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Gregory Allan Wray

Professor of Biology
Biology
Duke Box 90325, Durham, NC 27708-0325
125 Science Drive, 4104 French Family Science Center, Durham, NC 27708

Overview


I study the evolution of genes and genomes with the broad aim of understanding the origins of biological diversity. My approach focuses on changes in the expression of genes using both empirical and computational approaches and spans scales of biological organization from single nucleotides through gene networks to entire genomes. At the finer end of this spectrum of scale, I am focusing on understanding the functional consequences and fitness components of specific genetic variants within regulatory sequences of several genes associated with ecologically relevant traits. At the other end of the scale, I am developing molecular and analytical methods to detect changes in gene function throughout entire genomes, including statistical frameworks for detecting natural selection on regulatory elements and empirical approaches to identify functional variation in transcriptional regulation. At intermediate scales, I am investigating functional variation within a dense gene network in the context of wild populations and natural perturbations. My research leverages the advantages of several different model systems, but primarily focuses on sea urchins and primates (including humans).

Current Appointments & Affiliations


Professor of Biology · 2005 - Present Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences
Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology · 2008 - Present Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences
Professor of Cell Biology · 2022 - Present Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments

In the News


Published March 4, 2021
Duke Starts Sequencing COVID Genes, Finds Two Known Variants
Published October 15, 2020
'Silent' Mutations Gave the Coronavirus an Evolutionary Edge
Published June 26, 2019
What Made Humans 'the Fat Primate'?

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Recent Publications


Genetically tractable embryonic cell lines from sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

Journal Article Communications biology · October 2025 Sea urchins have been valuable research models for over a century, advancing our understanding of fundamental biological processes like cell cycle regulation and developmental gene regulatory networks. While an increasing number of functional genomic resou ... Full text Cite

A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis.

Journal Article Nature · July 2025 Humans have evolved an extraordinarily expanded and complex cerebral cortex associated with developmental and gene regulatory modifications1-3. Human accelerated regions (HARs) are highly conserved DNA sequences with human-specific nucleotide substitutions ... Full text Link to item Cite
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Recent Grants


Effectively Linking Molecular Informatics and Network Analytics to Reduce Malaria (ELIMINAR-Malaria)

ResearchCo-Mentor · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2024 - 2028

Embryonic Cell Recognition: Specificity Determinants

ResearchCo-Principal Investigator · Awarded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development · 1980 - 2028

Roles for uniquely human enhancers in brain development and Wnt signaling

ResearchCollaborator · Awarded by National Institute of Mental Health · 2023 - 2027

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Education, Training & Certifications


Duke University · 1987 Ph.D.
College of William and Mary · 1981 B.S.

External Links


Wray Lab