opportunities: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 1.” European Physical Journal C 79, no. 6 (June 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6904-3.
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  - Abada, A., M. Abbrescia, S. S. AbdusSalam, I. Abdyukhanov, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Abramov, M. Aburaia, et al. “FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2.” European Physical Journal: Special Topics 228, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 261–623. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-900045-4.
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  - Cao, S., G. Coci, S. K. Das, W. Ke, S. Y. F. Liu, S. Plumari, T. Song, et al. “Toward the determination of heavy-quark transport coefficients in quark-gluon plasma.” Physical Review C 99, no. 5 (May 28, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.054907.
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  - Moreland, J. S., J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Estimating nucleon substructure properties in a unified model of p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions.” Nuclear Physics A 982 (February 1, 2019): 503–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.07.011.
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  - Yao, X., W. Ke, Y. Xu, S. Bass, and B. Müller. “Quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions: coupled Boltzmann transport equations.” Nuclear Physics A 982 (February 1, 2019): 755–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.10.005.
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  - Yao, Xiaojun, Weiyao Ke, Yingru Xu, Steffen A. Bass, and Berndt Muller. “Quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions: coupled Boltzmann transport equations.” Proceedings of International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High Energy Nuclear Collisions — Pos(Hardprobes2018), January 11, 2019. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.345.0157.
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  - Xu, Y., S. A. Bass, P. Moreau, T. Song, M. Nahrgang, E. Bratkovskaya, P. Gossiaux, et al. “Resolving discrepancies in the estimation of heavy quark transport coefficients in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C 99, no. 1 (January 10, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.014902.
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  - Ke, W., Y. Xu, and S. A. Bass. “Linearized Boltzmann-Langevin model for heavy quark transport in hot and dense QCD matter.” Physical Review C 98, no. 6 (December 5, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.064901.
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  - Srivastava, DK, Chatterjee, R, and Bass, SA. "Landau-Pomeranchuk-Midgal effect and charm production in pp collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider using the parton cascade model." Physical Review C 98, no. 5 (November 28, 2018). Full Text
  - Srivastava, D. K., R. Chatterjee, and S. A. Bass. “Transport dynamics of parton interactions in pp collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.” Physical Review C 97, no. 6 (June 14, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.064910.
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  - Auvinen, J., J. E. Bernhard, S. A. Bass, and I. Karpenko. “Investigating the collision energy dependence of η/s in the beam energy scan at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using Bayesian statistics.” Physical Review C 97, no. 4 (April 13, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.044905.
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  - Xu, Y., J. E. Bernhard, S. A. Bass, M. Nahrgang, and S. Cao. “Data-driven analysis for the temperature and momentum dependence of the heavy-quark diffusion coefficient in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C 97, no. 1 (January 24, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.014907.
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  - Yao, X., W. Ke, Y. Xu, S. Bass, and B. Müller. “Quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions: Coupled Boltzmann transport equations.” Proceedings of Science 345 (January 1, 2018).
  - Srivastava, D. K., S. A. Bass, and R. Chatterjee. “Production of charm quarks in a parton cascade model for relativistic heavy ion collisions at s NN =200 GeV.” Physical Review C 96, no. 6 (December 27, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.064906.
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  - Auvinen, J., I. Karpenko, J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Revealing the collision energy dependence of η/s in RHIC-BES Au+Au collisions using Bayesian statistics.” Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 1, 2017): 784–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.107.
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  - Bass, S. A., J. Bernhard, and J. S. Moreland. “Determination of Quark-Gluon-Plasma Parameters from a Global Bayesian Analysis.” Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 1, 2017): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.052.
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  - Bernhard, J. E., J. S. Moreland, and S. A. Bass. “Characterization of the initial state and QGP medium from a combined Bayesian analysis of LHC data at 2.76 and 5.02 TeV.” Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 1, 2017): 293–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.037.
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  - Moreland, J. S., J. E. Bernhard, W. Ke, and S. A. Bass. “Flow in small and large quark-gluon plasma droplets: the role of nucleon substructure.” Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 1, 2017): 361–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.054.
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  - Nahrgang, M., M. Bluhm, T. Schäfer, and S. A. Bass. “Baryon number diffusion with critical fluctuations.” Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 1, 2017): 824–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.04.021.
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  - Xu, Y., M. Nahrgang, J. E. Bernhard, S. Cao, and S. A. Bass. “A data-driven analysis of the heavy quark transport coefficient.” Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 1, 2017): 668–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.035.
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  - Ke, W., J. S. Moreland, J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Constraints on rapidity-dependent initial conditions from charged-particle pseudorapidity densities and two-particle correlations.” Physical Review C 96, no. 4 (October 25, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.044912.
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  - Cao, S., C. Park, R. A. Barbieri, S. A. Bass, D. Bazow, J. Bernhard, J. Coleman, et al. “Multistage Monte Carlo simulation of jet modification in a static medium.” Physical Review C 96, no. 2 (August 22, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.024909.
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  - Xu, Y., P. Moreau, T. Song, M. Nahrgang, S. A. Bass, and E. Bratkovskaya. “Traces of nonequilibrium dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C 96, no. 2 (August 8, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.024902.
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  - Aarts, G., J. Aichelin, C. Allton, R. Arnaldi, S. A. Bass, C. Bedda, N. Brambilla, et al. “Heavy-flavor production and medium properties in high-energy nuclear collisions --What next?” European Physical Journal A 53, no. 5 (May 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2017-12282-9.
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  - Bluhm, M., M. Nahrgang, S. A. Bass, and T. Schäfer. “Impact of resonance decays on critical point signals in net-proton fluctuations.” European Physical Journal C 77, no. 4 (April 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4771-3.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Suppression and Two-Particle Correlations of Heavy Mesons in Heavy-Ion Collisions.” Nuclear Physics A 956 (December 1, 2016): 505–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2015.12.012.
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  - Bernhard, J. E., J. S. Moreland, S. A. Bass, J. Liu, and U. Heinz. “Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium.” Physical Review C 94, no. 2 (August 12, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024907.
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  - Hao, Lihua, Christopher G. Healey, and Steffen A. Bass. “Effective Visualization of Temporal Ensembles.” Ieee Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22, no. 1 (January 2016): 787–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2015.2468093.
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  - Shen, C., Z. Qiu, H. Song, J. Bernhard, S. Bass, and U. Heinz. “The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Computer Physics Communications 199 (January 1, 2016): 61–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.039.
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  - Xu, Y., S. Cao, M. Nahrgang, W. Ke, G. Y. Qin, J. Auvinen, and S. A. Bass. “Heavy-flavor dynamics in relativistic p-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV.” Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings 276–278 (January 1, 2016): 225–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2016.05.050.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Modeling of heavy-flavor pair correlations in Au-Au collisions at 200A GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 92, no. 5 (November 20, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.054909.
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  - Cao, S., Y. Huang, G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “The influence of initial state fluctuations on heavy quark energy loss in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 42, no. 12 (November 17, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/42/12/125104.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Energy loss, hadronization, and hadronic interactions of heavy flavors in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 92, no. 2 (August 14, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.024907.
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  - Moreland, J. S., J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Alternative ansatz to wounded nucleon and binary collision scaling in high-energy nuclear collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 92, no. 1 (July 6, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.011901.
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  - Bernhard, J. E., P. W. Marcy, C. E. Coleman-Smith, S. Huzurbazar, R. L. Wolpert, and S. A. Bass. “Quantifying properties of hot and dense QCD matter through systematic model-to-data comparison.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 91, no. 5 (May 22, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.054910.
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  - Younus, M., C. E. Coleman-Smith, S. A. Bass, and D. K. Srivastava. “Charm quark energy loss in infinite QCD matter using a parton cascade model.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 91, no. 2 (February 24, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.024912.
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  - Nahrgang, M., J. Aichelin, S. Bass, P. B. Gossiaux, and K. Werner. “Elliptic and triangular flow of heavy flavor in heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 91, no. 1 (January 20, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.014904.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Dynamical evolution, hadronization and angular de-correlation of heavy flavor in a hot and dense QCD medium.” Nuclear Physics A 932 (December 1, 2014): 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2014.08.047.
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  - Asakawa, M., S. A. Bass, and B. Mueller. “Center domains and their phenomenological consequences in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.” Nuclear Physics A 931 (November 1, 2014): 1120–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2014.08.005.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Heavy flavor dynamics in QGP and hadron gas.” Nuclear Physics A 931 (November 1, 2014): 569–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2014.09.011.
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  - Nahrgang, M., J. Aichelin, S. Bass, P. B. Gossiaux, and K. Werner. “Heavy-flavor observables at RHIC and LHC.” Nuclear Physics A 931 (November 1, 2014): 575–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2014.08.094.
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  - Song, H., S. A. Bass, and U. Heinz. “Spectra and elliptic flow for identified hadrons in 2.76A TeV Pb + Pb collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 89, no. 3 (March 31, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.034919.
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  - Younus, M., D. K. Srivastava, and S. A. Bass. “Effect of quark gluon plasma on charm quark produced in relativistic heavy ion collision.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 509, no. 1 (January 1, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/509/1/012038.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Heavy-quark dynamics and hadronization in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions: Collisional versus radiative energy loss.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 88, no. 4 (October 11, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.044907.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Model and parameter dependence of heavy quark energy loss in a hot and dense medium.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 40, no. 8 (August 1, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/40/8/085103.
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  - Asakawa, Masayuki, Steffen A. Bass, and Berndt Müller. “Center domains and their phenomenological consequences.” Physical Review Letters 110, no. 20 (May 15, 2013): 202301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.110.202301.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Collisional vs. radiative energy loss of heavy quark in a hot and dense nuclear matter.” Nuclear Physics A 904–905 (May 2, 2013): 653c-656c. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.02.100.
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  - Coleman-Smith, C. E., B. Müller, and S. A. Bass. “Systematic Monte-Carlo studies of dijets at RHIC using the VNI/BMS Parton Cascade.” Nuclear Physics A 904–905 (May 2, 2013): 759c-762c. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.02.128.
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  - Song, H., S. A. Bass, and U. Heinz. “Erratum: Elliptic flow in √s=200 GeV Au+Au collisions and √s=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions: Insights from viscous hydrodynamics+hadron cascade hybrid model (Physical Review C (2011) 83 (054912)).” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 87, no. 1 (January 14, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.87.019902.
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  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, and S. A. Bass. “Heavy quark energy loss and thermalization in hot and dense nuclear matter.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 420, no. 1 (January 1, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/420/1/012022.
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  - Song, H., S. A. Bass, U. Heinz, T. Hirano, and C. Shen. “Erratum: Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200A GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 86, no. 5 (November 19, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.059903.
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  - Song, H., S. A. Bass, U. Heinz, T. Hirano, and C. Shen. “Erratum: 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect Quark-Gluon liquid.” Physical Review Letters 109, no. 13 (September 27, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.139904.
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  - Bass, S. A., H. Petersen, C. Quammen, H. Canary, C. G. Healey, and R. M. Taylor. “Probing the QCD critical point with relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Central European Journal of Physics 10, no. 6 (May 16, 2012): 1278–81. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-012-0076-1.
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  - Coleman-Smith, C. E., G. Y. Qin, S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Jet modification in a brick of QGP matter.” Aip Conference Proceedings 1441 (May 10, 2012): 892–94. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3700711.
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  - Petersen, H., R. L. Placa, and S. A. Bass. “Triangular flow in relativstic heavy ion collisions in an event-by-event hybrid approach.” Aip Conference Proceedings 1441 (May 10, 2012): 777–79. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3700677.
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  - Bass, S. A., and J. Casalderrey-Solana. “Focus section on AdS/CFT applications to QCD matter.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 39, no. 5 (May 1, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/39/5/050301.
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  - Petersen, H., R. L. Placa, and S. A. Bass. “A systematic study of the sensitivity of triangular flow to the initial state fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 39, no. 5 (May 1, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/39/5/055102.
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  - Phadke, Madhura N., Lifford Pinto, Femi Alabi, Jonathan Harter, Russell M. Taylor, Xunlei Wu, Hannah Petersen, Steffen A. Bass, and Christopher G. Healey. “Exploring Ensemble Visualization.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 8294, no. 82940B (February 2012). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912419.
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  - Harter, Jonathan M., Xunlei Wu, Oluwafemi S. Alabi, Madhura Phadke, Lifford Pinto, Daniel Dougherty, Hannah Petersen, Steffen Bass, and Russell M. Taylor. “Increasing the perceptual salience of relationships in parallel coordinate plots.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 8294 (January 24, 2012): 82940T. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.907486.
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  - Alabi, Oluwafemi S., Xunlei Wu, Jonathan M. Harter, Madhura Phadke, Lifford Pinto, Hannah Petersen, Steffen Bass, et al. “Comparative Visualization of Ensembles Using Ensemble Surface Slicing.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 8294 (January 2012). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.908288.
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  - Bass, S. A. “High energy-density QCD matter.” Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, no. 193 (January 1, 2012): 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.193.53.
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  - Cao, S., and S. A. Bass. “Thermalization of charm quarks in infinite and finite quark-gluon plasma matter.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 84, no. 6 (December 2, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.064902.
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  - Shen, C., S. A. Bass, T. Hirano, P. Huovinen, Z. Qiu, H. Song, and U. Heinz. “The QGP shear viscosity-elusive goal or just around the corner?” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 38, no. 12 (December 1, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/12/124045.
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  - Petersen, H., V. Bhattacharya, S. A. Bass, and C. Greiner. “Longitudinal correlation of the triangular flow event plane in a hybrid approach with hadron and parton cascade initial conditions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 84, no. 5 (November 14, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.054908.
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  - Bass, S. A. “What do we know about the viscosity of QCD matter?” Nuclear Physics A 862–863, no. 1 (July 15, 2011): 174–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2011.05.037.
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  - Coleman-Smith, C. E., S. A. Bass, and D. K. Srivastava. “Implementing the LPM effect in a parton cascade model.” Nuclear Physics A 862–863, no. 1 (July 15, 2011): 275–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2011.05.071.
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  - Song, H., S. A. Bass, and U. Heinz. “Elliptic flow in √s=200 GeV Au+Au collisions and √s=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions: Insights from viscous hydrodynamics+hadron cascade hybrid model.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 83, no. 5 (May 27, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.054912.
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  - Song, H., S. A. Bass, U. Heinz, T. Hirano, and C. Shen. “Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 83, no. 5 (May 25, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.054910.
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  - Song, Huichao, Steffen A. Bass, Ulrich Heinz, Tetsufumi Hirano, and Chun Shen. “200 A GeV Au + Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid.” Physical Review Letters 106, no. 19 (May 9, 2011): 192301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.192301.
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  - Petersen, H., C. Coleman-Smith, S. A. Bass, and R. Wolpert. “Constraining the initial state granularity with bulk observables in Au+Au collisions at √^sNN=200 GeV.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 38, no. 4 (April 1, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/4/045102.
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  - Asakawa, M., S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Anomalous transport processes in turbulent non-Abelian plasmas.” Nuclear Physics A 854, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.07.013.
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  - Petersen, H., T. Renk, and S. A. Bass. “Medium-modified Jets and Initial State Fluctuations as Sources of Charge Correlations Measured at RHIC.” Physical Review C83 (March 2011).
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  - Song, H., S. A. Bass, and U. Heinz. “Viscous QCD matter in a hybrid hydrodynamic+Boltzmann approach.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 83, no. 2 (February 22, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.024912.
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  - Petersen, H., T. Renk, and S. A. Bass. “Medium-modified jets and initial state fluctuations as sources of charge correlations measured at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 83, no. 1 (January 31, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.014916.
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  - Fuini, J., N. S. Demir, D. K. Srivastava, and S. A. Bass. “Shear viscosity in a perturbative quark-gluon plasma.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 38, no. 1 (January 3, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/1/015004.
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  - Qin, G. Y., H. Petersen, S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Translation of collision geometry fluctuations into momentum anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 82, no. 6 (December 13, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.064903.
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  - Shin, G. R., S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Transport theoretical description of collisional energy loss in infinite quark-gluon matter.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 37, no. 10 (October 1, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/10/105112.
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  - Xie, Z., P. Ning, and S. A. Bass. “The freeze-out properties of hyperons in a microscopic transport model.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 37, no. 4 (March 23, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/4/045002.
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  - Petersen, H., G. Y. Qin, S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200A GeV.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 82, no. 4 (January 1, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.041901.
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  - Demir, N., and S. A. Bass. “η / s of a Relativistic Hadron Gas at RHIC: Approaching the AdS/CFT bound?” Nuclear Physics A 830, no. 1–4 (November 1, 2009): 733c-736c. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.10.120.
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  - Nonaka, C., M. Asakawa, S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Signals of the QCD Critical Point in Hydrodynamic Evolutions.” Nuclear Physics A 830, no. 1–4 (November 1, 2009): 291c-294c. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.10.025.
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  - Bass, S., H. Caines, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. De Falco, C. Kuhn, J. Nagle, M. Nardi, C. Salgado, and J. Velkovska. “European Physical Journal C: Editorial.” European Physical Journal C 62, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 1. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1041-z.
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  - Demir, N., and S. A. Bass. “Extracting hadronic viscosity from microscopic transport models.” European Physical Journal C 62, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1000-8.
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  - Lee, K. S., S. Bass, B. Müller, and C. Nonaka. “Hadronization via recombination.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 36, no. 6 (June 15, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/36/6/064034.
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  - Demir, Nasser, and Steffen A. Bass. “Shear-viscosity to entropy-density ratio of a relativistic hadron gas.” Physical Review Letters 102, no. 17 (May 2009): 172302. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.172302.
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  - Bass, S. A. “Modeling of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with 3+1D hydrodynamic and hybrid models.” Acta Physica Polonica B 40, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 951–61.
  - Demir, N., and S. A. Bass. “Shear-Viscosity to Entropy Density Ratio of a Relativistic Hadron Gas at RHIC: Approaching the AdS/CFT bound?” Physical Review Letters 102 (March 2009): 172302.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Gale, A. Majumder, C. Nonaka, G. Y. Qin, T. Renk, and J. Ruppert. “Systematic comparison of jet energy-loss schemes in a realistic hydrodynamic medium.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 79, no. 2 (February 2, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.024901.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Gale, A. Majumder, C. Nonaka, G. Y. Qin, T. Renk, and J. Ruppert. “Systematic comparison of jet energy-loss schemes in a 3D hydrodynamic medium.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 35, no. 10 (October 1, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/35/10/104064.
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  - Nonaka, C., M. Asakawa, and S. A. Bass. “The 3D hydro+UrQMD model with the QCD critical point.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 35, no. 10 (October 1, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/35/10/104099.
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  - Asakawa, M., S. A. Bass, B. Müller, and C. Nonaka. “Transverse velocity dependence of the proton-antiproton ratio as a signature of the QCD critical point.” Physical Review Letters 101, no. 12 (September 19, 2008): 122302. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.101.122302.
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  - Qin, G. Y., J. Ruppert, S. Turbide, C. Gale, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Radiative jet energy loss in a three-dimensional hydrodynamical medium and high pT azimuthal asymmetry of π0 suppression at mid and forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 76, no. 6 (December 26, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064907.
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  - Qin, G. Y., J. Ruppert, S. Turbide, C. Gale, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Radiative jet energy loss in a three-dimensional hydrodynamical medium and high $p_T$ azimuthal asymmetry of pi-zero suppression at mid and forward rapidity at RHIC.” Physical Review C 76 (December 2007).
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  - Renk, T., J. Ruppert, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Jet-quenching in a 3D hydrodynamic medium.” Physical Review C 75 (December 2007).
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  - Majumder, A., C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Jet modification in three dimensional fluid dynamics at next-to-leading twist.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 76, no. 4 (October 23, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.041902.
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  - Asakawa, M., S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Anomalous viscosity of an expanding quark-gluon plasma.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/34/8/S108.
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  - Bass, S. A., T. Renk, J. Ruppert, and C. Nonaka. “Hard and soft probe-medium interactions in a 3D hydro+micro approach at RHIC.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/34/8/S139.
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  - Majumder, A., B. Müller, and S. A. Bass. “Longitudinal broadening of quenched jets in turbulent color fields.” Physical Review Letters 99, no. 4 (July 25, 2007): 042301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.99.042301.
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  - Bass, S. A., and C. Nonaka. “Modeling of heavy-ion collisions at the relativistic heavy-ion collider.” International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 3 (April 1, 2007): 729–41. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021830130700623X.
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  - Renk, T., J. Ruppert, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Jet quenching in a three-dimensional hydrodynamic medium.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 75, no. 3 (March 23, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.75.031902.
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  - Bass, S. A., T. Renk, and D. K. Srivastava. “Photon Production in the Parton Cascade Model.” Nuclear Physics A 783, no. 1-4 SPEC. ISS. (February 15, 2007): 367–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.029.
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  - Antinori, F., S. Bass, A. De Falco, C. Kuhn, M. Nardi, T. Peitzmann, T. Ullrich, J. Velkovska, and U. A. Wiedemann. “European Physical Journal C: Preface.” European Physical Journal C 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 1. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0190-6.
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  - Nonaka, C., and S. A. Bass. “Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.75.014902.
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  - Nonaka, C., and S. A. Bass. “Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter at RHIC.” European Physical Journal C 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0062-0.
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  - Asakawa, M., S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “The flavours of the quark-gluon plasma.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 32, no. 12 (December 1, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/32/12/S50.
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  - Bass, S. A. “SQM 2006: Theory summary and perspectives.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 32, no. 12 (December 1, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/32/12/S02.
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  - Bass, S. A., and C. Nonaka. “Transport theory for RHIC.” Aip Conference Proceedings 870 (December 1, 2006): 699–702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2402733.
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  - Bass, S. A. “Review of parton recombination models.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 50, no. 1 (November 1, 2006): 279–88. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/50/1/033.
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  - Asakawa, M., S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Anomalous transport processes in anisotropically expanding quark-gluon plasmas.” Progress of Theoretical Physics 116, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 725–55. https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.116.725.
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  - Bass, S. A., R. J. Fries, and B. Müller. “Correlations in the Parton Recombination Model.” Nuclear Physics A 774, no. 1–4 (August 7, 2006): 635–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.103.
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  - Nonaka, C., and S. A. Bass. “3-D hydro + cascade model at RHIC.” Nuclear Physics A 774, no. 1–4 (August 7, 2006): 873–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.155.
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  - Asakawa, M., S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Anomalous viscosity of an expanding quark-gluon plasma.” Physical Review Letters 96, no. 25 (June 26, 2006): 252301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.252301.
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  - Renk, T., S. A. Bass, and D. K. Srivastava. “Dynamics of the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect in Au + Au collisions at √s=200 A GeV.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 632, no. 5–6 (January 26, 2006): 632–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.11.026.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and D. K. Srivastava. “RHIC physics with the parton cascade model.” Acta Physica Hungarica, Series A: Heavy Ion Physics 24, no. 1–4 (December 5, 2005): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.24.2005.1-4.7.
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  - Bleicher, M., D. Bandyopadhyay, E. L. Bratkovskaya, M. Reiter, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, M. van Leeuwen, S. A. Bass, and W. Cassing. “Transverse pressure in relativistic nuclear collisions: Evidence for partonic interactions?” Acta Physica Hungarica, Series A: Heavy Ion Physics 24, no. 1–4 (December 5, 2005): 181–88. https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.24.2005.1-4.25.
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  - Nonaka, C., R. J. Fries, B. Müller, S. A. Bass, and M. Asakawa. “Hadronization at RHIC: Interplay of recombination and fragmentation.” Acta Physica Hungarica, Series A: Heavy Ion Physics 24, no. 1–4 (December 5, 2005): 227–33. https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.24.2005.1-4.31.
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  - Müller, B., R. J. Fries, and S. A. Bass. “Thermal recombination: Beyond the valence quark approximation.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 618, no. 1–4 (July 7, 2005): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.05.025.
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  - Bass, S. A. “What do we learn from strangeness at RHIC?” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 31, no. 6 (June 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/014.
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  - Chang, D. Y., S. A. Bass, and D. K. Srivastava. “Perturbative dynamics of strangeness production at RHIC.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 31, no. 6 (June 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/31/6/047.
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  - Antinori, F., S. A. Bass, R. Bellwied, T. Ullrich, J. Velkovska, and U. Wiedemann. “Preface - Hot Quarks 2004.” Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/31/4/000.
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  - Fries, R. J., S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Correlated emission of hadrons from recombination of correlated partons.” Physical Review Letters 94, no. 12 (April 2005): 122301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.94.122301.
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  - Nonaka, C., R. J. Fries, B. Müller, S. A. Bass, and M. Asakawa. “Recombination plus fragmentation model at RHIC: Elliptic flow.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/31/4/053.
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  - Nonaka, C., B. Müller, S. A. Bass, and M. Asakawa. “Possible resolutions of the D-puzzle.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 71, no. 5 (January 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.051901.
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  - Nonaka, C., M. uuml, B. ller, S. A. Bass, and M. Asakawa. “Possible resolution of the D-paradox.” Phys. Rev. C 71 (2005).
  - Bass, Steffen A., Berndt Müller, and Dinesh K. Srivastava. “Photon interferometry of Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider.” Physical Review Letters 93, no. 16 (October 13, 2004): 162301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.93.162301.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and D. K. Srivastava. “RHIC physics with the parton cascade model.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 8 (August 1, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/8/109.
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  - Chang, D. Y., S. A. Bass, and D. K. Srivastava. “Strangeness production at RHIC in the perturbative regime.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 7 (July 1, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/7/L02.
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  - Bratkovskaya, E. L., M. Bleicher, M. Reiter, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, M. Van Leeuwen, S. A. Bass, and W. Cassing. “Strangeness dynamics and transverse pressure in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 69, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 054907–054901. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054907.
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  - Nonaka, C., R. J. Fries, and S. A. Bass. “Elliptic flow of multi-strange particles: Fragmentation, recombination and hydrodynamics.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 583, no. 1–2 (March 11, 2004): 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2003.12.034.
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  - Nonaka, C., B. Mueller, M. Asakawa, S. A. Bass, and R. J. Fries. “Elliptic flow of resonances at RHIC: Probing final state interactions and the structure of resonances.” Phys. Rev. C 69 (March 2004).
  - Nonaka, C., B. Müller, M. Asakawa, S. A. Bass, and R. J. Fries. “Elliptic flow of resonances in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Probing final state interactions and the structure of resonances.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 69, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 031902–031901. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.031902.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Muller, G. S. F. Stephans, and T. Urich. “The 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter.” Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2004).
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, G. S. F. Stephans, and T. Ullrich. “Preface: The 7th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2004).
  - Fries, R. J., B. Müller, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Hadronization in heavy-ion collisions: Recombination or fragmentation?” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/025.
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  - Nonaka, C., M. Asakawa, and S. A. Bass. “Charge fluctuation observables at RHIC.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/1/028.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and D. K. Srivastava. “Transverse momentum distribution of net baryon number at RHIC.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 29, no. 10 (October 1, 2003). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/29/10/101.
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  - Bass, Steffen A., Berndt Müller, and Dinesh K. Srivastava. “Net baryon density in Au+Au collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider.” Physical Review Letters 91, no. 5 (August 2003): 052302. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.91.052302.
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  - Fries, R. J., B. Müller, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Hadronization in heavy-ion collisions: recombination and fragmentation of partons.” Physical Review Letters 90, no. 20 (May 22, 2003): 202303. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.202303.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and D. K. Srivastava. “Parton rescattering and colour screening in Au+Au collisions at RHIC.” Nuclear Physics A 715 (March 10, 2003): 813c-816c. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01501-4.
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  - Soff, S., S. A. Bass, D. H. Hardtke, and S. Y. Panitkin. “Particle correlations at RHIC - Scrutiny of a puzzle.” Nuclear Physics A 715 (March 10, 2003): 801c-804c. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01492-6.
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  - Bass, Steffen A., Berndt Müller, and Dinesh K. Srivastava. “Light from cascading partons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review Letters 90, no. 8 (February 25, 2003): 082301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.082301.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and D. K. Srivastava. “Parton rescattering and screening in Au + Au collisions at RHIC.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 551, no. 3–4 (January 9, 2003): 277–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(02)03068-X.
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  - Bass, S. A. “QGP theory: Status and perspectives.” Pramana Journal of Physics 60, no. 4 (January 1, 2003): 593–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02705161.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and D. K. Srivastava. “Net baryon density in Au + Au collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider.” Physical Review Letters 91, no. 5 (2003): 523021–24.
  - Fries, R. J., B. Müller, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Hadron production in heavy ion collisions: Fragmentation and recombination from a dense parton phase.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 68, no. 4 (January 1, 2003): 23. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.68.044902.
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  - Fries, R. J., B. Müller, C. Nonaka, and S. A. Bass. “Hadron production in heavy ion collisions: Fragmentation and recombination from a dense parton phase.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 68, no. 4 (2003): 449021–223.
  - S A Bass, B. M., B. M. uuml, and DK Srivastava ller. “Semihard scattering of partons at SPS and RHIC: A Study in contrast.” Phys. Rev. C, Rapid Communication 66 (December 2002): 061902(R).
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  - Bass, S. A. “Strangeness production in microscopic transport models.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 28, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1543–51. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/28/7/304.
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  - Soff, S., S. A. Bass, D. H. Hardtke, and S. Y. Panitkin. “(Strange) meson interferometry at RHIC.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 28, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1885–93. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/28/7/343.
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  - “Anti-ω dominance in pp interactions at intermediate energies.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 28, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1965–69. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/28/7/354.
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  - Bleicher, M., F. M. Liu, A. Keränen, J. Aichelin, S. A. Bass, F. Becattini, K. Redlich, and K. Werner. “Overpopulation of Ω̄ in pp collisions: A way to distinguish statistical hadronization from string dynamics.” Physical Review Letters 88, no. 20 (May 20, 2002): 2025011–14.
  - Bleicher, M., F. M. Liu, A. Keränen, J. Aichelin, S. A. Bass, F. Becattini, K. Redlich, and K. Werner. “Overpopulation of Omega; in pp collisions: a way to distinguish statistical hadronization from string dynamics.” Physical Review Letters 88, no. 20 (May 2002): 202501. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.88.202501.
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  - Bass, S. A. “Microscopic reaction dynamic at SPC and RHIC.” Nuclear Physics A 698, no. 1–4 (February 11, 2002): 164–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(01)01360-4.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, S. A. Bass, A. Faessler, C. Fuchs, M. I. Gorenstein, W. Greiner, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, and H. Weber. “Chemical freeze-out parameters at RHIC from microscopic model calculations.” Nuclear Physics A 698, no. 1–4 (February 11, 2002): 383–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01385-9.
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  - Soff, Sven, Steffen A. Bass, David H. Hardtke, and Sergey Y. Panitkin. “Kaon interferometry: a sensitive probe of the QCD equation of state?” Physical Review Letters 88, no. 7 (February 4, 2002): 072301. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.88.072301.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and D. K. Srivastava. “Semihard scattering of partons at [Formula Presented] vs 200 GeV: A study in contrast.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 66, no. 6 (January 1, 2002): 4. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.66.061902.
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  - Zschiesche, D., S. Bass, M. Bleicher, J. Brachmann, L. Gerland, K. Paech, S. Scherer, et al. “Current Status of Quark-Gluon Plasma Signals.” Acta Physica Hungarica New Series Heavy Ion Physics 14, no. 1–4 (December 1, 2001): 425–38. https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.40.
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  - Soff, S., S. A. Bass, and A. Dumitru. “Pion interferometry at RHIC: porobing a thermalized quark-gluon plasma?” Physical Review Letters 86, no. 18 (April 2001): 3981–84. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.3981.
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  - Bass, S. A., P. Danielewicz, A. Dumitru, and S. Pratt. “Probing hadronization with strangeness.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 27, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 635–44. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/27/3/348.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, M. Bleicher, S. A. Bass, M. Brandstetter, A. Faessler, C. Fuchs, et al. “Transition to resonance-rich matter in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energies.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 27, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 421–26. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/27/3/321.
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  - Soff, S., D. Zschiesche, M. Bleicher, C. Hartnack, M. Belkacem, L. Bravina, E. Zabrodin, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Enhanced strange particle yields - Signal of a phase of massless particles?” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 27, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 449–57. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/27/3/324.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, A. Faessler, C. Fuchs, W. Greiner, S. Soff, and H. Stöcker. “Equation of state of resonance-rich matter in the central cell in heavy-ion collisions at [Formula Presented].” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 63, no. 6 (January 1, 2001): 8. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.63.064902.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, A. Faessler, C. Fuchs, W. Greiner, S. Soff, and H. Stöcker. “Equation of state of resonance-rich matter in the central cell in heavy-ion collisions at √s = 200A GeV.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 63, no. 6 (January 1, 2001): 649021–28.
  - Wong, S. M. H., M. Belkacem, J. I. Kapusta, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, and H. Stöcker. “Bremsstrahlung from a microscopic model of relativistic heavy ion collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 149031–39. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.63.014903.
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  - Bleicher, M., M. Belkacem, S. A. Bass, S. Soff, and H. Stöcker. “Enhanced antiproton production in Pb(160 A GeV) + Pb reactions: Evidence for quark gluon matter?” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 485, no. 1–3 (July 13, 2000): 133–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00643-2.
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  - Bass, S. A., P. Danielewicz, and S. Pratt. “Clocking hadronization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions with balance functions.” Physical Review Letters 85, no. 13 (January 1, 2000): 2689–92. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2689.
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  - Bass, S. A., and A. Dumitru. “Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 61, no. 6 (January 1, 2000): 24. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.61.064909.
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  - Bass, S. A., and A. Dumitru. “Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 61, no. 6 (2000): 649091–924.
  - Bleicher, M. J., S. A. Bass, L. V. Bravina, W. Greiner, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, N. Xu, and E. E. Zabrodin. “Global observables and secondary interactions in central Au+Au reactions at [Formula Presented] GeV.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 62, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 7. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.62.024904.
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  - Bleicher, M. J., S. A. Bass, L. V. Bravina, W. Greiner, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, N. Xu, and E. E. Zabrodin. “Global observables and secondary interactions in central Au+Au reactions at √s = 200A GeV.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 62, no. 2 (2000): 249041–47.
  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Local equilibrium in heavy-ion collisions: Microscopic analysis of a central cell versus infinite matter.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 62, no. 6 (January 1, 2000): 10. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.62.064906.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Local equilibrium in heavy-ion collisions: Microscopic analysis of a central cell versus infinite matter.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 62, no. 6 (January 1, 2000): 649061–610.
  - Bass, S. A., and B. Müller. “K-factors in parton cascades at RHIC and SPS.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 471, no. 2–3 (December 30, 1999): 108–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01364-7.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Bleicher, W. Cassing, A. Dumitru, H. J. Drescher, K. J. Eskola, M. Gyulassy, et al. “Last call for RHIC predictions.” Nuclear Physics A 661, no. 1–4 (December 27, 1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(99)85024-6.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, M. I. Gorenstein, S. A. Bass, M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, et al. “Equilibrium and non-equilibrium effects in relativistic heavy ion collisions.” Nuclear Physics A 661, no. 1–4 (December 27, 1999): 600–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(99)85097-0.
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  - Soff, S., S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, L. Bravina, M. Gorenstein, E. Zabrodin, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Strangeness enhancement in heavy ion collisions - Evidence for quark-gluon matter?” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 471, no. 1 (December 23, 1999): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01318-0.
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  - Bass, S. A., H. Weber, C. Ernst, M. Bleicher, M. Belkacem, L. Bravina, S. Soff, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, and C. Spieles. “Reaction dynamics in Pb + Pb at the CERN/SPS: From partonic degrees of freedom to freeze-out.” Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 42 (December 1, 1999): 313–22.
  - Spieles, C., R. Vogt, L. Gerland, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Dissociation of J/ψ by mesons: Thermal versus nonequilibrium scenario.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 25, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2351–59. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/25/12/305.
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  - Bass, S. A., B. Müller, and W. Pöschl. “Lattice gauge description of colliding nuclei.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 25, no. 11 (November 1, 1999). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/25/11/101.
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  - Bleicher, M., E. Zabrodin, C. Spieles, S. A. Bass, C. Ernst, S. Soff, L. Bravina, et al. “Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 25, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1859–96. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/25/9/308.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Gyulassy, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Signatures of quark-gluon plasma formation in high energy heavy-ion collisions: A critical review.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 25, no. 3 (March 1, 1999). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/25/3/013.
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  - Bravina, L. V., M. Brandstetter, M. I. Gorenstein, E. E. Zabrodin, M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, S. A. Bass, et al. “Local thermal and chemical equilibration and the equation of state in relativistic heavy ion collisions.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 25, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 351–61. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/25/2/024.
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  - Ardouin, D., S. Soff, C. Spieles, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, D. Gourio, S. Schramm, et al. “Unlike particle correlations and the strange quark matter distillation process.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 446, no. 3–4 (January 1, 1999): 191–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01566-4.
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  - Bass, S. A., A. Dumitru, M. Bleicher, L. Bravina, E. Zabrodin, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Hadronic freeze-out following a first order hadronization phase transition in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 5. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.021902.
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  - Bass, S. A., A. Dumitru, M. Bleicher, L. Bravina, E. Zabrodin, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Hadronic freeze-out following a first order hadronization phase transition in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 2 (1999): 219021–25.
  - Bass, S. A., M. Hofmann, M. Bleicher, L. Bravina, E. Zabrodin, H. Stoecker, and W. Greiner. “Analysis of reaction dynamics at RHIC in a combined parton/hadron transport approach.” Phys. Rev. C 60 (1999): 021901.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Hofmann, M. Bleicher, L. Bravina, E. Zabrodin, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Analysis of reaction dynamics at ultrarelativistic energies in a combined parton-hadron transport approach.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 219011–15.
  - Bleicher, M., C. Spieles, C. Ernst, L. Gerland, S. Soff, L. Neise, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, and S. A. Bass. “The origin of transverse flow at the SPS.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 447, no. 3–4 (January 1, 1999): 227–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01599-8.
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  - Bleicher, M., M. Reiter, A. Dumitru, J. Brachmann, C. Spieles, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Distinguishing hadronic cascades from hydrodynamic models in [Formula Presented] reactions by impact parameter variation.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 59, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): R1844–45. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.59.R1844.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, M. I. Gorenstein, S. A. Bass, M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, et al. “Local equilibrium in heavy ion collisions: Microscopic model versus statistical model analysis.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 14. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.024904.
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  - Bravina, L. V., E. E. Zabrodin, M. I. Gorenstein, S. A. Bass, M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, et al. “Local equilibrium in heavy ion collisions: Microscopic model versus statistical model analysis.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 2 (1999): 249041–414.
  - Bravina, L. V., M. I. Gorenstein, E. E. Zabrodin, S. A. Bass, M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, et al. “Equilibrium and non-equilibrium effects in nucleus - Nucleus collisions.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 459, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 660–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00692-9.
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  - Dumitru, A., S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Direct emission of multiple strange baryons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions from the phase boundary.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 460, no. 3–4 (January 1, 1999): 411–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00805-9.
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  - Monreal, B., S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, S. Esumi, W. Greiner, Q. Li, H. Liu, et al. “Deuterons and space-momentum correlations in high energy nuclear collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 4. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.031901.
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  - Monreal, B., S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, S. Esumi, W. Greiner, Q. Li, H. Liu, et al. “Deuterons and space-momentum correlations in high energy nuclear collisions.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 3 (1999): 319011–14.
  - Scherer, S., S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, J. Brachmann, A. Dumitru, C. Ernst, L. Gerland, et al. “Physics opportunities at RHIC and LHC,” 1999. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.59576.
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  - Scherer, S., S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, M. Belkacem, L. Bravina, J. Brachmann, A. Dumitru, et al. “Critical review of quark gluon plasma signatures.” Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 42 (January 1, 1999): 279–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6410(99)00083-6.
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  - Spieles, C., R. Vogt, L. Gerland, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, H. Stoecker, and W. Greiner. “Dissociation rates of J/psi's with comoving mesons - thermal vs. nonequilibrium scenario.” J. Phys. G 25 (1999): 2351–59.
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  - Spieles, C., R. Vogt, L. Gerland, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Modeling [Formula Presented] production and absorption in a microscopic nonequilibrium approach.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 5 (January 1, 1999): 15. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054901.
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  - Spieles, C., R. Vogt, L. Gerland, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Modeling J/ψ production and absorption in a microscopic nonequilibrium approach.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 60, no. 5 (1999): 549011–115.
  - Spieles, C., R. Vogt, L. Gerland, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, L. Frankfurt, M. Strikman, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Dissociation of expanding cc̄ states in heavy ion collisions.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 458, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 137–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00579-1.
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  - Weber, H., C. Ernst, M. Bleicher, L. Bravina, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, C. Spieles, and S. A. Bass. “Excitation function of energy density and partonic degrees of freedom in relativistic heavy ion collisions.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 442, no. 1–4 (December 3, 1998): 443–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01252-0.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, L. Bravina, C. Ernst, L. Gerland, et al. “Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions.” Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 41 (December 1, 1998): 255–369.
  - Spieles, C., L. Gerland, N. Hammon, M. Bleicher, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, C. Lourenço, and R. Vogt. “A microscopic calculation of secondary Drell-Yan production in heavy ion collisions.” European Physical Journal C 5, no. 2 (December 1, 1998): 349–55.
  - Weber, H., C. Ernst, S. A. Bass, C. Spieles, M. Bleicher, M. Belkacem, L. Bravina, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Excitation function of energy density and partonic degrees of freedom in relativistic heavy ion collisions.” Nuclear Physics A 642, no. 1–2 (November 2, 1998): c121–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00507-7.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Belkacem, M. Brandstetter, M. Bleicher, L. Gerland, J. Konopka, L. Neise, et al. “Are we close to an equilibrated quark-gluon plasma? Nonequilibrium analysis of particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.” Physical Review Letters 81, no. 19 (September 7, 1998): 4092–95. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4092.
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  - Bleicher, M., M. Belkacem, C. Ernst, H. Weber, L. Gerland, C. Spieles, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Can momentum correlations prove kinetic equilibration in heavy ion collisions at 160 AGeV?” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 435, no. 1–2 (September 3, 1998): 9–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00831-4.
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  - Bravina, L. V., M. I. Gorenstein, M. Belkacem, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, M. Hofmann, et al. “Local thermodynamical equilibrium and the equation of state of hot, dense matter created in Au + Au collisions at AGS.” Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 434, no. 3–4 (August 27, 1998): 379–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00624-8.
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  - Bleicher, M., L. Gerland, C. Spieles, A. Dumitru, S. Bass, M. Belkacem, M. Brandstetter, et al. “Fluctuations and inhomogenities of energy density and isospin in Pb+Pb at the SPS.” Nuclear Physics A 638, no. 1–2 (August 10, 1998): 391c-394c. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00392-3.
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  - Spieles, C., L. Gerland, N. Hammon, M. Bleicher, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, C. Lourenço, and R. Vogt. “Intermediate mass dileptons from secondary Drell-Yan processes.” Nuclear Physics A 638, no. 1–2 (August 10, 1998): 507c-510c. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00345-5.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, L. Bravina, C. Ernst, L. Gerland, et al. “Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions.” Prog. Part. & Nucl. Phys. 41 (1998): 225–370.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Belkacem, M. Brandstetter, M. Bleicher, L. Gerland, J. Konopka, L. Neise, et al. “Are we close to the QGP? - Hadrochemical vs. microscopic analysis of particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998): 4092–95.
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  - Belkacem, M., M. Brandstetter, S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, L. Bravina, M. I. Gorenstein, J. Konopka, et al. “Equation of state, spectra, and composition of hot and dense infinite hadronic matter in a microscopic transport model.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 58, no. 3 (January 1, 1998): 1727–33. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1727.
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  - Dumitru, A., M. Bleicher, S. A. Bass, C. Spieles, L. Neise, H. Stocker, and W. Greiner. “Direct photons in Pb+Pb at CERN-SPS from microscopic transport theory.” Phys. Rev. C 57 (1998): 3271–75.
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  - Dumitru, A., M. Bleicher, S. A. Bass, C. Spieles, L. Neise, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Nonthermal direct photons in Pb+Pb at [Formula Presented] GeV from microscopic transport theory.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 57, no. 6 (January 1, 1998): 3271–75. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.57.3271.
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  - Ernst, C., S. A. Bass, M. Belkacem, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Intermediate mass excess of dilepton production in heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies.” Physical Review C Nuclear Physics 58, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 447–56. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.58.447.
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  - Hartnack, C., R. K. Puri, J. Aichelin, J. Konopka, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Modelling the many-body dynamics of heavy ion collisions: Present status and future perspective.” European Physical Journal A 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 151–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100500050045.
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  - Soff, S., D. Ardouin, C. Spieles, S. A. Bass, H. Stöcker, D. Gourio, S. Schramm, et al. “Search for the production of strangelets in quark matter using particle correlations.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 23, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2095–2105. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/23/12/035.
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  - Soff, S., S. A. Bass, M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, C. Ernst, L. Gerland, et al. “Thermodynamic properties of heavy ion collisions.” Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 214 (September 1997): 81-NUCL.
  - Stoecker, H., S. A. Bass, and W. Greiner. “Critical review on Quark Gluon Plasma signals.” Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 214 (September 1997): 96-NUCL.
  - Winckelmann, L. A., S. A. Bass, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, A. Dumitru, C. Ernst, L. Gerland, et al. “Microscopic calculations of stopping, flow and electromagnetic radiation from 160AMeV to 160AGeV.” Nuclear Physics A 610 (December 9, 1996): 116–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00347-8.
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  - Bass, S. A., A. Bischoff, J. A. Maruhn, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Neural networks for impact parameter determination.” Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics 53, no. 5 (May 1996): 2358–63. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.53.2358.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Nucleon and baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at 1 GeV/nucl.” Zeitschrift Für Physik a Hadrons and Nuclei 351, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 359–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01291138.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Transverse energy dependence of neutron squeeze-out in relativistic heavy ion collisions.” Zeitschrift Für Physik a Hadrons and Nuclei 352, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 171–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01298904.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Azimuthal correlations of pions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at 1 GeV/nucleon.” Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics 51, no. 6 (June 1995): 3343–56. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.51.3343.
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  - Soff, S., S. A. Bass, C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Disappearance of flow.” Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics 51, no. 6 (June 1995): 3320–25. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.51.3320.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “pi -N correlations probe the nuclear equation of state in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics 51, no. 1 (January 1995): R12–16. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.51.r12.
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  - Bass, S. A., A. Bischoff, C. Hartnack, J. A. Maruhn, J. Reinhardt, H. Stocker, and W. Greiner. “Neural networks for impact parameter determination.” Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 20, no. 1 (December 1, 1994). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/20/1/004.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “High pt pions as probes of the dense phase of relativistic heavy ion collisions.” Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics 50, no. 4 (October 1994): 2167–72. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.50.2167.
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  - Bass, S. A., M. Hofmann, C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Probing Δ resonance production in Au+Au collisions at 1 GeV/nucleon.” Physics Letters B 335, no. 3–4 (September 8, 1994): 289–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)90352-2.
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  - Bass, S. A., C. Hartnack, H. Stöcker, and W. Greiner. “Out-of-plane pion emission in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Spectroscopy of Delta resonance matter.” Physical Review Letters 71, no. 8 (August 1993): 1144–47. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.1144.
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  - Bass, S. A., R. Mattiello, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, and C. Hartnack. “Is collective pion flow anticorrelated to nucleon flow?” Physics Letters B 302, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 381–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90413-C.
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  - Soff, Sven, Steffen A. Bass, Marcus Bleicher, Horst Stoecker, and Walter Greiner. “Directed and Elliptic Flow,” n.d.
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  - Yao, Xiaojun, Weiyao Ke, Yingru Xu, Steffen Bass, Thomas Mehen, and Berndt Müller. “Fate of Heavy Quark Bound States inside Quark-Gluon Plasma,” n.d.
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- Conference Papers
  - Dai, T., S. A. Bass, J. F. Paquet, and D. Teaney. “Hard scattering and stochastic reformulation of parton energy loss.” In Proceedings of Science, Vol. 355, 2019.
  - Fan, W., W. Ke, and S. A. Bass. “Heavy jet analysis within the JETSCAPE framework.” In Proceedings of Science, Vol. 355, 2019.
  - Ke, W., Y. Xu, and S. A. Bass. “Modeling coherence effects of gluon emission for heavy flavor studies.” In Proceedings of Science, Vol. 355, 2019.
  - Bluhm, M., M. Nahrgang, T. Schäfer, and S. A. Bass. “Fluctuating fluid dynamics for the QGP in the LHC and BES era.” In Epj Web of Conferences, Vol. 171, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817116004.
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  - Xu, Y., M. Nahrgang, S. Cao, J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “A data-drive analysis for heavy quark diffusion coefficient.” In Epj Web of Conferences, Vol. 171, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817118001.
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  - Dai, T., S. A. Bass, J. F. Paquet, and D. Teaney. “Parton energy loss in the reformulated weakly-coupled kinetic approach.” In Proceedings of Science, Vol. 345, 2018.
  - Ke, W., Y. Xu, and S. A. Bass. “Towards an extraction of q with an uncertainty controlled energy loss Monte-Carlo.” In Proceedings of Science, Vol. 345, 2018.
  - Ke, W., J. Scott Moreland, J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Constraints on rapidity-dependent initial conditions from charged particle pseudorapidity densities and correlations at the LHC.” In Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings, 289–290:483–86, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2017.05.113.
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  - Xu, Y., S. Cao, M. Nahrgang, J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Data-driven analysis of the temperature dependence of the heavy-quark transport coefficient,” 289–290:257–60, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2017.05.058.
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  - Auvinen, J., K. Redlich, and S. A. Bass. “Multi-strange hadrons and the precision extraction of QGP properties in the RHIC-BES domain.” In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 779, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/779/1/012045.
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  - Bluhm, M., M. Nahrgang, S. A. Bass, and T. Schäfer. “Behavior of universal critical parameters in the QCD phase diagram.” In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 779, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/779/1/012074.
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  - Auvinen, J., I. Karpenko, J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Parameter extractions for RHIC BES using Bayesian statistics.” In Proceedings of Science, Vol. 2017-August, 2017.
  - Auvinen, J., J. E. Bernhard, and S. A. Bass. “Systematic extraction of QGP properties.” In Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement, 10:455–59, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.10.455.
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  - Moreau, P., Y. Xu, T. Song, M. Nahrgang, S. Bass, and E. Bratkovskaya. “Traces of non-equilibrium dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.” In Proceedings of Science, Vol. 2017-August, 2017.
  - Nahrgang, M., M. Bluhm, T. Schäfer, and S. Bass. “Toward the description of fluid dynamical fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions.” In Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement, 10:687–92, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.10.687.
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  - Hao, L., C. G. Healey, S. A. Bass, and H. Y. Yu. “Visualizing static ensembles for effective shape and data comparison.” In Is and T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology, 2016.
  - Cao, S., G. Y. Qin, S. A. Bass, and B. Müller. “Heavy quark energy loss and angular de-correlation in a quark-gluon plasma matter.” In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 446, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/446/1/012035.
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  - Bass, S. A., R. J. Fries, C. Nonaka, and B. Muller. “Hadronization at RHIC: Interplay of recombination and fragmentation.” In Ichep 2005: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference High Energy Physics Vols 1 and 2, edited by H. Chen, D. Du, W. Li, and C. Lu, 347–51. WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2005.
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  - Bass, S. A., R. J. Fries, and C. Nonaka. “Hadronization at RHIC: Interplay of recombination and fragmentation.” In Structure and Dynamics of Elementary Matter, edited by W. Greiner, M. G. Itkis, J. Reinhardt, and M. C. Guclu, 166:225–37. SPRINGER, 2004.
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  - Bass, S. A., A. Dumitru, P. Danielewicz, and S. Pratt. “Probing hadronization with strangeness.” In Nonequilibrium and Nonlinear Dynamics in Nuclear and Other Finite Systems, edited by Z. X. Li, K. Wu, X. Wu, E. Zhao, and F. Sakata, 597:54–63. AMER INST PHYSICS, 2001.
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  - Dumitru, A., and S. A. Bass. “Collective evolution of hot QCD matter from the QGP to freeze-out.” In Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics, edited by Z. Parsa and W. J. Marciano, 549:359–62. AMER INST PHYSICS, 2000.
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  - Bass, S. A., S. Soff, M. Belkacem, M. Brandstetter, M. Bleicher, L. Gerland, J. Konopka, et al. “Hadrochemical vs. microscopic analysis of particle production and freeze-out in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.” In Advances in Nuclear Dynamics 4, edited by W. Bauer and H. G. Ritter, 13–24. PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, 1998.
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  - BASS, S. A., C. HARTNACK, H. STOCKER, and W. GREINER. “AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPIES OF PIONS IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS - A NEW CHANCE OF PROBING THE HOT AND DENSE REACTION PHASE.” In Frontier Topics in Nuclear Physics, edited by W. Scheid and A. Sandulescu, 334:439–40. PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, 1994.
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  - BASS, S. A., C. HARTNACK, R. MATTIELLO, H. STOCKER, and W. GREINER. “COLLECTIVE EFFECTS OF MESONS AT SIS ENERGIES.” In Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter, edited by W. Greiner, H. Stocker, and A. Gallmann, 335:463–74. PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, 1994.
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Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
Advising & Mentoring
- Current research associates and research scientists:
  - Jean-Francois Paquet
  - Pierre Moreau
  Current graduate students:
  - Tianyu Dai
  - Wenkai Fan
  - Derek Soeder
Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
Presentations & Appearances
Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
- Chair. Hot and Dense QCD Matter White Paper Committee. July 1, 2012 - October 31, 2012 2012
- member. Program Committee of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics. 2010 - 2011 2010 - 2011
Service to the Profession
Service to Duke
- University Priorities Committee. 2017 - 2018 2017 - 2018
- Academic Programs Committee. August 2015 - July 2018 2015 - 2018
- Information Technology Advisory Council (ITAC). 2013 - 2021 2013 - 2021
- Executive Committee of Arts & Sciences Council. 2012 - 2015 2012 - 2015
- University Priorities Committee. 2011 - 2013 2011 - 2013
- Executive Committee of Academic Council. 2010 - 2011 2010 - 2011
- Faculty Hearing Committee. 2010 - 2015 2010 - 2015

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Recent Courses

Advising & Mentoring

Presentations & Appearances

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