Debra Travers | Scholars@Duke

Debra Travers
Associate Consulting Professor in the School of Nursing

Dr. Travers is the lead faculty for the MSN-Informatics program at Duke University School of Nursing. Previously she was on the faculty of the University of North Carolina in the Schools of Nursing and Medicine (Emergency Medicine). She has expertise in emergency department triage, ED clinical data systems development and evaluation, population research using ED data, and informatics.

Dr. Travers has a strong foundation of clinical experience as an emergency nurse, informaticist and educator. In addition to over 30 years’ clinical emergency nursing experience, she has a master’s in Nursing Management and a doctorate in Information Science and a certificate in Health Outcomes. She was instrumental in refining and disseminating the Emergency Severity Index triage system, a patient acuity index that is widely used to improve the safety of clinical care and to facilitate health services research such as the study of ED crowding.

As a researcher Dr. Travers has worked extensively to facilitate secondary uses of ED data for health services and clinical research, syndromic surveillance and quality improvement. She collaborates with Operations and Statistics researchers, analytics developers and ED managers. She led the early development of syndromic surveillance in North Carolina as the original principal investigator of the CDC-funded project that created what is now called the North Carolina Disease Event and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT.org).

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Consulting Professor in the School of Nursing, School of Nursing, Duke University 2020

Contact Information

debbie.travers@duke.edu

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2003
Recognition
Awards & Honors
- Fellow, American Medical Informatics Association. American Medical Informatics Association. 2022
- Fellow, Association of Emergency Nursing. Emergency Nurses Association. 2005
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Carda-Auten, Jessica, Elena A. Dirosa, Catherine Grodensky, Kathryn M. Nowotny, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Debbie Travers, Mersedes Brown, Steve Bradley-Bull, Colleen Blue, and David L. Rosen. “Jail Health Care in the Southeastern United States From Entry to Release.” Milbank Q 100, no. 3 (September 2022): 722–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12569.
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  - Reardon, Brandy, Mark Toles, Gary Cuddeback, and Debbie Travers. “Perceptions of ACT Team Members on the Implementation of Physical Health Services: A Qualitative Study.” Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, February 2022, 10783903221079800. https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903221079800.
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  - Best, Nakia C., Ann O. Nichols, Anna E. Waller, Meg Zomorodi, Bosny Pierre-Louis, Sonda Oppewal, and Debbie Travers. “Impact of School Nurse Ratios and Health Services on Selected Student Health and Education Outcomes: North Carolina, 2011-2016.” The Journal of School Health 91, no. 6 (June 2021): 473–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13025.
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  - Best, Nakia C., Ann O. Nichols, Sonda Oppewal, Bosny Pierre-Louis, Anna E. Waller, Meg Zomorodi, and Debbie Travers. “An Appraisal of School Nurse Health Services and Programs in North Carolina Public Schools, 2006-2016.” The Journal of School Nursing : The Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses 37, no. 3 (June 2021): 146–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840519899439.
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  - Rosen, David L., and Debbie Travers. “Emergency department visits among patients transported by law enforcement officers.” Plos One 16, no. 1 (January 2021): e0244679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244679.
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  - Platts-Mills, Timothy F., Karen Hurka-Richardson, Rayad B. Shams, Aileen Aylward, Joseph A. Dayaa, Melinda Manning, Laura Mosqueda, et al. “Multicenter Validation of an Emergency Department-Based Screening Tool to Identify Elder Abuse.” Ann Emerg Med 76, no. 3 (September 2020): 280–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.07.005.
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  - Chen, Wanyi, Benjamin Linthicum, Nilay Tanik Argon, Thomas Bohrmann, Kenneth Lopiano, Abhi Mehrotra, Debbie Travers, and Serhan Ziya. “The effects of emergency department crowding on triage and hospital admission decisions.” The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 38, no. 4 (April 2020): 774–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.06.039.
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  - Richmond, Natalie L., Sheryl Zimmerman, Bryce B. Reeve, Joseph A. Dayaa, Mackenzie E. Davis, Samantha B. Bowen, John A. Iasiello, et al. “Ability of Older Adults to Report Elder Abuse: An Emergency Department-Based Cross-Sectional Study.” J Am Geriatr Soc 68, no. 1 (January 2020): 170–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16211.
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  - Stone, Elizabeth L., Leslie L. Davis, Thomas P. McCoy, Debbie Travers, Elizabeth Van Horn, and Heidi V. Krowchuk. “A secondary analysis to inform a clinical decision rule for predicting skull fracture and intracranial injury in children under age 2.” Research in Nursing & Health 43, no. 1 (January 2020): 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21993.
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  - Worth, Murtis, Leslie L. Davis, Debra C. Wallace, Robin Bartlett, and Debbie Travers. “Are Emergency Departments in the United States Following Recommendations by the Emergency Severity Index to Promote Quality Triage and Reliability?” Journal of Emergency Nursing 45, no. 6 (November 2019): 677–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2019.05.006.
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  - Recznik, Catherine T., Lynn C. Simko, Debbie Travers, and Jessica Devido. “Pediatric Triage Education for the General Emergency Nurse: A Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing Simulation With Paper-Case Studies.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 45, no. 4 (July 2019): 394–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2019.01.009.
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  - Best, Nakia C., Sonda Oppewal, and Debbie Travers. “Response to Letter to the Editor for "Exploring School Nurse Interventions and Health and Education Outcomes: An Integrative Review".” The Journal of School Nursing : The Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses 34, no. 5 (October 2018): 343. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840518791230.
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  - English, Cara L., Kathryn R. Alden, Meg Zomorodi, Debbie Travers, and Malcolm S. Ross. “Evaluation of Content on Commonly Used Web sites About Induction of Labor and Pain Management During Labor.” Mcn. the American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing 43, no. 5 (September 2018): 271–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000455.
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  - Khairat, S. S., A. Dukkipati, H. A. Lauria, T. Bice, D. Travers, and S. S. Carson. “The impact of visualization dashboards on quality of care and clinician satisfaction: Integrative literature review.” Jmir Human Factors 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.2196/humanfactors.9328.
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  - Best, Nakia C., Sonda Oppewal, and Debbie Travers. “Exploring School Nurse Interventions and Health and Education Outcomes: An Integrative Review.” The Journal of School Nursing : The Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517745359.
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  - Platts-Mills, Timothy F., Joseph A. Dayaa, Bryce B. Reeve, Kayla Krajick, Laura Mosqueda, Jason S. Haukoos, Mehul D. Patel, et al. “Development of the Emergency Department Senior Abuse Identification (ED Senior AID) tool.” J Elder Abuse Negl 30, no. 4 (2018): 247–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2018.1460285.
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  - Chrisco, Lori, Debbie Travers, and Ernest J. Grant. “Evaluation of the New North Carolina Burn Registry.” Journal of Burn Care & Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association 38, no. 4 (July 2017): e765–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/bcr.0000000000000483.
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  - Pines, Jesse M., Mark S. Zocchi, Mary Elizabeth Buchanan, Manish N. Shah, and Debbie Travers. “The Utility of Point-of-Care Testing at Emergency Department Triage by Nurses in Simulated Scenarios.” Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal 39, no. 2 (April 2017): 152–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/tme.0000000000000140.
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  - Platts-Mills, Timothy F., Natalie L. Richmond, Eric M. LeFebvre, Sowmya A. Mangipudi, Allison G. Hollowell, Debbie Travers, Kevin Biese, Laura C. Hanson, and Angelo E. Volandes. “Availability of Advance Care Planning Documentation for Older Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.” Journal of Palliative Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 2017): 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2016.0243.
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  - Pines, Jesse M., Mark S. Zocchi, Mary-Elizabeth Buchanan, Khaled Alghamdi, Danielle Lazar, Alex Rosenau, Manish Shah, and Debbie Travers. “Creating ED point-of-care testing protocols: an expert panel and Delphi process.” The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 3 (March 2015): 463–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.12.018.
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  - Cater, Sarah Wallace, Matthew Luzum, Allison E. Serra, Meredith H. Arasaratnam, Debbie Travers, Ian B. K. Martin, Trent Wei, and Jane H. Brice. “A prospective cohort study of medication reconciliation using pharmacy technicians in the emergency department to reduce medication errors among admitted patients.” The Journal of Emergency Medicine 48, no. 2 (February 2015): 230–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.09.065.
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  - Travers, Debbie, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Steven J. Lippmann, Morris Weinberger, Karin B. Yeatts, Winston Liao, and Anna Waller. “Defining emergency department asthma visits for public health surveillance, North Carolina, 2008-2009.” Preventing Chronic Disease 11 (June 2014): E100. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.130329.
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  - Griffin, Elizabeth Stone, Steven J. Lippmann, Debbie A. Travers, and Elizabeth K. Woodard. “A matched-cohort study of pediatric head injuries: collecting data to inform an evidence-based triage assessment.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 40, no. 1 (January 2014): 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.07.001.
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  - Yeatts, Karin B., Steven J. Lippmann, Anna E. Waller, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Debbie Travers, Morris Weinberger, and James F. Donohue. “Population-based burden of COPD-related visits in the ED: return ED visits, hospital admissions, and comorbidity risks.” Chest 144, no. 3 (September 2013): 784–93. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-1899.
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  - Leak, Ashley, Deborah K. Mayer, Annah Wyss, Debbie Travers, and Anna Waller. “Why do cancer patients die in the emergency department?: an analysis of 283 deaths in NC EDs.” The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 30, no. 2 (March 2013): 178–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909112445306.
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  - Lich, Kristen Hassmiller, Debbie Travers, Wayne Psek, Morris Weinberger, Karin Yeatts, Winston Liao, Steven J. Lippmann, Levi Njord, and Anna Waller. “Emergency department visits attributable to asthma in North Carolina, 2008.” North Carolina Medical Journal 74, no. 1 (January 2013): 9–17.
  - Mayer, Deborah K., Debbie Travers, Annah Wyss, Ashley Leak, and Anna Waller. “Why do patients with cancer visit emergency departments? Results of a 2008 population study in North Carolina.” Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 19 (July 2011): 2683–88. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.34.2816.
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  - Platts-Mills, Timothy F., Debbie Travers, Kevin Biese, Brenda McCall, Steve Kizer, Michael LaMantia, Jan Busby-Whitehead, and Charles B. Cairns. “Accuracy of the Emergency Severity Index triage instrument for identifying elder emergency department patients receiving an immediate life-saving intervention.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 17, no. 3 (March 2010): 238–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00670.x.
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  - Gilboy, N., P. Tanabe, and D. A. Travers. “Erratum: The emergency severity index version 4: Reliability in pediatric patients (Pediatric Emergency Care 25:8).” Pediatric Emergency Care 25, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 808. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181c3844e.
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  - Travers, Debbie A., Anna E. Waller, Jessica Katznelson, and Robert Agans. “Reliability and validity of the emergency severity index for pediatric triage.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 16, no. 9 (September 2009): 843–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00494.x.
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  - duPont, Nefertiti C., Dayna Koeninger, Joseph D. Guyer, and Debbie Travers. “Selecting an electronic medical record system for small physician practices.” North Carolina Medical Journal 70, no. 5 (September 2009): 399–403.
  - Dara, Jagan, John N. Dowling, Debbie Travers, Gregory F. Cooper, and Wendy W. Chapman. “Evaluation of preprocessing techniques for chief complaint classification.” Journal of Biomedical Informatics 41, no. 4 (August 2008): 613–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2007.11.004.
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  - ESI Triage Research Team LLC, J., David Eitel, Nicki Gilboy, Alexander M. Rosenau, Paula Tanabe, and Debbie Travers. “Does this patient meet the criteria for Emergency Severity Index level 2?” Journal of Emergency Nursing 34, no. 4 (August 2008): 382–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2008.04.027.
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  - Hohenhaus, Susan McDaniel, Debbie Travers, and Nancy Mecham. “Pediatric triage: a review of emergency education literature.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 34, no. 4 (August 2008): 308–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2007.06.022.
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  - Travers, Debbie, and Larry Mandelkehr. “Emerging field of informatics.” North Carolina Medical Journal 69, no. 2 (March 2008): 127–31.
  - Scholer, Matthew J., George S. Ghneim, Shiying Wu, Matt Westlake, Debbie A. Travers, Anna E. Waller, Anne-Lyne McCalla, and Scott F. Wetterhall. “Defining and applying a method for improving the sensitivity and specificity of an emergency department early event detection system.” Amia ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. Amia Symposium, October 2007, 651–55.
  - Travers, Debbie, Shiying Wu, Matthew Scholer, Matt Westlake, Anna Waller, and Anne-Lyne McCalla. “Evaluation of a chief complaint pre-processor for biosurveillance.” Amia ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. Amia Symposium, October 2007, 736–40.
  - Tanabe, Paula, Nicki Gilboy, and Debbie A. Travers. “Emergency Severity Index version 4: clarifying common questions.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 33, no. 2 (April 2007): 182–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2006.11.009.
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  - Travers, Debbie A., and Stephanie W. Haas. “Unified medical language system coverage of emergency-medicine chief complaints.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 13, no. 12 (December 2006): 1319–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2006.06.054.
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  - Travers, Debbie, Clifton Barnett, Amy Ising, and Anna Waller. “Timeliness of emergency department diagnoses for syndromic surveillance.” Amia ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. Amia Symposium, January 2006, 769–73.
  - Fernandes, Christopher M. B., Paula Tanabe, Nancy Bonalumi, Nicki Gilboy, Loren Johnson, Rebecca S. McNair, Alexander M. Rosenau, et al. “Emergency department triage: why we need a research agenda.” Annals of Emergency Medicine 46, no. 2 (August 2005): 204–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.035.
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  - Gilboy, Nicki, Paula Tanabe, and Debbie A. Travers. “The Emergency Severity Index Version 4: changes to ESI level 1 and pediatric fever criteria.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 31, no. 4 (August 2005): 357–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2005.05.011.
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  - Tanabe, Paula, Debbie Travers, Nicki Gilboy, Alex Rosenau, Gina Sierzega, Valerie Rupp, Zoran Martinovich, and James G. Adams. “Refining Emergency Severity Index triage criteria.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 12, no. 6 (June 2005): 497–501. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2004.12.015.
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  - Fernandes, Christopher M. B., Paula Tanabe, Nicki Gilboy, Loren A. Johnson, Rebecca S. McNair, Alexander M. Rosenau, Peter Sawchuk, et al. “Five-level triage: a report from the ACEP/ENA Five-level Triage Task Force.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 31, no. 1 (February 2005): 39–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2004.11.002.
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  - O’Shaughnessy, J., A. Worster, C. M. B. Fernandes, P. Tanabe, N. Bonalumi, N. Gilboy, L. Johnson, et al. “Triage questions [1] (multiple letters).” Annals of Emergency Medicine 46, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 203–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.05.001.
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  - Travers, Debbie A., and Stephanie W. Haas. “Evaluation of emergency medical text processor, a system for cleaning chief complaint text data.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 11, no. 11 (November 2004): 1170–76. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2004.08.012.
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  - Travers, Debbie A., Stephanie W. Haas, Anna E. Waller, and Judith E. Tintinalli. “Diagnosis clusters for emergency medicine.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 10, no. 12 (December 2003): 1337–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00008.x.
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  - Eitel, David R., Debbie A. Travers, Alexander M. Rosenau, Nicki Gilboy, and Richard C. Wuerz. “The emergency severity index triage algorithm version 2 is reliable and valid.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 10, no. 10 (October 2003): 1070–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00577.x.
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  - Bordley, W Clayton, Debbie Travers, Patricia Scanlon, Karen Frush, and Sue Hohenhaus. “Office preparedness for pediatric emergencies: a randomized, controlled trial of an office-based training program.” Pediatrics 112, no. 2 (August 2003): 291–95. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.2.291.
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  - Travers, Debbie A., and Stephanie W. Haas. “Using nurses' natural language entries to build a concept-oriented terminology for patients' chief complaints in the emergency department.” Journal of Biomedical Informatics 36, no. 4–5 (August 2003): 260–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.09.007.
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  - Travers, Debbie A., Anna Waller, Stephanie W. Haas, William B. Lober, and Carmen Beard. “Emergency Department data for bioterrorism surveillance: electronic data availability, timeliness, sources and standards.” Amia ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. Amia Symposium, January 2003, 664–68.
  - Travers, D. A., A. E. Waller, J. M. Bowling, D. Flowers, and J. Tintinalli. “Five-level triage system more effective than three-level in tertiary emergency department.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 28, no. 5 (January 1, 2002): 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1067/men.2002.127184.
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  - Wuerz, R. C., D. Travers, N. Gilboy, D. R. Eitel, A. Rosenau, and R. Yazhari. “Implementation and refinement of the emergency severity index.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 8, no. 2 (February 2001): 170–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01283.x.
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  - Wuerz, R. “Emergency severity index triage category is associated with six-month survival. ESI Triage Study Group.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 2001): 61–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00554.x.
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  - Wuerz, R. C., L. W. Milne, D. R. Eitel, D. Travers, and N. Gilboy. “Reliability and validity of a new five-level triage instrument.” Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 7, no. 3 (March 2000): 236–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb01066.x.
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  - Travers, D. A., and S. M. Downs. “Comparing user acceptance of a computer system in two pediatric offices: a qualitative study.” Proceedings. Amia Symposium, January 2000, 853–57.
  - Gilboy, N., D. Travers, and R. Wuerz. “Re-evaluating triage in the new millennium: A comprehensive look at the need for standardization and quality.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 25, no. 6 (December 1999): 468–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(99)70007-3.
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  - Travers, D. “Triage: how long does it take? how long should it take?” Journal of Emergency Nursing 25, no. 3 (June 1999): 238–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(99)70213-8.
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  - Travers, D. “The need for quick computer response with minimal input: development of an ED computer system.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 23, no. 3 (June 1997): 259–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90025-8.
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  - Travers, D., and T. Parham. “Improving information access with an emergency department system.” Proceedings : A Conference of the American Medical Informatics Association. Amia Fall Symposium, January 1997, 121–25.
  - Travers, D. A., and G. Mears. “Physicians' experiences with prehospital do-not-resuscitate orders in North Carolina.” Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 11, no. 2 (April 1996): 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00042709.
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  - Travers, D. “Order entry and results reporting.” Topics in Emergency Medicine 17, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 64–73.
  - Travers, D. A., and N. Benson. “The status of air medical quality assurance.” The Journal of Air Medical Transport 9, no. 6 (June 1990): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1046-9095(05)80383-6.
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  - Travers, D. A., J. Means, and J. Riordan. “Determining appropriate use of an air medical program.” The Journal of Air Medical Transport 8, no. 10 (October 1989): 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1046-9095(89)80016-9.
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- Conference Papers
  - Lippmann, Steven J., Karin B. Yeatts, Anna E. Waller, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Debbie Travers, Morris Weinberger, and James F. Donohue. “Hospitalizations and return visits after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ED visits.” In The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31:1393–96, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.06.010.
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  - Haas, Stephanie W., Debbie Travers, Judith E. Tintinalli, Daniel Pollock, Anna Waller, Edward Barthell, Catharine Burt, et al. “Toward vocabulary control for chief complaint.” In Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 15:476–82, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00104.x.
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  - Haas, S. W., D. A. Travers, and J. Kramer-Duffield. “What is an event? domain constraints for temporal analysis of chief complaints and triage notes.” In Proceedings of the Asist Annual Meeting, Vol. 44, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.1450440354.
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  - Haas, S. W., and D. A. Travers. “Issues in the development of a thesaurus for patients' Chief Complaints in the Emergency Department.” In Proceedings of the Asist Annual Meeting, 41:411–17, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.1450410148.
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Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses

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Education, Training, & Certifications

Awards & Honors

Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Conference Papers

Recent Courses