Charles John Gerardo | Scholars@Duke

Charles John Gerardo
Professor of Emergency Medicine

Dr. Gerardo is Professor and interim Chair for the Department of Emergency Medicine. He graduated with honors from Stanford University with a Bachelor’s of Science in Biology, and received his MD degree from University of California, Davis. He went on to complete his residency training in Emergency Medicine at Loma Linda University Medical Center. He completed his Masters of Health Sciences from the Duke University Clinical Research and Training Program. In 2000, he joined Emergency Medicine faculty at Duke University and has served in numerous educational, research and administrative leadership roles. His current research focuses on US and global snake envenomation using a variety of methodologies from transitional science and clinical trials to machine learning and implementation science. He has over 90 peer reviewed publications and book chapters, and is published in JAMA, PLOS Medicine, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Academic Emergency Medicine and Clinical Toxicology.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 2021
Interim Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 2022
Affiliate, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2009

Contact Information

Box 3096 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710
Box 3096 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
charles.gerardo@duke.edu (919) 681-2850

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- M.D., University of California - Davis 1994
Leadership & Clinical Positions at Duke
- Interim Chair
  Department of Emergency Medicine
Recognition
In the News
- MAY 1, 2023 School of Medicine Magnify
  
  Duke Emergency Medicine Comes into Its Own
Expertise
Subject Headings
Global Scholarship
- Research
  - United Republic of Tanzania (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Snakebite Study #2- Pro00112601 awarded by Ophirex, Inc 2023 - 2028
- Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of a Multi-Dose Regimen of Oral Varespladib-Methyl in Subjects Bitten by Venomous Snakes awarded by Ophirex, Inc 2021 - 2025
- Using community health centers to mitigate the impact of snakebite envenoming in remote areas: Development and formative evaluation of a novel multi-modal intervention in the Brazilian Amazon awarded by National Institutes of Health 2021 - 2023
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2I): Civilian application of military decision support tools for critically injured patients. awarded by Henry M. Jackson Foundation 2021 - 2023
- Sc2i awarded by Henry M. Jackson Foundation 2020 - 2021
- Decision-making process of prescribing anti-venom in snake envenomation awarded by BTG International Inc 2019 - 2021
- What are the functionality harms chosen by snakebite envenomation patients responding to the Patient Specific Functional Scale? awarded by BTG International Inc 2019 - 2021
- Snakebite Management Presentation at ACEP Conference awarded by BTG International Inc 2019 - 2020
- Fab Antivenom Treatment in Copperhead Envenomation: Shared Decision Making awarded by BTG International Inc 2019 - 2020
- Crotaline Snakebite Management: Clinical Implications of a New Clinical Trail awarded by BTG International Inc 2017
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study comparing CroFab versus Placebo with Rescue Treatment for Copperhead Snake Envenomation awarded by BTG International Inc 2013 - 2016
- Early Administration of Crofab in Copperhead Snake Envenomation awarded by BTG International Inc 2016
- Shared Decision Making - Copperhead Interactive Working Session awarded by BTG International Inc 2016
- Interprofessional Disaster Preparedness Training awarded by Health Resources and Service Administration 2005 - 2007
External Relationships
- BTG Specialty Pharmaceuticals
- Ophirex, Inc
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Appendicitis, Marat, Deborah B. Diercks, Eric J. Adkins, Nicholas Harrison, Peter E. Sokolove, Heemun Kwok, Stephen J. Wolf, et al. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Appendicitis: Approved by ACEP Board of Directors February 1, 2023. (Accepted)” Annals of Emergency Medicine 81, no. 6 (June 2023): e115–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.01.015.
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  - American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Kaeli, Jonathan H. Valente, John D. Anderson, William F. Paolo, Kelly Sarmiento, Christian A. Tomaszewski, Jason S. Haukoos, et al. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Management of Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Approved by ACEP Board of Directors, February 1, 2023 Clinical Policy Endorsed by the Emergency Nurses Association (April 5, 2023).” Ann Emerg Med 81, no. 5 (May 2023): e63–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.01.014.
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  - Rocha, Thiago Augusto Hernandes, Lincoln Luís Silva, Fan Hui Wen, Jacqueline Sachett, Anna Tupetz, Catherine Ann Staton, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, and Charles John Gerardo. “River dataset as a potential fluvial transportation network for healthcare access in the Amazon region.” Sci Data 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2023): 188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02085-3.
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  - Murta, Felipe, Eleanor Strand, Altair Seabra de Farias, Felipe Rocha, Alícia Cacau Santos, Evellyn Antonieta Tomé Rondon, Ana Paula Silva de Oliveira, et al. “"Two Cultures in Favor of a Dying Patient": Experiences of Health Care Professionals Providing Snakebite Care to Indigenous Peoples in the Brazilian Amazon.” Toxins (Basel) 15, no. 3 (March 3, 2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030194.
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  - Strand, Eleanor, Felipe Murta, Anna Tupetz, Loren Barcenas, Ashley J. Phillips, Altair Seabra Farias, Alícia Cacau Santos, et al. “Perspectives on snakebite envenoming care needs across different sociocultural contexts and health systems: A comparative qualitative analysis among US and Brazilian health providers.” Toxicon X 17 (March 2023): 100143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100143.
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  - Oliveira, Isadora S., Manuela B. Pucca, Felipe A. Cerni, Samuel Vieira, Jacqueline Sachett, Altair Seabra de Farias, Marcus Lacerda, et al. “Snakebite envenoming in Brazilian children: clinical aspects, management and outcomes.” J Trop Pediatr 69, no. 2 (February 6, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmad010.
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  - Abouyannis, Michael, Hanif Esmail, Mainga Hamaluba, Mwanajuma Ngama, Hope Mwangudzah, Noni Mumba, Betty K. Yeri, et al. “A global core outcome measurement set for snakebite clinical trials.” Lancet Glob Health 11, no. 2 (February 2023): e296–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00479-X.
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  - Carter, Rebecca W., Charles J. Gerardo, Stephen P. Samuel, Surendra Kumar, Suneetha D. Kotehal, Partha P. Mukherjee, Farshad M. Shirazi, et al. “The BRAVO Clinical Study Protocol: Oral Varespladib for Inhibition of Secretory Phospholipase A2 in the Treatment of Snakebite Envenoming.” Toxins (Basel) 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010022.
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  - Beck, Timothy P., Anna Tupetz, Altair Seabra Farias, Alexandre Silva-Neto, Thiago Rocha, Emily R. Smith, Felipe Murta, et al. “Mapping of clinical management resources for snakebites and other animal envenomings in the Brazilian Amazon.” Toxicon X 16 (December 2022): 100137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100137.
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  - Dahm, Philipp, Alex Koziarz, Charles J. Gerardo, Daniel K. Nishijima, Jae Hung Jung, Simranjeet Benipal, and Ali S. Raja. “A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical signs, symptoms, and imaging findings in patients with suspected renal colic.” J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 3, no. 6 (December 2022): e12831. https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12831.
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  - Nascimento, Thaís P., Alexandre Vilhena Silva-Neto, Djane Clarys Baia-da-Silva, Patrícia Carvalho da Silva Balieiro, Antônio Alcirley da Silva Baleiro, Jacqueline Sachett, Lisele Brasileiro, et al. “Pregnancy outcomes after snakebite envenomations: A retrospective cohort in the Brazilian Amazonia.” Plos Negl Trop Dis 16, no. 12 (December 2022): e0010963. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010963.
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  - Kelly, Patrick E., and Charles J. Gerardo. “Delayed Recognition of Severe Systemic Envenomation after Copperhead Bite: A Case Report.” Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 6, no. 3 (August 2022): 244–47. https://doi.org/10.5811/cpcem2022.6.56592.
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  - J Gerardo, Charles, Andrew W. Godfrey, and Spencer Greene. “Antivenom Does Not Cause Snakebite Complications, Withholding It Does.” Am Surg 88, no. 6 (June 2022): 1381–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348221082289.
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  - Rocha, Gisele Dos Santos, Altair Seabra Farias, João Arthur Alcântara, Vinícius Azevedo Machado, Felipe Murta, Fernando Val, Joseir Saturnino Cristino, et al. “Validation of a Culturally Relevant Snakebite Envenomation Clinical Practice Guideline in Brazil.” Toxins (Basel) 14, no. 6 (May 28, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14060376.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., Daniel E. Keyler, Malin Rapp-Olson, and Richard C. Dart. “Control of venom-induced tissue injury in copperhead snakebite patients: a post hoc sub-group analysis of a clinical trial comparing F(ab')2 to Fab antivenom.” Clin Toxicol (Phila) 60, no. 4 (April 2022): 521–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2021.1973489.
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  - Staton, Catherine A., João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Deena El-Gabri, Konyinsope Adewumi, Tessa Concepcion, Shannon A. Elliott, Daniel R. Evans, et al. “Patient-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harms in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-summary.” Plos Med 19, no. 4 (April 2022): e1003961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003961.
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  - Tupetz, Anna, Loren K. Barcenas, Ashley J. Phillips, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, and Charles J. Gerardo. “BITES study: A qualitative analysis among emergency medicine physicians on snake envenomation management practices.” Plos One 17, no. 1 (2022): e0262215. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262215.
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  - Tupetz, Anna, Ashley J. Phillips, Patrick E. Kelly, Loren K. Barcenas, Eric J. Lavonas, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, and Charles J. Gerardo. “Contextualizing the Impact of Snakebite Envenoming on Patients: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Patient-Specific Functional Scale Activities Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.” Int J Environ Res Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189608.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., Elizabeth Silvius, Seth Schobel, John C. Eppensteiner, Lauren M. McGowan, Eric A. Elster, Allan D. Kirk, and Alexander T. Limkakeng. “Association of a Network of Immunologic Response and Clinical Features With the Functional Recovery From Crotalinae Snakebite Envenoming.” Front Immunol 12 (2021): 628113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.628113.
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  - Wolf, S. J., R. Byyny, C. R. Carpenter, D. B. Diercks, S. R. Gemme, C. J. Gerardo, S. A. Godwin, et al. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Management of Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.” Annals of Emergency Medicine 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): e1–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.10.024.
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  - El-Gabri, Deena, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Brian J. Meier, Mark Mvungi, Michael Haglund, Monica Swahn, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Charles J. Gerardo, and Catherine A. Staton. “Alcohol stigma as it relates to drinking behaviors and perceptions of drink drivers: A mixed method study in Moshi, Tanzania.” Alcohol 88 (November 2020): 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.04.005.
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  - Wolf, S. J., R. Byyny, C. R. Carpenter, D. B. Diercks, S. R. Gemme, C. J. Gerardo, S. A. Godwin, et al. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues Related to Opioids in Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department.” Annals of Emergency Medicine 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): e13–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.06.049.
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  - Safeek, R., T. Hill, A. Hendricks, D. Underwood, M. Washington, J. Guidici, T. Wong, C. Gerardo, C. Hicks, and M. McKellar. “Testing for HIV infection in the emergency departments of 2 hospitals in the Southeastern United States.” Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open 1, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 487–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12102.
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  - Gerardo, Charles. “Need for better evidences and methodological aspects of clinical trials in snakebites.” Toxicon 177 Suppl 1 (April 20, 2020): S18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.10.077.
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  - Lavonas, Eric J., Victoria E. Anderson, and Charles J. Gerardo. “In reply to Dr. Shah and Dr. Beuhler.” Clin Toxicol (Phila) 58, no. 3 (March 2020): 223–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1641607.
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  - Hertz, Julian T., Godfrey L. Kweka, Gerald S. Bloomfield, Alexander T. Limkakeng, Zak Loring, Gloria Temu, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Charles J. Gerardo, and Francis M. Sakita. “Patterns of Emergency Care for Possible Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Patients with Chest Pain or Shortness of Breath at a Tanzanian Referral Hospital.” Glob Heart 15, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 9. https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.402.
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  - El-Gabri, Deena, Loren K. Barcenas, Brian Meier, Mark Mvungi, Michael Haglund, Charles J. Gerardo, Joao Ricardo N. Vissoci, and Catherine A. Staton. “Injury patients' perceptions of drink-driving: A qualitative assessment of drink-driving behavior in Moshi, Tanzania.” Plos One 15, no. 5 (2020): e0230662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230662.
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  - Ye, Jinny Jing, João Felipe Hermann Costa Scheidt, Luciano de Andrade, Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha, Hui Wen Fan, Wuelton Monteiro, Ricardo Palacios, Catherine Ann Staton, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, and Charles John Gerardo. “Antivenom accessibility impacts mortality and severity of Brazilian snake envenomation: a geospatial information systems analysis,” 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.13.20211730.
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  - Zimmerman, Armand, Samara Fox, Randi Griffin, Taylor Nelp, Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz, Mark Mvungi, Blandina T. Mmbaga, et al. “An analysis of emergency care delays experienced by traumatic brain injury patients presenting to a regional referral hospital in a low-income country.” Plos One 15, no. 10 (2020): e0240528. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240528.
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  - Theophanous, Rebecca G., Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Fan Hui Wen, S Michelle Griffin, Victoria E. Anderson, Michael E. Mullins, Nicklaus P. Brandehoff, et al. “Validity and reliability of telephone administration of the patient-specific functional scale for the assessment of recovery from snakebite envenomation.” Plos Negl Trop Dis 13, no. 12 (December 2019): e0007935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007935.
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  - American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Acute Headache:, Stephen J., Steven A. Godwin, David S. Cherkas, Peter D. Panagos, Richard D. Shih, Richard Byyny, and Stephen J. Wolf. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Acute Headache.” Ann Emerg Med 74, no. 4 (October 2019): e41–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.07.009.
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  - Lavonas, Eric J., Victoria E. Anderson, and Charles J. Gerardo. “Response to carpenter and colleagues.” Clin Toxicol (Phila) 57, no. 7 (July 2019): 674–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1554816.
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  - Freiermuth, Caroline E., Eric J. Lavonas, Victoria E. Anderson, Kurt C. Kleinschmidt, Kapil Sharma, Malin Rapp-Olsson, Charles Gerardo, and Charles Copperhead Recovery Workgroup. “Antivenom Treatment Is Associated with Fewer Patients using Opioids after Copperhead Envenomation.” West J Emerg Med 20, no. 3 (May 2019): 497–505. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.3.42693.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., João R. N. Vissoci, C Scott Evans, David L. Simel, and Eric J. Lavonas. “Does This Patient Have a Severe Snake Envenomation?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.” Jama Surg 154, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 346–54. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2018.5069.
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  - Lavonas, Eric J., and Charles J. Gerardo. “Letter to the editor: "Safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in copperhead snakebite patients" by Pham and Mullins, Clin Toxicol 2018 May 18.” Clin Toxicol (Phila) 57, no. 2 (February 2019): 144–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1502445.
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  - Anderson, Victoria E., Charles J. Gerardo, Malin Rapp-Olsson, Sean P. Bush, Michael E. Mullins, Spencer Greene, Eric A. Toschlog, et al. “Early administration of Fab antivenom resulted in faster limb recovery in copperhead snake envenomation patients.” Clin Toxicol (Phila) 57, no. 1 (January 2019): 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1491982.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., Joao R. N. Vissoci, Leonardo P. de Oliveira, Victoria E. Anderson, Eugenia Quackenbush, Brandon Lewis, S Rutherfoord Rose, et al. “The validity, reliability and minimal clinically important difference of the patient specific functional scale in snake envenomation.” Plos One 14, no. 3 (2019): e0213077. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213077.
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  - Mullins, Michael E., Charles J. Gerardo, Sean P. Bush, S Rutherfoord Rose, Spencer Greene, Eugenia B. Quackenbush, Brandon Lewis, et al. “Adverse Events in the Efficacy of Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab Antivenom vs Placebo in Recovery from Copperhead Snakebite Trial.” South Med J 111, no. 12 (December 2018): 716–20. https://doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000902.
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  - American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Suspected Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes:, Michael D., Christian A. Tomaszewski, David Nestler, Kaushal H. Shah, Amita Sudhir, and Michael D. Brown. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes.” Ann Emerg Med 72, no. 5 (November 2018): e65–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.07.045.
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  - Hocker, Michael B., Charles J. Gerardo, B Jason Theiling, John Villani, Rebecca Donohoe, Hirsh Sandesara, and Alexander T. Limkakeng. “NHAMCS Validation of Emergency Severity Index as an Indicator of Emergency Department Resource Utilization.” West J Emerg Med 19, no. 5 (September 2018): 855–62. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2018.7.37556.
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  - Nguyen, TuanDat, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Treasure Joelson, Msafiri Pesambili, Michael Haglund, Charles J. Gerardo, Mark Mvungi, and Catherine A. Staton. “Injury prevalence and safety habits of boda boda drivers in Moshi, Tanzania: A mixed methods study.” Plos One 13, no. 11 (2018): e0207570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207570.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., and Eric J. Lavonas. “In reply.” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 6 (December 2017): 931–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.09.041.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., and Eric J. Lavonas. “In reply.” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 6 (December 2017): 929–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.08.003.
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  - American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Reperfusion Therapy for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Michael D., Susan B. Promes, Jonathan M. Glauser, Michael D. Smith, Sam S. Torbati, and Michael D. Brown. “Clinical Policy: Emergency Department Management of Patients Needing Reperfusion Therapy for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 724–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.09.035.
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  - Brown, Michael D., John H. Burton, Devorah J. Nazarian, Susan B. Promes, and Susan B. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Correction: Correction to 'Clinical Policy: Use of Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator for the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Emergency Department' [Annals of Emergency Medicine 66 (2015) 322-333.e31].” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.039.
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  - Diercks, Deborah B., Susan B. Promes, Jeremiah D. Schuur, Kaushal Shah, Jonathan H. Valente, Stephen V. Cantrill, and Stephen V. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Correction: Correction to 'Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Patients With Suspected Acute Nontraumatic Thoracic Aortic Dissection' [Annals of Emergency Medicine 65 (2015) 32-42.e12].” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.040.
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  - Godwin, Steven A., John H. Burton, Charles J. Gerardo, Benjamin W. Hatten, Sharon E. Mace, Scott M. Silvers, Francis M. Fesmire, and Francis M. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Correction: Correction to 'Clinical Policy: Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department' [Annals of Emergency Medicine 63 (2014) 247-258.e18].” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.042.
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  - Hahn, Sigrid A., Susan B. Promes, Michael D. Brown, and Michael D. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Correction: Correction to 'Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Initial Evaluation and Management of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department in Early Pregnancy' [Annals of Emergency Medicine 69 (2017) 241-250.e20].” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.035.
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  - Lo, Bruce M., Christopher R. Carpenter, Benjamin W. Hatten, Brian J. Wright, Michael D. Brown, and Michael D. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Correction: Correction to 'Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation of Adult Patients With Suspected Transient Ischemic Attack in the Emergency Department' [Annals of Emergency Medicine 68 (2016) 354-370.e29].” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.037.
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  - Mace, Sharon E., Seth R. Gemme, Jonathan H. Valente, Barnet Eskin, Katherine Bakes, Deena Brecher, Michael D. Brown, and Michael D. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Correction: Correction to 'Clinical Policy for Well-Appearing Infants and Children Younger Than 2 Years of Age Presenting to the Emergency Department With Fever' [Annals of Emergency Medicine 67 (2016) 625-639.e13].” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.038.
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  - Wolf, Stephen J., Gerald E. Maloney, Richard D. Shih, Bradley D. Shy, Michael D. Brown, and Michael D. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Correction: Correction to 'Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning' [Annals of Emergency Medicine 69 (2017) 98-107.e6].” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 5 (November 2017): 758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.036.
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  - Krebs, Elizabeth, Charles J. Gerardo, Lawrence P. Park, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Jean Claude Byiringiro, Fidele Byiringiro, Stephen Rulisa, Nathan M. Thielman, and Catherine A. Staton. “Erratum to "Mortality-Associated Characteristics of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda" [World Neurosurgery 102 (2017) 571-582].” World Neurosurg 106 (October 2017): 1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.07.148.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., Eugenia Quackenbush, Brandon Lewis, S Rutherfoord Rose, Spencer Greene, Eric A. Toschlog, Nathan P. Charlton, et al. “The Efficacy of Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) Antivenom Versus Placebo Plus Optional Rescue Therapy on Recovery From Copperhead Snake Envenomation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial.” Ann Emerg Med 70, no. 2 (August 2017): 233-244.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.04.034.
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  - Krebs, Elizabeth, Charles J. Gerardo, Lawrence P. Park, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Jean Claude Byiringiro, Fidele Byiringiro, Stephen Rulisa, Nathan M. Thielman, and Catherine A. Staton. “Mortality-Associated Characteristics of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda.” World Neurosurg 102 (June 2017): 571–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.03.001.
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  - American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on the Adult Psychiatric Patient, Michael D., Devorah J. Nazarian, Joshua S. Broder, Molly E. W. Thiessen, Michael P. Wilson, Leslie S. Zun, and Michael D. Brown. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of the Adult Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department.” Ann Emerg Med 69, no. 4 (April 2017): 480–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.01.036.
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  - Staton, Catherine A., Daniel Msilanga, George Kiwango, Joao Ricardo Vissoci, Luciano de Andrade, Rebecca Lester, Michael Hocker, Charles J. Gerardo, and Mark Mvungi. “A prospective registry evaluating the epidemiology and clinical care of traumatic brain injury patients presenting to a regional referral hospital in Moshi, Tanzania: challenges and the way forward.” Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 24, no. 1 (March 2017): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2015.1061562.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., Joao R Nickenig Vissoci, Michael W. J. Brown, and Sean P. Bush. “Coagulation parameters in copperhead compared to other Crotalinae envenomation: secondary analysis of the F(ab')2 versus Fab antivenom trial.” Clin Toxicol (Phila) 55, no. 2 (February 2017): 109–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2016.1250275.
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  - American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:, Michael D., Stephen J. Wolf, Gerald E. Maloney, Richard D. Shih, Bradley D. Shy, and Michael D. Brown. “Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.” Ann Emerg Med 69, no. 1 (January 2017): 98-107.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.11.003.
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  - Patel, Anjni, Mateus Mazorra Coelho Vieira, John Abraham, Nick Reid, Tu Tran, Kevin Tomecsek, João Ricardo N. Vissoci, Stephanie Eucker, Charles J. Gerardo, and Catherine A. Staton. “Quality of the Development of Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review.” Plos One 11, no. 9 (2016): e0161554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161554.
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  - Kopec, Kathryn T., May Yen, Matthew Bitner, C Scott Evans, and Charles J. Gerardo. “Marked Hypofibrinogenemia and Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) Envenomation.” Wilderness Environ Med 26, no. 4 (December 2015): 488–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2015.07.002.
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  - Lavonas, Eric J., Charles J. Gerardo, and Charles J. Copperhead Snakebite Recovery Outcome Group. “Prospective study of recovery from copperhead snake envenomation: an observational study.” Bmc Emerg Med 15 (May 15, 2015): 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-015-0033-6.
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  - Brys, Adam K., Brad M. Gandolfi, Howard Levinson, and Charles J. Gerardo. “Copperhead Envenomation Resulting in a Rare Case of Hand Compartment Syndrome and Subsequent Fasciotomy.” Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 3, no. 5 (May 2015): e396. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000000367.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., Eric J. Lavonas, and Ross E. McKinney. “Ethical considerations in design of a study to evaluate a US Food and Drug Administration-approved indication: antivenom versus placebo for copperhead envenomation.” Clin Trials 11, no. 5 (October 2014): 560–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774514543538.
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  - Godwin, Steven A., John H. Burton, Charles J. Gerardo, Benjamin W. Hatten, Sharon E. Mace, Scott M. Silvers, Francis M. Fesmire, and Francis M. American College of Emergency Physicians. “Clinical policy: procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department.” Ann Emerg Med 63, no. 2 (February 2014): 247-58.e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.10.015.
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  - Casey, Erica R., Florida Muro, Nathan M. Thielman, Elifuraha Maya, Eric W. Ossmann, Michael B. Hocker, and Charles J. Gerardo. “Analysis of traumatic injuries presenting to a referral hospital emergency department in Moshi, Tanzania.” Int J Emerg Med 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2012): 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1865-1380-5-28.
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  - Srygley, F Douglas, Charles J. Gerardo, Tony Tran, and Deborah A. Fisher. “Does this patient have a severe upper gastrointestinal bleed?” Jama 307, no. 10 (March 14, 2012): 1072–79. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.253.
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  - Hocker, Michael B., John J. Villani, Joseph B. Borawski, Christopher S. Evans, Scott M. Nelson, Charles J. Gerardo, and Alex T. Limkakeng. “Dental visits to a North Carolina emergency department: a painful problem.” N C Med J 73, no. 5 (2012): 346–51.
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  - Chandra, Abhinav, Sandra Sieck, Michael Hocker, Charles J. Gerardo, John Villani, Dean Harrison, Arnold Boardwine, and Alexander Limkakeng. “An observation unit may help improve an institution's Press Ganey satisfaction score.” Crit Pathw Cardiol 10, no. 2 (June 2011): 104–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/HPC.0b013e31821c5da8.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., Seth W. Glickman, Steven N. Vaslef, Abhinav Chandra, Ricardo Pietrobon, and Charles B. Cairns. “The rapid impact on mortality rates of a dedicated care team including trauma and emergency physicians at an academic medical center.” J Emerg Med 40, no. 5 (May 2011): 586–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.08.056.
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  - Kessler, Chad S., Evie G. Marcolini, Gillian Schmitz, Charles J. Gerardo, Glenn Burns, Brian DelliGatti, Catherine A. Marco, et al. “Off-service resident education in the emergency department: outline of a national standardized curriculum.” Acad Emerg Med 16, no. 12 (December 2009): 1325–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00605.x.
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  - Springhart, W Patrick, Charles G. Marguet, Roger L. Sur, Regina D. Norris, Fernando C. Delvecchio, Matthew D. Young, Paula Sprague, Charles A. Gerardo, David M. Albala, and Glenn M. Preminger. “Forced versus minimal intravenous hydration in the management of acute renal colic: a randomized trial.” J Endourol 20, no. 10 (October 2006): 713–16. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2006.20.713.
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  - Kravitz, Joel, and Charles J. Gerardo. “Copperhead snakebite treated with crotalidae polyvalent immune fab (ovine) antivenom in third trimester pregnancy.” Clin Toxicol (Phila) 44, no. 3 (2006): 353–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650600584725.
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  - Lavonas, Eric J., Charles J. Gerardo, Gerald O’Malley, Thomas C. Arnold, Sean P. Bush, William Banner, Mark Steffens, and William P. Kerns. “Initial experience with Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom in the treatment of copperhead snakebite.” Ann Emerg Med 43, no. 2 (February 2004): 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.08.009.
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- Other Articles
  - Evans, C Scott, and Charles J. Gerardo. “The copperhead coagulopathy conundrum.” Ann Emerg Med, April 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.12.026.
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  - Broder, Joshua S., Kevin J. Tomecsek, and Charles J. Gerardo. “Urinary infection in male patients with acute nephrolithiasis: should we hunt for a rare bird?” Ann Emerg Med, May 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.01.036.
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- Conference Papers
  - Dahm, Philipp, Alex Koziarz, Charles J. Gerardo, Simranjeet Benipal, Daniel K. Nishijima, Jae Hung Jung, and Ali S. Raja. “A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, PREDICTION RULES AND IMAGING MODALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED RENAL COLIC.” In Journal of Urology, 206:E948–E948, 2021.
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  - Campos, M., G. Rego, C. A. Staton, R. N. J. Vissoci, and C. J. Gerardo. “SNAKE ENVENOMATION CLINICAL OUTCOME MEASURES VARY WIDELY AND ARE NOT PATIENT-CENTERED: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CLINICAL STUDIES.” In Toxicon, 182:S14–15, 2020.
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  - Fernandes, N. C., J. R. N. Vissoci, E. J. Lavonas, and C. J. Gerardo. “THE VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND MINIMAL CLINICALLY IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE OF THE SF-36 PHYSICAL FUNCTION DIMENSION AND THE PROMIS-10 GLOBAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT IN SNAKE ENVENOMATION.” In Toxicon, 182:S20–S20, 2020.
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  - Gerardo, C. J., D. E. Keyler, A. M. Rapp-Olsson, J. I. I. I. Schwarz, and R. C. Dart. “Post Hoc Analysis of the RCT Comparing F(ab ')(2)to Fab Antivenom: Control of Venom-induced Tissue Injury in Copperhead Snakebite Patients.” In Annals of Emergency Medicine, 76:S29–S29, 2020.
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  - Gerardo, C. J., E. Silvius, S. Schobel, J. Eppensteiner, L. McGowan, A. T. Limkakeng, A. D. Kirk, and E. A. Elster. “ASSOCIATION OF A CYTOKINE RESPONSE NETWORK WITH FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY FROM SNAKEBITE ENVENOMING.” In Toxicon, 182:S15–16, 2020.
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  - Kelly, P. E., and C. J. Gerardo. “A CASE OF SEVERE SYSTEMIC COPPERHEAD ENVENOMATION WITH DELAYED DIAGNOSIS.” In Toxicon, 182:S17–S17, 2020.
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  - Lavonas, Eric J., Randy I. Burnham, John Schwarz, Eugenia Quackenbush, Brandon Lewis, S Rutherfoord Rose, Spencer Greene, et al. “Recovery from Copperhead Snake Envenomation: Role of Age, Sex, Bite Location, Severity, and Treatment.” In J Med Toxicol, 16:17–23, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-019-00733-y.
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  - Tupetz, A., L. Barcenas, A. J. Phillips, J. R. Vissoci, and C. J. Gerardo. “Physician Perceptions Impacting Snake Envenomation Treatment.” In Annals of Emergency Medicine, 76:S56–57, 2020.
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  - Vissoci, J. R. N., A. Tupetz, A. J. Phillips, P. E. Kelly, E. J. Lavonas, and C. J. Gerardo. “WHAT ACTIVITIES DO SNAKEBITE ENVENOMATION PATIENTS CHOOSE TO ASSESS DYSFUNCTION?” In Toxicon, 182:S16–17, 2020.
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  - Wen, F. H., W. M. Monteiro, J. F. Scheidt, L. Andrade, J. Ye, C. A. Staton, C. J. Gerardo, and J. R. N. Vissoci. “GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND HEALTH CARE DISPARITIES OF SCORPION STINGS IN BRAZIL.” In Toxicon, 182:S24–25, 2020.
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  - Lavonas, E. J., R. I. Burnham, J. Schwarz, and C. J. Gerardo. “336 Recovery From Copperhead Snake Envenomation: Role of Age, Sex, Bite Location, Severity, and Treatment.” In Annals of Emergency Medicine, 74:S132–33. Elsevier BV, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.295.
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  - Anderson, V. E., C. J. Gerardo, E. J. Lavonas, M. R. Olsson, K. C. Kleinschmidt, K. Sharma, and C. Freiermuth. “ANTIVENOM ADMINISTRATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER OPIOID USE IN COPPERHEAD SNAKEBITE PATIENTS.” In Toxicon, 150:325–325. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2018.
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  - Gerardo, C. J., J. R. N. Vissoci, V. E. Anderson, K. Sharma, K. C. Kleinschmidt, M. E. Mullins, N. P. Brandehoff, S. Greene, and E. J. Lavonas. “The validity, reliability and minimal clinically important difference of the patient specific functional scale in snake envenomation.” In Toxicon, 150:325–26. Elsevier BV, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.033.
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  - Ye, J. J., J. F. Scheidt, C. A. Staton, L. Andrade, J. R. N. Vissoci, and C. J. Gerardo. “Low socioeconomic development impacts treatment of snake envenomation in Brazil.” In Toxicon, 150:331–32. Elsevier BV, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.051.
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  - Ye, J. J., J. R. N. Vissoci, T. R. Hernandes, N. M. Toomey, C. A. Staton, and C. J. Gerardo. “162 Access to a Health Care Facility Impacts Mortality in Brazilian Snake Envenomation: A Geospatial Information Systems Analysis.” In Annals of Emergency Medicine, 70:S65–S65. Elsevier BV, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.189.
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  - Anderson, Victoria, Malin Rapp-Olsson, Thomas King, Charles J. Gerardo, and Eric J. Lavonas. “Early FabAV treatment improves time to full limb function recovery in patients with copperhead envenomation.” In Clinical Toxicology, 55:692–692. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017.
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  - Theophanous, Rebecca G., Joao R. Vissoci, Victoria E. Anderson, Eric J. Lavonas, and Charles J. Gerardo. “TELEPHONE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PATIENT SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL SCALE (PSFS): A VALID, RELIABLE, AND PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME IN GLOBAL SNAKEBITE RESEARCH.” In American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97:157–58. AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, 2017.
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  - Gerardo, Charles J., and Eric J. Lavonas. “THE EFFICACY OF EARLY FAB ANTIVENOM VERSUS PLACEBO PLUS OPTIONAL RESCUE THERAPY ON RECOVERY FROM COPPERHEAD SNAKE ENVENOMATION.” In Toxicon, 117:104–104. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016.
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  - Setji, Noppon, David Gallagher, Matthew Rougeux, Charles Gerardo, Lalit Verma, Suzanne Sawyer, Nancia Odom, Joan Oliver, Frank Demarco, and Adia Ross. “A full house: Re-shuffling our transfer strategy to better manage capacity across Duke Hospitals,” 2016.
    Open Access Copy
  - Mullins, M. E., C. J. Gerardo, and E. J. Lavonas. “Incidence of hypersensitivity reactions following copperhead snakebites treated with Fab AV or placebo.” In Clinical Toxicology, Vol. 8. Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2016.
  - Anderson, V. E., R. I. Burnham, S. M. Gillman, C. A. Daugherty, C. J. Gerardo, and E. J. Lavonas. “Validation of Patient Specific Functional Scale in Copperhead Snakebite Patients.” In Clinical Toxicology, 53:649–649. TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015.
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  - Gallagher, David, Adam Wachter, Noppon Setji, Edward Lamay, Brian Burrows, Andrew Pickens, Charles Gerardo, et al. “CUTTING OUR ‘LOS’SES: HOSPITALIST & EMERGENCY MEDICINE MULTIDISCIPLINARY PARTNERSHIP TO IMPROVE ED THROUGHPUT,” 2015.
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  - Gerardo, C. J., C. S. Evans, M. Kuchibhatia, W. G. Drake, J. D. Mando-Vandrick, M. Yen, K. T. Kopec, and E. J. Lavonas. “Time to Antivenom Administration in Snakebite.” In Annals of Emergency Medicine, 62:S44–S44. MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2013.
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  - Srygley, Fletcher D., Charles J. Gerardo, Tony H. Tran, and Deborah A. Fisher. “Systematic Review of Clinical Factors to Differentiate Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.” In Gastroenterology, 140:S209–S209. W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2011.
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  - Srygley, Fletcher D., Charles J. Gerardo, Tony H. Tran, and Deborah A. Fisher. “Systematic Review of Pre-Endoscopic Factors Predictive of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Requiring Urgent Intervention.” In Gastroenterology, 140:S209–S209. W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2011.
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  - Lavonas, E. J., W. P. Kerns, C. J. Gerardo, W. Richardson, K. Whitlow, and D. J. Berkoff. “328: Long-Term Limb Function Outcomes Following Copperhead Snakebite.” In Annals of Emergency Medicine, 52:S141–42. Elsevier BV, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.354.
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  - Gerardo, C. J., S. N. Vaslef, A. Chandra, C. McCormick, R. Pietrobon, and C. B. Cairns. “The impact of specialty trained emergency medicine and trauma teams on trauma mortality rates at an academic level I trauma center.” In Annals of Emergency Medicine, 48:S102–S102. MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2006.
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