Carmelo Graffagnino | Scholars@Duke

Carmelo Graffagnino
Professor of Neurology

As an neurointensivist with subspecialty training in cerebrovascular disease and neurocritical care my research focus is on the application of neurocritical care interventions to help patients with acute strokes and head injuries. My current research focuses both on improving and innovation of new therapies for patients with acute stroke as well as improving the systems of care that deliver life saving treatments to patients with stroke.

Current research studies include the use of neuroprotection strategies such as inhaled Nitric Oxide to protect the brain after removal of large vessel clots. I also involved in helping to develop and test new thrombolytic agents for use in acute stroke.

I am also working with a multidisciplinary team of systems of care experts at DCRI to re-engineer our stroke system of care across the heart of the Stroke Belt through a project called IMPROVE-Stroke Care which is leveraging novel informatics data systems to deliver state of the art care for patients with acute stroke.

I am also working with a number of colleagues in Neurology, Neurosurgery and Emergency medicine to apply the concept of system re-engineering to improve the outcomes of patients with acute traumatic brain injury in East Africa (Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania)

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Neurology, Neurology, Neurocritical Care, Neurology 2013

Contact Information

DUMC 3824, 0109 Orange Zone - South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3824, 0109 Orange Zone - South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710
(919) 684-3801

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Stroke Fellow, Medicineq, University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1992
- Neurology Resident, Medicine, University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1988 - 1991
- Medical Resident, Medicine, University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1985 - 1988
- M.D., University of Western Ontario (Canada) 1985
Duke Appointment History
- Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2011 - 2013
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2006 - 2011
- Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2004 - 2006
- Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2002 - 2004
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1994 - 2002
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1992 - 1994
Recognition
In the News
- MAY 24, 2016 Clinical Practice Today
  
  Simultaneous Occlusion of the Carotid and Middle Cerebral Arteries
- OCT 1, 2015
  
  Opening Eyes in Eldoret: Neurology Residents Travel to Kenya
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Expertise
  - Kenya (Country)
- Research
- Teaching
Research
Selected Grants
- IMPROVE Stroke Care Systems of Care Research Program awarded by Daiichi Sankyo Inc 2018 - 2022
- Secondary Stroke Prevention RE-SPECT ESUS awarded by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2015 - 2019
- EDGE-2 awarded by Edge Therapeutics, Inc 2016 - 2019
- Daiichi DS 1040 in Acute Ischemic Stroke awarded by Daiichi Sankyo Inc 2016 - 2018
- Medtronic Stroke Initiative awarded by Medtronic Foundation 2016 - 2018
- BMS- 986141 awarded by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 2016 - 2017
- SOCRATES awarded by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, LP 2013 - 2016
- Rivaroxaban in Reducing Post-Discharge Venous Thrombo-Embolism risk awarded by Janssen Research & Development, LLC 2014 - 2016
- TMS for Stroke Rehab awarded by Nexstim, Inc. 2014 - 2016
- EDGE SAH study awarded by Edge Therapeutics, Inc 2013 - 2016
- Transition of Care for Acute Stroke and Myocardial Infarction Patients awarded by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2010 - 2011
- Aging And Cognition After Cardiac Surgery awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2004
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Book Sections
  - Guhwe, M, Blessing, K, Chioffi, S, and Graffagnino, C. "Medical management of a stroke." In Emergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions, 137-149. January 1, 2015. Full Text
  - Graffagnino, C. "Hypothermia: Physiology and applications." In Neurocritical Care, 38-48. January 1, 2009. Full Text
- Conference Papers
  - Bergese, SD, Graffagnino, C, Love, J, Schneider, D, LaPointe, M, Lazaridis, C, Lee, K, and Lynch, G. "Clevidipine rapidly and safely reduces blood pressure in acute intracerebral haemorrhage; The ACCELERATE trial cover title: clevidipine rapidly and safely reduces BP in ICH." September 2012. Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, Bergese, S, Love, J, Schneider, D, Lazaridis, C, LaPointe, M, Lee, K, and Lynch, G. "Aggressive Blood Pressure Control with Clevidipine in Patients with Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage is Rapid and Well Tolerated: The ACCELERATE Trial." March 2011. Link to Item
  - James, M, Britz, G, Graffagnino, C, Zomorodi, M, Zomorodi, A, and Olson, D. "VENTRICULOSTOMY AND CSF DRAINAGE IN SAH." December 2009. Link to Item
  - Ionita, CC, Zaidat, O, Floyd, J, Alexander, MJ, Friedman, A, Lynch, JR, Laskowitz, D, Chilukuri, VR, and Graffagnino, C. "Incidence of vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; Surgical clipping versus endovascular coiling." March 22, 2005. Link to Item
  - Ionita, CC, Zaidat, O, Laskowitz, D, Lynch, JR, Chilukuri, VR, Alexander, MJ, Friedman, A, and Graffagnino, C. "Correlation between Transcranial Doppler Sonography and CT angiography in detecting vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." March 22, 2005. Link to Item
  - Zaidat, OO, Ionita, C, Tolbert, M, Graffagnino, C, and Alexander, MJ. "Endovascular cerebral aneurysm coil embolization using polymer coated (Matrix (TM)) detachable coils: Preliminary single center experience of 181 aneurysms." March 22, 2005. Link to Item
  - Zadat, OO, Mohammad, Y, Alexander, MJ, Graffagnino, C, Ionita, C, Christoforidis, GA, Slivka, AP, and Suarez, JI. "Intraarterial thrombolytic therapy in the postcoronary angiography stroke." February 2005. Link to Item
  - Zaidat, OO, Mohammad, Y, Alexander, MJ, Graffagnino, C, Ionita, C, Christoforidis, GA, Slivka, AP, and Suarez, JI. "Intraarterial thrombolytic therapy in the postcoronary angiography stroke." February 2005. Link to Item
  - LaLonde, M, Graffagnino, C, Schaumburg, J, Caulin-Glaser, T, Hyek, M, and Snow, R. "Differences in body weight, BMI, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose in individuals repeating a structured 6-month weight management program." October 2004. Link to Item
  - Aronow, HD, Califf, RM, Harrington, RA, Vallee, M, Graffagnino, C, Shuaib, A, Fitzgerald, D, Easton, JD, Van de Werf, F, Diener, HC, Ferguson, J, Koudstaal, P, Amarenco, P, Theroux, P, Davis, S, and Topol, EJ. "Higher aspirin dose is associated with reduced mortality and more serious bleeding in patients with recent cerebrovascular or coronary ischemic events: Insights from the BRAVO trial." October 28, 2003. Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, and Grp, FRT. "Fever control in neurointensive care unit patients using a novel catheter-based heat exchange system." September 2002. Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Lin, C, Vakani, R, Kussin, P, Guhwe, M, Farjat, AE, Choudhury, K, Renner, D, Oduor, C, Graffagnino, C, and Neuroscience Knowledge Base Investigator Group, . "Assessment of healthcare personnel knowledge of stroke care at a large referral hospital in sub-Saharan Africa - A survey based approach." Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 42 (August 2017): 71-74. Full Text
  - Olson, DM, Phillips, K, and Graffagnino, C. "Toward Solving the Sedation-Assessment Conundrum: Neurofunction Monitoring." Critical care nursing clinics of North America 28, no. 2 (June 2016): 205-216. (Review) Full Text
  - Babi, MA, Dodds, J, Gonzales, LF, Zomorodi, A, Cobb, MI-PH, Brown, B, Smith, T, forrest, H, and Graffagnino, C. "Dual anti-platelet use following combination systemic tbrombolytics and endovascular reperfusion therapies does not increase risk of intracranial hemorrhage: experience from a large academic medical center." CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES 41 (2016): 147-147. Link to Item
  - Babi, MA, Dodds, J, Gonzales, LF, Zomorodi, A, Cobb, MI-PH, Brown, P, Smith, T, Forrest, H, and Graffagnino, C. "Influence of age on clinical and revascularization outcomes on stroke endovascular reperfusion therapies: experience from a large academic medical center." CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES 41 (2016): 149-149. Link to Item
  - Bahl, MA, Dodds, I, Gonzales, LF, Zomorodi, A, Cohh, MI-PH, Brown, P, Smith, T, Forresi, H, and Graffagnino, C. "General anesthesia for endovascular acute ischemic stroke treatment does not compromise good functional outcomes: experience from a large academic medical center." CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES 41 (2016): 52-52. Link to Item
  - Yavagal, DR, Huang, DY, Graffagnino, C, Rappard, G, Budzik, R, Likosky, W, Tarrel, R, Rutledge, JN, Hinson, J, and Savitz, SI. "Intra-arterial delivery of autologous ALDHbr cells in ischemic stroke: final 1-year results of the recover-stroke trial." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE 10 (April 2015): 13-13. Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, Erlinge, D, Keeble, T, and Nichol, G. "Current advances in the use of therapeutic hypothermia." Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management 5, no. 1 (March 2015): 9-12. Full Text
  - Lerner, DP, and Graffagnino, C. "The disappearing thrombus: An uncommon cause of ischemic stroke." Neurology. Clinical practice 4, no. 6 (December 2014): 534-535. Full Text
  - Polderman, K, Nielsen, N, Graffagnino, C, and Wayne, M. "Therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest." Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management 4, no. 4 (December 2014): 154-158. Full Text
  - Olson, DM, Zomorodi, MG, James, ML, Cox, CE, Moretti, EW, Riemen, KE, and Graffagnino, C. "Exploring the impact of augmenting sedation assessment with physiologic monitors." Aust Crit Care 27, no. 3 (August 2014): 145-150. Full Text Link to Item
  - McDonagh, DL, Berger, M, Mathew, JP, Graffagnino, C, Milano, CA, and Newman, MF. "Neurological complications of cardiac surgery." The Lancet. Neurology 13, no. 5 (May 2014): 490-502. (Review) Full Text
  - Frank, JI, Schumm, LP, Wroblewski, K, Chyatte, D, Rosengart, AJ, Kordeck, C, Thisted, RA, Bernardini, G, Andrefsky, J, Krieger, D, Elkind, M, Coplin, W, Graffagnino, C, Biller, J, Wang, D, Cruz-Flores, S, Brock, D, Demchuk, A, Verro, P, Frank, J, Woo, D, Suarez, J, Pettigrew, C, and LaMonte, M. "Hemicraniectomy and Durotomy Upon Deterioration From Infarction-Related Swelling Trial: Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial." Stroke 45, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 781-787. Full Text
  - Gokhale, S, and Graffagnino, C. "Hyperdense posterior cerebral artery sign in a setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection: a blessing in disguise?." Med Princ Pract 23, no. 1 (2014): 86-88. Full Text Link to Item
  - McDonagh, DL, Berger, M, Mathew, JP, Graffagnino, C, Milano, CA, and Newman, MF. "Neurological complications of cardiac surgery." The Lancet Neurology 13, no. 5 (January 1, 2014): 490-502. (Review) Full Text
  - Olson, DWM, Zomorodi, MG, James, ML, Cox, CE, Moretti, EW, Riemen, KE, and Graffagnino, C. "Exploring the impact of augmenting sedation assessment with physiologic monitors." Australian Critical Care 27, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 145-150. Full Text
  - Gokhale, S, and Graffagnino, C. "Hyperdense posterior cerebral artery sign in a setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection: A blessing in disguise?." Medical Principles and Practice 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 86-88. Full Text
  - Olson, DM, Zomorodi, M, Britz, GW, Zomorodi, AR, Amato, A, and Graffagnino, C. "Continuous cerebral spinal fluid drainage associated with complications in patients admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage." J Neurosurg 119, no. 4 (October 2013): 974-980. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bergese, SD, Graffagnino, C, Love, J, Schneider, D, Lazardis, C, LaPointe, M, Lee, K, Lynch, G, Hu, M, and Williams, GC. "The evAluation of patients with aCute hypertension and intraCerEbraL hEmorRhage with intrAvenous clevidipine TreatmEnt (ACCELERATE)." CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES 35 (2013): 685-685. Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, Bergese, S, Love, J, Schneider, D, Lazaridis, C, LaPointe, M, Lee, K, Lynch, G, Hu, M-Y, and Williams, GC. "Clevidipine rapidly and safely reduces blood pressure in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the ACCELERATE trial." Cerebrovasc Dis 36, no. 3 (2013): 173-180. Full Text Link to Item
  - James, ML, Olson, DM, and Graffagnino, C. "A pilot study of cerebral and haemodynamic physiological changes during sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol in patients with acute brain injury." Anaesth Intensive Care 40, no. 6 (November 2012): 949-957. Link to Item
  - Prvu Bettger, J, Alexander, KP, Dolor, RJ, Olson, DM, Kendrick, AS, Wing, L, Coeytaux, RR, Graffagnino, C, and Duncan, PW. "Transitional care after hospitalization for acute stroke or myocardial infarction: a systematic review." Ann Intern Med 157, no. 6 (September 18, 2012): 407-416. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Ornato, JP, Graffagnino, C, Friberg, H, Mooney, MR, and Herzog, E. "Therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest." Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management 2, no. 3 (September 2012): 109-111. Full Text
  - Graffagnino, MC, Herzog, PE, Lundbye, J, and Busch, H-J. "Therapeutic Hypothermia and Post-Cardiac Arrest." Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management 2, no. 1 (March 2012): 6-9. Full Text
  - Kim, GS, Amato, A, James, ML, Britz, GW, Zomorodi, A, Graffagnino, C, Zomorodi, M, and Olson, DM. "An observational pilot study of CSF diversion in subarachnoid haemorrhage. (vol 16, pg 252, 2011)." NURSING IN CRITICAL CARE 17, no. 1 (2012): 56-56. Full Text Link to Item
  - Olson, DM, Bettger, JP, Alexander, KP, Kendrick, AS, Irvine, JR, Wing, L, Coeytaux, RR, Dolor, RJ, Duncan, PW, and Graffagnino, C. "Transition of care for acute stroke and myocardial infarction patients: from hospitalization to rehabilitation, recovery, and secondary prevention." Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) , no. 202 (October 2011): 1-197. (Review) Link to Item
  - Amato, A, Britz, GW, James, ML, Graffagnino, C, Zomorodi, AR, Zomorodi, ME, and Olson, DM. "An observational pilot study of CSF diversion in subarachnoid haemorrhage." Nurs Crit Care 16, no. 5 (September 2011): 252-260. Full Text Link to Item
  - Swaminathan, M, Nicoara, A, Phillips-Bute, BG, Aeschlimann, N, Milano, CA, Mackensen, GB, Podgoreanu, MV, Velazquez, EJ, Stafford-Smith, M, Mathew, JP, and Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Research Endeavors (CARE) Group, . "Utility of a simple algorithm to grade diastolic dysfunction and predict outcome after coronary artery bypass graft surgery." Ann Thorac Surg 91, no. 6 (June 2011): 1844-1850. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kim, GS, Amato, A, James, ML, Britz, GW, Zomorodi, A, Graffagnino, C, Zomorodi, M, and Olson, DM. "Continuous and intermittent CSF diversion after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study." Neurocrit Care 14, no. 1 (February 2011): 68-72. Full Text Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, Gurram, AR, Kolls, B, and Olson, DM. "Intensive insulin therapy in the neurocritical care setting is associated with poor clinical outcomes." Neurocrit Care 13, no. 3 (December 2010): 307-312. Full Text Link to Item
  - Snow, R, Ruane, J, LaLonde, M, Shaffer, L, Kim, B, Graffagnino, C, Falko, J, Spencer, K, and Caulin-Glaser, T. "Randomized trial assessing the impact of a musculoskeletal intervention for pain before participating in a weight management program." J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 30, no. 3 (May 2010): 173-180. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ionita, CC, Baker, J, Graffagnino, C, Alexander, MJ, Friedman, AH, and Zaidat, OO. "Timing of symptomatic vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the effect of treatment modality and clinical implications." J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 19, no. 2 (March 2010): 110-115. Full Text Link to Item
  - Olson, DM, Thoyre, SM, Bennett, SN, Stoner, JB, and Graffagnino, C. "Effect of mechanical chest percussion on intracranial pressure: a pilot study." Am J Crit Care 18, no. 4 (July 2009): 330-335. Full Text Link to Item
  - Zaidat, OO, Ionita, CC, Hussain, SI, Alexander, MJ, Friedman, AH, and Graffagnino, C. "Impact of ruptured cerebral aneurysm coiling and clipping on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome." J Neuroimaging 19, no. 2 (April 2009): 144-149. Full Text Link to Item
  - Olson, DM, Thoyre, SM, Peterson, ED, and Graffagnino, C. "A randomized evaluation of bispectral index-augmented sedation assessment in neurological patients." Neurocrit Care 11, no. 1 (2009): 20-27. Full Text Link to Item
  - Aronow, HD, Califf, RM, Harrington, RA, Vallee, M, Graffagnino, C, Shuaib, A, Fitzgerald, DJ, Easton, JD, Van de Werf, F, Diener, H-C, Ferguson, J, Koudstaal, PJ, Amarenco, P, Theroux, P, Davis, S, and Topol, EJ. "Relation between aspirin dose, all-cause mortality, and bleeding in patients with recent cerebrovascular or coronary ischemic events (from the BRAVO Trial)." Am J Cardiol 102, no. 10 (November 15, 2008): 1285-1290. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ionita, CC, Graffagnino, C, Alexander, MJ, and Zaidat, OO. "The value of CT angiography and transcranial doppler sonography in triaging suspected cerebral vasospasm in SAH prior to endovascular therapy." Neurocrit Care 9, no. 1 (2008): 8-12. Full Text Link to Item
  - La Londe, M, Snow, R, Spencer, K, Graffagnino, C, Falko, JM, and Caulin-Glaser, T. "Impact of participation level in a community weight loss program on determinants and prevalence of metabolic syndrome." CIRCULATION 115, no. 21 (May 29, 2007): E584-E584. Link to Item
  - Bennett, SS, Graffagnino, C, Borel, CO, and James, ML. "Use of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in neurocritical care patients." Neurocrit Care 7, no. 3 (2007): 221-226. Full Text Link to Item
  - Olson, D, Lynn, M, Thoyre, SM, and Graffagnino, C. "The limited reliability of the Ramsay scale." Neurocrit Care 7, no. 3 (2007): 227-231. Full Text Link to Item
  - Olson, DM, Thoyre, SM, Turner, DA, Bennett, S, and Graffagnino, C. "Changes in intracranial pressure associated with chest physiotherapy." Neurocrit Care 6, no. 2 (2007): 100-103. Full Text Link to Item
  - McGirt, MJ, Blessing, R, Alexander, MJ, Nimjee, SM, Woodworth, GF, Friedman, AH, Graffagnino, C, Laskowitz, DT, and Lynch, JR. "Risk of cerebral vasopasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced by statin therapy: A multivariate analysis of an institutional experience." J Neurosurg 105, no. 5 (November 2006): 671-674. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bushnell, CD, Griffin, J, Newby, LK, Goldstein, LB, Mahaffey, KW, Graffagnino, CA, Harrington, RA, White, HD, Simes, RJ, Califf, RM, Topol, EJ, and Easton, JD. "Statin use and sex-specific stroke outcomes in patients with vascular disease." Stroke 37, no. 6 (June 2006): 1427-1431. Full Text Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, CL, Falko, JM, La Lande, M, Schaumburg, J, Hyek, MF, Shaffer, LET, Snow, R, and Caulin-Glaser, T. "Effect of a community-based weight management program on weight loss and cardiovascular disease risk factors." Obesity 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 280-288. Full Text
  - Olson, DM, and Graffagnino, C. "Consciousness, coma, and caring for the brain-injured patient." AACN Clin Issues 16, no. 4 (October 2005): 441-455. (Review) Link to Item
  - Lynch, JR, Wang, H, McGirt, MJ, Floyd, J, Friedman, AH, Coon, AL, Blessing, R, Alexander, MJ, Graffagnino, C, Warner, DS, and Laskowitz, DT. "Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial." Stroke 36, no. 9 (September 2005): 2024-2026. Full Text Link to Item
  - Olson, DM, Graffagnino, C, King, K, and Lynch, JR. "Toward solving the sedation-assessment conundrum: bi-spectral index monitoring and sedation interruption." Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 17, no. 3 (September 2005): 257-267. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Zaidat, OO, Slivka, AP, Mohammad, Y, Graffagnino, C, Smith, TP, Enterline, DS, Christoforidis, GA, Alexander, MJ, Landis, DMD, and Suarez, JI. "Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in peri-coronary angiography ischemic stroke." Stroke 36, no. 5 (May 2005): 1089-1090. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ionita, CC, Ferrara, J, McDonagh, DL, Grossi, P, and Graffagnino, C. "Systemic hemostasis with recombinant-activated factor VII followed by local thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in intraventricular hemorrhage." Neurocrit Care 3, no. 3 (2005): 246-248. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kassem-Moussa, H, Mahaffey, KW, Graffagnino, C, Tasissa, G, Sila, CA, Simes, RJ, White, HD, Califf, RM, Bhapkar, MV, Newby, LK, and SYMPHONY and 2nd SYMPHONY Investigators, . "Incidence and characteristics of stroke during 90-day follow-up in patients stabilized after an acute coronary syndrome." Am Heart J 148, no. 3 (September 2004): 439-446. Full Text Link to Item
  - Al-Senani, FM, Graffagnino, C, Grotta, JC, Saiki, R, Wood, D, Chung, W, Palmer, G, and Collins, KA. "A prospective, multicenter pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using the CoolGard System and Icy catheter following cardiac arrest." Resuscitation 62, no. 2 (August 2004): 143-150. Full Text Link to Item
  - Topol, EJ, Easton, D, Harrington, RA, Amarenco, P, Califf, RM, Graffagnino, C, Davis, S, Diener, H-C, Ferguson, J, Fitzgerald, D, Granett, J, Shuaib, A, Koudstaal, PJ, Theroux, P, Van de Werf, F, Sigmon, K, Pieper, K, Vallee, M, Willerson, JT, and Blockade of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor to Avoid Vascular Occlusion Trial Investigators, . "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international trial of the oral IIb/IIIa antagonist lotrafiban in coronary and cerebrovascular disease." Circulation 108, no. 4 (July 29, 2003): 399-406. Full Text Link to Item
  - McCarron, MO, Weir, CJ, Muir, KW, Hoffmann, KL, Graffagnino, C, Nicoll, JAR, Lees, KR, and Alberts, MJ. "Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on in-hospital mortality following intracerebral haemorrhage." Acta Neurol Scand 107, no. 2 (February 2003): 106-109. Link to Item
  - Kassem-Moussa, H, and Graffagnino, C. "Nonocclusion and spontaneous recanalization rates in acute ischemic stroke: a review of cerebral angiography studies." Arch Neurol 59, no. 12 (December 2002): 1870-1873. (Review) Link to Item
  - Al-Senani, FM, Saiki, R, Chung, WB, Ryba, EA, Bleck, T, Kassem-Moussa, H, Wood, D, and Graffagnino, C. "A prospective, multicenter pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using the COOLGARD system and icy catheter after cardiac arrest." ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 52, no. 3 (September 2002): S60-S60. Link to Item
  - Bulsara, KR, Alexander, MJ, Villavicencio, AT, and Graffagnino, C. "De novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: case report." Neurosurgery 50, no. 5 (May 2002): 1137-1140. Link to Item
  - Schwab, S, Georgiadis, D, Schellinger, PD, Berrouschot, J, Graffagnino, C, and Mayer, SA. "Re: Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction - Response." STROKE 33, no. 3 (March 2002): 877-878. Link to Item
  - Alberts, MJ, McCarron, MO, Hoffmann, KL, and Graffagnino, C. "Familial clustering of intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective study in North Carolina." Neuroepidemiology 21, no. 1 (January 2002): 18-21. Full Text Link to Item
  - Schwab, S, Georgiadis, D, Berrouschot, J, Schellinger, PD, Graffagnino, C, and Mayer, SA. "Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction." Stroke 32, no. 9 (September 2001): 2033-2035. Link to Item
  - Harrington, RA, Armstrong, PW, Graffagnino, C, Van De Werf, F, Kereiakes, DJ, Sigmon, KN, Card, T, Joseph, DM, Samuels, R, Granett, J, Chan, R, Califf, RM, and Topol, EJ. "Dose-finding, safety, and tolerability study of an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, lotrafiban, in patients with coronary or cerebral atherosclerotic disease." Circulation 102, no. 7 (August 15, 2000): 728-735. Link to Item
  - Topol, EJ, Easton, JD, Amarenco, P, Califf, R, Harrington, R, Graffagnino, C, Davis, S, Diener, HC, Ferguson, J, Fitzgerald, D, Shuaib, A, Koudstaal, PJ, Theroux, P, Van de Werf, F, Willerson, JT, Chan, R, Samuels, R, Ilson, B, and Granett, J. "Design of the blockade of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion (BRAVO) trial." Am Heart J 139, no. 6 (June 2000): 927-933. Link to Item
  - McCarron, MO, Alberts, MJ, Hoffmann, KL, and Graffagnino, C. "Familial clustering of intracerebral hemorrhage." NEUROLOGY 54, no. 7 (April 11, 2000): A262-A263. Link to Item
  - Adams, HP, Bogousslavsky, J, Barnathan, E, Brott, T, Fisher, M, Furlan, AJ, Graffagnino, C, Kappelle, J, Kothari, R, Leclerc, JR, Moulin, T, Polzer, J, Torner, J, Worley, S, Haley, CE, Day, JH, Levine, SR, Thompson, JLP, Sherman, DG, Sane, DC, Maley, JE, Grimsman, KJ, Maeder, M, Clarke, WR, Anderson, K, Cook, R, FitzPatrick, S, Peeters, A, Cras, P, Blecic, S, Laloux, P, Chatel, M, Mahagne, H, Moulin, T, Hacke, W, Diener, HC, Bogousslavsky, J, Maeder, M, Kappelle, LJ, Vermulen, M, and Kwa, VIH et al. "Abciximab in acute ischemic stroke - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study." STROKE 31, no. 3 (March 2000): 601-609. Link to Item
  - Mahaffey, KW, Harrington, RA, Simoons, ML, Granger, CB, Graffagnino, C, Alberts, MJ, Laskowitz, DT, Miller, JM, Sloan, MA, Berdan, LG, MacAulay, CM, Lincoff, AM, Deckers, J, Topol, EJ, and Califf, RM. "Stroke in patients with acute coronary syndromes: incidence and outcomes in the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in unstable angina. Receptor suppression using integrilin therapy (PURSUIT) trial. The PURSUIT Investigators." Circulation 99, no. 18 (May 11, 1999): 2371-2377. Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, Gomez, CR, Mayer, SA, Bernardini, GL, and Malkoff, MD. "Induced controlled extended hypothermia improves outcomes in malignant stroke." NEUROLOGY 50, no. 4 (April 1998): A412-A413. Link to Item
  - Mahaffey, KW, Harrington, RA, Graffagnino, C, Alberts, MJ, Sloan, MA, Miller, JM, Granger, CB, Simoons, ML, Topol, EJ, and Califf, RM. "Comparison of stroke rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes and patients with acute myocardial infarction." JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY 31, no. 2 (February 1998): 406A-406A. Full Text Link to Item
  - Albers, MJ, Moore, SE, Hoffmann, KL, Delong, DM, Graffagnino, C, Granger, C, and Saunders, AM. "Genetic studies of intracerebral hemorrhage." STROKE 29, no. 1 (January 1998): 320-320. Link to Item
  - Alberts, MJ, Davis, JP, Graffagnino, C, McClenny, C, Delong, D, Granger, C, Herbstreith, MH, Boteva, K, Marchuk, DA, and Roses, AD. "Endoglin gene polymorphism as a risk factor for sporadic intracerebral hemorrhage." Ann Neurol 41, no. 5 (May 1997): 683-686. Full Text Link to Item
  - Chu, CT, Leithe, LG, Graffagnino, C, Goldstein, LB, and Hulette, CM. "Diagnosis of intracranial vasculitis: A multidisciplinary approach." JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 56, no. 5 (May 1997): 120-120. Link to Item
  - Gasecki, AP, Graffagnino, C, and Hachinski, V. "Tissue plasminogen activator in a vertebral artery dissection." Can J Neurol Sci 24, no. 2 (May 1997): 151-154. Link to Item
  - Alberts, MJ, Davis, JP, Graffagnino, C, McClenny, C, Delong, D, Herbstreith, MH, Granger, C, Boteva, K, Marchuk, DA, and Roses, AD. "Polymorphism in endoglin as a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage." STROKE 28, no. 1 (January 1997): 69-69. Link to Item
  - Hachinski, V, Graffagnino, C, Beaudry, M, Bernier, G, Buck, C, Donner, A, Spence, JD, Doig, G, and Wolfe, BM. "Lipids and stroke: a paradox resolved." Arch Neurol 53, no. 4 (April 1996): 303-308. Link to Item
  - Alberts, MJ, Graffagnino, C, McClenny, C, DeLong, D, Strittmatter, WJ, Saunders, AM, and Roses, AD. "Effect of ApoE genotype and age on survival after intracerebral hemorrhage." STROKE 27, no. 1 (January 1996): 94-94. Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, Herbstreith, MH, Schmechel, DE, Levy, E, Roses, AD, and Alberts, MJ. "Cystatin C mutation in an elderly man with sporadic amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage." Stroke 26, no. 11 (November 1995): 2190-2193. Link to Item
  - Alberts, MJ, Graffagnino, C, McClenny, C, DeLong, D, Strittmatter, W, Saunders, AM, and Roses, AD. "ApoE genotype and survival from intracerebral haemorrhage." Lancet 346, no. 8974 (August 26, 1995): 575-. (Letter) Link to Item
  - Alberts, MJ, Quinones, A, Graffagnino, C, Friedman, A, and Roses, AD. "Risk of intracranial aneurysms in families with subarachnoid hemorrhage." Can J Neurol Sci 22, no. 2 (May 1995): 121-125. Link to Item
  - GRAFFAGNINO, C. "Cystatin C mutation in an elderly man with sporadic amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage." Stroke 26 (1995): 2190-2193.
  - Graffagnino, C, Herbstreith, MH, Roses, AD, and Alberts, MJ. "A molecular genetic study of intracerebral hemorrhage." Arch Neurol 51, no. 10 (October 1994): 981-984. Link to Item
  - Graffagnino, C, Gasecki, AP, Doig, GS, and Hachinski, VC. "The importance of family history in cerebrovascular disease." Stroke 25, no. 8 (August 1994): 1599-1604. Link to Item
  - ALBERTS, MJ, SPEER, MC, QUINONES, A, GRAFFAGNINO, C, FRIEDMAN, A, and ROSES, AD. "RISK OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS IN FAMILIES WITH SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE." STROKE 25, no. 1 (January 1994): 248-248. Link to Item
  - GRAFFAGNINO, C, MAHER, J, QUINONES, A, HACHINSKI, VC, FRIEDMAN, A, EBERS, GC, FERGUSON, GG, DRAKE, CG, ROSES, AD, and ALBERTS, MJ. "GENETIC-ASPECTS OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS AND SAH." STROKE 25, no. 1 (January 1994): 257-257. Link to Item
  - GRAFFAGNINO, C. "The importance of family history in cerebrovascular disease." Stroke 25 (1994): 1599-1604.
  - Graffagnino, C, and Alberts, MJ. "Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apoprotein A-I-C-III gene cluster in control and stroke-prone white and black subjects: racial differences." Stroke 24, no. 6 (June 1993): 909-910. (Letter) Link to Item
  - Alberts, MJ, and Graffagnino, C. "Ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch in patients with stroke." N Engl J Med 327, no. 2 (July 9, 1992): 128-129. (Letter) Full Text Link to Item
- Other Articles
  - Mackensen, GB, Ti, LK, Phillips-Bute, BG, Mathew, JP, Newman, MF, Grocott, HP, and Neurologic Outcome Research Group (NORG), . "Cerebral embolization during cardiac surgery: impact of aortic atheroma burden." Br J Anaesth 91, no. 5 (November 2003): 656-661. Link to Item
  - Swaminathan, M, McCreath, BJ, Phillips-Bute, BG, Newman, MF, Mathew, JP, Smith, PK, Blumenthal, JA, Stafford-Smith, M, and Perioperative Outcomes Research Group, . "Serum creatinine patterns in coronary bypass surgery patients with and without postoperative cognitive dysfunction." Anesth Analg 95, no. 1 (July 2002): 1-8. Link to Item
  - Grigore, AM, Grocott, HP, Mathew, JP, Phillips-Bute, B, Stanley, TO, Butler, A, Landolfo, KP, Reves, JG, Blumenthal, JA, Newman, MF, and Neurologic Outcome Research Group of the Duke Heart Center, . "The rewarming rate and increased peak temperature alter neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery." Anesth Analg 94, no. 1 (January 2002): 4-10. Link to Item

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