Elizabeth Joanne Gifford
Associate Research Professor in the Sanford School of Public Policy
Beth Gifford is an associate research professor in the Sanford School of Public Policy. Gifford is leading the Social and Economic Component of the Children’s Health and Discovery Institute housed within the Duke School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics. She uses large administrative and population-level datasets to study individual’s health and well-being, and strives to employ the best empirical methods to inform decision makers in their policies and services. An overarching theme in her research is understanding how social policies and practices affect social inequities observed in the way our public institutions treat those they are designed to serve. These institutions include education, social services, criminal justice, and health care systems.
Current Research Interests
- Child maltreatment
- Children and the law
- Education
- Intergenerational effects of criminal justice policies
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Research Professor in the Sanford School of Public Policy, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University 2020
- Associate Professor in Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Children's Health Discovery Institute, Pediatrics 2021
- Core Faculty Member, Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke - Margolis Center For Health Policy, Initiatives 2019
Contact Information
- 214 Rubenstein Hall, 302 Towerview Rd., Durham, NC 27708
- Duke University, Box 90545, Durham, NC 27708-0264
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beth.gifford@duke.edu
(919) 613-9294
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CV
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University 2005
- M.S., Pennsylvania State University 2000
- B.S., Cornell University 1997
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Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Assistant Professor in Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Children's Health Discovery Institute, Pediatrics 2020 - 2021
- Assistant Research Professor in the Sanford School of Public Policy, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University 2017 - 2020
- Director of Data Initiatives in the Center for Child and Family Policy, Center for Child and Family Policy, Sanford School of Public Policy 2017 - 2020
- Assistant Professor in Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Children's Health Discovery Institute, Pediatrics 2018 - 2020
- Recognition
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In the News
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APR 27, 2018 Duke Today -
NOV 6, 2017 Sanford School of Public Policy -
OCT 17, 2017 ScienceDaily -
APR 21, 2017 CBS17.com -
APR 21, 2017 Herald Sun -
NOV 13, 2013 The Network for Public Health Law -
MAY 2, 2008 The Herald-Sun, (DURHAM)
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Awards & Honors
- Expertise
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Subject Headings
- Research
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Selected Grants
- Local criminal justice reform efforts: Effects on employment, self-sufficiency, and family well-being awarded by Administration for Children and Families 2019 - 2024
- Avenues for Prevention and Early Intervention to Address Child Maltreatment awarded by Duke Endowment 2022 - 2024
- Evaluating and Developing Progressive Prosecution in Durham, North Carolina awarded by Silicon Valley Community Foundation 2021 - 2024
- Evaluating and Developing Progressive Prosecution in Durham, North Carolina awarded by Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Philanthropies 2021 - 2024
- Evaluating and Developing Progressive Prosecution in Durham, North Carolina awarded by Arnold Ventures 2021 - 2024
- IPA - Elizabeth Gifford awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2019 - 2023
- Reducing the Need for Out-of-home Placements: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Effects of Family Centered Treatment on Well-Being Outcomes and Public Dollar Costs awarded by Family Centered Treatment Foundation 2018 - 2023
- Juvenile Delinquency and Adult Gun Sales: Comparative effectiveness of different minimum age standards for firearm purchase by adults with youthful crime records in North Carolina, Florida, and Virginia awarded by Joyce Foundation 2018 - 2022
- Early Identification and Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Cross-Agency Processes and Outcomes awarded by Duke Endowment 2019 - 2022
- Juvenile Delinquency and Adult Gun Sales: Comparative effectiveness of different minimum age standards for firearm purchase by adults with youthful crime records in North Carolina, Florida, and Virgin awarded by New Venture Fund 2018 - 2021
- The Intergeneration Effects of Criminal Justice Policies on Substance Use Crimes awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2020
- The Intergenerational Effects of the Criminal Justice System on Children's Health awarded by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2016 - 2019
- Design a Randomized-Control Trial (RCT) of the Family Centered Treatment Intervention awarded by Family Centered Treatment Foundation 2016 - 2017
- Truancy Prevention Project awarded by Department of Education 2012 - 2016
- Effects of drug treatment courts on outcomes of adults and their children awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2016
- Durham Substance Use Report awarded by Durham Together for Resilient Youth 2015
- Reducing Child Maltreatment Using Legal Interventions awarded by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2013 - 2015
- Public Health Law and Child Abuse Prevention awarded by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2013
- Multilevel Modeling of Inpatient Care: Comorbid Youth awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2009
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External Relationships
- Cornell University
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Gifford, E. J., Boyle, S. H., Vahey, J., Sims, K. J., Efird, J. T., Chesnut, B., … Hauser, E. R. (2022). Health-Related Quality of Life by Gulf War Illness Case Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084425Full Text Link to Item
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Copeland, W. E., Tong, G., Gifford, E. J., Easter, M. M., Shanahan, L., Swartz, M. S., & Swanson, J. W. (2022). Adult criminal outcomes of juvenile justice involvement. Psychol Med, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291722000393Full Text Link to Item
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Ahmed, S. T., Steele, L., Richardson, P., Nadkarni, S., Bandi, S., Rowneki, M., … Helmer, D. A. (2022). Association of Gulf War Illness-Related Symptoms with Military Exposures among 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans Evaluated at the War-Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC). Brain Sci, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030321Full Text Link to Item
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Stilwell, L., Golonka, M., Ankoma-Sey, K., Yancy, M., Kaplan, S., Terrell, L., & Gifford, E. J. (2022). Electronic Health Record Tools to Identify Child Maltreatment: Scoping Literature Review and Key Informant Interviews. Academic Pediatrics, S1876-2859(22)00059-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2022.01.017Full Text
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Vahey, J., Gifford, E. J., Sims, K. J., Chesnut, B., Boyle, S. H., Stafford, C., … Hauser, E. R. (2021). Gene-Toxicant Interactions in Gulf War Illness: Differential Effects of the PON1 Genotype. Brain Sci, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121558Full Text Link to Item
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Vahey, J., Hauser, E. R., Sims, K. J., Helmer, D. A., Provenzale, D., & Gifford, E. J. (2021). Research tool for classifying Gulf War illness using survey responses: Lessons for writing replicable algorithms for symptom-based conditions. Life Sci, 282, 119808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119808Full Text Link to Item
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Copeland, W. E., Tong, G., Gifford, E. J., Easter, M. M., Shanahan, L., Swartz, M. S., & Swanson, J. W. (2021). Childhood Gun Access, Adult Suicidality, and Crime. Pediatrics, 148(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-042291Full Text Link to Item
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Gifford, E. J., Vahey, J., Hauser, E. R., Sims, K. J., Efird, J. T., Dursa, E. K., … Provenzale, D. (2021). Gulf War illness in the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository: The Kansas and Centers for Disease Control definitions. Life Sci, 278, 119454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119454Full Text Link to Item
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Howard, J., Copeland, J. N., Gifford, E. J., Lawson, J., Bai, Y., Heilbron, N., & Maslow, G. (2021). Brief Report: Classifying Rates of Students with Autism and Intellectual Disability in North Carolina: Roles of Race and Economic Disadvantage. J Autism Dev Disord, 51(1), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04527-yFull Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Sorensen, L. C., Bushway, S. D., & Gifford, E. J. (2021). Getting Tough? The Effects of Discretionary Principal Discipline on Student Outcomes. Education Finance and Policy, 1–74. https://doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00341Full Text Link to Item
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Wong, C. A., Ming, D., Maslow, G., & Gifford, E. J. (2020). Mitigating the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Response on At-Risk Children. Pediatrics, 146(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0973Full Text Link to Item
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Gifford, E. J., Evans, K. E., Eldred Kozecke, L., & Sloan, F. A. (2020). Mothers and fathers in the criminal justice system and children's child protective services involvement. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101, 104306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104306Full Text
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Gifford, E. J. (2019). How Incarceration Affects the Health of Communities and Families. North Carolina Medical Journal, 80(6), 372–375. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.80.6.372Full Text Open Access Copy
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Rosen, D. L., Gifford, E. J., & Ashkin, E. A. (2019). Overwhelming Need, Insufficient Health Care for Justice-involved North Carolinians. North Carolina Medical Journal, 80(6), 339–343. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.80.6.339Full Text Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred Kozecke, L., Golonka, M., Hill, S. N., Costello, E. J., Shanahan, L., & Copeland, W. E. (2019). Association of Parental Incarceration With Psychiatric and Functional Outcomes of Young Adults. Jama Netw Open, 2(8), e1910005. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10005Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Brown, M. C., Sims, K. J., Gifford, E. J., Goldstein, K. M., Johnson, M. R., Williams, C. D., & Provenzale, D. (2019). Gender-based Differences among 1990-1991 Gulf War Era Veterans: Demographics, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Health Conditions. Womens Health Issues, 29 Suppl 1, S47–S55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.004Full Text Link to Item
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Hunt, C. M., Turner, M. J., Gifford, E. J., Britt, R. B., & Su, G. L. (2019). Identifying and Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Fed Pract, 36(1), 20–29.Link to Item
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Sloan, F. A., Gifford, E. J., Evans, K. E., & Kozecke, L. E. (2019). Does Having a Minor Child Affect Criminal Charges and Sanctions Imposed on Female Defendants? Women & Criminal Justice, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2019.1688222Full Text
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Patel, Y. A., Gifford, E. J., Glass, L. M., Turner, M. J., Han, B., Moylan, C. A., … Hunt, C. M. (2018). Correction to: Identifying Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Advanced Fibrosis in the Veterans Health Administration. Dig Dis Sci, 63(10), 2813–2814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-018-5213-2Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Eldred, L., & Gifford, E. J. (2018). Downstream effects of criminal justice involvement. Corrdocs, 21(2), 1–1.Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L., & Sloan, F. (2018). Expanding the Role of Drug Treatment Courts to Prevent Child Maltreatment. Cw360, Criminal Justice Involvement of Families in Child Welfare(Spring).Link to Item
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Patel, Y. A., Gifford, E. J., Glass, L. M., McNeil, R., Turner, M. J., Han, B., … Hunt, C. M. (2018). Risk factors for biopsy-proven advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Veterans Health Administration. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 47(2), 268–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14411Full Text Link to Item
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Cook, P. J., Dodge, K. A., Gifford, E. J., & Schulting, A. B. (2017). A new program to prevent primary school absenteeism: Results of a pilot study in five schools. Children and Youth Services Review, 82, 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.017Full Text
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L. M., Mccutchan, S. A., & Sloan, F. A. (2017). Prosecution, Conviction, and Deterrence in Child Maltreatment Cases. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44(10), 1262–1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854817727795Full Text
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Sloan, F. A., Gifford, E., Kozecke, L. M., & McCutchan, S. A. (2016). Does the probability of DWI arrest fall following participation in DWI and hybrid drug treatment court programs? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 97, 197–205.
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Babinski, L. M., Corra, A. J., & Gifford, E. J. (2016). Evaluation of a Public Awareness Campaign to Prevent High School Dropout. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 37(4), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-016-0438-3Full Text Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L. M., Evans, K. E., & Sloan, F. A. (2016). Criminally Involved Parents Who Misuse Substances and Children's Odds of Being Arrested as a Young Adult: Do Drug Treatment Courts Mitigate the Risk? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(8), 2447–2457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0406-9Full Text
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L. M., Sloan, F. A., & Evans, K. E. (2016). Parental Criminal Justice Involvement and Children's Involvement With Child Protective Services: Do Adult Drug Treatment Courts Prevent Child Maltreatment? Substance Use & Misuse, 51(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1089906Full Text Open Access Copy
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Eldred, L. M., & Gifford, E. J. (2016). Empirical evidence on legal levers aimed at addressing child maltreatment. Children and Youth Services Review, 60, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.11.014Full Text Open Access Copy
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Eldred, L. M., Gifford, E., McCutchan, S. A., & Sloan, F. A. (2016). Factors predicting prosecution of child maltreatment cases (Accepted). Children and Youth Services Review.Link to Item
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Gifford, E. J., Sloan, F. A., Eldred, L. M., & Evans, K. E. (2015). Intergenerational effects of parental substance-related convictions and adult drug treatment court participation on children's school performance. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(5), 452–468. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000087Full Text Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., Wells, R. S., Bai, Y., & Malone, P. S. (2015). Is implementation fidelity associated with improved access to care in a school-based Child and Family Team model? Evaluation and Program Planning, 49, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.11.005Full Text Open Access Copy
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Wells, R., Gifford, E., Bai, Y., & Corra, A. (2015). A Network Perspective on Dropout Prevention in Two Cities. Educational Administration Quarterly, 51(1), 27–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X13511110Full Text Open Access Copy
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Lynne, E. G., Gifford, E. J., Evans, K. E., & Rosch, J. B. (2015). Barriers to reporting child maltreatment: do emergency medical services professionals fully understand their role as mandatory reporters? North Carolina Medical Journal, 76(1), 13–18.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L. M., Vernerey, A., & Sloan, F. A. (2014). How does family drug treatment court participation affect child welfare outcomes? Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(10), 1659–1670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.03.010Full Text Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L. M., McCutchan, S. A., & Sloan, F. A. (2014). The effects of participation level on recidivism: a study of drug treatment courts using propensity score matching. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 9, 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597x-9-40Full Text Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L. M., McCutchan, S. A., & Sloan, F. A. (2014). The effects of participation level on recidivism: A study of drug treatment courts using propensity score matching. Substance Abuse: Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597x-9-40Full Text
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Skinner, A. T., Babinski, L. M., & Gifford, E. J. (2014). Teachers’ expectations and self-efficacy for working with bullies and victims. Psychology in the Schools, 51(1), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21735Full Text Open Access Copy
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Wells, R., & Gifford, E. J. (2013). Implementing a case management initiative in high-need schools. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(5), 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.01.026Full Text Open Access Copy
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Sloan, F. A., Gifford, E. J., Eldred, L. M., Acquah, K. F., & Blevins, C. E. (2013). Do specialty courts achieve better outcomes for children in foster care than general courts? Evaluation Review, 37(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841x13487536Full Text Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., Wells, R. S., Miller, S., Troop, T. O., Bai, Y., & Babinski, L. (2010). Pairing nurses and social workers in schools: North Carolina’s school-based child and family support teams. Journal of School Health.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., & Foster, E. M. (2008). Provider-level effects on psychiatric inpatient length of stay for youth with mental health and substance abuse disorders. Medical Care, 46(3), 240–246. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e318158aee7Full Text Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E. J., & Foster, E. M. (2008). Provider-level effects on length of stay for youth with mental health and substance abuse disorders. Medical Care, 46, 240–246.
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Gifford, E., Weech-Maldonado, R., & Short, P. (2005). Low-Income Children's Preventive Services Use: Implications of Parents' Medicaid Status. Health Care Financing Review, 26(4), 81–94.Open Access Copy
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Book Sections
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Gifford, E., Golonka, M., & Evans, K. (2021). Maternal Imprisonment and the Timing of Children’s Foster Care Involvement. In J. Poehlmann-Tynan & D. Dallaire (Eds.), Children with Incarcerated Mothers Separation, Loss, and Reunification (pp. 75–90). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67599-8_5Full Text Link to Item
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Reports
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Gifford, E., & Evans, Kelly, . (2013). Education Outcomes for Economically Disadvantaged Youth: A Look at 9th Graders. Center for Child and Family Policy.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., & Evans, Kelly, . (2012). Gender Disparities in Educational Expectations: A Look at 9th Graders. Center for Child and Family Policy.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., Evans, Kelly, ., Babinski, Leslie, ., & Foster, Audrey, . (2011). Participant Perspectives of the School Readiness Planning Process.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., Evans, Kellu, ., Berlin, Lisa, ., & Bai, Yu, . (2011). America’s Promise Alliance: 10 Indicators of Academic Achievement and Youth Success. America’s Promise Alliance: 10 Indicators of Academic Achievement and Youth Success.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., & Evans, Kelly, . (2011). America's Promise Alliance Dropout Prevention Summits: Mobilizing Action to Address the High School Dropout Crisis across the Nation. America’s Promise Alliance Dropout Prevention Summits: Mobilizing Action to Address the High School Dropout Crisis across the Nation (pp. 1–33).Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., Evans, Kelly, ., Rosch, Joel, ., & Foster, Audrey, . (2010). Substance Use and Abuse in Durham County: The Partnership for a Healthy Durham Substance Abuse and Mental Health Committee.Open Access Copy
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Wasilewski, Yvonne, ., Gifford, E., & Bonneau, Kara, . (2008). Evaluation of the School-wide Positive Behavioral Support Program in Eight North Carolina Elementary Schools. Evaluation of the School-wide Positive Behavioral Support Program in Eight North Carolina Elementary Schools. Center for Child and Family Policy.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., Foster, Audrey, ., & Rosch, Joel, . (2006). Substance Use and Abuse in Durham County: Healthy Durham Substance Abuse Subcommittee. Center for Child and Family Policy.Open Access Copy
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Gifford, E., Evans, Kelly, ., Berlin, L.J., ., & Bai, Yu, . (n.d.). America's Promise Alliance: 10 Indicators of Academic Achievement and Youth Success. America’s Promise Alliance: 10 Indicators of Academic Achievement and Youth Success (pp. 1–10). Center for Child and Family Policy.Open Access Copy
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Preprints
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Golonka, M., Liu, Y., Rohrs, R., Copeland, J., Byrd, J., Stilwell, L., … Gifford, E. (2022). What Do Child Abuse and Neglect Medical Evaluation Consultation Notes Tell Us? Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.22.22276783Full Text
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Liu, Y., Shepherd-Banigan, M., Evans, K., Stilwell, L., Terrell, L., Hurst, J., & Gifford, E. J. (2022). Do children evaluated for maltreatment have higher subsequent emergency department and inpatient care utilization compared to a general pediatric sample? Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.10.22276264Full Text
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Liu, Y., Terrell, L., Joyce, B., Black, J., Kaplan, S. J., & Gifford, E. J. (2022). Defining suspected child maltreatment using International Classification of Diseases codes: A scoping literature review. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.12.22276294Full Text
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Snyder-Fickler, E., Alban, C., Liu, Y., Rohrs, R., Blessing, L., Longenecker, T. C., … Gifford, E. J. (2022). What do child maltreatment reports to Child Protective Services tell us about the needs families and communities are experiencing? Center for Open Science. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/9qb78Full Text
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- Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
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Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
- Bass Connections Team Leader. North Carolina Early Childhood Action Plan: Evidence-based Policy Solutions. 2021 - 2022 2021 - 2022
- Bass Connections Team Leader. North Carolina Early Childhood Action Plan: Evidence-based Policy Solutions. 2020 - 2021 2020 - 2021
- Bass Connections Team Leader. NC Early Childhood Action Plan: Achieving Goals with Innovative, Evidence-based Policy Solutions. 2019 - 2020 2019 - 2020
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