Carmelo Graffagnino | Scholars@Duke

Carmelo Graffagnino
Professor of Neurology

As an neurointensivist with subspecialty training in cerebrovascular disease and neurocritical care my research focus is on the application of neurocritical care interventions to help patients with acute strokes and head injuries. My current research focuses both on improving and innovation of new therapies for patients with acute stroke as well as improving the systems of care that deliver life saving treatments to patients with stroke.

Current research studies include the use of neuroprotection strategies such as inhaled Nitric Oxide to protect the brain after removal of large vessel clots. I also involved in helping to develop and test new thrombolytic agents for use in acute stroke.

I am also working with a multidisciplinary team of systems of care experts at DCRI to re-engineer our stroke system of care across the heart of the Stroke Belt through a project called IMPROVE-Stroke Care which is leveraging novel informatics data systems to deliver state of the art care for patients with acute stroke.

I am also working with a number of colleagues in Neurology, Neurosurgery and Emergency medicine to apply the concept of system re-engineering to improve the outcomes of patients with acute traumatic brain injury in East Africa (Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania)

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Neurology, Neurology, Neurocritical Care, Neurology 2021

Contact Information

DUMC 3824, 0109 Orange Zone - South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3824, 0109 Orange Zone - South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710
(919) 684-3801

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Stroke Fellow, Medicineq, University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1992
- Neurology Resident, Medicine, University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1988 - 1991
- Medical Resident, Medicine, University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1985 - 1988
- M.D., University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1985
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Professor of Neurology, Neurology, Neurocritical Care, Neurology 2013 - 2020
- Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2011 - 2013
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2006 - 2011
- Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2004 - 2006
- Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2002 - 2004
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1994 - 2002
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1992 - 1994
Recognition
In the News
- MAY 24, 2016 Clinical Practice Today
  
  Simultaneous Occlusion of the Carotid and Middle Cerebral Arteries
- OCT 1, 2015 Duke Today
  
  Opening Eyes in Eldoret: Neurology Residents Travel to Kenya
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Expertise
  - Kenya (Country)
- Research
- Teaching
Research
Selected Grants
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Luedke, Matthew William, Carmelo Graffagnino, B Grace McKinney, Jill Piper, Edwin Iversen, and Brad Kolls. “Association of time-temperature curves with outcomes in temperature management for cardiac arrest.” Bmj Neurol Open 4, no. 1 (2022): e000273. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2022-000273.
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  - Ehrlich, Matthew E., Bin Han, Michael Lutz, Mohsen Ghiasi Ghorveh, Yasmin Ali Okeefe, Shreyansh Shah, Brad J. Kolls, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Socioeconomic Influence on Emergency Medical Services Utilization for Acute Stroke: Think Nationally, Act Locally.” Neurohospitalist 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 317–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/19418744211010049.
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  - Liu, Shimeng, Haiqing Zheng, Wengui Yu, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, Shreyansh Shah, Louis Fernando Gonzalez, Inderjit Singh, Carmelo Graffagnino, and Wuwei Feng. “Investigation of S-Nitrosoglutathione in stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature in pre-clinical and clinical research.” Exp Neurol 328 (June 2020): 113262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113262.
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  - Carlson, Andrew P., Daniel Hänggi, George K. Wong, Nima Etminan, Stephan A. Mayer, François Aldrich, Michael N. Diringer, et al. “Single-Dose Intraventricular Nimodipine Microparticles Versus Oral Nimodipine for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.” Stroke 51, no. 4 (April 2020): 1142–49. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027396.
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  - Ehrlich, Matthew E., Brad J. Kolls, Mayme Roettig, Lisa Monk, Shreyansh Shah, Ying Xian, James G. Jollis, Christopher B. Granger, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Implementation of Best Practices-Developing and Optimizing Regional Systems of Stroke Care: Design and Methodology.” Am Heart J 222 (April 2020): 105–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2020.01.004.
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  - Suarez, Jose I., Renee H. Martin, Colleen Bauza, Alexandros Georgiadis, Chethan P. Venkatasubba Rao, Eusebia Calvillo, J Claude Hemphill, et al. “Worldwide Organization of Neurocritical Care: Results from the PRINCE Study Part 1.” Neurocrit Care 32, no. 1 (February 2020): 172–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-019-00750-3.
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  - Klinger, Rebecca Y., Mary Cooter, Tiffany Bisanar, Niccolò Terrando, Miles Berger, Mihai V. Podgoreanu, Mark Stafford-Smith, Mark F. Newman, Joseph P. Mathew, and Joseph P. Neurologic Outcomes Research Group of the Duke Heart Center. “Intravenous Lidocaine Does Not Improve Neurologic Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Anesthesiology 130, no. 6 (June 2019): 958–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002668.
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  - Savitz, Sean I., Dileep Yavagal, George Rappard, William Likosky, Neal Rutledge, Carmelo Graffagnino, Yazan Alderazi, et al. “A Phase 2 Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Internal Carotid Artery Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived ALD-401 Cells in Patients With Recent Stable Ischemic Stroke (RECOVER-Stroke).” Circulation 139, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030659.
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  - Lin, Chen, Ravi Vakani, Peter Kussin, Mary Guhwe, Alfredo E. Farjat, Kingshuk Choudhury, David Renner, Chrispine Oduor, Carmelo Graffagnino, and Carmelo Neuroscience Knowledge Base Investigator Group. “Assessment of healthcare personnel knowledge of stroke care at a large referral hospital in sub-Saharan Africa - A survey based approach.” J Clin Neurosci 42 (August 2017): 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.013.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., Kyloni Phillips, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Toward Solving the Sedation-Assessment Conundrum: Neurofunction Monitoring.” Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 28, no. 2 (June 2016): 205–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnc.2016.02.007.
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  - Babi, M. A., J. Dodds, L. F. Gonzales, A. Zomorodi, M In-Ping Huang Cobb, B. Brown, T. Smith, H. forrest, and C. Graffagnino. “Dual anti-platelet use following combination systemic tbrombolytics and endovascular reperfusion therapies does not increase risk of intracranial hemorrhage: experience from a large academic medical center.” Cerebrovascular Diseases 41 (January 1, 2016): 147–147.
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  - Babi, M. A., J. Dodds, L. F. Gonzales, A. Zomorodi, M In-Ping Huang Cobb, P. Brown, T. Smith, H. Forrest, and C. Graffagnino. “Influence of age on clinical and revascularization outcomes on stroke endovascular reperfusion therapies: experience from a large academic medical center.” Cerebrovascular Diseases 41 (January 1, 2016): 149–149.
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  - Bahl, M. A., I. Dodds, L. F. Gonzales, A. Zomorodi, M In-Ping Huang Cohh, P. Brown, T. Smith, H. Forresi, and C. Graffagnino. “General anesthesia for endovascular acute ischemic stroke treatment does not compromise good functional outcomes: experience from a large academic medical center.” Cerebrovascular Diseases 41 (January 1, 2016): 52–52.
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  - Yavagal, D. R., D. Y. Huang, C. Graffagnino, G. Rappard, R. Budzik, W. Likosky, R. Tarrel, J. N. Rutledge, J. Hinson, and S. I. Savitz. “Intra-arterial delivery of autologous ALDHbr cells in ischemic stroke: final 1-year results of the recover-stroke trial.” International Journal of Stroke 10 (April 1, 2015): 13–13.
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  - Graffagnino, Carmelo, David Erlinge, Thomas Keeble, and Graham Nichol. “Current advances in the use of therapeutic hypothermia.” Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 5, no. 1 (March 2015): 9–12. https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2015.1502.
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  - Lerner, David P., and Carmelo Graffagnino. “The disappearing thrombus: An uncommon cause of ischemic stroke.” Neurol Clin Pract 4, no. 6 (December 2014): 534–35. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000039.
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  - Polderman, Kees, Niklas Nielsen, Carmelo Graffagnino, and Marvin Wayne. “Therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest.” Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 4, no. 4 (December 2014): 154–58. https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2014.1515.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., Meg G. Zomorodi, Michael L. James, Christopher E. Cox, Eugene W. Moretti, Kristina E. Riemen, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Exploring the impact of augmenting sedation assessment with physiologic monitors.” Aust Crit Care 27, no. 3 (August 2014): 145–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2013.09.001.
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  - McDonagh, David L., Miles Berger, Joseph P. Mathew, Carmelo Graffagnino, Carmelo A. Milano, and Mark F. Newman. “Neurological complications of cardiac surgery.” Lancet Neurol 13, no. 5 (May 2014): 490–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70004-3.
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  - Frank, Jeffrey I., L Philip Schumm, Kristen Wroblewski, Douglas Chyatte, Axel J. Rosengart, Christi Kordeck, Ronald A. Thisted, and Ronald A. HeADDFIRST Trialists. “Hemicraniectomy and durotomy upon deterioration from infarction-related swelling trial: randomized pilot clinical trial.” Stroke 45, no. 3 (March 2014): 781–87. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003200.
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  - Gokhale, Sankalp, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Hyperdense posterior cerebral artery sign in a setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection: a blessing in disguise?” Med Princ Pract 23, no. 1 (2014): 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351694.
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  - Gokhale, S., and C. Graffagnino. “Hyperdense posterior cerebral artery sign in a setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection: A blessing in disguise?” Medical Principles and Practice 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351694.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., Meg Zomorodi, Gavin W. Britz, Ali R. Zomorodi, Anthony Amato, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Continuous cerebral spinal fluid drainage associated with complications in patients admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage.” J Neurosurg 119, no. 4 (October 2013): 974–80. https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.6.JNS122403.
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  - Bergese, S. D., C. Graffagnino, J. Love, D. Schneider, C. Lazardis, M. LaPointe, K. Lee, G. Lynch, M. Hu, and G. C. Williams. “The evAluation of patients with aCute hypertension and intraCerEbraL hEmorRhage with intrAvenous clevidipine TreatmEnt (ACCELERATE).” Cerebrovascular Diseases 35 (January 1, 2013): 685–685.
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  - Graffagnino, Carmelo, Sergio Bergese, James Love, Dietmar Schneider, Christos Lazaridis, Marc LaPointe, Kiwon Lee, Gwendolyn Lynch, Ming-yi Hu, and Gregory C. Williams. “Clevidipine rapidly and safely reduces blood pressure in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the ACCELERATE trial.” Cerebrovasc Dis 36, no. 3 (2013): 173–80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351149.
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  - James, M. L., D. M. Olson, and C. Graffagnino. “A pilot study of cerebral and haemodynamic physiological changes during sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol in patients with acute brain injury.” Anaesth Intensive Care 40, no. 6 (November 2012): 949–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1204000605.
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  - Prvu Bettger, Janet, Karen P. Alexander, Rowena J. Dolor, DaiWai M. Olson, Amy S. Kendrick, Liz Wing, Remy R. Coeytaux, Carmelo Graffagnino, and Pamela W. Duncan. “Transitional care after hospitalization for acute stroke or myocardial infarction: a systematic review.” Ann Intern Med 157, no. 6 (September 18, 2012): 407–16. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-6-201209180-00004.
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  - Ornato, Joseph P., Carmelo Graffagnino, Hans Friberg, Michael R. Mooney, and Eyal Herzog. “Therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest.” Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2, no. 3 (September 2012): 109–11. https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2012.1513.
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  - Graffagnino, Moderator Carmelo, Participants Eyal Herzog, Justin Lundbye, and Hans-Joerg Busch. “Therapeutic hypothermia and post-cardiac arrest.” Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2, no. 1 (March 2012): 6–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2012.1502.
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  - “Corrigendum.” Nursing in Critical Care 17, no. 1 (January 2012): 56–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-5153.2011.00486.x.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., Janet Prvu Bettger, Karen P. Alexander, Amy S. Kendrick, Julian R. Irvine, Liz Wing, Remy R. Coeytaux, Rowena J. Dolor, Pamela W. Duncan, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Transition of care for acute stroke and myocardial infarction patients: from hospitalization to rehabilitation, recovery, and secondary prevention.” Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep), no. 202 (October 2011): 1–197.
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  - Swaminathan, Madhav, Alina Nicoara, Barbara G. Phillips-Bute, Nicolas Aeschlimann, Carmelo A. Milano, G Burkhard Mackensen, Mihai V. Podgoreanu, et al. “Utility of a simple algorithm to grade diastolic dysfunction and predict outcome after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.” Ann Thorac Surg 91, no. 6 (June 2011): 1844–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.02.008.
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  - Kim, G. S., A. Amato, M. L. James, G. W. Britz, A. Zomorodi, C. Graffagnino, M. Zomorodi, and DaiWai M. Olson. “Continuous and intermittent CSF diversion after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study.” Neurocrit Care 14, no. 1 (February 2011): 68–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-010-9401-y.
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  - Amato, Anthony, Gavin W. Britz, Michael L. James, Carmelo Graffagnino, Ali R. Zomorodi, Margaret E. Zomorodi, and DaiWai M. Olson. “An observational pilot study of CSF diversion in subarachnoid haemorrhage.” Nurs Crit Care 16, no. 5 (2011): 252–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-5153.2010.00444.x.
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  - Graffagnino, Carmelo, Ananda R. Gurram, Bradley Kolls, and DaiWai M. Olson. “Intensive insulin therapy in the neurocritical care setting is associated with poor clinical outcomes.” Neurocrit Care 13, no. 3 (December 2010): 307–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-010-9469-4.
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  - Ionita, Catalina C., John Baker, Carmelo Graffagnino, Michael J. Alexander, Allan H. Friedman, and Osama O. Zaidat. “Timing of symptomatic vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the effect of treatment modality and clinical implications.” J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 19, no. 2 (March 2010): 110–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.11.009.
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  - Snow, Richard, Joseph Ruane, Michelle LaLonde, Lynn Shaffer, Brett Kim, Cheryl Graffagnino, James Falko, Kathy Spencer, and Teresa Caulin-Glaser. “Randomized trial assessing the impact of a musculoskeletal intervention for pain before participating in a weight management program.” J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 30, no. 3 (2010): 173–80. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181c565c8.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., Suzanne M. Thoyre, Stacey N. Bennett, Joanna B. Stoner, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Effect of mechanical chest percussion on intracranial pressure: a pilot study.” Am J Crit Care 18, no. 4 (July 2009): 330–35. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2009523.
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  - Zaidat, O. O., C. C. Ionita, S. I. Hussain, M. J. Alexander, A. H. Friedman, and C. Graffagnino. “Impact of ruptured cerebral aneurysm coiling and clipping on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome.” J Neuroimaging 19, no. 2 (April 2009): 144–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2008.00285.x.
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  - Olson, Daiwai M., Suzanne M. Thoyre, Eric D. Peterson, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “A randomized evaluation of bispectral index-augmented sedation assessment in neurological patients.” Neurocrit Care 11, no. 1 (2009): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-008-9184-6.
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  - Aronow, Herbert D., Robert M. Califf, Robert A. Harrington, Marc Vallee, Carmelo Graffagnino, Ashfaq Shuaib, Desmond J. Fitzgerald, et al. “Relation between aspirin dose, all-cause mortality, and bleeding in patients with recent cerebrovascular or coronary ischemic events (from the BRAVO Trial).” Am J Cardiol 102, no. 10 (November 15, 2008): 1285–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.07.019.
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  - Ionita, Catalina C., Carmelo Graffagnino, Michael J. Alexander, and Osama O. Zaidat. “The value of CT angiography and transcranial doppler sonography in triaging suspected cerebral vasospasm in SAH prior to endovascular therapy.” Neurocrit Care 9, no. 1 (2008): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-007-9029-8.
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  - La Londe, Michelle, Richard Snow, Kathy Spencer, Cheryl Graffagnino, James M. Falko, and Teresa Caulin-Glaser. “Impact of participation level in a community weight loss program on determinants and prevalence of metabolic syndrome.” Circulation 115, no. 21 (May 29, 2007): E584–E584.
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  - Bennett, Stacey S., Carmelo Graffagnino, Cecil O. Borel, and Michael L. James. “Use of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in neurocritical care patients.” Neurocrit Care 7, no. 3 (2007): 221–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-007-0084-y.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., Suzanne M. Thoyre, Dennis A. Turner, Stacey Bennett, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Changes in intracranial pressure associated with chest physiotherapy.” Neurocrit Care 6, no. 2 (2007): 100–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-007-0015-y.
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  - Olson, Daiwai, Mary Lynn, Suzanne M. Thoyre, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “The limited reliability of the Ramsay scale.” Neurocrit Care 7, no. 3 (2007): 227–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-007-0069-x.
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  - McGirt, Matthew J., Robert Blessing, Michael J. Alexander, Shahid M. Nimjee, Graeme F. Woodworth, Allan H. Friedman, Carmelo Graffagnino, Daniel T. Laskowitz, and John R. Lynch. “Risk of cerebral vasopasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced by statin therapy: A multivariate analysis of an institutional experience.” J Neurosurg 105, no. 5 (November 2006): 671–74. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.105.5.671.
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  - Bushnell, Cheryl D., Jeffrey Griffin, L Kristin Newby, Larry B. Goldstein, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Carmelo A. Graffagnino, Robert A. Harrington, et al. “Statin use and sex-specific stroke outcomes in patients with vascular disease.” Stroke 37, no. 6 (June 2006): 1427–31. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000221315.60282.ca.
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  - Graffagnino, Cheryl L., James M. Falko, Michelle La Londe, Joann Schaumburg, Michael F. Hyek, Lynn E. T. Shaffer, Richard Snow, and Teresa Caulin-Glaser. “Effect of a community-based weight management program on weight loss and cardiovascular disease risk factors.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 14, no. 2 (February 2006): 280–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2006.36.
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  - Lynch, John R., Haichen Wang, Matthew J. McGirt, James Floyd, Allan H. Friedman, Alexander L. Coon, Robert Blessing, et al. “Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial.” Stroke 36, no. 9 (September 2005): 2024–26. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000177879.11607.10.
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  - Olson, Daiwai M., Carmelo Graffagnino, Kenneth King, and John R. Lynch. “Toward solving the sedation-assessment conundrum: bi-spectral index monitoring and sedation interruption.” Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 17, no. 3 (September 2005): 257–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2005.04.008.
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  - Zaidat, Osama O., Andy P. Slivka, Yousef Mohammad, Carmelo Graffagnino, Tony P. Smith, David S. Enterline, Greg A. Christoforidis, Michael J. Alexander, Dennis M. D. Landis, and Jose I. Suarez. “Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in peri-coronary angiography ischemic stroke.” Stroke 36, no. 5 (May 2005): 1089–90. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000162392.44326.ec.
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  - Ionita, Catalina C., Joseph Ferrara, David L. McDonagh, Peter Grossi, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Systemic hemostasis with recombinant-activated factor VII followed by local thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in intraventricular hemorrhage.” Neurocrit Care 3, no. 3 (2005): 246–48. https://doi.org/10.1385/NCC:3:3:246.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Consciousness, coma, and caring for the brain-injured patient.” Aacn Clin Issues 16, no. 4 (2005): 441–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/00044067-200510000-00003.
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  - Kassem-Moussa, Hassan, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Carmelo Graffagnino, Gudaye Tasissa, Cathy A. Sila, R John Simes, Harvey D. White, et al. “Incidence and characteristics of stroke during 90-day follow-up in patients stabilized after an acute coronary syndrome.” Am Heart J 148, no. 3 (September 2004): 439–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2004.01.028.
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  - Al-Senani, Fahmi M., Carmelo Graffagnino, James C. Grotta, Robin Saiki, Denise Wood, William Chung, Grant Palmer, and Ken A. Collins. “A prospective, multicenter pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using the CoolGard System and Icy catheter following cardiac arrest.” Resuscitation 62, no. 2 (August 2004): 143–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.02.016.
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  - Topol, Eric J., Donald Easton, Robert A. Harrington, Pierre Amarenco, Robert M. Califf, Carmen Graffagnino, Stephen Davis, et al. “Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international trial of the oral IIb/IIIa antagonist lotrafiban in coronary and cerebrovascular disease.” Circulation 108, no. 4 (July 29, 2003): 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000084501.48570.F6.
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  - McCarron, M. O., C. J. Weir, K. W. Muir, K. L. Hoffmann, C. Graffagnino, J. A. R. Nicoll, K. R. Lees, and M. J. Alberts. “Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on in-hospital mortality following intracerebral haemorrhage.” Acta Neurol Scand 107, no. 2 (February 2003): 106–9. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.01365.x.
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  - Kassem-Moussa, Hassan, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “Nonocclusion and spontaneous recanalization rates in acute ischemic stroke: a review of cerebral angiography studies.” Arch Neurol 59, no. 12 (December 2002): 1870–73. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.12.1870.
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  - Al-Senani, F. M., R. Saiki, W. B. Chung, E. A. Ryba, T. Bleck, H. Kassem-Moussa, D. Wood, and C. Graffagnino. “A prospective, multicenter pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using the COOLGARD system and icy catheter after cardiac arrest.” Annals of Neurology 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): S60–S60.
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  - Bulsara, Ketan R., Michael J. Alexander, Alan T. Villavicencio, and Carmelo Graffagnino. “De novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: case report.” Neurosurgery 50, no. 5 (May 2002): 1137–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200205000-00036.
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  - Schwab, S., D. Georgiadis, P. D. Schellinger, J. Berrouschot, C. Graffagnino, and S. A. Mayer. “Re: Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction - Response.” Stroke 33, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 877–78.
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  - Alberts, M. J., M. O. McCarron, K. L. Hoffmann, and C. Graffagnino. “Familial clustering of intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective study in North Carolina.” Neuroepidemiology 21, no. 1 (2002): 18–21. https://doi.org/10.1159/000048609.
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  - Schwab, S., D. Georgiadis, J. Berrouschot, P. D. Schellinger, C. Graffagnino, and S. A. Mayer. “Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction.” Stroke 32, no. 9 (September 2001): 2033–35. https://doi.org/10.1161/hs0901.095394.
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  - Harrington, R. A., P. W. Armstrong, C. Graffagnino, F. Van De Werf, D. J. Kereiakes, K. N. Sigmon, T. Card, et al. “Dose-finding, safety, and tolerability study of an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, lotrafiban, in patients with coronary or cerebral atherosclerotic disease.” Circulation 102, no. 7 (August 15, 2000): 728–35. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.7.728.
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  - Topol, E. J., J. D. Easton, P. Amarenco, R. Califf, R. Harrington, C. Graffagnino, S. Davis, et al. “Design of the blockade of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion (BRAVO) trial.” Am Heart J 139, no. 6 (June 2000): 927–33. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2000.105107.
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  - McCarron, M. O., M. J. Alberts, K. L. Hoffmann, and C. Graffagnino. “Familial clustering of intracerebral hemorrhage.” Neurology 54, no. 7 (April 11, 2000): A262–63.
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  - Abciximab in Ischemic Stroke Investigators, B. T. “Abciximab in acute ischemic stroke. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.” Stroke 31, no. 3 (March 2000): 601–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.3.601.
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  - Mahaffey, K. W., R. A. Harrington, M. L. Simoons, C. B. Granger, C. Graffagnino, M. J. Alberts, D. T. Laskowitz, et al. “Stroke in patients with acute coronary syndromes: incidence and outcomes in the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in unstable angina. Receptor suppression using integrilin therapy (PURSUIT) trial. The PURSUIT Investigators.” Circulation 99, no. 18 (May 11, 1999): 2371–77. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.18.2371.
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  - Graffagnino, C., C. R. Gomez, S. A. Mayer, G. L. Bernardini, and M. D. Malkoff. “Induced controlled extended hypothermia improves outcomes in malignant stroke.” Neurology 50, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): A412–13.
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  - Mahaffey, K. “Comparison of Stroke Rates in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes and Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 31, no. 2 (February 1998): 406A-406A. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(97)85468-x.
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  - Albers, M. J., S. E. Moore, K. L. Hoffmann, D. M. Delong, C. Graffagnino, C. Granger, and A. M. Saunders. “Genetic studies of intracerebral hemorrhage.” Stroke 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 320–320.
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  - Chu, C. T., L. G. Leithe, C. Graffagnino, L. B. Goldstein, and C. M. Hulette. “Diagnosis of intracranial vasculitis: A multidisciplinary approach.” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 120–120.
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  - Alberts, M. J., J. P. Davis, C. Graffagnino, C. McClenny, D. Delong, C. Granger, M. H. Herbstreith, K. Boteva, D. A. Marchuk, and A. D. Roses. “Endoglin gene polymorphism as a risk factor for sporadic intracerebral hemorrhage.” Ann Neurol 41, no. 5 (May 1997): 683–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410410519.
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  - Gasecki, A. P., C. Graffagnino, and V. Hachinski. “Tissue plasminogen activator in a vertebral artery dissection.” Can J Neurol Sci 24, no. 2 (May 1997): 151–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100021508.
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  - Alberts, M. J., J. P. Davis, C. Graffagnino, C. McClenny, D. Delong, M. H. Herbstreith, C. Granger, K. Boteva, D. A. Marchuk, and A. D. Roses. “Polymorphism in endoglin as a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage.” Stroke 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 69–69.
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  - Hachinski, V., C. Graffagnino, M. Beaudry, G. Bernier, C. Buck, A. Donner, J. D. Spence, G. Doig, and B. M. Wolfe. “Lipids and stroke: a paradox resolved.” Arch Neurol 53, no. 4 (April 1996): 303–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1996.00550040031011.
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  - Alberts, M. J., C. Graffagnino, C. McClenny, D. DeLong, W. J. Strittmatter, A. M. Saunders, and A. D. Roses. “Effect of ApoE genotype and age on survival after intracerebral hemorrhage.” Stroke 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 94–94.
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  - Graffagnino, C., M. H. Herbstreith, D. E. Schmechel, E. Levy, A. D. Roses, and M. J. Alberts. “Cystatin C mutation in an elderly man with sporadic amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage.” Stroke 26, no. 11 (November 1995): 2190–93. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.26.11.2190.
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  - Alberts, M. J., C. Graffagnino, C. McClenny, D. DeLong, W. Strittmatter, A. M. Saunders, and A. D. Roses. “ApoE genotype and survival from intracerebral haemorrhage.” Lancet 346, no. 8974 (August 26, 1995): 575. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91411-0.
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  - Alberts, M. J., A. Quinones, C. Graffagnino, A. Friedman, and A. D. Roses. “Risk of intracranial aneurysms in families with subarachnoid hemorrhage.” Can J Neurol Sci 22, no. 2 (May 1995): 121–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100040191.
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  - GRAFFAGNINO, C. “Cystatin C mutation in an elderly man with sporadic amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage.” Stroke 26 (1995): 2190–93.
  - Graffagnino, C., M. H. Herbstreith, A. D. Roses, and M. J. Alberts. “A molecular genetic study of intracerebral hemorrhage.” Arch Neurol 51, no. 10 (October 1994): 981–84. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1994.00540220027011.
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  - Graffagnino, C., A. P. Gasecki, G. S. Doig, and V. C. Hachinski. “The importance of family history in cerebrovascular disease.” Stroke 25, no. 8 (August 1994): 1599–1604. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.25.8.1599.
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  - ALBERTS, M. J., M. C. SPEER, A. QUINONES, C. GRAFFAGNINO, A. FRIEDMAN, and A. D. ROSES. “RISK OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS IN FAMILIES WITH SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE.” Stroke 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 248–248.
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  - GRAFFAGNINO, C. “The importance of family history in cerebrovascular disease.” Stroke 25 (1994): 1599–1604.
  - GRAFFAGNINO, C., J. MAHER, A. QUINONES, V. C. HACHINSKI, A. FRIEDMAN, G. C. EBERS, G. G. FERGUSON, C. G. DRAKE, A. D. ROSES, and M. J. ALBERTS. “GENETIC-ASPECTS OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS AND SAH.” Stroke 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 257–257.
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  - Graffagnino, C., and M. J. Alberts. “Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apoprotein A-I-C-III gene cluster in control and stroke-prone white and black subjects: racial differences.” Stroke 24, no. 6 (June 1993): 909–10. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.24.6.909.
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  - Alberts, M. J., and C. Graffagnino. “Ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch in patients with stroke.” N Engl J Med 327, no. 2 (July 9, 1992): 128–29. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199207093270215.
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- Book Sections
  - Guhwe, M., K. Blessing, S. Chioffi, and C. Graffagnino. “Medical management of a stroke.” In Emergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions, 137–49, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10693-9_11.
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  - Graffagnino, C. “Hypothermia: Physiology and applications.” In Neurocritical Care, 38–48, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511635434.006.
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- Other Articles
  - Mackensen, G. B., L. K. Ti, B. G. Phillips-Bute, J. P. Mathew, M. F. Newman, H. P. Grocott, and H. P. Neurologic Outcome Research Group (NORG). “Cerebral embolization during cardiac surgery: impact of aortic atheroma burden.” Br J Anaesth, November 2003. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeg234.
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  - Swaminathan, Madhav, Brian J. McCreath, Barbara G. Phillips-Bute, Mark F. Newman, Joseph P. Mathew, Peter K. Smith, James A. Blumenthal, Mark Stafford-Smith, and Mark Perioperative Outcomes Research Group. “Serum creatinine patterns in coronary bypass surgery patients with and without postoperative cognitive dysfunction.” Anesth Analg, July 2002. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200207000-00001.
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  - Grigore, Alina M., Hilary P. Grocott, Joseph P. Mathew, Barbara Phillips-Bute, Timothy O. Stanley, Aimee Butler, Kevin P. Landolfo, et al. “The rewarming rate and increased peak temperature alter neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery.” Anesth Analg, January 2002. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200201000-00002.
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- Conference Papers
  - Bergese, S. D., C. Graffagnino, J. Love, D. Schneider, M. LaPointe, C. Lazaridis, K. Lee, and G. Lynch. “Clevidipine rapidly and safely reduces blood pressure in acute intracerebral haemorrhage; The ACCELERATE trial cover title: clevidipine rapidly and safely reduces BP in ICH.” In European Journal of Neurology, 19:50–50. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012.
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  - Graffagnino, Carmelo, Sergio Bergese, James Love, Dietmar Schneider, Christos Lazaridis, Marc LaPointe, Kiwon Lee, and Gwendolyn Lynch. “Aggressive Blood Pressure Control with Clevidipine in Patients with Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage is Rapid and Well Tolerated: The ACCELERATE Trial.” In Stroke, 42:E218–E218. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2011.
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  - James, Michael, Gavin Britz, Carmelo Graffagnino, Margaret Zomorodi, Ali Zomorodi, and DaiWai Olson. “VENTRICULOSTOMY AND CSF DRAINAGE IN SAH.” In Critical Care Medicine, 37:A167–A167. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2009.
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  - Ionita, C. C., O. Zaidat, D. Laskowitz, J. R. Lynch, V. R. Chilukuri, M. J. Alexander, A. Friedman, and C. Graffagnino. “Correlation between Transcranial Doppler Sonography and CT angiography in detecting vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.” In Neurology, 64:A404–A404. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2005.
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  - Ionita, C. C., O. Zaidat, J. Floyd, M. J. Alexander, A. Friedman, J. R. Lynch, D. Laskowitz, V. R. Chilukuri, and C. Graffagnino. “Incidence of vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; Surgical clipping versus endovascular coiling.” In Neurology, 64:A404–5. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2005.
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  - Zaidat, O. O., C. Ionita, M. Tolbert, C. Graffagnino, and M. J. Alexander. “Endovascular cerebral aneurysm coil embolization using polymer coated (Matrix (TM)) detachable coils: Preliminary single center experience of 181 aneurysms.” In Neurology, 64:A301–A301. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2005.
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  - Zaidat, O. O., Y. Mohammad, M. J. Alexander, C. Graffagnino, C. Ionita, G. A. Christoforidis, A. P. Slivka, and J. I. Suarez. “Intraarterial thrombolytic therapy in the postcoronary angiography stroke.” In Stroke, 36:451–451. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2005.
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  - Zadat, O. O., Y. Mohammad, M. J. Alexander, C. Graffagnino, C. Ionita, G. A. Christoforidis, A. P. Slivka, and J. I. Suarez. “Intraarterial thrombolytic therapy in the postcoronary angiography stroke.” In Stroke, 36:451–451, 2005.
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  - LaLonde, M., C. Graffagnino, J. Schaumburg, T. Caulin-Glaser, M. Hyek, and R. Snow. “Differences in body weight, BMI, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose in individuals repeating a structured 6-month weight management program.” In Obesity Research, 12:A53–A53. NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY, 2004.
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  - Aronow, H. D., R. M. Califf, R. A. Harrington, M. Vallee, C. Graffagnino, A. Shuaib, D. Fitzgerald, et al. “Higher aspirin dose is associated with reduced mortality and more serious bleeding in patients with recent cerebrovascular or coronary ischemic events: Insights from the BRAVO trial.” In Circulation, 108:680–81. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2003.
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  - Graffagnino, C. “Fever control in neurointensive care unit patients using a novel catheter-based heat exchange system.” In Intensive Care Medicine, 28:S192–S192. SPRINGER-VERLAG, 2002.
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