Scholars@Duke
Cynthia Keene Shortell

Cynthia Keene Shortell

Professor of Surgery
Surgery, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
cynthia.shortell@duke.edu
Box 3538 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
7682A HAFS Bldg, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Long-term risk of carotid stenosis and cerebrovascular disease after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.

Conference Cancer · January 1, 2025 BACKGROUND: Recipients of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) are at significantly increased risk for carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We sought to determine (1) cumulative incidences of CAS and CVD among H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Carotid Artery Disease

Book · January 1, 2025 Carotid Artery Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment is an essential, practical, and comprehensive resource for surgeons, doctors, medical trainees, and advanced medical practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with carotid artery disea ... Full text Cite

Variation in Oral Board Examination Accommodations Among Specialties.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · May 1, 2024 IMPORTANCE: Board certification can have broad implications for candidates' career trajectories, and prior research has found sociodemographic disparities in pass rates. Barriers in the format and administration of the oral board examinations may dispropor ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A minimally invasive approach for management of pancreaticoduodenal artery and gastroduodenal artery aneurysm with celiac artery occlusion.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech · September 2023 Management of pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms (PDAAs) and gastroduodenal artery aneurysms (GDAAs) with concomitant celiac occlusion represents a challenging clinical scenario. Here, we describe a 62-year-old female with PDAA and GDAA complicated by ce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Systematic review of endovascular versus laparoscopic extravascular stenting for treatment of nutcracker syndrome.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · March 2023 OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the current strategies of endovascular and laparoscopic extravascular stenting for symptomatic compression of the left renal vein (LRV), most frequently between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery ... Full text Link to item Cite

Venous Ulcers, Second Edition

Book · January 1, 2022 Venous Ulcers, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive synthesis of evidence-based recommendations and the highest level of expertise from a leading group of doctors, which is a fundamental constituent for the appropriate management of nonhealing venous w ... Full text Cite

Overview of Venous Disorders

Chapter · January 1, 2022 Venous disorders are among the most prevalent medical conditions in the Western world. Understanding of the nominal venous anatomy and normal venous hemodynamics is the first and fundamental step in understanding pathophysiology of various venous disorders ... Full text Cite

Treatment of Chronic Venous Disorders

Chapter · January 1, 2022 Chronic venous disease of the lower extremities is one of the most common diseases in Western Europe and the United States. The nonoperative approach to patients with chronic venous disease includes lifestyle modification, compression, and pharmacologic th ... Full text Cite

Nutcracker Syndrome

Chapter · January 1, 2022 Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) represents a constellation of symptoms caused by extrinsic compression of the left renal vein (LRV) by surrounding anatomic structures (most commonly between the aorta and the overlying superior mesenteric artery (SMA)) or by stre ... Full text Cite

Venous malformations.

Journal Article The Journal of cardiovascular surgery · October 2021 The often inexorable growth and expansion of congenital vascular malformations can result in substantial morbidity and, in some cases, premature death of these patients. Despite this, patients suffering from such lesions are often erroneously diagnosed and ... Full text Cite

Gonadal vein transposition is a safe and effective treatment of nutcracker syndrome.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · May 2021 BACKGROUND: Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a pelvic venous disorder that results from outflow obstruction of the left renal vein, most often due to a decreased aortomesenteric angle, leading to gonadal vein reflux, pain, and varices. Although a number of ope ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebral monitoring during transcarotid artery revascularization with flow reversal via transcranial doppler ultrasound examination.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 2021 OBJECTIVE: Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a hybrid technique for carotid artery revascularization that relies on proximal carotid occlusion with flow reversal for distal embolic protection. The hemodynamic response of the intracranial circ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and efficacy of foam sclerotherapy for treatment of low-flow vascular malformations in children.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · November 2020 OBJECTIVE: Congenital vascular malformations are a heterogeneous group of lesions with the potential to cause significant lifelong morbidity in children. Diagnosis and treatment of these lesions may be complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. Scle ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward.

Journal Article Am J Surg · August 2020 • Surgeons have a long tradition of leading research into pandemics. • Examples include Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Snow, John Hunter, Walter Reed. • We should leverage this history to lead efforts fighting COVID-19. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and Feasibility of Simultaneous Transcarotid Revascularization With Flow Reversal and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Concomitant Carotid Artery Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease.

Journal Article Vasc Endovascular Surg · July 2020 OBJECTIVE: The management of patients with combined severe carotid artery and coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. Transcarotid stenting with flow reversal (TCAR) is a novel hybrid technique for carotid revascularization. We sought to investigat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hybrid approach to chronic and acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia with retrograde stenting of the superior mesenteric artery via jejunal arterial access

Journal Article Vascular Disease Management · June 1, 2020 Since its introduction, endovascular stenting of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) has been utilized as a technically feasible, safe, and efficient alternative to open surgery for patients with acute, chronic, and acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia re ... Cite

The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · May 2020 The CEAP (Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology) classification is an internationally accepted standard for describing patients with chronic venous disorders and it has been used for reporting clinical research findings in scientific journals. Develope ... Full text Link to item Cite

Negative pressure wound therapy reduces surgical site infections.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · March 2020 OBJECTIVE: Surgical site infection (SSI) with lower extremity incisions represents a modifiable source of major morbidity. Our institutional bundled care protocol to decrease SSI includes optimization of perioperative risk factors, dedicated wound closure ... Full text Link to item Cite

Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome.

Journal Article JBJS Rev · January 2020 » Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a commonly misdiagnosed condition that should be considered in patients presenting with exertional lower-extremity pain. » In addition to a focused physical examination, the ankle-brachial index and advanced imagin ... Full text Link to item Cite

An analysis of the vascular injuries and attempted resuscitation surrounding the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 2019 Martin Luther King Jr was the most prominent civil rights leader in the United States in the 1960s. He was shot by an assassin in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. After the shooting he was taken to a local hospital where he had an unsuccessful resusci ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Impact of Surgical Amputation and Valproic Acid on Pain and Functional Trajectory: Results from the Veterans Integrated Pain Evaluation Research (VIPER) Randomized, Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Journal Article Pain Med · October 1, 2019 OBJECTIVE: To determine if the perioperative administration of valproic acid reduces the incidence of chronic pain three months after amputation or revision surgery. DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Academic ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Carotid stenting and endarterectomy and contralateral carotid occlusion.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · September 2019 BACKGROUND: The presence of contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) has been controversial throughout the history of carotid intervention. Some studies cite a higher stroke risk in the setting of CCO, whereas other studies document no difference in stroke ri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Reduces Surgical Site Infections

Conference Journal of Vascular Surgery · August 2018 Full text Cite

Emergency General Surgery-A Misnomer?

Journal Article Am Surg · July 1, 2018 Emergency general surgery (EGS) is defined as the urgent assessment and treatment of nontrauma, general surgical emergencies involving adults. Acute surgical emergencies often represent the most common reason for hospital admission with diagnoses, includin ... Link to item Cite

The risk of carotid stenosis in head and neck cancer patients after radiation therapy.

Journal Article Oral Oncol · May 2018 OBJECTIVES: Head and neck radiotherapy (RT) is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate carotid artery stenosis (CAS) incidence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing RT, characterizing ass ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phlebectomy Techniques for Varicose Veins.

Journal Article Surg Clin North Am · April 2018 Ambulatory phlebectomy is a well-known and widely used procedure for residual symptomatic venous disease. Tumescent anesthesia complements the procedure, providing the ability to perform this intervention in a wide range of practice settings. The procedure ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low mortality rates after endovascular aortic repair expand use to high-risk patients.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · February 2018 OBJECTIVE: The 2010 endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) trial 2 (EVAR 2) reported that patients with comorbidity profiles rendering them unfit for open aneurysm repair who underwent EVAR did not experience a survival advantage compared with those who did n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tips for Contemporary Management of Congenital Arteriovenous Malformations

Journal Article Vascular Disease Management · June 1, 2017 Cite

Report of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum on the July 20, 2016 meeting of the Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee panel on lower extremity chronic venous disease.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · May 2017 On July 20, 2016, a Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee panel assessed the benefits and risks of currently used lower extremity chronic venous disease (CVD) treatments and their effects on health outcome of the American adult popu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Laparotomy during endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms increases mortality.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · February 2017 OBJECTIVE: Subset analyses from small case series suggest patients requiring laparotomy during endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (REVAR) have worse survival than those undergoing REVAR without laparotomy. Most concomitant laparotom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Morbidity and healthcare costs of vascular anomalies: a national study.

Journal Article Pediatr Surg Int · February 2017 PURPOSE: This study aimed to define morbidities and costs related to modern-day medical care for children with vascular anomalies. METHODS: We reviewed the 2003-2009 Kids' Inpatient Database for pediatric patients (age < 21 years) hospitalized with hemangi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meta-analysis of individual-patient data from EVAR-1, DREAM, OVER and ACE trials comparing outcomes of endovascular or open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm over 5 years.

Journal Article Br J Surg · February 2017 BACKGROUND: The erosion of the early mortality advantage of elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) compared with open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm remains without a satisfactory explanation. METHODS: An individual-patient data meta-analysis of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perioperative Optimization of Geriatric Lower Extremity Bypass in the Era of Increased Performance Accountability.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · January 2017 BACKGROUND: The initiation of bundled payment for care improvement by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has led to increased financial and performance accountability. As most vascular surgery patients are elderly and reimbursed via CMS, impr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Overview of Venous Disorders

Chapter · January 1, 2017 Venous disorders are among the most common conditions in the Western world. To understand the various venous disorders, it is important to understand the normal anatomy. Venous disorders can be divided into acute and chronic. Acute venous disorders are ent ... Full text Cite

Long-term Cost-effectiveness in the Veterans Affairs Open vs Endovascular Repair Study of Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA Surg · December 1, 2016 IMPORTANCE: Because of the similarity in clinical outcomes after elective open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), cost may be an important factor in choosing a procedure. OBJECTIVE: To compare total and AAA-related use of health ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gonadal Vein Transposition in the Treatment of Nutcracker Syndrome

Conference Journal of Vascular Surgery · September 2016 Full text Cite

Right gonadal vein transposition for the treatment of anterior nutcracker syndrome in a patient with left-sided inferior vena cava.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · July 2016 In this report we describe a patient with anterior renal nutcracker syndrome caused by extrinsic compression of the left-sided inferior vena cava between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, as it crossed the midline, with resultant left renal vei ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validated prediction model for severe groin wound infection after lower extremity revascularization procedures.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · February 2016 BACKGROUND: Groin wound infection is a costly and morbid event after lower extremity revascularization. To date, a comprehensive and validated method for identifying patients who are at greatest risk for this complication has yet to be developed. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

An update on critical limb ischemia with Cynthia Shortell, MD

Journal Article Vascular Disease Management · January 1, 2016 Cite

Mycotic Saccular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in an Infant after Cardiac Catheterization: A Case Report.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · October 2015 Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a rare entity in the pediatric population. Children with mycotic (infectious) AAA in particular are at risk of life-threatening rupture due to their rapid expansion coupled with aortic wall thinning and deterioration. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Salvage of Exposed Groin Vascular Grafts with Early Intervention Using Local Muscle Flaps.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open · September 2015 BACKGROUND: Peripheral vascular surgery may be complicated by wound infection and potential graft exposure in the groin area. Muscle flap coverage of the graft has been promoted to address these wound complications. The authors present their findings regar ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Risk factors for cranial nerve injury after carotid endarterectomy.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · August 2015 BACKGROUND: Although numerous studies have described the incidence of postoperative cranial nerve injury (CNI) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA), there have been few attempts to identify risk factors for this complication. METHODS: The 2012 CEA-targeted A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eversion Versus Conventional Carotid Endarterectomy: Both Winners

Conference Journal of Vascular Surgery · June 2015 Full text Cite

Multidisciplinary treatment of extremity arteriovenous malformations.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · April 2015 Congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) are a complex group of lesions that arise by embryologic dysmorphogenesis without increased endothelial proliferation that leads to structural and functional anomalies of the vascular system characterized by a wide ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Malformations. Consensus Document of the International Union of Phlebology (IUP): updated 2013.

Journal Article Int Angiol · April 2015 Venous malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular developmental anomalies (birth defects) . These defects are caused by developmental arrest of the venous system during various stages of embryogenesis. VMs remain a difficult diagnostic and therapeuti ... Link to item Cite

Medical management of venous ulcers.

Journal Article Semin Vasc Surg · March 2015 Venous disease is the most common cause of chronic leg ulceration and represents an advanced clinical manifestation of venous insufficiency. Due to their frequency and chronicity, venous ulcers have a high socioeconomic impact, with treatment costs account ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of 30-day postoperative stroke or death after carotid endarterectomy using the 2012 carotid endarterectomy-targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 2015 OBJECTIVE: This study used a recently released procedure-targeted multicenter data source to determine independent predictors of postoperative stroke or death in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for carotid artery stenosis. METHODS: The 201 ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of intraoperative shunting on early neurologic outcomes after carotid endarterectomy.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 2015 BACKGROUND: Although the need for intraoperative shunting during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is intensely debated, relatively few studies have compared the neurologic outcomes of patients undergoing CEA with or without shunts. The objective of our analysi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spliced arm vein grafts are a durable conduit for lower extremity bypass.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · 2015 BACKGROUND: Many patients with peripheral vascular disease (PAD) requiring revascularization do not have adequate ipsilateral great saphenous vein (GSV) for constructing a bypass because of intrinsic vein disease or prior harvesting for limb or coronary by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Atypical aortic thrombus: should nonoperative management be first line?

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · October 2014 BACKGROUND: Aortic thrombus in the absence of atherosclerotic plaque or aneurysm is rare, and its optimal management remains unclear. Although atypical aortic thrombus (AAT) has been historically managed operatively, successful nonoperative strategies have ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of surgical revascularization for lower extremity arterial thromboembolism in patients with advanced malignancy.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · October 2014 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes of surgical revascularization for lower extremity arterial thromboembolism in patients with advanced malignancy. METHODS: The 2005-2011 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quali ... Full text Link to item Cite

Emerging role of contrast-enhanced MRI in diagnosing vascular malformations.

Journal Article Future Cardiol · July 2014 Vascular malformations comprise a diverse and rare group of lesions which generally pose a formidable treatment challenge. Requisite for optimal surgical planning are imaging modalities capable of delineating involved anatomy and malformation flow characte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply: Letter to the editor

Other Journal of Vascular Surgery Venous and Lymphatic Disorders · January 1, 2014 Full text Cite

Low-flow vascular malformations

Chapter · January 1, 2014 Congenital vascular malformations (CVM) are a group of unique vascular disorders that can be defined as “diffuse or localized embryologically developed errors of vascular morphogenesis leading to true structural anomalies” The presence of CVM in the genera ... Full text Cite

Phlebology, vein surgery and ultrasonography: Diagnosis and management of venous disease

Book · January 1, 2014 This comprehensive, up-to-date textbook offers detailed coverage of venous anatomy, pathophysiology, imaging, and management of venous pathology, leading the practitioner through all aspects of care of the venous patient. The various techniques that have r ... Full text Cite

Invited commentary.

Other J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · October 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Multicenter assessment of the repeatability and reproducibility of the revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS).

Journal Article J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord · July 2013 BACKGROUND: The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) was designed and validated as an objective measure of disease severity in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD). Recently, a revision of the VCSS (rVCSS) was performed to resolve ambiguity in the c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for early failure of surgical amputations: an analysis of 8,878 isolated lower extremity amputation procedures.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · April 2013 BACKGROUND: There are very few data currently published on risk factors for early failure of lower extremity amputation procedures. STUDY DESIGN: All patients from the 2005-2010 American College of Surgeons NSQIP database who underwent isolated lower extre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomics of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency.

Journal Article Semin Vasc Surg · March 2013 Recent sequencing of the human genome has opened up new areas of investigation for genetic aberrations responsible for the pathogenesis of many human diseases. To date, there have been no studies that have investigated the entire human genome for the genet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consensus Document of the International Union of Angiology (IUA)-2013. Current concept on the management of arterio-venous management.

Journal Article Int Angiol · February 2013 Arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) that result from birth defects involving the vessels of both arterial and venous origins, resulting in direct communications between the different size vessels or a meshwork o ... Link to item Cite

Gore/Apple

Other Journal of Surgical Radiology · December 21, 2012 Cite

Analysis of the treatment of congenital vascular malformations using a multidisciplinary approach.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 2012 BACKGROUND: Vascular malformations are a rare and complex group of lesions which may present serious pitfalls in diagnosis and management. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our imaging protocol and therapeutic algorithm in the treatment of l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Venous thromboembolism after hepatic resection: analysis of 5,706 patients.

Journal Article J Gastrointest Surg · September 2012 OBJECTIVE: The routine use of venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis after hepatic surgery remains controversial due to the relatively low incidence of this complication and the significant risk of perioperative bleeding. The objective of our analys ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional versus general anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program perspective.

Journal Article Surgery · September 2012 BACKGROUND: The ideal anesthetic technique for carotid endarterectomy remains a matter of debate. This study used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to evaluate the influence of anesthesia modality on outcomes af ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients with vascular malformations.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · September 2012 OBJECTIVE: Vascular malformations are uncommon but may confer significant morbidity. Limitations in diagnosis and treatment result from inadequate classification schema and diagnostic algorithms. The crucial distinction is between high-flow and low-flow le ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis and management of ileocolic pseudoaneurysms.

Journal Article Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther · September 2012 Ileocolic pseudoaneurysmal disease is a rare splanchnic aneurysm that affects 3 out of 100 000 patients, and only 7 cases have been described in the past 40 years in patients without preexisting connective tissue disorders. Abdominal pain is the most commo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting outcomes using the National Trauma Data Bank: optimum management of traumatic blunt carotid and blunt thoracic injury.

Journal Article Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther · September 2012 INTRODUCTION: We used the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) to examine the incidence of blunt thoracic and carotid trauma nationally and survival outcomes based on treatment approach. METHODS: All vascular traumas were identified from the 2008 NTDB. Interna ... Full text Link to item Cite

A 6-year experience treating vascular malformations with foam sclerotherapy.

Journal Article Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther · June 2012 In this study, the authors present an analysis of the outcomes of 105 low-flow vascular malformation patients treated over a 6-year period and report specific lesion characteristics that correlate with those vascular malformations that will benefit from so ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of endovascular simulator training on vascular surgery as a career choice in medical students.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · May 2012 OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study was to determine whether exposure to endovascular simulator training increases interest in vascular surgery among medical students. Secondary goals were to determine whether interest in vascular surgery is inversel ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel scoring system for predicting postoperative venous thromboembolic complications in patients after open aortic surgery.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · April 2012 BACKGROUND: Although the overall incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after open aortic surgery is low, it is not known whether specific factors can place patients at increased risk for this complication. The goal of our study was to identify patient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical trainee participation during infrainguinal bypass grafting procedures is associated with increased early postoperative graft failure.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · March 2012 OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the potential effect of surgical trainee participation during infrainguinal bypass procedures on postoperative graft patency rates. METHODS: Data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment of primary varicose veins has changed with the introduction of new techniques.

Journal Article Semin Vasc Surg · March 2012 New technologies have produced a revolution in primary varicose vein treatments. Duplex ultrasound is now used for preoperative diagnosis, postoperative surveillance, and during many procedures. Ultrasound has also altered our understanding of the pathophy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chiva

Journal Article Vasomed · December 1, 2011 Cite

Editorial

Other Journal of Surgical Radiology · December 1, 2011 Cite

Editorial

Other Journal of Surgical Radiology · December 1, 2011 Cite

New paradigms for physician-industry relations: overview and application for SVS members.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · September 2011 Relationships between physicians and their industry partners have ranged from spectacular collaborations that produce extraordinary advances in patient care, such as endovascular aneurysm repair, to humiliating scandals such as extravagant trips and bogus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Industry relations.

Other J Vasc Surg · September 2011 Full text Link to item Cite

Conflicts of interest for medical publishers and editors: protecting the integrity of scientific scholarship.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · September 2011 Competition of interest may exist at all levels in the medical publication process. Ensuring the integrity of scientific scholarship involves protecting editorial independence, promoting the use of scientific arbitration boards, promoting transparency thro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Editorial

Other Journal of Surgical Radiology · January 1, 2011 Cite

Clinical significance of cerebrovascular gas emboli during polidocanol endovenous ultra-low nitrogen microfoam ablation and correlation with magnetic resonance imaging in patients with right-to-left shunt.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 2011 BACKGROUND: Foam generated by manual agitation of liquid sclerosant with air or gas is routinely utilized to treat refluxing veins. Although generally well tolerated, serious neurological events have been reported. The composition and properties of the foa ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency on the outcome of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Journal Article Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther · December 2010 The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) and renal insufficiency (RI) on outcomes following endovascular abdominal aneurysms repair (EVAR). The surgical outcomes associated with endovascular repair in 12 451 patients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Revision of the venous clinical severity score: venous outcomes consensus statement: special communication of the American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working Group.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 2010 In response to the need for a disease severity measurement, the American Venous Forum committee on outcomes assessment developed the Venous Severity Scoring system in 2000. There are three components of this scoring system, the Venous Disability Score, the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Editorial: October 2010

Other Journal of Surgical Radiology · October 1, 2010 Cite

Truncal vein ablation for laser: Radial firing at high wavelength is the key?

Journal Article Italian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · September 1, 2010 Endovenous laser ablation at wavelengths between 810 nm and 1 470 nm is effective at ablating pathologic saphenous veins. Serious complications, such as clot extension into deep veins and permanent nerve injury, are rare, occurring in less than 1% of patie ... Cite

CHIVA.

Journal Article Semin Vasc Surg · June 2010 Based on a theoretical hemodynamic model, CHIVA (conservative hemodynamic cure for venous insufficiency) is an ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive surgical strategy performed under local anesthesia for the treatment of patients with varicose vein disease ... Full text Link to item Cite

Editorial: July 2010

Journal Article Journal of Surgical Radiology · January 1, 2010 Full text Cite

Incorporating outpatient venous procedures into a vascular surgery practice.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · July 2009 The use of endovenous procedures to treat superficial venous reflux disease in an exclusively outpatient setting has been growing in popularity during the last decade. Incorporating outpatient venous procedures into an existing vascular surgery practice is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Update on radiofrequency ablation.

Journal Article Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther · June 2009 The two currently available methods to achieve ablation of incompetent veins using radiofrequency energy are radiofrequency ablation (VNUS Closure Plus(tm)) and radiofrequency powered segmental ablation (VNUS Closure Fast(tm)). Both treatment modalities ex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endovenous laser ablation: strategies for treating multilevel disease.

Journal Article Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther · June 2009 Since its introduction in 1999 and FDA approval in 2002, endovenous laser ablation has been widely accepted to effectively treat superficial venous reflux, with minimal side effects. Anatomically, any combination of superficial, perforator and deep venous ... Full text Link to item Cite

Congenital jugular vein phlebectasia: a case report and review of the literature.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · September 2008 Fusiform dilation of the jugular vein, or jugular venous phlebectasia, is a rare clinical entity, with an etiology of cervical swelling. We present a case of a 15-year-old male with no antecedent history of trauma and an enlarging right neck mass. Pertinen ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of race and insurance type on the outcome of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · June 2008 BACKGROUND: Although mortality and complication rates for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have declined over the last 20 years, operative complication rates and perioperative mortality are still high, specifically for repair of ruptures. The goal of this s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Importance of gender-specific role models in vascular surgery.

Journal Article Vascular · 2008 The percentage of female physicians selecting vascular surgery for residency and/or fellowship lags behind percentages in general surgery selections. A number of factors, such as mentorship, gender biases, lifestyle, and job characteristics, have been prop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preventing chronic venous insufficiency with lysis and/or thrombectomy

Conference JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY · February 1, 2007 Link to item Cite

Endovascular techniques for superficial vein ablation in treatment of venous ulcers

Chapter · January 1, 2007 This chapter discusses the endovascular techniques for superficial vein ablation in treatment of venous ulcers. The advent of endovenous therapies for superficial venous reflux is rendering older surgical therapies obsolete. The role of endovenous therapy ... Full text Cite

Foam treatment of venous leg ulcers

Chapter · January 1, 2007 This chapter discusses the foam treatment of venous leg ulcers. When leg ulcers caused by venous insufficiency develop, surgery becomes the dominant method of treatment. Foam sclerotherapy is performed in the office setting, since neither anesthesia nor an ... Full text Cite

Endovascular treatment of varicose veins.

Journal Article Semin Vasc Surg · June 2006 Within the past 5 years, radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser treatment have been introduced as important new endovenous ablative techniques for the minimally invasive treatment of superficial venous reflux and varicose veins. Although sclerotherap ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcome after autogenous brachial-basilic upper arm transpositions in the post-National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative era.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 2005 BACKGROUND: The Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI)-inspired push to create autogenous fistulas has led to a resurgence of interest in basilic vein transposition as an autogenous access conduit. We reviewed our experience with autogenous brachial-b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implications of early failure of superficial femoral artery endoluminal interventions.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · November 2005 Although the long-term (>30 days) effects of endoluminal treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease have been well studied, the implications of early (< or =30 days) failure are still unclear. We examined the consequences of early failure after ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stacked proximal aortic cuffs: an "off-the-shelf" solution for treating focal thoracic aortic pathology.

Journal Article J Endovasc Ther · October 2005 PURPOSE: To report our early experience with the endovascular placement of stacked Zenith main body extensions (cuffs) in the treatment of focal thoracic aortic pathology in high-risk patients. METHODS: Between January 2003 and May 2004, 6 patients (3 men; ... Full text Link to item Cite

Percutaneous and open renal revascularizations have equivalent long-term functional outcomes.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · March 2005 Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is a significant cause of poorly controlled hypertension and progressive renal dysfunction leading to ischemic nephropathy and other end-organ damage. The optimal treatment of renovascular disease contributing to hyper ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemodynamics of distal revascularization-interval ligation.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · March 2005 Distal revascularization-interval ligation (DRIL) empirically corrects steal after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation in most cases, but because there is no topologic alteration in anatomy, it is unclear as to why it is effective. To explore this issue, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Percutaneous angioplasty and stenting of the superficial femoral artery.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · February 2005 OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to examine factors predictive of success or failure after percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) and stenting (S) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and to compare the results of PTA/S with a contemporary group of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Popliteal-to-distal bypass: identifying risk factors associated with limb loss and graft failure.

Journal Article Vasc Endovascular Surg · 2005 Modern therapy, including endoluminal procedures and improved medical management, still yield less than desired results for tibial vessel occlusive disease. Despite the recent focus on these newer interventions, few modern series have evaluated the efficac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of computer simulation for determining endovascular skill levels in a carotid stenting model.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · December 2004 OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether performance on a simulator model of carotid artery stenting correlates with previous endovascular experience and to assess the effects of repetition and training. METHODS: Participants were str ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of panoramic radiographs in the medical surveillance of a patient at risk for stroke: case report.

Journal Article Gen Dent · 2004 Positive carotid calcifications on a panoramic radiograph were found to be in agreement with significant carotid stenosis as determined by duplex ultrasound examination. As dentists are expected to be aware of systemic health conditions that they identify ... Link to item Cite

Acute aortic dissection presenting as rupture of the femoral artery.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · January 2004 A 44-year-old male with Marfan's disease presented acutely with severe chest and left groin pain. A pulsatile mass was present in the left groin and the left leg was pale and pulseless. CT imaging demonstrated the presence of a distal thoracic aortic disse ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemodynamic benefits of regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · February 2002 OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to define differences in perioperative hemodynamics and associated outcomes in patients who undergo carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with regional and general anesthesia. METHODS: All the patients who underwent CEA du ... Full text Link to item Cite

EEG changes during awake carotid endarterectomy.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · January 2002 To determine the reason for differing shunt rates based on electroencephalographic (EEG) and neurologic changes during general and regional anesthetic, respectively, we compared simultaneous EEG tracings and neurologic status in 135 patients undergoing car ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and efficacy of limited-dose tissue plasminogen activator in acute vascular occlusion.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 2001 OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of limited-dose tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in patients with acute vascular occlusion and to compare these results with those obtained in equivalent patients receiving u ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reperfusion and compartment syndromes: strategies for prevention and treatment.

Journal Article Semin Vasc Surg · June 2001 Reperfusion syndrome refers to the damage done by restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissues and is distinct from the original ischemic insult itself, whereas compartment syndrome refers to the damage resulting from increased pressure within an enclosed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol withdrawal after open aortic surgery.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · May 2001 This study was designed to test the hypothesis that unexpected alcohol withdrawal-like syndrome (AWLS) is more common following aortic, but not other, vascular or nonvascular procedures. All patients undergoing open aortic surgery at our institution in 199 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduction in wound morbidity rates following endoscopic saphenous vein harvest.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · January 2001 To determine whether less-invasive saphenous vein harvest reduces morbidity in patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass, we retrospectively compared 61 patients undergoing endoscopic harvest (ENDO) with 49 patients undergoing conventional harvest (OPEN) ov ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combined free tissue transfer and infrainguinal bypass graft: an alternative to major amputation in selected patients.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 2001 OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to document outcome and adverse prognostic factors in patients requiring combined free tissue transfer and distal bypass grafting for otherwise nonreconstructible infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease and advanc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eversion endarterectomy of the carotid artery: technical considerations and recurrent stenoses.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · December 2000 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of residual and recurrent lesions after eversion endarterectomy of the carotid artery (E-CE) and compare these results with those following endarterectomy and patch closure (CE-P). METHO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · May 2000 Full text Link to item Cite

Irradiation for intimal hyperplasia: implications for peripheral arterial bypass.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · March 2000 Irradiation has been shown to inhibit postangioplasty intimal hyperplasia ("restenosis") in unbranched tubes. It seems likely that irradiation will similarly be able to inhibit intimal hyperplasia after a surgical anastomosis at a biochemical and cellular ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanical versus chemical thrombolysis: an in vitro differentiation of thrombolytic mechanisms.

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · February 2000 PURPOSE: To assess differing mechanisms of thrombolysis determining time to reperfusion, completeness of thrombus dissolution, and embolic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro perfusion model designed to mimic arterial flow conditions was created. ... Full text Link to item Cite

An endoluminal method of hemorrhage control and repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Journal Article J Endovasc Ther · February 2000 PURPOSE: To report our initial experience with endovascular grafting to treat ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). METHODS: Three consecutive patients with severe comorbid illnesses and symptoms of aneurysm rupture and hemodynamic instability were t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mechanical versus chemical thrombolysis: An in vitro differentiation of thrombolytic mechanisms

Journal Article Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · 2000 PURPOSE: To assess differing mechanisms of thrombolysis determining time to reperfusion, completeness of thrombus dissolution, and embolic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro perfusion model designed to mimic arterial flow conditions was created. ... Cite

Photoplethysmography and calf muscle pump function after subfascial endoscopic perforator ligation.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · December 1999 OBJECTIVE: Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) results in acceptable healing and recurrence rates. The role of hemodynamic venous testing in this situation, however, is poorly understood and inconsistently used. Our ongoing experience was revie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Femoral-infrapopliteal bypass with prosthetic grafts.

Journal Article Surgery · October 1999 BACKGROUND: Patients who require prosthetic infrapopliteal of the lower extremity have historically had dismal long-term results. This study examined the outcome of patients undergoing femoral-distal arterial bypass with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e ... Link to item Cite

Thrombolytic therapy for arterial thrombosis.

Journal Article Curr Opin Hematol · September 1999 The major development in the field of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy over the past year was the publication of the phase II results of the Thrombolysis or Peripheral Arterial Surgery study, which compared the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Altered hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 activity following surgical stress

Conference Critical Care Medicine · January 1, 1999 NTRODUCTION: Cytochrome P450 3A4 (3A4) is a crucial drug-metabolizing enzyme and perturbations in activity due to the stress response may result in pharmacokinetic changes. The effects on 3A4 activity of three surgical procedures were studied. METHODS: 16 ... Full text Cite

Clinical review: irradiation for lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.

Journal Article Cardiovasc Radiat Med · 1999 Lower extremity atherosclerosis, a disease of aging, is both widespread and increasing in prevalence-it is estimated that almost 100,000 patients per year in the United States require operative bypass for lower extremity ischemia. It is an axiom of vascula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intracerebral hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy: incidence, contribution to neurologic morbidity, and predictive factors.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 1999 PURPOSE: With a diminishing rate of cardiac and neurologic events after carotid endarterectomy, intracerebral hemorrhage is gaining increasing importance as a cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. To date, information has been largely anecdotal, ... Full text Link to item Cite

A model for merging vascular surgery and interventional radiology: clinical and economical implications.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · December 1998 BACKGROUND: The traditional separation of vascular surgery and interventional radiology into distinct units is associated with inefficiencies in patient care, practice management, and training. Traditional departmental politics, discrepant clinical backgro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fetal internal iliac artery: case report and embryologic review.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · December 1998 A 25-year-old woman with anomalous circulation to the right leg was seen with a symptomatic aneurysm of the abnormal vessel. The artery, which did share some features of the classic persistent sciatic artery, also had important differences that were not pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

A condemnation of subcutaneous fasciotomy.

Journal Article Mil Med · November 1998 Controversy exists regarding the indications and methods for lower-extremity fasciotomy. Two recent cases at our institution in which recurrent, acute limb-threatening ischemia occurred despite adequate fascial division have convinced us that in certain si ... Link to item Cite

Value of preoperative EEG for carotid endarterectomy.

Journal Article Cardiovasc Surg · October 1998 PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether the preoperative, baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used for intraoperative decision making during carotid endarterectomy, and to identify circumstances where the EEG can be eliminated. METHODS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ruptured popliteal artery aneurysm.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · April 1998 Popliteal artery aneurysms rarely rupture. We treated a 91-year-old man who presented with a deep venous thrombosis and anemia; rupture of a popliteal artery aneurysm was suspected only after compartment syndrome isolated to the thigh developed as the resu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of streptokinase, urokinase, and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in an in vitro model of venous thrombolysis.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 1995 PURPOSE: Presumed differences in the thrombolytic activity and fibrinolytic specificity of the three commonly used thrombolytic agents, streptokinase, urokinase, and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), are based on clinical study results, whe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential mechanisms of failure of autogenous and non-autogenous bypass conduits: an assessment following successful graft thrombolysis.

Journal Article Cardiovasc Surg · October 1995 The advent of graft thrombolysis has provided an objective means for evaluating the etiology of graft occlusion. Over a 10-year period, intra-arterial urokinase (102 cases) or streptokinase (seven cases) was used in 109 infrainguinal conduits (30 autogenou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Operative management of coexistent aortic disease and horseshoe kidney.

Journal Article Ann Vasc Surg · January 1995 The presence of horseshoe kidney in conjunction with abdominal aortic disease significantly increases the technical difficulty of aortic reconstruction. Preservation of the renal blood supply and collecting system during the surgical procedure is the goal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute peripheral arterial occlusion: predictors of success in catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy.

Journal Article Radiology · November 1994 PURPOSE: To determine predictors of clot dissolution in patients undergoing catheter-directed urokinase thrombolysis for peripheral arterial occlusion (PAO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 103 patients with limb-threatening symptoms of embolism ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of thrombolytic therapy with operative revascularization in the initial treatment of acute peripheral arterial ischemia.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · June 1994 PURPOSE: Despite the widespread use of intraarterial thrombolytic therapy for peripheral arterial occlusive disease, a randomized study comparing its efficacy with that of operative intervention has never been performed. This study evaluates the potential ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasminogen acceleration of urokinase thrombolysis.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · February 1994 PURPOSE: A relative deficiency of plasminogen within the thrombus may be the rate limiting factor in clot lysis. METHODS: To investigate this hypothesis, we used an in vitro perfusion system and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft segments filled with r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Venous ulcers.

Journal Article Am J Surg · January 1994 Successful therapy of venous ulcers combines local wound treatment modalities and ambulatory hemodynamic support to control the underlying disease. Compression bandaging reduces or eliminates edema, and a moist wound environment not only debrides necrotic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative autotransfusion in aortic surgery.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · July 1993 PURPOSE: Intraoperative autotransfusion is frequently used in aortic surgery, despite the paucity of data regarding its safety and efficacy. This study was designed to compare whole blood autotransfusion with homologous transfusion for the replacement of b ... Full text Link to item Cite

An animal model of fibrinolytic bleeding based on the rebleed phenomenon: application to a study of vulnerability of hemostatic plugs of different age.

Journal Article Thromb Res · July 1, 1992 The primary bleeding time is prolonged when tested during the infusion of both plasminogen activators and anticoagulants, and such sites frequently exhibit rebleeding after initial hemostatic control. This study describes an animal (rabbit) model which dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Future alternatives to heparin: low-molecular-weight heparin and hirudin.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · April 1992 The antithrombotic effects of standard heparin were compared with those of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and hirudin by use of an in vitro perfusion system. Fresh blood collected from human volunteers was treated with varying doses of these three age ... Link to item Cite

An evaluation of new methods of expressing aortic aneurysm size: relationship to rupture.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 1992 The diameter of aortic aneurysms were standardized to measures of patient size and normal aortic size in an effort to define indexes that might be more predictive of aneurysm rupture than raw aneurysm diameter alone. Normal aortic diameters were measured i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vascular disease in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a comparison with the patient population with atherosclerosis.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · January 1992 The antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed in 19 of 1078 patients treated between 1987 and 1991. All patients with antiphospholipid syndrome had either anticardiolipin antibody (16/19) or lupus anticoagulant (10/19); three patients had thrombocytopenia, e ... Full text Link to item Cite

The hemodynamics of thrombus formation in arteries.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · December 1991 Alterations in arterial blood flow are thought to predispose to thrombus formation, but the exact relationships have not been fully elucidated. The effect of varying blood flows on the accumulation of thrombotic material within arteries was investigated, w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Popliteal artery aneurysms: a 25-year surgical experience.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · December 1991 Operative repair was undertaken for 51 popliteal aneurysms in 39 patients between 1958 and 1990. Operation was performed on an emergency basis in 19 extremities with limb-threatening ischemia and as an elective procedure in 32 extremities. Cumulative limb ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia.

Journal Article Surg Gynecol Obstet · November 1991 Hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia are benign lesions of the liver. The incidence of these conditions has been increasing since 1970. Hepatic adenoma primarily affects young women of childbearing age who have a long history of using oral contrac ... Link to item Cite

Low dose heparin therapy: in vitro verification of antithrombotic effect.

Journal Article J Vasc Surg · November 1991 Low dose heparin therapy has been used routinely for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis, yet in vitro data regarding its antithrombotic effects are sparse. The effects of heparin on venous thrombus formation were studied in an in vitro perfusion system. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Carcinoma of the parathyroid gland: a 30-year experience.

Journal Article Surgery · October 1991 Eleven patients with parathyroid carcinoma and 186 patients with parathyroid adenoma were seen between 1958 and 1990. Significant differences (p less than 0.01) were found between the two groups in calcium and parathormone levels, lesion size, presence of ... Link to item Cite