Scholars@Duke
Gregory S. Georgiade

Gregory S. Georgiade

Professor of Surgery
Surgery, Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery
georg009@mc.duke.edu
Box 3960 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
141 Baker House, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Breast-Related Quality of Life in Young Reduction Mammaplasty Patients: A Long-Term Follow-Up Using the BREAST-Q.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · November 2019 BACKGROUND: Reduction mammaplasty is the most effective means of improving symptoms of macromastia. Although studies have shown lasting benefits in adult patients, there is a paucity of data that explore this topic in young patients. In this study, the lon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Architectural Distortion Caused by an Accessory Axillary Muscle

Journal Article Journal of Breast Imaging · September 4, 2019 Full text Cite

Preoperative Partial Breast Radiation Therapy: Short-term Imaging Outcomes With Two Unique Treatment Regimens

Conference International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · November 2015 Full text Cite

Preoperative Single-Fraction Partial Breast Radiation Therapy: A Novel Phase 1, Dose-Escalation Protocol With Radiation Response Biomarkers.

Journal Article Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · July 15, 2015 PURPOSE: Women with biologically favorable early-stage breast cancer are increasingly treated with accelerated partial breast radiation (PBI). However, treatment-related morbidities have been linked to the large postoperative treatment volumes required for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of delayed lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymphnode biopsy for breast cancer.

Journal Article J Surg Oncol · June 2015 BACKGROUND: Despite universal adoption of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer, there remains no standardized protocol for preoperative lymphoscintographic assessment of sentinel nodes. Both immediate and delayed lymphoscintigraphy are curre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Abstract P5-14-04: Preoperative single-fraction partial breast radiotherapy – Initial results from a novel phase I dose-escalation protocol with exploration of radiation response biomarkers

Conference Cancer Research · December 15, 2013 AbstractPurpose/Objectives(s): Women with biologically favorable early stage breast cancer are increasingly treated with accelerated partial breast techniques. However, many alternative techniques require co ... Full text Cite

The "banked" TRAM: a method to insure mastectomy skin-flap survival.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · October 2006 BACKGROUND: Necrosis of the skin flaps after mastectomy can be a devastating complication following immediate breast reconstruction with a TRAM flap. Skin-flap loss compromises the aesthetic result and may necessitate revisional surgery. The authors wish t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delay of transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction improves flap reliability in the obese patient.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · August 2005 BACKGROUND: Since its introduction in 1982, the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap has been a mainstay of breast reconstruction. However, in certain high-risk individuals, such as the obese, smokers, and irradiated patients, flap reli ... Full text Link to item Cite

Can PC 6 stimulation be an alternative to ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting?

Journal Article Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies · March 1, 2005 Full text Cite

Immunohistochemical expression of oestrogen receptor in normal breast tissue

Journal Article Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B-Biological Sciences · 2005 Cite

A randomized controlled comparison of electro-acupoint stimulation or ondansetron versus placebo for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · October 2004 In this study we evaluated the efficacy of electro-acupoint stimulation, ondansetron versus placebo for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Patients undergoing major breast surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into activ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Basic fibroblast growth factor expression following surgical delay of rat transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · June 2004 Partial transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap loss in breast reconstruction can be a devastating complication for both patient and surgeon. Surgical delay of the TRAM flap has been shown to improve flap viability and has been advocated in "h ... Full text Link to item Cite

A cost and outcomes comparison of a novel integrated pediatric air and ground transportation system.

Journal Article J Am Coll Surg · December 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare air transportation of critically ill pediatric patients with a mixed air-ground transportation system by evaluating timeliness, safety, and cost. The setting was a tertiary care "hub" center with three ou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delay in unipedicled TRAM flap reconstruction of the breast: a review of 76 consecutive cases.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · September 1, 2002 Featured Publication Since its introduction in 1982, the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap has become the standard therapy in autogenous breast reconstruction. A lower rate of partial flap (fat) necrosis is associated with microvascular free-flap transfe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Traumatic vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula: case report.

Journal Article J Trauma · December 2000 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Outcome analysis in patients with primary necrotizing fasciitis of the male genitalia.

Journal Article Urology · July 2000 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: To characterize patients with primary necrotizing fasciitis of the male genitalia (Fournier's gangrene) and to identify risk factors and prognostic variables of survival. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients with primary necrotizing fasciitis of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery.

Journal Article Anesth Analg · June 2000 Featured Publication UNLABELLED: Cosmetic and reconstructive breast augmentation is a frequently performed surgical procedure. Despite advances in medical treatment, surgical intervention is often associated with postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting. Paravertebral nerve bl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparison of omental and pectoralis flaps for poststernotomy mediastinitis.

Journal Article Ann Thorac Surg · February 1999 BACKGROUND: Pectoralis flaps are frequently used to treat poststernotomy mediastinitis. We compared the outcomes of omental transfer, an alternative treatment for mediastinitis, with those of pectoralis flaps. METHODS: Patients treated for poststernotomy m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Streamlined critical care bed flow in a tertiary care medical center

Conference Critical Care Medicine · January 1, 1999 Introduction: A tertiary care hospital has experienced increasing level of patient acuity, high census levels, and high volume elective Operating Room schedules leading to patient flow difficulties. This culminated in significant elective OR delays in 1997 ... Full text Cite

Management and prevention of cardiovascular hemorrhage associated with mediastinitis.

Journal Article Ann Surg · January 1998 OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the causes of cardiovascular hemorrhage associated with mediastinitis and to review recommendations for prevention and treatment. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Mediastinal debridement with immediate or early coverage using healthy, vascu ... Full text Link to item Cite

What works. Surgeons generate "clean bills" from the point of care.

Journal Article Health Manag Technol · September 1997 Link to item Cite

Intracapsular implant rupture: MR findings of incomplete shell collapse.

Journal Article J Magn Reson Imaging · 1997 The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and significance of the MR findings of incomplete shell collapse for detecting implant rupture in a series of surgically removed breast prostheses. MR images of 86 breast implants in 44 patients we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complex radial folds versus subtle signs of intracapsular rupture of breast implants: MR findings with surgical correlation.

Journal Article AJR Am J Roentgenol · June 1996 Detection of intracapsular rupture of silicone breast prostheses using MR imaging is often performed by identifying the "linguine sign" [1]. The linguine sign is easily differentiated from simple radial folds that are seen in intact implants. However, more ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors contributing to patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction using silicone gel implants.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · June 1996 Recently, concerns have been raised about risks and benefits of silicone gel implants for breast reconstruction. Using a survey conducted during the silicone controversy that began in 1990, this study examines patient satisfaction in 174 women with silicon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Film screen mammography and sonography in the evaluation of breast prosthesis integrity

Journal Article Breast Disease · March 1, 1996 The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of film screen mammography and sonography in detecting implant rupture and identify findings significantly associated with rupture, The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative m ... Cite

Long-term sequelae following median sternotomy wound infection and flap reconstruction.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · December 1995 Use of muscle and omental flaps has been shown to provide reliable reconstruction of infected median sternotomy wounds; however, few reports emphasize the long-term sequelae of the complication and its treatment. This study was performed to evaluate the lo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Seromas in residual fibrous capsules after explantation: mammographic and sonographic appearances.

Journal Article Radiology · March 1995 PURPOSE: To evaluate the mammographic and sonographic findings associated with seromas that develop in residual fibrous capsules after explantation of breast prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative mammograms were reviewed in 86 p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prominent ears and their correction: a forty-year experience.

Journal Article Aesthetic Plast Surg · 1995 The technique described in this article correcting the protruding ear deformity has evolved over 40 years. The original procedures and our subsequent modifications are described, including 20-year followup results. The possible pitfalls in carrying out thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Silicone controversy: a survey of women with breast cancer and silicone implants.

Journal Article J Natl Cancer Inst · September 1, 1993 BACKGROUND: During the past 3 years, there has been a highly publicized debate concerning the potential medical complications of silicone breast implants. There have been no studies that have addressed the effect of this controversy on women with a history ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management of abdominal aortic graft complications.

Journal Article Ann Surg · June 1993 OBJECTIVE: This study reviews the outcome of 61 patients who underwent 66 reoperations for complications of aortic grafts. There were 25 patients with false aneurysm of an aortic anastomosis and 41 patients with graft infection, 17 of whom had involvement ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of failed sphincter pharyngoplasties.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · June 1992 A review of 30 failed sphincter pharyngoplasties is presented. Failure may be caused by inappropriate surgical planning, inadequate surgical technique, or inappropriate patient selection. Problems with surgical planning and technique that lead to failure w ... Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the sphincter pharyngoplasty.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · May 1992 The results of the sphincter pharyngoplasty were evaluated in 139 patients with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) who demonstrated active velar elevation. All patients underwent perceptual speech evaluation and lateral phonation radiographic study; select ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of povidone-iodine solutions used as surgical preparations on the bacterial flora of the skin.

Journal Article Adv Ther · 1990 One hundred fifty hospitalized patients undergoing elective surgery were enrolled in an open study designed to assess the bactericidal and clinical efficacy of a preoperative skin preparation procedure--application of 7.5% povidone-iodine surgical scrub fo ... Link to item Cite

Accessory parotid glands as a site of metastases from outside the head and neck: case report.

Journal Article Head Neck · 1990 Metastases to the salivary glands from outside the head and neck are rare. The world literature reports 53 cases to the parotid, and 25 to the submandibular-submaxillary gland. This is the first report of a metastasis to the accessory parotid gland. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term prognostic implications of sex-steroid receptors in human cancer.

Journal Article Prog Clin Biol Res · 1990 Progesterone receptor analysis has been used to enhance the prognostic usefulness of estrogen receptor analysis in breast cancer. Immunocytochemical assays for both steroid receptors have been shown to correlate with established biochemical techniques but ... Link to item Cite

The inferior dermal-pyramidal type breast reduction: long-term evaluation.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · September 1989 The evolution of the technique of breast reduction using an inferior dermal pyramidal flap is discussed, including the changes we have found to enhance this procedure. The recommended use of a wide-based pyramidal breast parenchyma with a dermal pedicle ni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preoperative positioning of the protruding premaxilla in the bilateral cleft lip patient.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · January 1989 The rationale and technique for preoperative retraction of a protrusive premaxilla in the bilateral complete cleft lip and palate patient are presented. Two types of pinned intraoral appliances are presented that can expand the palatal shelves while retrac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors improving survival in multisystem trauma patients.

Journal Article Ann Surg · June 1988 This report analyzes the effect of air versus ground interhospital transport on survival following multisystem injury. There were 136 air-transported patients versus 194 ground-transported patients. The groups were similar in trauma scores, ages, mechanism ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mammary implants, diving, and altitude exposure.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · February 1988 Mammary implants were exposed to various simulated dive profiles followed by altitude exposures to stimulate aircraft travel and then were observed for bubble formation and volume changes. Minimal volume changes occurred after each dive. Numerous bubbles f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Breast reconstruction following mastectomy.

Journal Article N C Med J · October 1987 Link to item Cite

The orticochea pharyngoplasty and primary palatoplasty: an evaluation.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · April 1987 A primary Orticochea pharyngoplasty with a primary palatoplasty was studied in 15 children with cleft palates. Although all children demonstrated velopharyngeal competence, radiographic, endoscopic, and oral examinations suggested that 54% of the children ... Full text Link to item Cite

Skin coverage in occupational hand injuries.

Journal Article Hand Clin · August 1986 Intact skin is vital after occupational hand injuries. The best bone, tendon, and neurovascular repairs are meaningless without suitable skin coverage to protect them. This article presents various methods of providing skin coverage in the hand after occup ... Link to item Cite

An aesthetic approach for nasal tumors.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · February 1986 An elongated columella flap has been found to give excellent exposure to the nasal dorsum, allowing satisfactory removal of soft tissue nasal masses such as dermoid cysts or hemangiomas. This approach provides a more acceptable scar than the standard verti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chain saw injuries to the face.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · February 1986 Chain saws may produce devastating facial injuries when the blade kicks back after striking a hard object. A review of experience with 12 male patients indicates that in addition to extensive ragged lacerations of skin and soft tissues, bone and teeth are ... Full text Link to item Cite

A rationale for the treatment of difficult basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · August 1985 During a 56-month period, 1,348 patients with either basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin underwent microscopically controlled excision (Mohs' fresh-tissue technique) by a dermatologic surgeon. Of these 1,348 patients, 394 required various typ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy of povidone-iodine in pre-operative skin preparation.

Journal Article J Hosp Infect · March 1985 Cultures were obtained of the microbial flora from the skin of the operation site pre-operatively and following preparation of the surgical field with povidone-iodine (PVP-I). Preliminary results indicate that PVP-I is a reasonable and effective antibacter ... Full text Link to item Cite

To share or not to share.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · February 1985 We describe our extensive experience in nipple reconstruction on breasts formed by subpectoral implants, latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps, or rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cherubism.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · January 1985 Cherubism is a rare, hereditary fibroosseous lesion of the jaws that is thought to undergo spontaneous involution after puberty. Treatment is unnecessary unless functional or emotional disturbances develop. This article describes the 21-year follow-up of a ... Full text Link to item Cite

A flap for moderate-sized oral defects.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · January 1985 The use of a cervical musculocutaneous flap is described which is easily transferable to the oral cavity to cover an osseous and soft tissue operative defect, eliminating the need for a more distant and extensive musculocutaneous flap. ... Full text Link to item Cite

HISTOLOGIC CORRELATES OF ANTI-ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ANTIBODY LOCALIZATION IN BREAST-CANCER

Conference BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT · January 1, 1985 Link to item Cite

INVOLUTION OF THE BREAST FOLLOWING ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY

Conference BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT · January 1, 1985 Link to item Cite

Masseter muscle hypertrophy.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · June 1984 Benign hypertrophy of the masseter muscle is an uncommon entity important in the differential diagnosis of head and neck masses, particularly a unilateral mass located in the cheek. Ten cases of benign masseteric hypertrophy are reviewed, current surgical ... Full text Link to item Cite

A rationale for modifying the site of insertion of the orticochea pharyngoplasty.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · June 1984 A modification of the insertion level of Orticochea flaps is proposed. The purpose of the modification is to place the pharyngoplasty at a higher site, in the area of attempted velopharyngeal contact. The site of velopharyngeal contact can be identified us ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immediate reconstruction of the breast following modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast.

Journal Article Clin Plast Surg · April 1984 Immediate reconstruction offers an adjunct to the standard modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast in highly selected patients. It provides early reestablishment of breast form with a low complication rate and high patient satisfaction. The ... Link to item Cite

Breast reconstruction following mastectomy.

Journal Article N C Med J · February 1984 Link to item Cite

Potential problems with the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction and how to avoid them.

Journal Article Br J Plast Surg · January 1984 The transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap offers a versatile and reliable technique of repair provided certain anatomical, physiological and surgical principles are closely followed. The operative technique and technical details are described and d ... Full text Link to item Cite

CORRECTION

Other BRITISH JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY · January 1, 1984 Link to item Cite

Clinical response to hormone therapy correlated with estrogen receptor analyses. Biochemical v histochemical methods.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · January 1984 Estrogen receptor (ER) analysis by sucrose density gradient analysis (SDGA) was compared with histochemical localization of estrogen binding using 6-carbomethoxy-bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanode-estradiol (E2-6-CMO-BSA-FITC) (6FE), 17-thiose ... Link to item Cite

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity in benign and malignant human mammary epithelial lesions. Histochemical evaluation.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · August 1983 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) has been identified in many tissues. The enzyme is present in normal human serum and is accepted widely as an indicator of liver disease. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase has been characterized as a putative hepatocellular ... Link to item Cite

Wound contamination. Assessment, prevention, and management.

Journal Article Postgrad Med · March 1983 The history of a wound and its clinical appearance help the clinician make appropriate decisions on management. The level of contamination in the wound can be determined with the rapid biopsy fixation technique. Extensive wound debridement, high-pressure i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complications of the forehead-brow lift.

Journal Article Aesthetic Plast Surg · 1983 The actual and possible sequelae and complications associated with a series of forehead-brow lifts are reviewed. Based on a review of the records of 61 patients who underwent the procedure, we recommend that the forehead-brow lift be primarily intended to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immunoglobulin localization in the normal human mammary gland: variation with the menstrual cycle.

Journal Article Am J Pathol · June 1982 Differences in immunoglobulin localization (IgG, IgM, IgA) in benign versus malignant lesions of the human mammary gland have been previously demonstrated. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of menstrual cycling on these imm ... Link to item Cite

Rationale for immediate reconstruction of the breast following modified radical mastectomy.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · January 1982 In 62 patients in whom modified radical mastectomy was accompanied by immediate breast reconstruction, the operative and pathologic findings are compared to the clinical results. Immediate reconstruction following modified radical mastectomy appears to off ... Full text Link to item Cite

A silent but lethal injury associated with facial trauma.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · May 1981 Without a careful evaluation of all patients with major facial injuries and a thorough search for possible associated injuries, traumatic transection of the aorta may be easily missed, if the patient survives the first 24 hours after injury. Any patient su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modified radical mastectomy with immediate reconstruction for carcinoma of the breast.

Journal Article Ann Surg · May 1981 Fifty patients undergoing immediate reconstruction of the breast following modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma were characterized by their clinical findings and the pathologic features of their tumors. Evidence of nipple--areolar involvement by tumor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Twenty–five year evaluation of external halo fixation for severe maxillofacial injuries

Journal Article Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · January 1, 1981 Full text Cite

Use of skin staples in plastic surgery.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · October 1980 Skin closure with stainless steel staples can be done economically, simply, quickly, and accurately. Stapling is indicated in a wide range of surgical procedures. Scarring is minimal and patient acceptance is excellent. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduction mammaplasty utilizing an inferior pedicle nipple-areolar flap.

Journal Article Ann Plast Surg · September 1979 A technique utilizing the inferiorly based dermal pedicle nipple-areolar flap is described. The advantages of this technique are:(1) predictable breast shape based on preoperative markings; (2) direct visibility of all areas for ease of resection and hemos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is there a reduction mammaplasty for "all seasons?".

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · June 1979 No technique will serve the needs of all patients requiring a reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy. However, the modified, inferiorly-based dermal flap technique appears to us to offer the most advantages and the greatest latitude for a predictable breast r ... Link to item Cite