Overview
Dr. Frank Wharam is a general internist and health policy researcher. He studies the impact of national and state policies on the health of large populations, chronically ill patients, and vulnerable subgroups. His research often examines effects of health insurance benefit designs such as value-based, consumer-directed (CDHPs), and high-deductible health plans (HDHPs). He has led many large-scale studies in these areas, funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute. Dr. Wharam is a leading scholar in research about HDHPs and cost sharing. He also focuses on interventions that affect people with diabetes, substance use disorders, cancer, obesity, mental illness, and respiratory diseases. He has expertise in rigorous quasi-experiment research designs, causal inference in observational data, and large claims data analyses. His work has been published in journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA, the New England Journal of Medicine, and Health Affairs. He is the national co-chair of the Natural Experiments in Diabetes Translation (NEXT-D3) research collaborative.
Dr. Wharam is Professor of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine and a core faculty member in the Margolis Center. He directs a new center devoted to analyzing large-scale health policy effects in order to inform a more efficient and equitable health care system. He also cares for patients at the Duke Outpatient Clinic.
Dr. Wharam joined Duke after 17 years at the Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine. There he held the Martin Robison Delany endowed chair and was Director of the Division of Health Policy and Insurance Research. Before Harvard, he completed Internal Medicine residency at Duke in 2004.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
Recent Publications
Preventive Drug Lists Reduce Income-Related Disparities in Medication Adherence Over 2 Years: A Natural Experiment for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D) Study.
Journal Article Med Care · October 1, 2025 BACKGROUND: Employers add Preventive Drug Lists (PDLs) to commercial insurance plans to reduce out-of-pocket payments for medicines that treat important chronic illnesses. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impact of PDLs among patients with pre-existing d ... Full text Link to item CiteDelay in Diabetes Diagnosis After High-Deductible Health Plan Enrollment: A Pre-Post Study with Control.
Journal Article J Gen Intern Med · August 29, 2025 BACKGROUND: High-deductible health plan (HDHP) members face relatively high out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for urgent care, high-acuity care, and secondary prevention. These costs could affect the timing of cardiometabolic disease diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To deter ... Full text Link to item CiteTrends in insulin out-of-pocket costs and use disparities, 2008-2021.
Journal Article Am J Manag Care · August 2025 OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in insulin out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, use, and disparities among commercially insured patients from 2008 to 2021. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective time series from a national insurance database, with members in all US states, includi ... Full text Link to item CiteRecent Grants
Evaluating two novel, equity-focused health insurance designs: impact on diabetes outcomes
ResearchPrincipal Investigator · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2025 - 2030Comparative effectiveness of anti-obesity medications for cardiometabolic health outcomes and health services use
ResearchPrincipal Investigator · Awarded by Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. · 2023 - 2028Reducing disparities in alcohol use disorder treatment in underserved areas
ResearchPrincipal Investigator · Awarded by Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. · 2024 - 2028View All Grants