Eric Charles Westman | Scholars@Duke

Eric Charles Westman
Associate Professor of Medicine

Dr. Westman is an Associate Professor of Medicine at Duke University. He is Board Certified in Obesity Medicine and Internal Medicine, and founded the Duke Keto Medicine Clinic with Dr. William S. Yancy Jr. in 2006 after 8 years of clinical research regarding low carbohydrate ketogenic diets.

He is Past-President and Master Fellow of the Obesity Medicine Association and Fellow of The Obesity Society. He is an editor of the textbook: Obesity: Evaluation & Treatment Essentials, and author of the New York Times Bestseller The New Atkins for a New You, Cholesterol Clarity, and Keto Clarity. He is co-founder of Adapt Your Life, an education and product company based on low carbohydrate concepts.

He is course coordinator for MED415c, a Fourth-Year Medical Student Elective on the Medical Management of Obesity, and a faculty member of the Duke Clinical Research Training Program.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 2005

Contact Information

4220 North Roxboro Street, Durham, NC 27704
Duke Box 3810, Lifestyle Medicine Clinic, Durham, NC 27704
westm001@duke.edu (919) 620-4061
Dr. Westman Online Resource

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- M.H.S., Duke University 1994
- Fellow in General Internal Medicine, Medicine, Duke University 1990 - 1992
- Chief Resident, Medicine, University of Kentucky 1989 - 1990
- Medical Resident, Medicine, University of Kentucky 1986 - 1989
- M.D., University of Wisconsin - Madison 1986
Medical Licensure
- 39138. North Carolina. 2020
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 2001 - 2005
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 1995 - 2001
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 1990 - 1995
Recognition
In the News
- AUG 13, 2020
  
  Faculty Discuss Their Research on Why Masks Work
- AUG 9, 2020 Duke Health News
  
  Here's Visible Proof Masks Work
Research
External Relationships
- Adapt Your Life, Inc
- Hill United, Inc
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Steelman, G. M., and E. C. Westman. Obesity: Evaluation and treatment essentials, 2016.
  - Steelman, G. M., and E. C. Westman. Preface, 2016.
- Academic Articles
  - Kalayjian, Tro, and Eric C. Westman. “Re: Effect of a ketogenic diet versus Mediterranean diet on glycated hemoglobin in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the interventional Keto-Med randomized crossover trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 116, no. 4 (October 6, 2022): 1184. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac202.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “A review of decision aids to assess cardiovascular risk.” Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 29, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 420–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000760.
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  - Ludwig, David S., Caroline M. Apovian, Louis J. Aronne, Arne Astrup, Lewis C. Cantley, Cara B. Ebbeling, Steven B. Heymsfield, et al. “Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models.” Eur J Clin Nutr 76, no. 9 (September 2022): 1209–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01179-2.
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  - Ludwig, David S., Louis J. Aronne, Arne Astrup, Rafael de Cabo, Lewis C. Cantley, Mark I. Friedman, Steven B. Heymsfield, et al. “Reply to A Drewnowski et al, O Devinsky, D A Booth and E L Gibson, and D J Millward.” Am J Clin Nutr 115, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 595–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab385.
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  - Danan, Albert, Eric C. Westman, Laura R. Saslow, and Georgia Ede. “The Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Mental Illness: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Inpatients.” Front Psychiatry 13 (2022): 951376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.951376.
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  - Ludwig, David S., Louis J. Aronne, Arne Astrup, Rafael de Cabo, Lewis C. Cantley, Mark I. Friedman, Steven B. Heymsfield, et al. “The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic.” Am J Clin Nutr 114, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 1873–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab270.
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  - Dikeman, David T., and Eric C. Westman. “Carbohydrate-restricted diets and Type 1 diabetes mellitus: research considerations.” Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 28, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 437–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000669.
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  - Feltham, Sam, and Eric C. Westman. “A case study of overfeeding 3 different diets.” Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 28, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 446–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000668.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “Editorial: Carbohydrate restriction: from the 'bedside' to the 'bench'.” Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 28, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 435–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000667.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pathophysiologic Perspective.” Front Nutr 8 (2021): 707371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.707371.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “Editorial: Carbohydrate-Restricted Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus.” Front Nutr 8 (2021): 827990. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.827990.
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  - Tondt, Justin, William S. Yancy, and Eric C. Westman. “Application of nutrient essentiality criteria to dietary carbohydrates.” Nutr Res Rev 33, no. 2 (December 2020): 260–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422420000050.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “Editorial: Exploring the untapped potential of low-carbohydrate diets.” Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 27, no. 5 (October 2020): 253–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000563.
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  - Westman, Eric C., and William S. Yancy. “Using a low-carbohydrate diet to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 27, no. 5 (October 2020): 255–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000565.
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  - Fischer, Emma P., Martin C. Fischer, David Grass, Isaac Henrion, Warren S. Warren, and Eric Westman. “Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech.” Sci Adv 6, no. 36 (September 2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd3083.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “Unprocessed Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption.” Ann Intern Med 172, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 637. https://doi.org/10.7326/L20-0122.
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  - Carmen, Matthew, Debra Lynn Safer, Laura R. Saslow, Tro Kalayjian, Ashley E. Mason, Eric C. Westman, and Shebani Sethi Dalai. “Treating binge eating and food addiction symptoms with low-carbohydrate Ketogenic diets: a case series.” J Eat Disord 8 (2020): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-020-0278-7.
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  - Yancy, William S., Nia S. Mitchell, and Eric C. Westman. “Ketogenic Diet for Obesity and Diabetes.” Jama Intern Med 179, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1734–35. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5148.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Lauren Howard, Jenifer Allen, Jordan Smith, Jennifer Stout, William Aronson, Brant A. Inman, et al. “A lifestyle intervention of weight loss via a low-carbohydrate diet plus walking to reduce metabolic disturbances caused by androgen deprivation therapy among prostate cancer patients: carbohydrate and prostate study 1 (CAPS1) randomized controlled trial.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, no. 3 (September 2019): 428–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0126-5.
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  - Feinman, Richard D., Wendy K. Pogozelski, Arne Astrup, Richard K. Bernstein, Eugene J. Fine, Eric C. Westman, Anthony Accurso, et al. “Corrigendum to "Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base" [Nutrition 31 (2015) 1-13].” Nutrition 62 (June 2019): 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.12.002.
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  - Palmer, Christopher M., Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo, and Eric C. Westman. “The ketogenic diet and remission of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia: Two case studies.” Schizophr Res 208 (June 2019): 439–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.019.
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  - Westman, Eric C., Justin Tondt, Emily Maguire, and William S. Yancy. “Implementing a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 13, no. 5 (September 2018): 263–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2018.1523713.
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  - Lennerz, Belinda S., Anna Barton, Richard K. Bernstein, R David Dikeman, Carrie Diulus, Sarah Hallberg, Erinn T. Rhodes, et al. “Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet.” Pediatrics 141, no. 6 (June 2018). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3349.
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  - McClernon, Francis Joseph, Brett Froeliger, Jed E. Rose, Rachel V. Kozink, Merideth A. Addicott, Maggie M. Sweitzer, Eric C. Westman, and Dana M. Van Wert. “The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function.” Addict Biol 21, no. 4 (July 2016): 954–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12253.
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  - Ivey, Lynne Daniel, and Eric C. Westman. “Weight Loss: A Patient and Physician's Perspective.” Adv Ther 33, no. 6 (June 2016): 1049–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-016-0334-5.
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  - Bays, Harold E., Peter H. Jones, Terry A. Jacobson, David E. Cohen, Carl E. Orringer, Shanu Kothari, Dan E. Azagury, et al. “Lipids and bariatric procedures part 1 of 2: Scientific statement from the National Lipid Association, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Medicine Association: FULL REPORT.” J Clin Lipidol 10, no. 1 (2016): 33–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.002.
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  - Bays, Harold E., Peter H. Jones, Terry A. Jacobson, David E. Cohen, Carl E. Orringer, Shanu Kothari, Dan E. Azagury, et al. “Lipids and bariatric procedures part 1 of 2: Scientific statement from the National Lipid Association, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Medicine Association: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.” J Clin Lipidol 10, no. 1 (2016): 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.003.
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  - Bays, Harold, Shanu N. Kothari, Dan E. Azagury, John M. Morton, Ninh T. Nguyen, Peter H. Jones, Terry A. Jacobson, et al. “Lipids and bariatric procedures Part 2 of 2: scientific statement from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), the National Lipid Association (NLA), and Obesity Medicine Association (OMA).” Surg Obes Relat Dis 12, no. 3 (2016): 468–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2016.01.007.
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  - Feinman, Richard D., Wendy K. Pogozelski, Arne Astrup, Richard K. Bernstein, Eugene J. Fine, Eric C. Westman, Anthony Accurso, et al. “Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base.” Nutrition 31, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.011.
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  - Addicott, Merideth A., Brett Froeliger, Rachel V. Kozink, Dana M. Van Wert, Eric C. Westman, Jed E. Rose, and Francis J. McClernon. “Nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors differentially modulate craving, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow as measured with arterial spin labeling.” Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 12 (November 2014): 2750–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.108.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “ACP Journal Club. In overweight or obese patients with diabetes, a lifestyle intervention increased weight loss at 8 years.” Ann Intern Med 160, no. 12 (June 17, 2014): JC4. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-160-12-201406170-02004.
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  - Larrauri, José A., Lisalynn D. Kelley, Mason R. Jenkins, Eric C. Westman, Nestor A. Schmajuk, M Zachary Rosenthal, and Edward D. Levin. “Meclizine enhancement of sensorimotor gating in healthy male subjects with high startle responses and low prepulse inhibition.” Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 3 (February 2014): 651–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.248.
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  - Seger, J. C., D. B. Horn, E. C. Westman, R. Lindquist, W. Scinta, L. A. Richardson, C. Primack, et al. “Erratum: Clinical management of individuals with obesity (Journal of Clinical Lipidology (2014) 8:3 (237-248)).” Journal of Clinical Lipidology 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2014.05.006.
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  - Hendricks, Ed J., Frank L. Greenway, Eric C. Westman, and Alok K. Gupta. “Blood pressure and heart rate effects, weight loss and maintenance during long-term phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 19, no. 12 (December 2011): 2351–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.94.
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  - LeCheminant, James D., Bryan K. Smith, Eric C. Westman, Mary C. Vernon, and Joseph E. Donnelly. “Comparison of a reduced carbohydrate and reduced fat diet for LDL, HDL, and VLDL subclasses during 9-months of weight maintenance subsequent to weight loss.” Lipids Health Dis 9 (June 1, 2010): 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-9-54.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Al Salley, Frederique M. Behm, James E. Bates, and Eric C. Westman. “Reinforcing effects of nicotine and non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke.” Psychopharmacology (Berl) 210, no. 1 (May 2010): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1810-2.
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  - Yancy, William S., Eric C. Westman, Jennifer R. McDuffie, Steven C. Grambow, Amy S. Jeffreys, Jamiyla Bolton, Allison Chalecki, and Eugene Z. Oddone. “A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss.” Arch Intern Med 170, no. 2 (January 25, 2010): 136–45. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.492.
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  - Austin, G. L., D. A. Drossman, C. B. Dalton, Y. Hu, C. B. Morris, J. Hankins, S. R. Weinland, E. C. Westman, and W. S. Yancy. “Reply.” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 98–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2009.10.029.
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  - Bailey, Westly A., Eric C. Westman, Megan L. Marquart, and John R. Guyton. “Low glycemic diet for weight loss in hypertriglyceridemic patients attending a lipid clinic.” J Clin Lipidol 4, no. 6 (2010): 508–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2010.08.019.
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  - Boling, Christy L., Eric C. Westman, and William S. Yancy. “Carbohydrate-restricted diets for obesity and related diseases: an update.” Curr Atheroscler Rep 11, no. 6 (November 2009): 462–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-009-0069-8.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Joseph E. Herskovic, Frederique M. Behm, and Eric C. Westman. “Precessation treatment with nicotine patch significantly increases abstinence rates relative to conventional treatment.” Nicotine Tob Res 11, no. 9 (September 2009): 1067–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp103.
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  - Mavropoulos, John C., W Cooper Buschemeyer, Alok K. Tewari, Dmitriy Rokhfeld, Michael Pollak, Yunhua Zhao, Phillip G. Febbo, et al. “The effects of varying dietary carbohydrate and fat content on survival in a murine LNCaP prostate cancer xenograft model.” Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2, no. 6 (June 2009): 557–65. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0188.
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  - Austin, Gregory L., Christine B. Dalton, Yuming Hu, Carolyn B. Morris, Jane Hankins, Stephan R. Weinland, Eric C. Westman, William S. Yancy, and Douglas A. Drossman. “A very low-carbohydrate diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7, no. 6 (June 2009): 706-708.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2009.02.023.
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  - Boling, Christy L., Eric C. Westman, and William S. Yancy. “Comparison of weight-loss diets.” N Engl J Med 360, no. 21 (May 21, 2009): 2247. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc096106.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Rethinking dietary saturated fats.” Lipid Technology 21, no. 5–6 (May 1, 2009): 109–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/lite.200900030.
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  - Yancy, William S., Daniel Almirall, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Ronette L. Kolotkin, Jennifer R. McDuffie, and Eric C. Westman. “Effects of two weight-loss diets on health-related quality of life.” Qual Life Res 18, no. 3 (April 2009): 281–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9444-8.
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  - Kraft, Bryan D., and Eric C. Westman. “Schizophrenia, gluten, and low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets: a case report and review of the literature.” Nutr Metab (Lond) 6 (February 26, 2009): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-6-10.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Rethinking Dietary Saturated Fat.” Food Technology 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 26–34.
  - Westman, Eric C., William S. Yancy, John C. Mavropoulos, Megan Marquart, and Jennifer R. McDuffie. “The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Nutr Metab (Lond) 5 (December 19, 2008): 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-5-36.
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  - Rader, W Alan, G Michael Steelman, and Eric C. Westman. “Clinical experience using appetite suppressants and SSRIs.” J Okla State Med Assoc 101, no. 8 (August 2008): 180–81.
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  - Paddon-Jones, Douglas, Eric Westman, Richard D. Mattes, Robert R. Wolfe, Arne Astrup, and Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga. “Protein, weight management, and satiety.” Am J Clin Nutr 87, no. 5 (May 2008): 1558S-1561S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1558S.
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  - Westman, Eric C., and Mary C. Vernon. “Has carbohydrate-restriction been forgotten as a treatment for diabetes mellitus? A perspective on the ACCORD study design.” Nutr Metab (Lond) 5 (April 9, 2008): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-5-10.
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  - Accurso, Anthony, Richard K. Bernstein, Annika Dahlqvist, Boris Draznin, Richard D. Feinman, Eugene J. Fine, Amy Gleed, et al. “Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal.” Nutr Metab (Lond) 5 (April 8, 2008): 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-5-9.
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  - Yancy, W. S., M. K. Olsen, T. Dudley, and E. C. Westman. “Acid-base analysis of individuals following two weight loss diets.” Eur J Clin Nutr 61, no. 12 (December 2007): 1416–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602661.
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  - Yancy, William S., Jeff S. Volek, and Eric C. Westman. “Nonfasting triglycerides and cardiovascular risk.” Jama 298, no. 17 (November 7, 2007): 2004. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.17.2004-a.
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  - Lecheminant, James D., Cheryl A. Gibson, Debra K. Sullivan, Sandra Hall, Rik Washburn, Mary C. Vernon, Chelsea Curry, Elizabeth Stewart, Eric C. Westman, and Joseph E. Donnelly. “Comparison of a low carbohydrate and low fat diet for weight maintenance in overweight or obese adults enrolled in a clinical weight management program.” Nutr J 6 (November 1, 2007): 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-6-36.
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  - Westman, Eric C., Richard D. Feinman, John C. Mavropoulos, Mary C. Vernon, Jeff S. Volek, James A. Wortman, William S. Yancy, and Stephen D. Phinney. “Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism.” Am J Clin Nutr 86, no. 2 (August 2007): 276–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.276.
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  - McClernon, F Joseph, Eric C. Westman, Jed E. Rose, and Avery M. Lutz. “The effects of foods, beverages, and other factors on cigarette palatability.” Nicotine Tob Res 9, no. 4 (April 2007): 505–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200701243177.
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  - Tendler, David, Sauyu Lin, William S. Yancy, John Mavropoulos, Pam Sylvestre, Don C. Rockey, and Eric C. Westman. “The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study.” Dig Dis Sci 52, no. 2 (February 2007): 589–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9433-5.
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  - McClernon, F Joseph, William S. Yancy, Jacqueline A. Eberstein, Robert C. Atkins, and Eric C. Westman. “The effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-fat diet on mood, hunger, and other self-reported symptoms.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 15, no. 1 (January 2007): 182–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.516.
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  - Westman, Eric C., Jeff S. Volek, and Richard D. Feinman. “Carbohydrate restriction is effective in improving atherogenic dyslipidemia even in the absence of weight loss.” Am J Clin Nutr 84, no. 6 (December 2006): 1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.6.1549.
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  - McClernon, F Joseph, F Berry Hiott, Eric C. Westman, Jed E. Rose, and Edward D. Levin. “Transdermal nicotine attenuates depression symptoms in nonsmokers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Psychopharmacology (Berl) 189, no. 1 (November 2006): 125–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0516-y.
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  - Feinman, Richard D., Mary C. Vernon, and Eric C. Westman. “Low carbohydrate diets in family practice: what can we learn from an internet-based support group.” Nutr J 5 (October 2, 2006): 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-5-26.
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  - Austin, Gregory L., Michelle T. Thiny, Eric C. Westman, William S. Yancy, and Nicholas J. Shaheen. “A very low-carbohydrate diet improves gastroesophageal reflux and its symptoms.” Dig Dis Sci 51, no. 8 (August 2006): 1307–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-005-9027-7.
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  - Westman, Eric C., William S. Yancy, Maren K. Olsen, Tara Dudley, and John R. Guyton. “Effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on fasting lipoprotein subclasses.” Int J Cardiol 110, no. 2 (June 16, 2006): 212–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.08.034.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Frederique M. Behm, Eric C. Westman, and Prity Kukovich. “Precessation treatment with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation.” Nicotine Tob Res 8, no. 1 (February 2006): 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200500431866.
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  - Westman, Eric C., William S. Yancy, and Margaret Humphreys. “Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus in the pre-insulin era (1914-1922).” Perspect Biol Med 49, no. 1 (2006): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2006.0017.
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  - Mavropoulos, John C., William S. Yancy, Juanita Hepburn, and Eric C. Westman. “The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study.” Nutr Metab (Lond) 2 (December 16, 2005): 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-2-35.
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  - Yancy, William S., Marjorie Foy, Allison M. Chalecki, Mary C. Vernon, and Eric C. Westman. “A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes.” Nutr Metab (Lond) 2 (December 1, 2005): 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-2-34.
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  - Westman, Eric C., William S. Yancy, and Mary C. Vernon. “Is a low-carb, low-fat diet optimal?” Arch Intern Med 165, no. 9 (May 9, 2005): 1071–72. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.9.1071-b.
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  - Roth, Mary T., Miranda R. Andrus, and Eric C. Westman. “Outcomes from an outpatient smoking-cessation clinic.” Pharmacotherapy 25, no. 2 (February 2005): 279–88. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.25.2.279.56957.
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  - Westman, Eric C., William S. Yancy, Mark D. Haub, and Jeff S. Volek. “Insulin resistance from a low carbohydrate, high fat diet perspective.” Metab Syndr Relat Disord 3, no. 1 (2005): 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2005.3.14.
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  - Kalvass, J Cory, Stephen D. Phinney, Mary C. Vernon, Ron Rosedale, and Eric C. Westman. “Comment: Decreased warfarin effect after initiation of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets.” Ann Pharmacother 39, no. 7–8 (2005): 1371–72. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1E454b.
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  - Fiore, M. C., E. C. Westman, and W. Theobald. “Update on smoking cessation.” Patient Care 38, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 34–41.
  - McBride, Colleen M., Donald H. Baucom, Bercedis L. Peterson, Kathryn I. Pollak, Carleton Palmer, Eric Westman, and Pauline Lyna. “Prenatal and postpartum smoking abstinence a partner-assisted approach.” Am J Prev Med 27, no. 3 (October 2004): 232–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.06.005.
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  - Husain, A. M., W. S. Yancy, S. T. Carwile, P. P. Miller, and E. C. Westman. “Diet therapy for narcolepsy.” Neurology 62, no. 12 (June 22, 2004): 2300–2302. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.62.12.2300.
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  - Kolotkin, Ronette L., Eric C. Westman, Truls Østbye, Ross D. Crosby, Howard J. Eisenson, and Martin Binks. “Does binge eating disorder impact weight-related quality of life?” Obes Res 12, no. 6 (June 2004): 999–1005. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.122.
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  - McClernon, F Joseph, Eric C. Westman, and Jed E. Rose. “The effects of controlled deep breathing on smoking withdrawal symptoms in dependent smokers.” Addict Behav 29, no. 4 (June 2004): 765–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.005.
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  - Yancy, William S., Maren K. Olsen, John R. Guyton, Ronna P. Bakst, and Eric C. Westman. “A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial.” Ann Intern Med 140, no. 10 (May 18, 2004): 769–77. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00006.
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  - Boan, Jarol, Ronette L. Kolotkin, Eric C. Westman, Ross L. McMahon, and John P. Grant. “Binge eating, quality of life and physical activity improve after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity.” Obes Surg 14, no. 3 (March 2004): 341–48. https://doi.org/10.1381/096089204322917864.
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  - Vernon, Mary C., Brian Kueser, Melissa Transue, Heather E. Yates, William S. Yancy, and Eric C. Westman. “Clinical experience of a carbohydrate-restricted diet for the metabolic syndrome.” Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2, no. 3 (2004): 180–86. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2004.2.180.
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  - Westman, E. C., and F. F. Samaha. “Trial finds low carb diets reduce weight more than low fat diets in the short term, but have more minor adverse effects.” Evidence Based Cardiovascular Medicine 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 374–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebcm.2004.09.003.
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  - Westman, Eric C., and Jeff S. Volek. “Postprandial triglycerides in response to high fat: role of dietary carbohydrate.” Eur J Clin Invest 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01289.x.
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  - Neill, D. F. o’ , E. C. Westman, and R. K. Bernstein. “The Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Regimen on Glycemic Control and Serum Lipids in Diabetes Mellitus.” Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 291–98. https://doi.org/10.1089/1540419031361345.
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  - Westman, Eric C., John Mavropoulos, William S. Yancy, and Jeff S. Volek. “A review of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets.” Curr Atheroscler Rep 5, no. 6 (November 2003): 476–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-003-0038-6.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Frederique M. Behm, Eric C. Westman, James E. Bates, and Al Salley. “Pharmacologic and sensorimotor components of satiation in cigarette smoking.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76, no. 2 (September 2003): 243–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2003.07.002.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Frederique M. Behm, Eric C. Westman, and James E. Bates. “Mecamylamine acutely increases human intravenous nicotine self-administration.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76, no. 2 (September 2003): 307–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2003.08.011.
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  - Vernon, Mary C., John Mavropoulos, Melissa Transue, William S. Yancy, and Eric C. Westman. “Clinical experience of a carbohydrate-restricted diet: effect on diabetes mellitus.” Metab Syndr Relat Disord 1, no. 3 (September 2003): 233–37. https://doi.org/10.1089/154041903322716714.
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  - Yancy, William S., Mary C. Vernon, and Eric C. Westman. “A pilot trial of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.” Metab Syndr Relat Disord 1, no. 3 (September 2003): 239–43. https://doi.org/10.1089/154041903322716723.
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  - Hickey, Joseph T., Lisa Hickey, William S. Yancy, Juanita Hepburn, and Eric C. Westman. “Clinical use of a carbohydrate-restricted diet to treat the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome.” Metab Syndr Relat Disord 1, no. 3 (September 2003): 227–32. https://doi.org/10.1089/154041903322716705.
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  - Green, Amanda, William S. Yancy, Loretta Braxton, and Eric C. Westman. “Residential smoking therapy.” J Gen Intern Med 18, no. 4 (April 2003): 275–80. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.11114.x.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Frederique M. Behm, Eric C. Westman, Roy J. Mathew, Edythe D. London, Thomas C. Hawk, Timothy G. Turkington, and R Edward Coleman. “PET studies of the influences of nicotine on neural systems in cigarette smokers.” Am J Psychiatry 160, no. 2 (February 2003): 323–33. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.323.
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  - Yancy, William S., Eric C. Westman, Patricia A. French, and Robert M. Califf. “Diets and clinical coronary events: the truth is out there.” Circulation 107, no. 1 (January 7, 2003): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000049205.35749.00.
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  - Volek, Jeff S., and Eric C. Westman. “Very-low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets revisited.” Cleve Clin J Med 69, no. 11 (November 2002): 849. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.69.11.849.
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  - Yancy, William S., Maren K. Olsen, Eric C. Westman, Hayden B. Bosworth, and David Edelman. “Relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life in men.” Obes Res 10, no. 10 (October 2002): 1057–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.143.
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  - Westman, Eric C., William S. Yancy, Joel S. Edman, Keith F. Tomlin, and Christine E. Perkins. “Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program.” Am J Med 113, no. 1 (July 2002): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01129-4.
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  - Roth, Mary T., and Eric C. Westman. “Asthma exacerbation after administration of nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation.” Pharmacotherapy 22, no. 6 (June 2002): 779–82. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.22.9.779.34069.
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  - Westman, Eric C. “Is dietary carbohydrate essential for human nutrition?” Am J Clin Nutr 75, no. 5 (May 2002): 951–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.5.951.
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  - Westman, E. C., E. Dewailly, and C. Blanchet. “Is dietary carbohydrate essential for human nutrition? [4] (multiple letters).” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 5 (January 1, 2002): 951–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.5.951a.
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  - Westman, E. C., K. F. Tomlin, C. E. Perkins, and J. E. Rose. “Oral nicotine solution for smoking cessation: a pilot tolerability study.” Nicotine Tob Res 3, no. 4 (November 2001): 391–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200126973.
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  - Brauer, L. H., F. M. Behm, J. D. Lane, E. C. Westman, C. Perkins, and J. E. Rose. “Individual differences in smoking reward from de-nicotinized cigarettes.” Nicotine Tob Res 3, no. 2 (May 2001): 101–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200123249.
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  - Roth, M. T., and E. C. Westman. “Use of bupropion SR in a pharmacist-managed outpatient smoking-cessation program.” Pharmacotherapy 21, no. 5 (May 2001): 636–41. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.21.6.636.34548.
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  - Rose, J. E., F. M. Behm, and E. C. Westman. “Acute effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on tobacco withdrawal symptoms, cigarette reward and ad lib smoking.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav 68, no. 2 (February 2001): 187–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00465-2.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Review: Nicotine replacement treatments achieve smoking abstinence at 6-12 months: Commentary.” Evidence Based Mental Health 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 21. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.4.1.21.
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  - Yancy, W. S., D. Provenzale, and E. C. Westman. “Improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease after initiation of a low-carbohydrate diet: five brief case reports.” Altern Ther Health Med 7, no. 6 (2001): 120–119.
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  - Rose, J. E., F. M. Behm, E. C. Westman, and M. Johnson. “Dissociating nicotine and nonnicotine components of cigarette smoking.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav 67, no. 1 (September 2000): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00301-4.
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  - Yancy, W. S., and E. C. Westman. “Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with exercise led to higher levels of continuous smoking cessation in women than did CBT without exercise: Commentary.” Evidence Based Mental Health 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 18. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.3.1.18.
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  - Westman, E. C., K. F. Tomlin, and J. E. Rose. “Combining the nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch for smoking cessation.” American Journal of Health Behavior 24, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 114–19. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.24.2.4.
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  - Rose, J. E., F. M. Behm, E. C. Westman, and R. E. Coleman. “Arterial nicotine kinetics during cigarette smoking and intravenous nicotine administration: implications for addiction.” Drug Alcohol Depend 56, no. 2 (September 1, 1999): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00025-3.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Factors influencing morning report case presentations.” South Med J 92, no. 8 (August 1999): 775–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199908000-00005.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Review: Self help interventions alone minimally increase smoking cessation: Commentary.” Evidence Based Mental Health 2, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 41. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.2.2.41.
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  - Brauer, L. H., F. M. Behm, E. C. Westman, P. Patel, and J. E. Rose. “Naltrexone blockade of nicotine effects in cigarette smokers.” Psychopharmacology (Berl) 143, no. 4 (April 1999): 339–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130050957.
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  - Rose, J. E., E. C. Westman, F. M. Behm, M. P. Johnson, and J. S. Goldberg. “Blockade of smoking satisfaction using the peripheral nicotinic antagonist trimethaphan.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav 62, no. 1 (January 1999): 165–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00153-1.
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  - Roth, M. T., and E. C. Westman. “Safety of Zyban in patients with co-existing medical and/or psychiatric conditions.” Journal of Investigative Medicine 47, no. 2 (January 1, 1999).
  - Westman, E. C., K. F. Tomlin, and R. H. Shipley. “Integrating transdermal nicotine therapy into nicotine fading treatments: Effects on salivary cotinine levels.” Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 13, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 279–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.13.4.279.
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  - Westman, E. C., and J. C. Westman. “You're my father, not my patient.” Wisconsin Medical Journal 98, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 12–14.
  - Westman, E. C., and K. F. Tomlin. “Implementing a patient's bill of rights with the personal health organizer.” American Journal of Health Behavior 23, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 128–33. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.23.2.5.
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  - Rose, J. E., F. M. Behm, and E. C. Westman. “Nicotine-mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: the role of pre-cessation therapy.” Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 6, no. 3 (August 1998): 331–43. https://doi.org/10.1037//1064-1297.6.3.331.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Commentary.” Evidence Based Medicine 3, no. 4 (January 1, 1998): 126.
  - Westman, E. C., and K. F. Tomlin. “Helping patients take control of their medical records. A case study of a personal health organizer.” N C Med J 59, no. 4 (1998): 251–54.
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  - Westman, E. C., F. M. Behm, D. L. Simel, and J. E. Rose. “Smoking behavior on the first day of a quit attempt predicts long-term abstinence.” Arch Intern Med 157, no. 3 (February 10, 1997): 335–40.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Should managed care organizations pay for nicotine replacement therapy?” Am J Manag Care 3, no. 2 (February 1997): 335–37.
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  - Joseph, A. M., S. M. Norman, L. H. Ferry, A. V. Prochazka, E. C. Westman, B. G. Steele, S. E. Sherman, et al. “The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease.” N Engl J Med 335, no. 24 (December 12, 1996): 1792–98. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199612123352402.
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  - Westman, E. C., F. M. Behm, and J. E. Rose. “Airway sensory replacement as a treatment for smoking cessation.” Drug Development Research 38, no. 3–4 (December 1, 1996): 257–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2299(199607/08)38:3/4<257::AID-DDR14>3.0.CO;2-W.
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  - Westman, E. C., and J. E. Rose. “Do heavy smokers need a higher replacement dose of nicotine to quit?” Jama 275, no. 24 (June 26, 1996): 1882–83.
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  - Westman, E. C., F. M. Behm, and J. E. Rose. “Dissociating the nicotine and airway sensory effects of smoking.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav 53, no. 2 (February 1996): 309–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(95)02027-6.
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  - Rose, J. E., E. C. Westman, and F. M. Behm. “Nicotine/mecamylamine combination treatment for smoking cessation.” Drug Development Research 38, no. 3–4 (January 1, 1996): 243–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2299(199607/08)38:3/4<243::aid-ddr13>3.0.co;2-%23.
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  - Westman, E. C., R. Stein, and A. Puckett. “Curriculum survey of substance abuse teaching.” Journal of Investigative Medicine 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1996).
  - Westman, E. C., D. B. Matchar, G. P. Samsa, C. D. Mulrow, R. A. Waugh, and J. R. Feussner. “Accuracy and reliability of apical S3 gallop detection.” J Gen Intern Med 10, no. 8 (August 1995): 455–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02599919.
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  - Westman, E. C. “Does smokeless tobacco cause hypertension?” South Med J 88, no. 7 (July 1995): 716–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199507000-00004.
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  - Rose, J. E., E. D. Levin, F. M. Behm, E. C. Westman, R. M. Stein, J. D. Lane, and G. V. Ripka. “Combined administration of agonist-antagonist as a method of regulating receptor activation.” Ann N Y Acad Sci 757 (May 10, 1995): 218–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17478.x.
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  - Westman, E. C., F. M. Behm, and J. E. Rose. “Airway sensory replacement combined with nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial using a citric acid inhaler.” Chest 107, no. 5 (May 1995): 1358–64. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.107.5.1358.
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  - Westman, E. C., E. D. Levin, and J. E. Rose. “Nicotine as a therapeutic drug.” N C Med J 56, no. 1 (January 1995): 48–51.
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  - Westman, E. C., M. B. Duffy, and D. L. Simel. “Should physicians screen for oral disease? A physical examination study of the oral cavity.” J Gen Intern Med 9, no. 10 (October 1994): 558–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02599281.
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  - Rose, J. E., F. M. Behm, E. C. Westman, E. D. Levin, R. M. Stein, and G. V. Ripka. “Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone.” Clin Pharmacol Ther 56, no. 1 (July 1994): 86–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.105.
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  - Levin, E. D., E. C. Westman, R. M. Stein, E. Carnahan, M. Sanchez, S. Herman, F. M. Behm, and J. E. Rose. “Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking.” J Clin Psychopharmacol 14, no. 1 (February 1994): 41–49.
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  - Rose, J. E., F. M. Behm, E. C. Westman, E. D. Levin, R. M. Stein, J. D. Lane, and G. V. Ripka. “Combined Effects of Nicotine and Mecamylamine in Attenuating Smoking Satisfaction.” Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 328–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.2.4.328.
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  - Caudill, T. S., E. C. Westman, D. R. Holleman, and E. C. Rich. “Resident recognition of open-angle glaucoma: effects of an educational intervention.” J Gen Intern Med 8, no. 9 (September 1993): 515–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600117.
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  - Westman, E. C., E. D. Levin, and J. E. Rose. “The nicotine patch in smoking cessation. A randomized trial with telephone counseling.” Arch Intern Med 153, no. 16 (August 23, 1993): 1917–23.
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  - Beauchamp, C., E. C. Westman, and J. A. Govert. “Treatment of acute myocardial infarction.” N Engl J Med 329, no. 6 (August 5, 1993): 430. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199308053290613.
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  - Westman, E. C., and D. L. Simel. “Smokeless tobacco use in an outpatient veteran population.” South Med J 86, no. 8 (August 1993): 912–13. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199308000-00013.
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  - Holleman, D. R., E. C. Westman, D. C. McCrory, and D. L. Simel. “The effect of sleeved arms on oscillometric blood pressure measurement.” J Gen Intern Med 8, no. 6 (June 1993): 325–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600148.
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  - Lane, J. D., E. C. Westman, G. V. Ripka, J. Wu, C. C. Chiang, and J. E. Rose. “Pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch compared to nicotine gum.” Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 19, no. 16 (January 1, 1993): 1999–2010. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639049309069337.
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  - “Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension.” N Engl J Med 322, no. 12 (March 22, 1990): 849–50. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199003223221213.
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- Book Sections
  - Eisenson, H. J., and E. C. Westman. “Residential lifestyle modification programs for the treatment of obesity.” In Obesity: Evaluation and Treatment Essentials, 127–38, 2016.
  - Vernon, M. C., E. C. Westman, and J. A. Wortman. “Dietary treatment of the obese individual.” In Obesity: Evaluation and Treatment Essentials, 43–56, 2016.
  - Vernon, M. C., and E. C. Westman. “Medical treatment of pediatric obesity.” In Obesity: Evaluation and Treatment Essentials, 120–26, 2016.
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