Eric Charles Westman | Scholars@Duke

Eric Charles Westman
Associate Professor of Medicine

My research interest is disease prevention. Because smoking and obesity are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in modern society, my research involves clinical trials examining new therapies for smoking cessation and obesity.

I serve as Medical Director of the Duke Center for Nicotine and Smoking Cessation Research, in collaboration with Jed Rose in the Department of Psychiatry. I am course coordinator for a Fourth-Year Medical Student Elective on the Medical Management of Obesity, and I am a faculty member of the Duke Clinical Research Training Program.

I belong to the Society of General Internal Medicine, the Society for Nicotine and Smoking Cessation Research, NAASO: The Obesity Society, and the American Society of Bariatric Physicians. I am also on the Editorial Board of Nutrition & Metabolism.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 2005

Contact Information

4220 North Roxboro Street, Durham, NC 27704
Duke Box 3810, Lifestyle Medicine Clinic, Durham, NC 27704
westm001@duke.edu (919) 620-4061

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- M.H.S., Duke University 1994
- Fellow in General Internal Medicine, Medicine, Duke University 1990 - 1992
- Chief Resident, Medicine, University of Kentucky at Lexington 1989 - 1990
- Medical Resident, Medicine, University of Kentucky at Lexington 1986 - 1989
- M.D., University of Wisconsin at Madison 1986
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 2001 - 2005
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 1995 - 2001
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 1990 - 1995
Research
Selected Grants
- Brain Substrates of Extinction-Based Treatment for Nicotine Dependence awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2014
- Neurobiology of Nicotine and Non-nicotine Components of Tobacco Addiction awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2013
- Improving the efficacy of anti-nicotine immunotherapy awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2012
- Oral nicotine replacement for Smoking Cessation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2006
- Scaling The Reinforcing Value Of Cigarette Smoke awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2004
- Partner Assisted Interventions For Pregnant Smokers awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 2003
- Nicotinic Influences on Alcohol Use and Dependence awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 2002
- Nicotine Tolerance and Blockade in Cigarette Smokers awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 2000
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Book Sections
  - Eisenson, HJ, and Westman, EC. "Residential lifestyle modification programs for the treatment of obesity." In Obesity: Evaluation and Treatment Essentials, 127-138. April 19, 2016.
  - Vernon, MC, Westman, EC, and Wortman, JA. "Dietary treatment of the obese individual." In Obesity: Evaluation and Treatment Essentials, 43-56. April 19, 2016.
  - Vernon, MC, and Westman, EC. "Medical treatment of pediatric obesity." In Obesity: Evaluation and Treatment Essentials, 120-126. April 19, 2016.
- Journal Articles
  - Lennerz, BS, Barton, A, Bernstein, RK, Dikeman, RD, Diulus, C, Hallberg, S, Rhodes, ET, Ebbeling, CB, Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, and Ludwig, DS. "Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet." Pediatrics 141, no. 6 (June 2018). Full Text
  - McClernon, FJ, Froeliger, B, Rose, JE, Kozink, RV, Addicott, MA, Sweitzer, MM, Westman, EC, and Van Wert, DM. "The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function." Addiction biology 21, no. 4 (July 2016): 954-961. Full Text
  - Ivey, LD, and Westman, EC. "Weight Loss: A Patient and Physician's Perspective." Advances in therapy 33, no. 6 (June 2016): 1049-1053. (Letter) Full Text
  - Feinman, RD, Pogozelski, WK, Astrup, A, Bernstein, RK, Fine, EJ, Westman, EC, Accurso, A, Frassetto, L, Gower, BA, McFarlane, SI, Nielsen, JV, Krarup, T, Saslow, L, Roth, KS, Vernon, MC, Volek, JS, Wilshire, GB, Dahlqvist, A, Sundberg, R, Childers, A, Morrison, K, Manninen, AH, Dashti, HM, Wood, RJ, Wortman, J, and Worm, N. "Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base." Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 31, no. 1 (January 2015): 1-13. (Review) Full Text
  - Feinman, RD, Pogozelski, WK, Astrup, A, Bernstein, RK, Fine, EJ, Westman, EC, Accurso, A, Frassetto, L, Gower, BA, McFarlane, SI, Nielsen, JV, Krarup, T, Saslow, L, Roth, KS, Vernon, MC, Volek, JS, Wilshire, GB, Dahlqvist, A, Sundberg, R, Childers, A, Morrison, K, Manninen, AH, Dashti, HM, Wood, RJ, Wortman, J, and Worm, N. "Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base." Nutrition 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1-13. (Review) Full Text
  - Addicott, MA, Froeliger, B, Kozink, RV, Van Wert, DM, Westman, EC, Rose, JE, and McClernon, FJ. "Nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors differentially modulate craving, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow as measured with arterial spin labeling." Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 12 (November 2014): 2750-2759. Full Text
  - "Erratum." Journal of Clinical Lipidology 8, no. 4 (July 2014): 460-460. Full Text
  - Westman, EC. "ACP Journal Club. In overweight or obese patients with diabetes, a lifestyle intervention increased weight loss at 8 years." Annals of internal medicine 160, no. 12 (June 2014): JC4-. Full Text
  - Larrauri, JA, Kelley, LD, Jenkins, MR, Westman, EC, Schmajuk, NA, Rosenthal, MZ, and Levin, ED. "Meclizine enhancement of sensorimotor gating in healthy male subjects with high startle responses and low prepulse inhibition." Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 3 (February 1, 2014): 651-659. Full Text
  - Larrauri, JA, Kelley, LD, Jenkins, MR, Westman, EC, Schmajuk, NA, Rosenthal, MZ, and Levin, ED. "Meclizine enhancement of sensorimotor gating in healthy male subjects with high startle responses and low prepulse inhibition." Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 3 (February 2014): 651-659. Full Text Link to Item
  - Addicott, MA, Froeliger, B, Kozink, RV, Wert, DMV, Westman, EC, Rose, JE, and McClernon, FJ. "Nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors differentially modulate craving, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow as measured with arterial spin labeling." Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 12 (2014): 2750-2759. Full Text
  - Hendricks, EJ, Greenway, FL, Westman, EC, and Gupta, AK. "Blood pressure and heart rate effects, weight loss and maintenance during long-term phentermine pharmacotherapy for obesity." Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 19, no. 12 (December 2011): 2351-2360. Full Text
  - Bailey, WA, Westman, EC, Marquart, ML, and Guyton, JR. "Low glycemic diet for weight loss in hypertriglyceridemic patients attending a lipid clinic." J Clin Lipidol 4, no. 6 (November 2010): 508-514. Full Text Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Salley, A, Behm, FM, Bates, JE, and Westman, EC. "Reinforcing effects of nicotine and non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 210, no. 1 (May 2010): 1-12. Full Text Link to Item
  - Yancy, WS, Westman, EC, McDuffie, JR, Grambow, SC, Jeffreys, AS, Bolton, J, Chalecki, A, and Oddone, EZ. "A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss." Arch Intern Med 170, no. 2 (January 25, 2010): 136-145. Full Text Link to Item
  - Austin, GL, Drossman, DA, Dalton, CB, Hu, Y, Morris, CB, Hankins, J, Weinland, SR, Westman, EC, and Jr, WSY. "Reply." Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 8, no. 1 (2010): 98-99. Full Text
  - LeCheminant, JD, Smith, BK, Westman, EC, Vernon, MC, and Donnelly, JE. "Comparison of a reduced carbohydrate and reduced fat diet for LDL, HDL, and VLDL subclasses during 9-months of weight maintenance subsequent to weight loss." Lipids in Health and Disease 9 (January 2010): 54-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Boling, CL, Westman, EC, and Yancy, WS. "Carbohydrate-restricted diets for obesity and related diseases: an update." Curr Atheroscler Rep 11, no. 6 (November 2009): 462-469. (Review) Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Herskovic, JE, Behm, FM, and Westman, EC. "Precessation treatment with nicotine patch significantly increases abstinence rates relative to conventional treatment." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 11, no. 9 (September 2009): 1067-1075. Full Text
  - Austin, GL, Dalton, CB, Hu, Y, Morris, CB, Hankins, J, Weinland, SR, Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, and Drossman, DA. "A very low-carbohydrate diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome." Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 7, no. 6 (June 2009): 706-708.e1. Full Text
  - Mavropoulos, JC, Buschemeyer, WC, Tewari, AK, Rokhfeld, D, Pollak, M, Zhao, Y, Febbo, PG, Cohen, P, Hwang, D, Devi, G, Demark-Wahnefried, W, Westman, EC, Peterson, BL, Pizzo, SV, and Freedland, SJ. "The effects of varying dietary carbohydrate and fat content on survival in a murine LNCaP prostate cancer xenograft model." Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2, no. 6 (June 2009): 557-565. Full Text
  - Boling, CL, Westman, EC, and Yancy, WS. "Comparison of weight-loss diets." N Engl J Med 360, no. 21 (May 21, 2009): 2247-. (Letter) Full Text Link to Item
  - Yancy, WS, Almirall, D, Maciejewski, ML, Kolotkin, RL, McDuffie, JR, and Westman, EC. "Effects of two weight-loss diets on health-related quality of life." Qual Life Res 18, no. 3 (April 2009): 281-289. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kraft, BD, and Westman, EC. "Schizophrenia, gluten, and low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets: a case report and review of the literature. (Published online)" Nutr Metab (Lond) 6 (February 26, 2009): 10-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Westman, EC. "Rethinking dietary saturated fats." Lipid Technology 21, no. 5-6 (2009): 109-111. Full Text
  - Westman, EC. "Rethinking Dietary Saturated Fat." Food Technology 63, no. 2 (2009): 26-34.
  - Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, Mavropoulos, JC, Marquart, M, and McDuffie, JR. "The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Nutrition & Metabolism 5 (December 19, 2008): 36-null. Full Text
  - Rader, WA, Steelman, GM, and Westman, EC. "Clinical experience using appetite suppressants and SSRIs." J Okla State Med Assoc 101, no. 8 (August 2008): 180-181. Link to Item
  - Paddon-Jones, D, Westman, E, Mattes, RD, Wolfe, RR, Astrup, A, and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. "Protein, weight management, and satiety." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87, no. 5 (May 2008): 1558S-1561S. (Review) Full Text
  - Westman, EC, and Vernon, MC. "Has carbohydrate-restriction been forgotten as a treatment for diabetes mellitus? A perspective on the ACCORD study design. (Published online)" Nutr Metab (Lond) 5 (April 9, 2008): 10-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Accurso, A, Bernstein, RK, Dahlqvist, A, Draznin, B, Feinman, RD, Fine, EJ, Gleed, A, Jacobs, DB, Larson, G, Lustig, RH, Manninen, AH, McFarlane, SI, Morrison, K, Nielsen, JV, Ravnskov, U, Roth, KS, Silvestre, R, Sowers, JR, Sundberg, R, Volek, JS, Westman, EC, Wood, RJ, Wortman, J, and Vernon, MC. "Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal." Nutrition & Metabolism 5 (April 8, 2008): 9-null. Full Text
  - Yancy, WS, Olsen, MK, Dudley, T, and Westman, EC. "Acid-base analysis of individuals following two weight loss diets." Eur J Clin Nutr 61, no. 12 (December 2007): 1416-1422. Full Text Link to Item
  - Yancy, WS, Volek, JS, and Westman, EC. "Nonfasting triglycerides and cardiovascular risk." JAMA 298, no. 17 (November 7, 2007): 2004-. (Letter) Full Text Link to Item
  - Lecheminant, JD, Gibson, CA, Sullivan, DK, Hall, S, Washburn, R, Vernon, MC, Curry, C, Stewart, E, Westman, EC, and Donnelly, JE. "Comparison of a low carbohydrate and low fat diet for weight maintenance in overweight or obese adults enrolled in a clinical weight management program. (Published online)" Nutr J 6 (November 1, 2007): 36-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Feinman, RD, Mavropoulos, JC, Vernon, MC, Volek, JS, Wortman, JA, Yancy, WS, and Phinney, SD. "Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism." Am J Clin Nutr 86, no. 2 (August 2007): 276-284. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - McClernon, FJ, Westman, EC, Rose, JE, and Lutz, AM. "The effects of foods, beverages, and other factors on cigarette palatability." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 9, no. 4 (April 2007): 505-510. Full Text
  - Tendler, D, Lin, S, Yancy, WS, Mavropoulos, J, Sylvestre, P, Rockey, DC, and Westman, EC. "The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study." Dig Dis Sci 52, no. 2 (February 2007): 589-593. Full Text Link to Item
  - McClernon, FJ, Yancy, WS, Eberstein, JA, Atkins, RC, and Westman, EC. "The effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-fat diet on mood, hunger, and other self-reported symptoms." Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 15, no. 1 (January 2007): 182-187. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, Volek, JS, and Feinman, RD. "Carbohydrate restriction is effective in improving atherogenic dyslipidemia even in the absence of weight loss." Am J Clin Nutr 84, no. 6 (December 2006): 1549-. (Letter) Link to Item
  - McClernon, FJ, Hiott, FB, Westman, EC, Rose, JE, and Levin, ED. "Transdermal nicotine attenuates depression symptoms in nonsmokers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Psychopharmacology 189, no. 1 (November 2006): 125-133. Full Text
  - Feinman, RD, Vernon, MC, and Westman, EC. "Low carbohydrate diets in family practice: what can we learn from an internet-based support group. (Published online)" Nutr J 5 (October 2, 2006): 26-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Austin, GL, Thiny, MT, Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, and Shaheen, NJ. "A very low-carbohydrate diet improves gastroesophageal reflux and its symptoms." Dig Dis Sci 51, no. 8 (August 2006): 1307-1312. Full Text Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, Olsen, MK, Dudley, T, and Guyton, JR. "Effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on fasting lipoprotein subclasses." Int J Cardiol 110, no. 2 (June 16, 2006): 212-216. Full Text Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, and Kukovich, P. "Precessation treatment with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 8, no. 1 (February 2006): 89-101. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, and Humphreys, M. "Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus in the pre-insulin era (1914-1922)." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 49, no. 1 (January 2006): 77-83. Full Text
  - Mavropoulos, JC, Yancy, WS, Hepburn, J, and Westman, EC. "The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. (Published online)" Nutr Metab (Lond) 2 (December 16, 2005): 35-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Yancy, WS, Foy, M, Chalecki, AM, Vernon, MC, and Westman, EC. "A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes. (Published online)" Nutr Metab (Lond) 2 (December 1, 2005): 34-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kalvass, JC, Phinney, SD, Vernon, MC, Rosedale, R, and Westman, EC. "Comment: Decreased warfarin effect after initiation of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets." The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 7-8 (July 2005): 1371-1372. (Letter) Full Text
  - Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, and Vernon, MC. "Is a low-carb, low-fat diet optimal?." Arch Intern Med 165, no. 9 (May 9, 2005): 1071-1072. (Letter) Full Text Link to Item
  - Roth, MT, Andrus, MR, and Westman, EC. "Outcomes from an outpatient smoking-cessation clinic." Pharmacotherapy 25, no. 2 (February 2005): 279-288. Full Text Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, Haub, MD, and Volek, JS. "Insulin resistance from a low carbohydrate, high fat diet perspective." Metab Syndr Relat Disord 3, no. 1 (2005): 14-18. Full Text Link to Item
  - Fiore, MC, Westman, EC, and Theobald, W. "Update on smoking cessation." Patient Care 38, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 34-41. (Review)
  - McBride, CM, Baucom, DH, Peterson, BL, Pollak, KI, Palmer, C, Westman, E, and Lyna, P. "Prenatal and postpartum smoking abstinence a partner-assisted approach." Am J Prev Med 27, no. 3 (October 2004): 232-238. Full Text Link to Item
  - Husain, AM, Yancy, WS, Carwile, ST, Miller, PP, and Westman, EC. "Diet therapy for narcolepsy." Neurology 62, no. 12 (June 22, 2004): 2300-2302. Link to Item
  - Kolotkin, RL, Westman, EC, Østbye, T, Crosby, RD, Eisenson, HJ, and Binks, M. "Does binge eating disorder impact weight-related quality of life?." Obes Res 12, no. 6 (June 2004): 999-1005. Full Text Link to Item
  - McClernon, FJ, Westman, EC, and Rose, JE. "The effects of controlled deep breathing on smoking withdrawal symptoms in dependent smokers." Addictive Behaviors 29, no. 4 (June 2004): 765-772. Full Text
  - Yancy, WS, Olsen, MK, Guyton, JR, Bakst, RP, and Westman, EC. "A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial." Annals of Internal Medicine 140, no. 10 (May 2004): 769-777. Full Text
  - Boan, J, Kolotkin, RL, Westman, EC, McMahon, RL, and Grant, JP. "Binge eating, quality of life and physical activity improve after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity." Obesity Surgery 14, no. 3 (March 2004): 341-348. Full Text
  - Vernon, MC, Kueser, B, Transue, M, Yates, HE, Yancy, WS, and Westman, EC. "Clinical experience of a carbohydrate-restricted diet for the metabolic syndrome." Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2, no. 3 (2004): 180-186. Full Text Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Volek, JS, Kriketos, AD, and Campbell, LV. "Postprandial triglycerides in response to high fat: Role of dietary carbohydrate [1] (multiple letters)." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 34, no. 1 (2004): 74-75. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, and Samaha, FF. "Trial finds low carb diets reduce weight more than low fat diets in the short term, but have more minor adverse effects." Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine 8, no. 4 (2004): 374-377. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, and Volek, JS. "Postprandial triglycerides in response to high fat: role of dietary carbohydrate." Eur J Clin Invest 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 74-. (Letter) Link to Item
  - O' Neill, DF, Westman, EC, and Bernstein, RK. "The Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Regimen on Glycemic Control and Serum Lipids in Diabetes Mellitus." Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 1, no. 4 (December 2003): 291-298. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, Mavropoulos, J, Yancy, WS, and Volek, JS. "A review of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets." Curr Atheroscler Rep 5, no. 6 (November 2003): 476-483. (Review) Link to Item
  - Hickey, JT, Hickey, L, Yancy, WS, Hepburn, J, and Westman, EC. "Clinical use of a carbohydrate-restricted diet to treat the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome." Metabolic syndrome and related disorders 1, no. 3 (September 2003): 227-232. Full Text
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, Bates, JE, and Salley, A. "Pharmacologic and sensorimotor components of satiation in cigarette smoking." Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76, no. 2 (September 2003): 243-250. Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, and Bates, JE. "Mecamylamine acutely increases human intravenous nicotine self-administration." Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76, no. 2 (September 2003): 307-313. Link to Item
  - Vernon, MC, Mavropoulos, J, Transue, M, Yancy, WS, and Westman, EC. "Clinical experience of a carbohydrate-restricted diet: effect on diabetes mellitus." Metabolic syndrome and related disorders 1, no. 3 (September 2003): 233-237. Full Text
  - Yancy, WS, Vernon, MC, and Westman, EC. "A pilot trial of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet in patients with type 2 diabetes." Metabolic syndrome and related disorders 1, no. 3 (September 2003): 239-243. Full Text
  - Green, A, Yancy, WS, Braxton, L, and Westman, EC. "Residential smoking therapy." J Gen Intern Med 18, no. 4 (April 2003): 275-280. Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, Mathew, RJ, London, ED, Hawk, TC, Turkington, TG, and Coleman, RE. "PET studies of the influences of nicotine on neural systems in cigarette smokers." The American Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 2 (February 2003): 323-333. Full Text
  - Yancy, WS, Westman, EC, French, PA, and Califf, RM. "Diets and clinical coronary events: the truth is out there." Circulation 107, no. 1 (January 2003): 10-16. (Review) Full Text
  - Volek, JS, and Westman, EC. "Very-low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets revisited." Cleve Clin J Med 69, no. 11 (November 2002): 849-. (Review) Link to Item
  - Yancy, WS, Olsen, MK, Westman, EC, Bosworth, HB, and Edelman, D. "Relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life in men." Obesity Research 10, no. 10 (October 2002): 1057-1064. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, Yancy, WS, Edman, JS, Tomlin, KF, and Perkins, CE. "Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program." Am J Med 113, no. 1 (July 2002): 30-36. Link to Item
  - Roth, MT, and Westman, EC. "Asthma exacerbation after administration of nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation." Pharmacotherapy 22, no. 6 (June 2002): 779-782. Link to Item
  - Westman, EC. "Is dietary carbohydrate essential for human nutrition?." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 5 (May 2002): 951-953. (Letter) Full Text
  - Roth, MT, and Westman, EC. "Asthma exacerbation after administration of nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation." Pharmacotherapy 22, no. 6 I (2002): 779-782.
  - Westman, EC, Dewailly, É, and Blanchet, C. "Is dietary carbohydrate essential for human nutrition? [4] (multiple letters)." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 5 (2002): 951-954.
  - Westman, EC, Tomlin, KF, Perkins, CE, and Rose, JE. "Oral nicotine solution for smoking cessation: a pilot tolerability study." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 3, no. 4 (November 2001): 391-396. Full Text
  - Yancy, WS, Provenzale, D, and Westman, EC. "Improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease after initiation of a low-carbohydrate diet: five brief case reports." Altern Ther Health Med 7, no. 6 (November 2001): 120-119. Link to Item
  - Brauer, LH, Behm, FM, Lane, JD, Westman, EC, Perkins, C, and Rose, JE. "Individual differences in smoking reward from de-nicotinized cigarettes." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 3, no. 2 (May 2001): 101-109. (Review) Full Text
  - Roth, MT, and Westman, EC. "Use of bupropion SR in a pharmacist-managed outpatient smoking-cessation program." Pharmacotherapy 21, no. 5 (May 2001): 636-641. Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, and Westman, EC. "Acute effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on tobacco withdrawal symptoms, cigarette reward and ad lib smoking." Pharmacol Biochem Behav 68, no. 2 (February 2001): 187-197. Link to Item
  - Westman, EC. "Review: Nicotine replacement treatments achieve smoking abstinence at 6-12 months: Commentary." Evidence-Based Mental Health 4, no. 1 (2001): 21--. Full Text
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, and Johnson, M. "Dissociating nicotine and nonnicotine components of cigarette smoking." Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 67, no. 1 (September 2000): 71-81. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, Tomlin, KF, and Rose, JE. "Combining the nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch for smoking cessation." American Journal of Health Behavior 24, no. 2 (2000): 114-119.
  - Yancy, WS, and Westman, EC. "Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with exercise led to higher levels of continuous smoking cessation in women than did CBT without exercise: Commentary." Evidence-Based Mental Health 3, no. 1 (2000): 18--. Full Text
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, and Coleman, RE. "Arterial nicotine kinetics during cigarette smoking and intravenous nicotine administration: implications for addiction." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 56, no. 2 (September 1999): 99-107. Full Text
  - Westman, EC. "Factors influencing morning report case presentations." South Med J 92, no. 8 (August 1999): 775-777. Link to Item
  - Brauer, LH, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, Patel, P, and Rose, JE. "Naltrexone blockade of nicotine effects in cigarette smokers." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 143, no. 4 (April 1999): 339-346. Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Westman, EC, Behm, FM, Johnson, MP, and Goldberg, JS. "Blockade of smoking satisfaction using the peripheral nicotinic antagonist trimethaphan." Pharmacol Biochem Behav 62, no. 1 (January 1999): 165-172. Link to Item
  - Roth, MT, and Westman, EC. "Safety of Zyban in patients with co-existing medical and/or psychiatric conditions." Journal of Investigative Medicine 47, no. 2 (1999): 113A-.
  - Westman, EC, Tomlin, KF, and Shipley, RH. "Integrating transdermal nicotine therapy into nicotine fading treatments: Effects on salivary cotinine levels." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 13, no. 4 (1999): 279-283. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, and Tomlin, KF. "Implementing a patient's bill of rights with the personal health organizer." American Journal of Health Behavior 23, no. 2 (1999): 128-133.
  - Westman, EC, and Westman, JC. "You're my father, not my patient." Wisconsin Medical Journal 98, no. 4 (1999): 12-14.
  - Westman, EC. "Review: Self help interventions alone minimally increase smoking cessation: Commentary." Evidence-Based Mental Health 2, no. 2 (1999): 41--. Full Text
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, and Westman, EC. "Nicotine-mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: the role of pre-cessation therapy." Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 6, no. 3 (August 1998): 331-343. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, and Tomlin, KF. "Helping patients take control of their medical records. A case study of a personal health organizer." N C Med J 59, no. 4 (July 1998): 251-254. Link to Item
  - Westman, EC. "Commentary." Evidence-Based Medicine 3, no. 4 (1998): 126--.
  - Westman, EC, Behm, FM, Simel, DL, and Rose, JE. "Smoking behavior on the first day of a quit attempt predicts long-term abstinence." Archives of Internal Medicine 157, no. 3 (February 1997): 335-340. Full Text
  - Westman, EC. "Should managed care organizations pay for nicotine replacement therapy?." Am J Manag Care 3, no. 2 (February 1997): 335-337. Link to Item
  - Joseph, AM, Norman, SM, Ferry, LH, Prochazka, AV, Westman, EC, Steele, BG, Sherman, SE, Cleveland, M, Antonuccio, DO, Hartman, N, and McGovern, PG. "The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease." The New England Journal of Medicine 335, no. 24 (December 1996): 1792-1798. Full Text
  - Rose, JE, Westman, EC, and Behm, FM. "Nicotine/mecamylamine combination treatment for smoking cessation." Drug Development Research 38, no. 3-4 (July 1996): 243-256. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, Behm, FM, and Rose, JE. "Airway sensory replacement as a treatment for smoking cessation." Drug Development Research 38, no. 3-4 (July 1996): 257-262. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, and Rose, JE. "Do heavy smokers need a higher replacement dose of nicotine to quit?." JAMA 275, no. 24 (June 26, 1996): 1882-1883. (Letter) Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Behm, FM, and Rose, JE. "Dissociating the nicotine and airway sensory effects of smoking." Pharmacol Biochem Behav 53, no. 2 (February 1996): 309-315. Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Stein, R, and Jr, AP. "Curriculum survey of substance abuse teaching." Journal of Investigative Medicine 44, no. 1 (1996): 85A-.
  - Westman, EC, Matchar, DB, Samsa, GP, Mulrow, CD, Waugh, RA, and Feussner, JR. "Accuracy and reliability of apical S3 gallop detection." J Gen Intern Med 10, no. 8 (August 1995): 455-457. Link to Item
  - Westman, EC. "Does smokeless tobacco cause hypertension?." South Med J 88, no. 7 (July 1995): 716-720. (Review) Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Levin, ED, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, Stein, RM, Lane, JD, and Ripka, GV. "Combined administration of agonist-antagonist as a method of regulating receptor activation." Ann N Y Acad Sci 757 (May 10, 1995): 218-221. Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Behm, FM, and Rose, JE. "Airway sensory replacement combined with nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial using a citric acid inhaler." Chest 107, no. 5 (May 1995): 1358-1364. Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Levin, ED, and Rose, JE. "Nicotine as a therapeutic drug." N C Med J 56, no. 1 (January 1995): 48-51. (Review) Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Duffy, MB, and Simel, DL. "Should physicians screen for oral disease? A physical examination study of the oral cavity." J Gen Intern Med 9, no. 10 (October 1994): 558-562. Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, Levin, ED, Stein, RM, and Ripka, GV. "Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone." Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 56, no. 1 (July 1994): 86-99. Full Text
  - Levin, ED, Westman, EC, Stein, RM, Carnahan, E, Sanchez, M, Herman, S, Behm, FM, and Rose, JE. "Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking." J Clin Psychopharmacol 14, no. 1 (February 1994): 41-49. Link to Item
  - Rose, JE, Behm, FM, Westman, EC, Levin, ED, Stein, RM, Lane, JD, and Ripka, GV. "Combined Effects of Nicotine and Mecamylamine in Attenuating Smoking Satisfaction." Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2, no. 4 (1994): 328-344.
  - Caudill, TS, Westman, EC, Holleman, DR, and Rich, EC. "Resident recognition of open-angle glaucoma: effects of an educational intervention." J Gen Intern Med 8, no. 9 (September 1993): 515-516. Link to Item
  - Beauchamp, C, Westman, EC, and Govert, JA. "Treatment of acute myocardial infarction." N Engl J Med 329, no. 6 (August 5, 1993): 430-. (Letter) Full Text Link to Item
  - Friedman, HS. "Treatment of acute myocardial infarction." N Engl J Med 329, no. 6 (August 5, 1993): 430-431. (Letter) Link to Item
  - Westman, EC, Levin, ED, and Rose, JE. "The nicotine patch in smoking cessation. A randomized trial with telephone counseling." Archives of Internal Medicine 153, no. 16 (August 1993): 1917-1923. Full Text
  - Westman, EC, and Simel, DL. "Smokeless tobacco use in an outpatient veteran population." South Med J 86, no. 8 (August 1993): 912-913. Link to Item
  - Holleman, DR, Westman, EC, McCrory, DC, and Simel, DL. "The effect of sleeved arms on oscillometric blood pressure measurement." J Gen Intern Med 8, no. 6 (June 1993): 325-326. Link to Item
  - Lane, JD, Westman, EC, Ripka, GV, Wu, J, Chiang, C-C, and Rose, JE. "Pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch compared to nicotine gum." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 19, no. 16 (1993): 1999-2010.
  - "Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension." The New England journal of medicine 322, no. 12 (March 1990): 849-850. (Letter) Full Text
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