Scholars@Duke
Brian McGlynn

Brian McGlynn

Adjunct Professor
Earth and Climate Sciences
brian.mcglynn@duke.edu
Box 90328, Environment Hall 3115, Durham, NC 27708-0328
3115 Environment Hall, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Breaking the Window of Detection: Using Multi-Scale Solute Tracer Studies to Assess Mass Recovery at the Detection Limit

Journal Article Water Resources Research · March 1, 2023 Stream solute tracers are commonly injected to assess transport and transformation in study reaches, but results are biased toward the shortest and fastest storage locations. While this bias has been understood for decades, the impact of an experimental co ... Full text Cite

Soil Moisture Responses to Rainfall: Implications for Runoff Generation

Journal Article Water Resources Research · September 1, 2021 Soil moisture is a key control on runoff generation and biogeochemical processes on hillslopes. Precipitation events can evoke different soil moisture responses with depth through the soil profile, and responses can differ among landscape positions along a ... Full text Cite

Mountaintop mining legacies constrain ecological, hydrological and biogeochemical recovery trajectories

Journal Article Environmental Research Letters · July 1, 2021 Mountaintop mining, like all forms of surface mining, fundamentally alters the landscape to extract resources that lie 10-100 ms below the land surface. Despite these deep, critical zone alterations, post-mining landscapes are required by United States law ... Full text Cite

Excess Nitrate Export in Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining Watersheds

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · December 1, 2019 Throughout the Central Appalachian ecoregion, mountaintop removal coal mining (MTM) is the predominant form of land use change. The streams draining MTM impacted watersheds have been reported to contain high stream nitrate (NO3−) con ... Full text Cite

From Points to Patterns: Using Groundwater Time Series Clustering to Investigate Subsurface Hydrological Connectivity and Runoff Source Area Dynamics

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2019 Groundwater levels are typically measured at only a limited number of points in a catchment. Thus, upscaling these point measurements to the catchment scale is necessary to determine subsurface flow paths and runoff source areas. Here we present a data-dri ... Full text Cite

The Relative Influence of Storm and Landscape Characteristics on Shallow Groundwater Responses in Forested Headwater Catchments

Journal Article Water Resources Research · December 1, 2018 Shallow groundwater responses to rainfall in forested headwaters can be highly variable, but their relative strengths of influences remain poorly understood. We investigated the roles of storms and landscape characteristics on short-term, shallow groundwat ... Full text Cite

Nested Scales of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Water Content Across a Semiarid Montane Catchment

Journal Article Water Resources Research · October 1, 2018 Topographic redistribution of water has been represented by various terrain metrics (e.g., topographic wetness index, slope, and upslope accumulated area). This type of landscape characterization has promoted the use of terrain metrics to inform how spatia ... Full text Cite

Pyrite Oxidation Drives Exceptionally High Weathering Rates and Geologic CO2 Release in Mountaintop-Mined Landscapes

Journal Article Global Biogeochemical Cycles · August 1, 2018 Weathering is the ultimate source of solutes for ecosystems, controls chemical denudation of landscapes, and drives the geologic carbon cycle. Mining and other land-moving operations enhance physical weathering by bringing large volumes of shattered bedroc ... Full text Cite

Landscape analysis of soil methane flux across complex terrain

Journal Article Biogeosciences · May 25, 2018 Relationships between methane (CH4) fluxes and environmental conditions have been extensively explored in saturated soils, while research has been less prevalent in aerated soils because of the relatively small magnitudes of CH4 fluxe ... Full text Cite

Hydrologic and biogeochemical drivers of dissolved organic carbon and nitrate uptake in a headwater stream network

Journal Article Biogeochemistry · March 1, 2018 Headwater streams are foci for nutrient and energy loading from terrestrial landscapes, in situ nutrient transformations, and downstream transport. Despite the prominent role that headwater streams can have in regulating downstream water quality, the relat ... Full text Cite

Lateral, Vertical, and Longitudinal Source Area Connectivity Drive Runoff and Carbon Export Across Watershed Scales

Journal Article Water Resources Research · March 1, 2018 Watersheds are three-dimensional hydrologic systems where the longitudinal expansion/contraction of stream networks, vertical connection/disconnection between shallow and deep groundwater systems, and lateral connectivity of these water sources to streams ... Full text Cite

Typecasting catchments: Classification, directionality, and the pursuit of universality

Journal Article Advances in Water Resources · February 1, 2018 Catchment classification poses a significant challenge to hydrology and hydrologic modeling, restricting widespread transfer of knowledge from well-studied sites. The identification of important physical, climatological, or hydrologic attributes (to varyin ... Full text Cite

Bidirectional stream–groundwater flow in response to ephemeral and intermittent streamflow and groundwater seasonality

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · October 30, 2017 It is often assumed that the net groundwater flow direction is towards the channel in headwater streams in humid climates, with magnitudes dependent on flow state. However, studies that characterize stream–groundwater interactions in ephemeral and intermit ... Full text Cite

Creating a More Perennial Problem? Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining Enhances and Sustains Saline Baseflows of Appalachian Watersheds.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2017 Mountaintop removal coal mining (MTM) is a form of surface mining where ridges and mountain tops are removed with explosives to access underlying coal seams. The crushed rock material is subsequently deposited in headwater valley fills (VF). We examined ho ... Full text Cite

Complex terrain influences ecosystem carbon responses to temperature and precipitation

Journal Article Global Biogeochemical Cycles · August 1, 2017 Terrestrial ecosystem responses to temperature and precipitation have major implications for the global carbon cycle. Case studies demonstrate that complex terrain, which accounts for more than 50% of Earth's land surface, can affect ecological processes a ... Full text Cite

Ephemeral and intermittent runoff generation processes in a low relief, highly weathered catchment

Journal Article Water Resources Research · August 1, 2017 Most field-based approaches that address runoff generation questions have been conducted in steep landscapes with shallow soils. Runoff generation processes in low relief landscapes with deep soils remain less understood. We addressed this by characterizin ... Full text Cite

Characterizing and reducing equifinality by constraining a distributed catchment model with regional signatures, local observations, and process understanding

Journal Article Hydrology and Earth System Sciences · July 5, 2017 Distributed catchment models are widely used tools for predicting hydrologic behavior. While distributed models require many parameters to describe a system, they are expected to simulate behavior that is more consistent with observed processes. However, o ... Full text Cite

Groundwater similarity across a watershed derived from time-warped and flow-corrected time series

Journal Article Water Resources Research · May 1, 2017 Information about catchment-scale groundwater dynamics is necessary to understand how catchments store and release water and why water quantity and quality varies in streams. However, groundwater level monitoring is often restricted to a limited number of ... Full text Cite

A software tool to assess uncertainty in transient-storage model parameters using Monte Carlo simulations

Journal Article Freshwater Science · March 1, 2017 Researchers and practitioners alike often need to understand and characterize how water and solutes move through a stream in terms of the relative importance of in-stream and near-stream storage and transport processes. In-channel and subsurface storage pr ... Full text Cite

Colimitation and the coupling of N and P uptake kinetics in oligotrophic mountain streams

Journal Article Biogeochemistry · January 1, 2017 Ecosystem element cycles can be tightly linked by both abiotic and biotic processes. Evidence for multi-element limitation (i.e., colimitation) of a variety of ecosystem processes is growing rapidly, yet our ability to quantify patterns of coupled nutrient ... Full text Cite

Diagnostic calibration and cross-catchment transferability of a simple process-consistent hydrologic model

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · December 30, 2016 The transferability of hydrologic models is of ever increasing importance for making improved hydrologic predictions and testing hypothesized hydrologic drivers. Here, we present an investigation into the variability and transferability of the recently int ... Full text Cite

The influence of an in-network lake on the timing, form, and magnitude of downstream dissolved organic carbon and nutrient flux

Journal Article Water Resources Research · November 1, 2016 Within fluvial networks, lakes can be sinks or sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients, yet the controls over sink-source behavior remain unclear. We investigated the influence that an in-network lake exerted on DOC and nutrient export. Our ... Full text Cite

Watershed structural influences on the distributions of stream network water and solute travel times under baseflow conditions

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · July 15, 2016 Watershed structure influences the timing, magnitude, and spatial location of water and solute entry to stream networks. In turn, stream reach transport velocities and stream network geometry (travel distances) further influence the timing of export from w ... Full text Cite

Variability in isotopic composition of base flow in two headwater streams of the southern Appalachians

Journal Article Water Resources Research · June 1, 2016 We investigated the influence of hillslope scale topographic characteristics and the relative position of hillslopes along streams (i.e., internal catchment structure) on the isotopic composition of base flow in first-order, forested headwater streams at C ... Full text Cite

Spatiotemporal processes that contribute to hydrologic exchange between hillslopes, valley bottoms, and streams

Journal Article Water Resources Research · June 1, 2016 Quantifying how watershed structure influences the exchanges of water among component parts of a watershed, particularly the connection between uplands, valley bottoms, and in-stream hydrologic exchange, remains a challenge. However, this understanding is ... Full text Cite

Downstream Dissipation of Storm Flow Heat Pulses: A Case Study and its Landscape-Level Implications

Journal Article Journal of the American Water Resources Association · April 1, 2016 Storms in urban areas route heat and other pollutants from impervious surfaces, via drainage networks, into streams with well-described negative consequences on physical structure and biological integrity. We used heat pulses associated with urban storms a ... Full text Cite

Watershed memory at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory: The effect of past precipitation and storage on hydrologic response

Journal Article Water Resources Research · March 1, 2016 The rainfall-runoff response of watersheds is affected by the legacy of past hydroclimatic conditions. We examined how variability in precipitation affected streamflow using 21 years of daily streamflow and precipitation data from five watersheds at the Co ... Full text Cite

The impacts of mountain pine beetle disturbance on the energy balance of snow during the melt period

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · February 15, 2016 Mountain snowpacks provide most of the annual discharge of western US rivers, but the future of water resources in the western USA is tenuous, as climatic changes have resulted in earlier spring melts that have exacerbated summer droughts. Compounding chan ... Full text Cite

Deep Impact: Effects of Mountaintop Mining on Surface Topography, Bedrock Structure, and Downstream Waters.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · February 2016 Land use impacts are commonly quantified and compared using 2D maps, limiting the scale of their reported impacts to surface area estimates. Yet, nearly all land use involves disturbances below the land surface. Incorporating this third dimension into our ... Full text Cite

A Comparison of Methods Reveals that Enhanced Diffusion Helps Explain Cold-Season Soil CO2 Efflux in a Lodgepole Pine Ecosystem

Journal Article Cold Regions Science and Technology · January 1, 2016 Wintertime respiration contributes significantly to the annual loss of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere, but the magnitude and physical transport mechanisms of this flux through snow remain unclear. Here, we quantify wintertime soil CO< ... Full text Cite

Landscape position influences microbial composition and function via redistribution of soil water across a watershed.

Journal Article Applied and environmental microbiology · December 2015 Subalpine forest ecosystems influence global carbon cycling. However, little is known about the compositions of their soil microbial communities and how these may vary with soil environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to characterize the soil ... Full text Cite

Land–atmosphere carbon and water flux relationships to vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture, and stream flow

Journal Article Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. · August 2015 Climatic change is exerting considerable influence on the hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles of snow- dominated montane forest ecosystems. Growing season drought stress is a common occurrence after snowmelt-derived soil water content (WC) and stream flow ... Full text Cite

Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed - revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · July 30, 2015 The Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Vermont, USA, has been the site of active hydrologic research since 1959 and was the setting where Dunne and Black demonstrated the importance and controls of saturation-excess overland flow (SOF) on streamfl ... Full text Cite

The spatial and temporal evolution of contributing areas

Journal Article Water Resources Research · June 1, 2015 Predicting runoff source areas and how they change through time is a challenge in hydrology. Topographically induced lateral water redistribution and water removal through evapotranspiration lead to spatially and temporally variable patterns of watershed w ... Full text Cite

Model-based analysis of the influence of catchment properties on hydrologic partitioning across five mountain headwater subcatchments

Journal Article Water Resources Research · June 1, 2015 Ungauged headwater basins are an abundant part of the river network, but dominant influences on headwater hydrologic response remain difficult to predict. To address this gap, we investigated the ability of a physically based watershed model (the Distribut ... Full text Cite

The river as a chemostat: Fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter flowing down the river continuum

Journal Article Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · April 1, 2015 A better understanding is needed of how hydrological and biogeochemical processes control dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition from headwaters downstream to large rivers. We examined a large DOM datas ... Full text Cite

Variations in streamflow response to large hurricane-season storms in a southeastern U.S. watershed

Journal Article Journal of Hydrometeorology · January 1, 2015 Floods caused by hurricane storms are responsible for tremendous economic and property losses in the United States. To minimize flood damages associated with large hurricane-season storms, it is important to be able to predict streamflow amount in response ... Full text Cite

Estimating thermal regimes of bull trout and assessing the potential effects of climate warming on critical habitats

Journal Article River Research and Applications · February 1, 2014 Understanding the vulnerability of aquatic species and habitats under climate change is critical for conservation and management of freshwater systems. Climate warming is predicted to increase water temperatures in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, yet few ... Full text Cite

A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data-scarce regions

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · January 27, 2014 Soil temperature is a key control on belowground chemical and biological processes. Typically, models of soil temperature are developed and validated for large geographic regions. However, modeling frameworks intended for higher spatial resolutions (much f ... Full text Cite

A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data-scarce regions

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research · January 27, 2014 Soil temperature is a key control on belowground chemical and biological processes. Typically, models of soil temperature are developed and validated for large geographic regions. However, modeling frameworks intended for higher spatial resolutions (much f ... Full text Cite

Calibrating hydrologic models in flow-corrected time

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2014 Modeling streamflow hydrographs can be a highly complex problem, particularly due to difficulties caused by multiple dominant streamflow states, switching of dominant streamflow generation mechanisms temporally, and dynamic catchment responses to precipita ... Full text Cite

Vegetation and topographic influences on the connectivity of shallow groundwater between hillslopes and streams

Journal Article Ecohydrology · January 1, 2014 Little is known about the combined effects of vegetation and topography on hillslope water table dynamics. In forested headwater catchments, complex terrain and vegetation intersect to impose large spatial and temporal variability in the vertical and later ... Full text Cite

Lateral inflows, stream-groundwater exchange, and network geometry influence stream water composition

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2014 The role of stream networks and their hydrologic interaction with hillslopes and shallow groundwater in modifying and transporting watershed signals is an area of active research. One of the primary ways that stream networks can modify watershed signals is ... Full text Cite

Ecohydrological flow networks in the subsurface

Journal Article Ecohydrology · January 1, 2014 Preferential flow in hillslope systems through subsurface networks developed from a range of botanical, faunal and geophysical processes have been observed and inferred for decades and may provide a large component of the bulk transport of water and solute ... Full text Cite

Using field data to inform and evaluate a new model of catchment hydrologic connectivity

Journal Article Water Resources Research · October 1, 2013 We present a new hydrologic model based on the frequency distribution of hillslope landscape elements along the stream network as a basis for simulating landscape-scale hydrologic connectivity and catchment runoff. Hydrologic connectivity describes shallow ... Full text Cite

A beta regression model for improved solar radiation predictions

Journal Article Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · September 23, 2013 Predicting global solar radiation is an integral part of much environmental modeling. There are several approaches for predicting global solar radiation at a site where no instrumentation exists. One popular approach uses the difference between daily high ... Full text Cite

Identifiability of transient storage model parameters along a mountain stream

Journal Article Water Resources Research · September 1, 2013 Transient storage models are widely used in combination with tracer experiments to characterize stream reaches via calibrated parameter estimates. These parameters quantify the main transport and storage processes. However, it is implicitly assumed that ca ... Full text Cite

Nitrogen production from geochemical weathering of rocks in southwest Montana, USA

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · July 1, 2013 A 30 day time course laboratory weathering experiment was conducted using rock samples collected from the West Fork of the Gallatin River watershed (WFW) in southwestern Montana, USA. The goal of these experiments was to quantify the amount of labile nitro ... Full text Cite

Ecohydrology of an outbreak: Mountain pine beetle impacts trees in drier landscape positions first

Journal Article Ecohydrology · June 1, 2013 Vegetation pattern and landscape structure intersect to exert strong control over ecohydrological dynamics at the watershed scale. The hydrologic implications of vegetation disturbance (e.g. fire, disease) depend on the spatial pattern and form of environm ... Full text Open Access Cite

Variations in surface water-ground water interactions along a headwater mountain stream: Comparisons between transient storage and water balance analyses

Journal Article Water Resources Research · June 1, 2013 The accumulation of discharge along a stream valley is frequently assumed to be the primary control on solute transport processes. Relationships of both increasing and decreasing transient storage, and decreased gross losses of stream water have been repor ... Full text Cite

Intrastream variability in solute transport: Hydrologic and geomorphic controls on solute retention

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface · June 1, 2013 Hydrologic fluctuations and geomorphic heterogeneity are expected to produce substantial variability in solute transport within rivers. However, this variability has not been sufficiently explored due to the limited availability of solute injection data in ... Full text Cite

Do transient storage parameters directly scale in longer, combined stream reaches? Reach length dependence of transient storage interpretations

Journal Article Journal of Hydrology · March 13, 2013 Little work has been done to assess parameterizations and related interpretations (i.e., metrics of exchange) of transient storage modeling (TSM) over multiple spatial scales in streams. In this paper, we simulate conservative solute transport in a small m ... Full text Cite

It takes a community to raise a hydrologist: The Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement (MOCHA)

Journal Article Hydrology and Earth System Sciences · November 26, 2012 Protection from hydrological extremes and the sustainable supply of hydrological services in the presence of changing climate and lifestyles as well as rocketing population pressure in many parts of the world are the defining societal challenges for hydrol ... Full text Cite

Land use/land cover and scale influences on in-stream nitrogen uptake kinetics

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · June 1, 2012 Land use/land cover change often leads to increased nutrient loading to streams; however, its influence on stream ecosystem nutrient transport remains poorly understood. Given the deleterious impacts elevated nutrient loading can have on aquatic ecosystems ... Full text Cite

Hydrologic response to channel reconfiguration on Silver Bow Creek, Montana

Journal Article Journal of Hydrology · May 17, 2012 Hydrologic residence time in streams is rarely considered as a response variable for assessing restoration design strategies. However, residence time is an important control on ecosystem processes such as the biotic uptake and processing of excess nutrient ... Full text Cite

Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession

Journal Article Water Resources Research · May 1, 2012 Relating watershed structure to streamflow generation is a primary focus of hydrology. However, comparisons of longitudinal variability in stream discharge with adjacent valley structure have been rare, resulting in poor understanding of the distribution o ... Full text Cite

Investigating controls on the thermal sensitivity of Pennsylvania streams

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · February 28, 2012 Stream temperature, an important measure of ecosystem health, is expected to be altered by future changes in climate and land use, potentially leading to shifts in habitat distribution for aquatic organisms dependent on particular temperature regimes. To a ... Full text Cite

Complex terrain leads to bidirectional responses of soil respiration to inter-annual water availability

Journal Article Global Change Biology · February 1, 2012 Research on the terrestrial C balance focuses largely on measuring and predicting responses of ecosystem-scale production and respiration to changing temperatures and hydrologic regimes. However, landscape morphology can modify the availability of resource ... Full text Cite

Stream-groundwater exchange and hydrologic turnover at the network scale

Journal Article Water Resources Research · December 26, 2011 The exchange of water between streams and groundwater can influence stream water quality, hydrologic mass balances, and attenuate solute export from watersheds. We used conservative tracer injections (chloride, Cl -) across 10 stream reaches to ... Full text Cite

Landscape structure and climate influences on hydrologic response

Journal Article Water Resources Research · December 26, 2011 Climate variability and catchment structure (topography, geology, vegetation) have a significant influence on the timing and quantity of water discharged from mountainous catchments. How these factors combine to influence runoff dynamics is poorly understo ... Full text Cite

Hierarchical controls on runoff generation: Topographically driven hydrologic connectivity, geology, and vegetation

Journal Article Water Resources Research · December 12, 2011 Understanding the relative influence of catchment structure (topography and topology), underlying geology, and vegetation on runoff response is key to interpreting catchment hydrology. Hillslope-riparian-stream (HRS) water table connectivity serves as the ... Full text Cite

Quantifying watershed sensitivity to spatially variable N loading and the relative importance of watershed N retention mechanisms

Journal Article Water Resources Research · August 30, 2011 The link between watershed nitrogen (N) loading and watershed nitrate (NO 3-) export is poorly understood yet critical to addressing the growing global problem of watershed N enrichment. We introduce the Big Sky nutrient export model ... Full text Cite

On the spatial heterogeneity of net ecosystem productivity in complex landscapes

Journal Article Ecosphere · July 1, 2011 Micrometeorological flux towers provide spatially integrated estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP) of carbon over areas ranging from several hectares to several square kilometers, but they do so at the expense of spatially explicit information within ... Full text Cite

A watershed-scale assessment of a process soil CO2 production and efflux model

Journal Article Water Resources Research · June 10, 2011 Growing season soil CO2 efflux is known to vary laterally by as much as seven fold within small subalpine watersheds (<5 km2), and such degree of variability has been strongly related to the landscape-imposed redistribution of soil wa ... Full text Cite

Landscape structure, groundwater dynamics, and soil water content influence soil respiration across riparian-hillslope transitions in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, Montana

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · February 28, 2011 Variability in soil respiration at various spatial and temporal scales has been the focus of much research over the last decade aimed to improve our understanding and parameterization of physical and environmental controls on this flux. However, few studie ... Full text Cite

Using Quickbird and Landsat imagery to analyze temporal changes in mountain resort development: Big Sky, Montana 1990-2005

Journal Article Journal of Applied Remote Sensing · January 1, 2011 Documenting patterns of land use and land-cover change in mountain resort development (MRD) is important for understanding the effects of these changes of fragile mountain environments. High-spatial-resolution imagery can be useful for mapping MRD, but lac ... Full text Cite

Calculating terrain indices along streams: A new method for separating stream sides

Journal Article Water Resources Research · December 23, 2010 There is increasing interest in assessing riparian zones and their hydrological and biogeochemical buffering capacity with indices derived from hydrologic landscape analysis of digital elevation data. Upslope contributing area is a common surrogate for lat ... Full text Cite

Spatial and temporal controls on watershed ecohydrology in the northern Rocky Mountains

Journal Article Water Resources Research · December 10, 2010 Vegetation water stress plays an important role in the movement of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. However, the effects of water stress on evapotranspiration (ET) and other hydrological processes at the watershed scale remain poorly unde ... Full text Cite

Separating physical and biological nutrient retention and quantifying uptake kinetics from ambient to saturation in successive mountain stream reaches

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · December 1, 2010 Hydrological and biogeochemical processes in stream reaches impact the downstream transport of nutrients. The output from one stream reach becomes the input for the next, leading to serial processing along stream networks. The shape of the uptake-concentra ... Full text Cite

Hillslope hydrologic connectivity controls riparian groundwater turnover: Implications of catchment structure for riparian buffering and stream water sources

Journal Article Water Resources Research · October 29, 2010 Hydrologic connectivity between catchment upland and near stream areas is essential for the transmission of water, solutes, and nutrients to streams. However, our current understanding of the role of riparian zones in mediating landscape hydrologic connect ... Full text Cite

Tracer additions for spiraling curve characterization (TASCC): Quantifying stream nutrient uptake kinetics from ambient to saturation

Journal Article Limnology and Oceanography Methods · September 1, 2010 Stream nutrient tracer additions and nutrient spiraling metrics are frequently used to quantify lotic ecosystem behavior. Of particular concern is the influence nutrient concentration exerts on nutrient retention and export. However, characterizing spirali ... Full text Cite

Terrain-based predictive modeling of riparian vegetation in a northern rocky mountain watershed

Journal Article Wetlands · June 1, 2010 Research focused on improving our understanding of riparian habitat distribution is becoming increasingly important for assessing nutrient buffering potential within developing mountain watersheds. We used field-based vegetation data and digitally-derived ... Full text Cite

The future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing world

Journal Article Water Resources Research · May 1, 2010 Human activities exert global-scale impacts on our environment with significant implications for freshwater-driven services and hazards for humans and nature. Our approach to the science of hydrology needs to significantly change so that we can understand ... Full text Cite

An analysis of alternative conceptual models relating hyporheic exchange flow to diel fluctuations in discharge during baseflow recession

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · March 1, 2010 Diel fluctuations in stream flow during baseflow have been observed in many streams and are typically attributed to water losses from evapotranspiration (ET). However, there is no widely transferable conceptual model that explains how ET results in diel fl ... Full text Cite

Variable flushing mechanisms and landscape structure control stream DOC export during snowmelt in a set of nested catchments

Journal Article Biogeochemistry · January 7, 2010 Stream DOC dynamics during snowmelt have been the focus of much research, and numerous DOC mobilization and delivery mechanisms from riparian and upland areas have been proposed. However, landscape structure controls on DOC export from riparian and upland ... Full text Cite

Effects of LiDAR-Quickbird fusion on object-oriented classification of mountain resort development

Journal Article Journal of Applied Remote Sensing · January 1, 2010 Mountain resort development is having increasing effects on ecological functions in the intermountain West. High-resolution remote sensing has the potential to assist in monitoring this development. We evaluated classification of mountain resort developmen ... Full text Cite

Channel water balance and exchange with subsurface flow along a mountain headwater stream in Montana, United States

Journal Article Water Resources Research · November 1, 2009 Channel water balances of contiguous reaches along streams represent a poorly understood scale of stream-subsurface interaction. We measured reach water balances along a headwater stream in Montana, United States, during summer base flow recessions. Reach ... Full text Cite

Seasonality in spatial variability and influence of land use/land cover and watershed characteristics on stream water nitrate concentrations in a developing watershed in the Rocky Mountain West

Journal Article Water Resources Research · August 1, 2009 In recent decades, the Rocky Mountain West has been one of the fastest growing regions in the United States. Headwater streams in mountain environments may be particularly susceptible to nitrogen enrichment from residential and resort development. We utili ... Full text Cite

Differential soil respiration responses to changing hydrologic regimes

Journal Article Water Resources Research · July 1, 2009 Soil respiration is tightly coupled to the hydrologic cycle (i.e., snowmelt and precipitation timing and magnitude). We examined riparian and hillslope soil respiration across a wet (2005) and a dry (2006) growing season in a subalpine catchment. When comp ... Full text Cite

Landscape structure control on soil CO2 efflux variability in complex terrain: Scaling from point observations to watershed scale fluxes

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · June 28, 2009 We investigated the spatial and temporal variability of soil CO2 efflux across 62 sites of a 393-ha complex watershed of the northern Rocky Mountains. Growing season (83 day) cumulative soil CO2 efflux varied from ∼300 to ∼2000 g CO Full text Cite

Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach- and plot-scale understanding to the catchment scale

Journal Article Water Resources Research · April 1, 2009 The relationship between catchment structure and runoff characteristics is poorly understood. In steep headwater catchments with shallow soils the accumulation of hillslope area (upslope accumulated area (UAA)) is a hypothesized first-order control on the ... Full text Cite

Interpretation and evaluation of combined measurement techniques for soil CO2 efflux: Discrete surface chambers and continuous soil CO2 concentration probes

Journal Article Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · December 28, 2008 Soil CO2 efflux is a large respiratory flux from terrestrial ecosystems and a critical component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Lack of process understanding of the spatiotemporal controls on soil CO2 efflux limits our ability to ext ... Full text Cite

Comparing the effects of fused and non-fused imagery on objectoriented classificaiton

Journal Article American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Asprs Annual Conference 2008 Bridging the Horizons New Frontiers in Geospatial Collaboration · December 1, 2008 The effects of fused and non-fused imagery on object-oriented classification were analyzed. Imagery for this study included a four band multispectral Quickbird image and LiDAR bare earth and surface models. Results of a Quickbird only classification and a ... Cite

Identifying linkages between land use, geomorphology, and aquatic habitat in a mixed-use watershed.

Journal Article Environmental management · November 2008 The potential impacts of land use on large woody debris (LWD) were examined in Sourdough Creek Watershed, a rapidly growing area encompassing Bozeman, Montana, USA. We identified six land classes within a 250 m buffer extending on either side of Sourdough ... Full text Cite

Variability in soil respiration across riparian-hillslope transitions

Journal Article Biogeochemistry · October 1, 2008 The spatial and temporal controls on soil CO2 production and surface CO2 efflux have been identified as outstanding gaps in our understanding of carbon cycling. We investigated both across two riparian-hillslope transitions in a subal ... Full text Cite

Flow velocity and the hydrologic behavior of streams during baseflow

Journal Article Geophysical Research Letters · December 28, 2007 Diel variations in stream discharge have long been recognized, but are relatively little studied. Here we demonstrate that these diel fluctuations can be used to investigate both strearnflow generation and network routing. We treat evapo-transpiration (ET) ... Full text Cite

Stream gains and losses across a mountain-to-valley transition: Impacts on watershed hydrology and stream water chemistry

Journal Article Water Resources Research · October 1, 2007 The mountain to alluvial valley transition is a dominant landscape of the American West, and of mountainous regions around the world, and is crucial to water resources in these regions. We combined stream water and groundwater (GW) hydrometric methods with ... Full text Cite

Diurnal hysteresis between soil CO2 and soil temperature is controlled by soil water content

Journal Article Geophysical Research Letters · September 16, 2007 Recent years have seen a growing interest in measuring and modeling soil CO2 efflux, as this flux represents a large component of ecosystem respiration and is a key determinant of ecosystem carbon balance. Process-based models of soil CO2 Full text Cite

Taking the pulse of hydrology education

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · June 30, 2007 As a group of young hydrologists, we conducted a short, online survey to understand some of the main characteristics of current hydrology education and its educators. The survey provided a very interesting view on the great diversity found in hydrology edu ... Full text Cite

A new triangular multiple flow direction algorithm for computing upslope areas from gridded digital elevation models

Journal Article Water Resources Research · April 1, 2007 [1] Gridded digital elevation data, often referred to as DEMs, are one of the most widely available forms of environmental data. Topographic analysis of DEMs can take many forms, but in hydrologic and geomorphologic applications it is typically used as a s ... Full text Cite

Landscape Element Contributions to Storm Runoff

Chapter · January 1, 2006 Hydrological conditions and the corresponding land area contributions to streamflow vary across the landscape. Landscapes are mosaics that can be described in varying levels of detail. This document describes the importance of different landscape elements ... Full text Cite

Catchment Classification and Services—Toward a New Paradigm for Catchment Hydrology Driven by Societal Needs

Chapter · January 1, 2006 Hydrologists do not yet possess a generally accepted catchment classification system. This article presents a review of work done so far, and discusses a general framework for a catchment classification system considering variability in relevant characteri ... Full text Cite

A perspective on hillslope hydrology in the context of PUB

Journal Article IAHS AISH Publication · December 1, 2005 Cite

A stream tracer technique employing ionic tracers and specific conductance data applied to the Maimai catchment, New Zealand

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · August 30, 2005 The stream tracer technique and transient storage models (TSMs) have become common tools in stream solute and hyporheic exchange studies. The expense and logistics associated with water sample collection and analysis often results in limited temporal resol ... Full text Cite

The role of topography on catchment-scale water residence time

Journal Article Water Resources Research · May 1, 2005 The age, or residence time, of water is a fundamental descriptor of catchment hydrology, revealing information about the storage, flow pathways, and source of water in a single integrated measure. While there has been tremendous recent interest in residenc ... Full text Cite

Scale effects on headwater catchment runoff timing, flow sources, and groundwater-streamflow relations

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2004 [1] The effects of catchment size and landscape organization on runoff generation are poorly understood. Little research has integrated hillslope and riparian runoff investigation across catchments of different sizes to decipher first-order controls on run ... Full text Cite

Quantifying the relative contributions of riparian and hillslope zones to catchment runoff

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2003 The spatial and temporal sources of headwater catchment runoff are poorly understood. We quantified the contributions of hillslopes and riparian zones to streamflow for two storm events in a highly responsive, steep, wet watershed located on the west coast ... Full text Cite

How does rainfall become runoff? A combined tracer and runoff transfer function approach

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2003 Hydrographs are an enticing focus for hydrologic research: they are readily available hydrological data that integrate the variety of terrestrial runoff generation processes and upstream routing. Notwithstanding, new techniques to glean information from th ... Full text Cite

Role of discrete landscape units in controlling catchment dissolved organic carbon dynamics

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2003 The spatial sources and delivery mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to streams are poorly understood. We examined the relationship between storm DOC dynamics, catchment landscape units, and catchment scale to elucidate controls on DOC export dyna ... Full text Cite

Distributed assessment of contributing area and riparian buffering along stream networks

Journal Article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2003 We present a simple approach for quantifying the local contributions of hillslope area and riparian area along a stream network based on gridded digital elevation data. The method enables one to compute catchment characteristics such as the distribution of ... Full text Cite

On the relationships between catchment scale and streamwater mean residence time

Journal Article Hydrological Processes · January 1, 2003 The relationship between streamwater mean residence time (MRT) and landscape characteristics is poorly understood. We used tritium (3H) to define our MRT. We tested the hypothesis that baseflow water MRT increases with increasing absolute catchm ... Full text Cite

A review of the evolving perceptual model of hillslope flowpaths at the Maimai catchments, New Zealand

Journal Article Journal of Hydrology · February 1, 2002 The Maimai catchment has been the site of ongoing hillslope research since the late 1970s. These studies have facilitated the development of a detailed perceptual model of hillslope hydrology at Maimai. This perceptual model has grown in complexity beyond ... Full text Cite

Riparian zone flowpath dynamics during snowmelt in a small headwater catchment

Journal Article Journal of Hydrology · September 13, 1999 The hydrology of the near-stream riparian zone in upland humid catchments is poorly understood. We examined the spatial and temporal aspects of riparian flowpaths during snowmelt in a headwater catchment within the Sleepers River catchment in northern Verm ... Full text Cite

The role of near-stream riparian zones in the hydrology of steep upland catchments

Journal Article IAHS AISH Publication · December 1, 1998 Surface and subsurface waters were monitored and sampled at various topographic positions in a 40.5-ha headwater catchment to test several hypotheses of runoff generation and stream chemical and isotopic evolution during snowmelt. Transmissivity feedback w ... Cite