Christine M. Drea | Scholars@Duke

Christine M. Drea
Earl D. McLean Professor

I have two broad research interests, sexual differentiation and social behavior, both focused on hyenas and primates. I am particularly interested in unusual species in which the females display a suite of masculinized characteristics, including male- like or exaggerated external genitalia and social dominance. The study of naturally occurring hormones in such unique mammals can reveal general processes of hormonal activity, expressed in genital morphology, reproductive development, and social behavior. Taking a combined laboratory and field approach allows me to relate captive data to various facets of the animals' natural habitat, thereby enhancing the ecological validity of assay procedures and enriching interpretation in an evolutionary framework. The goal of comparative studies of hyenas and lemurs is to help elucidate the mechanisms of mammalian sexual differentiation.

My research program in social behavior focuses on social learning and group cohesion. Using naturalistic tasks that I present to captive animals in socially relevant contexts, I can investigate how social interaction modulates behavior, problem- solving, and cognitive performance. By studying and comparing models of carnivore and primate foraging, I can better understand how group-living animals modify their actions to meet environmental demands. A primary interest is determining whether similar factors, related to having a complex social organization, influence learning and performance across taxonomic groups. I am also interested in how animals learn rules of social conduct and maintain social cohesion, as evidenced by their patterns of behavioral developmental, the intricate balance between aggression and play, the expression of scent marking, and the social facilitation or inhibition of behavior.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Earl D. McLean Professor, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2016 - 2021
Professor in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2012
Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2015
Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, University Institutes and Centers 2009
Affiliate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, Duke Science & Society, Initiatives 2014

Contact Information

129 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708
Duke Box 90383, 08 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708-0383
(919) 660-7367

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Emory University 1991
- M.A., Emory University 1990
- B.S., University of Maryland, College Park 1984
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2008 - 2012
- Assistant Research Professor of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Basic Science Departments, School of Medicine 2006 - 2007
- Assistant Professor of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Basic Science Departments, School of Medicine 1999 - 2005
- Assistant Professor of Biology, Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2001 - 2005
Recognition
In the News
- JUN 28, 2018
  
  Lemurs Can Smell Weakness in Each Other
- JUN 12, 2018
  
  Anne Yoder Stepping Down at Duke Lemur Center
- AUG 22, 2017 Duke Research Blog
  
  Captive Lemurs Get a Genetic Health Checkup
- JUN 12, 2017
  
  Microbes Give Meerkat Gangs Their Signature Scents
- OCT 20, 2016
  
  Mean Girl Meerkats Can Make Twice As Much Testosterone As Males
- MAY 5, 2016
  
  Duke Awards Distinguished Professorships, Inducts New Bass Society Members
- APR 19, 2016
  
  Lemurs Mix Smelly Secretions to Make Richer, Longer-Lasting Scents
- APR 15, 2016 Scientific American
  
  Bearcats naturally pass the popcorn
- APR 15, 2016 Discovery News
  
  Why bearcats smell like buttery popcorn
- APR 13, 2016
  
  Why Bearcats Smell Like Buttered Popcorn
- AUG 26, 2015
  
  Meerkat Matriarch Carries Many Burdens
- MAR 13, 2015 WUNC
  
  Hyenas: Incredibly intelligent
- FEB 25, 2015 Discover Magazine
  
  Smells like a boy: Lemurs may use scent of mother to determine baby’s sex
- FEB 24, 2015
  
  Boy or Girl? Lemur Scents Have the Answer
- APR 15, 2014
  
  Lemurs Match Scent Of A Friend To Sound Of Her Voice
- FEB 3, 2014 The Daily Mail
  
  The smell of success: Is the key to a happy relationship having the same scent as your partner?
Awards & Honors
- Thomas Langford Lectureship. Duke University. 2012
- Nomination, Baldwin Scholars Unsung Heroine Award. Duke University. 2008
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Research
Research
Selected Grants
- Lemur Health, the Microbiome, and Condition-dependent Signals awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2021
- DOCTORAL DISSERTATION RESEARCH: A comparative study of gut microbiomes in folivorous lemurs: Effects of captivity, habitat, and evolutionary history awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2019
- Life in the wild takes guts: The gut microbiome relative to the phylogeny, folivory, and environment of endangered Malagasy lemurs awarded by Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation 2017 - 2018
- DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Relationship Between Maternal Social Status, Offspring Health, and Female Dispersal Success in Wild Meerkats awarded by National Science Foundation 2016 - 2018
- Linking Dietary Quality to the Gut Microbiome of Endangered Malagasy Primates awarded by Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation 2015 - 2017
- Mechanisms of Female Dominance and Reproductive Skew in a Cooperative Breeder awarded by National Science Foundation 2010 - 2016
- REU Supplement: Mechanisms of Social Dynamics in Meerkats awarded by National Science Foundation 2010 - 2016
- Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: The Behavioral And Social Effects of Hormone Manipulation in Female-Dominant Lemurs awarded by National Science Foundation 2013 - 2015
- Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Impact of Genetic Health on Parasite Prevalence, Diversity, & Burden in Lemur catta awarded by National Science Foundation 2012 - 2015
- Olfactory Communication in Primates awarded by National Science Foundation 2007 - 2010
- Patterns of lemur reproductive and behavioral development awarded by National Science Foundation 2004 - 2007
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Greene, LK, McKenney, EA, O'Connell, TM, and Drea, CM. "The critical role of dietary foliage in maintaining the gut microbiome and metabolome of folivorous sifakas." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 14482-null. Full Text
  - Dimac-Stohl, KA, Davies, CS, Grebe, NM, Stonehill, AC, Greene, LK, Mitchell, J, Clutton-Brock, T, and Drea, CM. "Incidence and biomarkers of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal loss during an environmental stressor: Implications for female reproductive suppression in the cooperatively breeding meerkat." Physiology & Behavior 193, no. Pt A (September 2018): 90-100. Full Text
  - Smyth, KN, Caruso, NM, Davies, CS, Clutton-Brock, TH, and Drea, CM. "Social and endocrine correlates of immune function in meerkats: implications for the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 180435-null. Full Text
  - Harris, RL, Boulet, M, Grogan, KE, and Drea, CM. "Costs of injury for scent signalling in a strepsirrhine primate." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 9882-null. Full Text
  - Grogan, KE, Sauther, ML, Cuozzo, FP, and Drea, CM. "Genetic wealth, population health: Major histocompatibility complex variation in captive and wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." Ecology and Evolution 7, no. 19 (October 2017): 7638-7649. Full Text
  - Leclaire, S, Jacob, S, Greene, LK, Dubay, GR, and Drea, CM. "Social odours covary with bacterial community in the anal secretions of wild meerkats." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 3240-null. Full Text
  - Davies, CS, Smyth, KN, Greene, LK, Walsh, DA, Mitchell, J, Clutton-Brock, T, and Drea, CM. "Exceptional endocrine profiles characterise the meerkat: sex, status, and reproductive patterns." Scientific Reports 6 (October 18, 2016): 35492-null. Full Text
  - Smyth, KN, Greene, LK, Clutton-Brock, T, and Drea, CM. "Androgens predict parasitism in female meerkats: a new perspective on a classic trade-off." Biology Letters 12, no. 10 (October 2016). Full Text
  - Charpentier, MJE, Williams, CV, and Drea, CM. "Erratum to: Inbreeding depression in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta): genetic diversity predicts parasitism, immunocompetence, and survivorship(Conserv Genet, (2008), 9, 1605-1615, Doi:10.1007/s10592-007-9499-4)." Conservation Genetics 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 751-null. Full Text
  - Greene, LK, Wallen, TW, Moresco, A, Goodwin, TE, and Drea, CM. "Reproductive endocrine patterns and volatile urinary compounds of Arctictis binturong: discovering why bearcats smell like popcorn." Die Naturwissenschaften 103, no. 5-6 (June 2016): 37-null. Full Text
  - Greene, LK, Grogan, KE, Smyth, KN, Adams, CA, Klager, SA, and Drea, CM. "Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 4 (April 20, 2016): 160076-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Grogan, KE, McGinnis, GJ, Sauther, ML, Cuozzo, FP, and Drea, CM. "Next-generation genotyping of hypervariable loci in many individuals of a non-model species: technical and theoretical implications." Bmc Genomics 17 (March 8, 2016): 204-null. Full Text
  - delBarco-Trillo, J, Greene, LK, Goncalves, IB, Fenkes, M, Wisse, JH, Drewe, JA, Manser, MB, Clutton-Brock, T, and Drea, CM. "Beyond aggression: Androgen-receptor blockade modulates social interaction in wild meerkats." Hormones and Behavior 78 (February 2016): 95-106. Full Text
  - Smyth, KN, and Drea, CM. "Patterns of parasitism in the cooperatively breeding meerkat: A cost of dominance for females." Behavioral Ecology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 148-157. Full Text
  - Crawford, JC, and Drea, CM. "Baby on board: olfactory cues indicate pregnancy and fetal sex in a non-human primate." Biology letters 11, no. 2 (February 2015): 20140831-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Drea, CM. "D'scent of man: a comparative survey of primate chemosignaling in relation to sex." Hormones and behavior 68 (February 2015): 117-133. (Review) Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "D'scent of man: A comparative survey of primate chemosignaling in relation to sex." Hormones and Behavior 68 (February 1, 2015): 117-133. (Review) Full Text
  - Petty, JMA, and Drea, CM. "Female rule in lemurs is ancestral and hormonally mediated." Scientific reports 5 (January 2015): 9631-. Full Text
  - delBarco-Trillo, J, and Drea, CM. "Socioecological and phylogenetic patterns in the chemical signals of strepsirrhine primates." Animal Behaviour 97 (November 1, 2014): 249-253. Full Text
  - Kulahci, IG, Drea, CM, Rubenstein, DI, and Ghazanfar, AA. "Individual recognition through olfactory-auditory matching in lemurs." Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society 281, no. 1784 (June 7, 2014): 20140071-. Full Text
  - Kulahci, IG, Drea, CM, Rubenstein, DI, and Ghazanfar, AA. "Individual recognition through olfactory-auditory matching in lemurs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1784 (June 2014): 20140071-null. Full Text
  - Greene, LK, and Drea, CM. "Love is in the air: sociality and pair bondedness influence sifaka reproductive signalling." Animal Behaviour 88 (February 2014): 147-156. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Cunha, GR, Risbridger, G, Wang, H, Place, NJ, Grumbach, M, Cunha, TJ, Weldele, M, Conley, AJ, Barcellos, D, Agarwal, S, Bhargava, A, Drea, C, Hammond, GL, Siiteri, P, Coscia, EM, McPhaul, MJ, Baskin, LS, and Glickman, SE. "Development of the external genitalia: perspectives from the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)." Differentiation; research in biological diversity 87, no. 1-2 (January 2014): 4-22. (Review) Full Text
  - Cunha, GR, Risbridger, G, Wang, H, Place, NJ, Grumbach, M, Cunha, TJ, Weldele, M, Conley, AJ, Barcellos, D, Agarwal, S, Bhargava, A, Drea, C, Hammond, GL, Siiteri, P, Coscia, EM, McPhaul, MJ, Baskin, LS, and Glickman, SE. "Development of the external genitalia: Perspectives from the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)." Differentiation 87, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2014): 4-22. Full Text
  - Leclaire, S, Nielsen, JF, and Drea, CM. "Bacterial communities in meerkat anal scent secretions vary with host sex, age, and group membership." Behavioral Ecology 25, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 996-1004. Full Text
  - delBarco-Trillo, J, and Drea, CM. "Socioecological and phylogenetic patterns in the chemical signals of strepsirrhine primates(Accepted)." Animal Behaviour (2014). Full Text
  - Charpentier, MJE, Mboumba, S, Ditsoga, C, and Drea, CM. "Nasopalatine ducts and flehmen behavior in the mandrill: reevaluating olfactory communication in Old World primates." American Journal of Primatology 75, no. 7 (July 2013): 703-714. Full Text
  - Delbarco-Trillo, J, Harelimana, IH, Goodwin, TE, and Drea, CM. "Chemical differences between voided and bladder urine in the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis): implications for olfactory communication studies." Am J Primatol 75, no. 7 (July 2013): 695-702. Full Text Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, Boulet, M, Delbarco-Trillo, J, Greene, LK, Sacha, CR, Goodwin, TE, and Dubay, GR. "The "secret" in secretions: methodological considerations in deciphering primate olfactory communication." Am J Primatol 75, no. 7 (July 2013): 621-642. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Charpentier, MJE, Mboumba, S, Ditsoga, C, and Drea, CM. "Nasopalatine ducts and flehmen behavior in the mandrill: Reevaluating olfactory communication in old world primates." American Journal of Primatology 75, no. 7 (2013): 703-714. Full Text
  - Charpentier, MJE, and Drea, CM. "Victims of infanticide and conspecific bite wounding in a female-dominant primate: a long-term study." Plos One 8, no. 12 (January 2013): e82830-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Delbarco-Trillo, J, Harelimana, IH, Goodwin, TE, and Drea, CM. "Chemical differences between voided and bladder urine in the aye-aye (daubentonia madagascariensis): Implications for olfactory communication Studies." American Journal of Primatology 75, no. 7 (2013): 695-702. Full Text
  - Drea, CM, Boulet, M, Delbarco-Trillo, J, Greene, LK, Sacha, CR, Goodwin, TE, and Dubay, GR. "The "secret" in secretions: Methodological considerations in deciphering primate olfactory communication." American Journal of Primatology 75, no. 7 (2013): 621-642. Full Text
  - delBarco-Trillo, J, Sacha, CR, Dubay, GR, and Drea, CM. "Eulemur, me lemur: the evolution of scent-signal complexity in a primate clade." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 367, no. 1597 (July 2012): 1909-1922. Full Text
  - Hammond, GL, Miguel-Queralt, S, Yalcinkaya, TM, Underhill, C, Place, NJ, Glickman, SE, Drea, CM, Wagner, AP, and Siiteri, PK. "Phylogenetic comparisons implicate sex hormone-binding globulin in "masculinization" of the female spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)." Endocrinology 153, no. 3 (March 2012): 1435-1443. Full Text Link to Item
  - MacLean, EL, Matthews, LJ, Hare, BA, Nunn, CL, Anderson, RC, Aureli, F, Brannon, EM, Call, J, Drea, CM, Emery, NJ, Haun, DBM, Herrmann, E, Jacobs, LF, Platt, ML, Rosati, AG, Sandel, AA, Schroepfer, KK, Seed, AM, Tan, J, van Schaik, CP, and Wobber, V. "How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative psychology." Animal Cognition 15, no. 2 (March 2012): 223-238. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Charpentier, MJE, Ditsoga, C, Mboumba, S, and Drea, CM. "Nasopalatine ducts and flehmen behavior in the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx): Reevaluating olfactory communication in primates. (Accepted)" American Journal of Primatology (2012). (Academic Article)
  - Rushmore, J, Leonhardt, SD, and Drea, CM. "Sight or scent: lemur sensory reliance in detecting food quality varies with feeding ecology." Plos One 7, no. 8 (January 2012): e41558-null. Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "Endocrine correlates of pregnancy in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta): implications for the masculinization of daughters." Horm Behav 59, no. 4 (April 2011): 417-427. Full Text Link to Item
  - Place, NJ, Coscia, EM, Dahl, NJ, Drea, CM, Holekamp, KE, Roser, JF, Sisk, CL, Weldele, ML, and Glickman, SE. "The anti-androgen combination, flutamide plus finasteride, paradoxically suppressed LH and androgen concentrations in pregnant spotted hyenas, but not in males." Gen Comp Endocrinol 170, no. 3 (February 1, 2011): 455-459. Full Text Link to Item
  - Crawford, JC, Boulet, M, and Drea, CM. "Smelling wrong: hormonal contraception in lemurs alters critical female odour cues." Proceedings. Biological Sciences 278, no. 1702 (January 2011): 122-130. Full Text
  - Delbarco-Trillo, J, Burkert, BA, Goodwin, TE, and Drea, CM. "Night and day: the comparative study of strepsirrhine primates reveals socioecological and phylogenetic patterns in olfactory signals." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24, no. 1 (January 2011): 82-98. Full Text
  - Boulet, M, Crawford, JC, Charpentier, MJE, and Drea, CM. "Honest olfactory ornamentation in a female-dominant primate." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23, no. 7 (July 2010): 1558-1563. Full Text
  - Charpentier, MJE, Crawford, JC, Boulet, M, and Drea, CM. "Message 'scent': Lemurs detect the genetic relatedness and quality of conspecifics via olfactory cues." Animal Behaviour 80, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 101-108. Full Text
  - Burkert, BA, Broederdorf, LJ, Hirwa, IH, Waldrip, ZJ, Goodwin, TE, and Drea, CM. "Mammalian chemical communication: Comparative investigation of urinary signals in prosimian primates." ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 239 (March 21, 2010). Link to Item
  - Starling, AP, Charpentier, MJE, Fitzpatrick, C, Scordato, ES, and Drea, CM. "Seasonality, sociality, and reproduction: Long-term stressors of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." Horm Behav 57, no. 1 (January 2010): 76-85. Full Text Link to Item
  - Boulet, M, Charpentier, MJE, and Drea, CM. "Decoding an olfactory mechanism of kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance in a primate." Bmc Evolutionary Biology 9 (December 3, 2009): 281-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Drea, CM, and Carter, AN. "Cooperative problem solving in a social carnivore." Animal Behaviour 78, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 967-977. Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "Endocrine mediators of masculinization in female mammals." Current Directions in Psychological Science 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 221-226. Full Text
  - Crawford, JC, Charpentier, MJE, Boulet, M, and Drea, CM. "Lemurs Discriminate the Scent of Conspecifics Based on Individual Heterozygosity and Pairwise Relatedness." INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY 49 (February 2009): E41-E41. Link to Item
  - Leonhardt, SD, Tung, J, Camden, JB, Leal, M, and Drea, CM. "Seeing red: Behavioral evidence of trichromatic color vision in strepsirrhine primates." Behavioral Ecology 20, no. 1 (January 12, 2009): 1-12. Full Text
  - Charpentier, MJE, Williams, CV, and Drea, CM. "Inbreeding depression in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta): Genetic diversity predicts parasitism, immunocompetence, and survivorship." Conservation Genetics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 1605-1615. Full Text
  - Charpentier, MJE, Boulet, M, and Drea, CM. "Smelling right: the scent of male lemurs advertises genetic quality and relatedness." Molecular Ecology 17, no. 14 (July 2008): 3225-3233. Full Text
  - Drea, CM, and Weil, A. "External genital morphology of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta): females are naturally "masculinized"." J Morphol 269, no. 4 (April 2008): 451-463. Full Text Link to Item
  - Drea, CM. "How to study socially biased learning in primates? Trends and future directions." AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 69 (June 2007): 78-79. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM. "Hormonal and experiential regulation of social dominance in macaques, hyenas, and lemurs." AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 69 (June 2007): 125-125. Link to Item
  - Kwatra, SG, and Drea, CM. "Proteomic analysis of ringtailed lemur scent gland secretions: Glandular- and individual-specific protein profiles." AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 69 (June 2007): 108-109. Link to Item
  - Scordato, ES, Dubay, G, and Drea, CM. "Chemical composition of scent marks in the ringtailed lemur (Lemur catta): glandular differences, seasonal variation, and individual signatures." Chemical Senses 32, no. 5 (June 2007): 493-504. Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "Sex and seasonal differences in aggression and steroid secretion in Lemur catta: are socially dominant females hormonally 'masculinized'?." Hormones and Behavior 51, no. 4 (April 2007): 555-567. Full Text
  - Scordato, ES, and Drea, CM. "Scents and sensibility: information content of olfactory signals in the ringtailed lemur, Lemur catta." Animal Behaviour 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 301-314. Full Text
  - Glickman, SE, Cunha, GR, Drea, CM, Conley, AJ, and Place, NJ. "Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted hyena." Trends Endocrinol Metab 17, no. 9 (November 2006): 349-356. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Drea, CM. "Studying primate learning in group contexts: Tests of social foraging, response to novelty, and cooperative problem solving." Methods 38, no. 3 (March 2006): 162-177. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Drea, CM. "Morphological and hormonal correlates of 'masculinization' in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (2006): 85-85. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM. "Bateman revisited: the reproductive tactics of female primates." Integr Comp Biol 45, no. 5 (November 2005): 915-923. Full Text Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, Vignieri, SN, Cunningham, SB, and Glickman, SE. "Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. Investigation of environmental odors and the function of rolling." J Comp Psychol 116, no. 4 (December 2002): 331-341. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, Vignieri, SN, Kim, HS, Weldele, ML, and Glickman, SE. "Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): II. Discrimination of conspecific scent." J Comp Psychol 116, no. 4 (December 2002): 342-349. Link to Item
  - Place, NJ, Holekamp, KE, Sisk, CL, Weldele, ML, Coscia, EM, Drea, CM, and Glickman, SE. "Effects of prenatal treatment with antiandrogens on luteinizing hormone secretion and sex steroid concentrations in adult spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta." Biology of Reproduction 67, no. 5 (November 2002): 1405-1413. Full Text
  - "Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted hyenas, but is prerequisite for male mating." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 269, no. 1504 (October 7, 2002): 1981-1987. Full Text
  - Drea, CM, Place, NJ, Weldele, ML, Coscia, EM, Licht, P, and Glickman, SE. "Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted hyenas, but is prerequisite for male mating." Proceedings. Biological Sciences 269, no. 1504 (October 2002): 1981-1987. Full Text
  - Place, NJ, Holekamp, KE, Sisk, CL, Weldele, ML, Coscia, EM, Drea, CM, and Glickman, SE. "Persistent effects of prenatal treatment with anti-androgens on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of adult spotted hyenas." BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 66 (2002): 306-306. Link to Item
  - Place, NJ, Drea, CM, Holekamp, KE, Weldele, ML, Coscia, EM, and Glickman, SE. "Sex differences and effects of prenatal anti-androgens on LH secretion in spotted hyenas." AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST 41, no. 6 (December 2001): 1557-1557. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, and Wallen, K. "Low-status monkeys "play dumb" when learning in mixed social groups." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, no. 22 (October 1999): 12965-12969. Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "Status, age, and sex effects on performance of discrimination tasks in group-tested rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)." J Comp Psychol 112, no. 2 (June 1998): 170-182. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, Weldele, ML, Forger, NG, Coscia, EM, Frank, LG, Licht, P, and Glickman, SE. "Androgens and masculinization of genitalia in the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta). 2. Effects of prenatal anti-androgens." J Reprod Fertil 113, no. 1 (May 1998): 117-127. Link to Item
  - Glickman, SE, Coscia, EM, Frank, LG, Licht, P, Weldele, ML, and Drea, CM. "Androgens and masculinization of genitalia in the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta). 3. Effects of juvenile gonadectomy." Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 113, no. 1 (May 1998): 129-135. Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "Social context affects how rhesus monkeys explore their environment." American Journal of Primatology 44, no. 3 (January 1, 1998): 205-214. Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "Social context affects how rhesus monkeys explore their environment." American Journal of Primatology 44, no. 3 (January 1998): 205-214. Full Text
  - Glickman, SE, Zabel, CJ, Yoerg, SI, Weldele, ML, Drea, CM, and Frank, LG. "Social facilitation, affiliation, and dominance in the social life of spotted hyenas." Ann N Y Acad Sci 807 (January 15, 1997): 175-184. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, Hawk, JE, and Glickman, SE. "The emergence of affiliative behavior in infant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 807 (January 1997): 498-500. Full Text
  - Drea, CM. "Primate laterality: Current behavioral evidence of primate asymmetries - Ward,JP, Hopkins,WD." CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY 41, no. 7 (July 1996): 681-682. Full Text Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, Hawk, JE, and Glickman, SE. "Aggression decreases as play emerges in infant spotted hyaenas: Preparation for joining the clan." Animal Behaviour 51, no. 6 (January 1, 1996): 1323-1336. Full Text
  - Drea, CM, Wallen, K, Akinbami, MA, and Mann, DR. "Neonatal testosterone and handedness in yearling rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)." Physiology & Behavior 58, no. 6 (December 1995): 1257-1262. Full Text
  - Drea, CM, and Wallen, K. "Gradual acquisition of visual discrimination tasks in a social group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)." Animal Learning &Amp; Behavior 23, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 1-8. Full Text
  - Fagot, J, Drea, CM, and Wallen, K. "Asymmetrical hand use in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in tactually and visually regulated tasks." J Comp Psychol 105, no. 3 (September 1991): 260-268. Link to Item
  - Fagot, J, Drea, CM, and Wallen, K. "Asymmetrical hand use in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in tactually and visually regulated tasks." Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) 105, no. 3 (1991): 260-268. Full Text
  - Nagata, M, Hohman, TC, Nishimura, C, Drea, CM, Oliver, C, and Robison, WG. "Polyol and vacuole formation in cultured canine lens epithelial cells." Exp Eye Res 48, no. 5 (May 1989): 667-677. Link to Item
  - Katz, ML, Drea, CM, and Robison, WG. "Dietary vitamins A and E influence retinyl ester composition and content of the retinal pigment epithelium." Biochim Biophys Acta 924, no. 3 (June 22, 1987): 432-441. Link to Item
  - Katz, ML, Drea, CM, and Robison, WG. "Age-related alterations in vitamin A metabolism in the rat retina." Exp Eye Res 44, no. 6 (June 1987): 939-949. Link to Item
  - Katz, ML, Drea, CM, Eldred, GE, Hess, HH, and Robison, WG. "Influence of early photoreceptor degeneration on lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium." Exp Eye Res 43, no. 4 (October 1986): 561-573. Link to Item
  - Katz, ML, Drea, CM, and Robison, WG. "Relationship between dietary retinol and lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium." Mech Ageing Dev 35, no. 3 (August 1986): 291-305. Link to Item
  - DREA, CM, KATZ, ML, ROBISON, WG, and HESS, HH. "INFLUENCE OF EARLY PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION ON LIPOFUSCIN IN THE RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM." AGE 8, no. 4 (1985): 146-146. Link to Item
  - KATZ, ML, DREA, CM, and ROBISON, WG. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY RETINOL AND LIPOFUSCIN IN THE RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM." AGE 8, no. 4 (1985): 145-145. Link to Item
- Conference Papers
  - Drea, CM. "Reassessing Bateman: Sexual selection in strepsirrhine primates." March 2014. Link to Item
  - Grogan, KE, Sauther, ML, Cuozzo, FP, and Drea, CM. "The impact of genetic variation at the Major Histocompatibility Complex in captive and wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." March 2014. Link to Item
  - Wallen, TW, Goodwin, TE, Moresco, A, and Drea, CM. "Prospecting for urinary chemical signals in binturongs (Arctictis binturong)." March 27, 2011. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM. "Could female ringtailed lemurs be masculinized by maternal androgens?." December 2005. Link to Item
  - Roth, JD, Wiesel, I, and Drea, CM. "Variation in seal consumption by brown hyenas in the Namib desert estimated using stable isotopes." December 2005. Link to Item
  - Scordato, ES, and Drea, CM. "Sex-specific variation in ringtailed lemur Lemur catta olfactory communication." December 2005. Link to Item
  - Place, NJ, Coscia, EM, Dahl, NJ, Drea, CM, Holekamp, KE, Sisk, CL, Weldele, ML, and Glickman, SE. "Paradoxical effects of maximal androgen blockade on sex hormone concentrations in pregnant spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta." 2005. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM. "Bateman revisited: Sexually assertive female primates and their cryptic reproductive tactics." December 2003. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, and Frank, LG. "The social complexity of spotted hyenas." 2003. Link to Item
  - Drea, CM, and Scordato, ES. "Olfactory Communication in the Ringtailed Lemur (Lemur catta): Form and Function of Multimodal Signals." : Springer New York,. Full Text
Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- BIOLOGY 293: Research Independent Study 2019
- BIOLOGY 321: Primate Sexuality 2019
- BIOLOGY 321D: Primate Sexuality 2019
- BIOLOGY 493: Research Independent Study 2019
- EVANTH 341: Primate Sexuality 2019
- EVANTH 341D: Primate Sexuality 2019
- EVANTH 363S: Evolution of Primate Social Cognition 2019
- EVANTH 393: Research Independent Study 2019
- EVANTH 791: Independent Study 2019
- EVANTH 793: Research in Evolutionary Anthropology 2019
- EVANTH 495S: Advanced Research in Evolutionary Anthropology 2018
- NEUROSCI 493: Research Independent Study 1 2018
- BIOLOGY 711S: Ecology Seminar 2017
- ENVIRON 702: Ecology Seminar 2017
- EVANTH 391: Independent Study 2017
- EVANTH 743: Ecology Seminar 2017
- UPE 703S: Ecology Seminar 2017
Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
Presentations & Appearances
Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
- Bass Connections Faculty Team Member. Summer Neuroscience Program Mentor. 2018 2018

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