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H. Frederik Nijhout

John Franklin Crowell Distinguished Professor of Biology
Biology
Duke Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0325
322 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708

Overview


Fred Nijhout is broadly interested in developmental physiology and in the interactions between development and evolution. He has several lines of research ongoing in his laboratory that on the surface may look independent from one another, but all share a conceptual interest in understanding how complex traits arise through, and are affected by, the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. 1) The control of polyphenic development in insects. This work attempts to understand how the insect developmental hormones, ecdysone and juvenile hormone, act to control alternative developmental pathways within a single individual. His studies and those of his students have dealt with the control of sequential polyphenism in metamorphosis, of alternate polyphenisms in caste determination of social insects and the many seasonal forms of insects. 2) The regulation of organ and body size in insects. Ongoing research deals with the mechanism by which insects asses their body size and stop growing when they have achieved a characteristic size. Other studies deal with the control of growth and size of imaginal disks. This work is revealing that the control of body and organ size does not reside in any specific cellular or molecular mechanism but that it is a systems property in which cellular, physiological and environmental signals all contribute in inextricable ways to produce the final phenotype. 3) The development and evolution of color patterns in Lepidoptera. Ongoing research attempts to elucidate the evolution of mimicry using genetic and genomic approaches. 4) The development, genetics and evolution of complex traits. Complex traits are those whose variation is affected by many genes and environmental factors and whose inheritance does not follow Mendel’s laws. In practice this involves understanding how genetic and developmental networks operate when there is allelic variation in their genes. This work attempts to reconstruct complex traits through mathematical models of the genetic and developmental processes by which they originate, and uses these models to study the effects of mutation and selection. Currently metabolic networks are being used to develop a deeper understanding of the functional relationships between genetic variation and trait variation, and of the mechanisms by which genetic and environmental variables interact to produce phenotypes. More on web page: http://www.biology.duke.edu/nijhout/

Current Appointments & Affiliations


John Franklin Crowell Distinguished Professor of Biology · 2014 - Present Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences
Professor of Biology · 2000 - Present Biology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences

In the News


Published April 30, 2025
Biologist Fred Nijhout Elected to National Academy of Sciences
Published April 15, 2024
Today’s Faculty Reflect on a Century of Scholars
Published November 9, 2023
A Student’s Ode to Refrigerated Insects

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Recent Publications


Genetic assimilation, robustness and plasticity are key processes in the development and evolution of novel traits.

Journal Article Developmental biology · July 2025 This is a commentary on how C.H. Waddington's experiments in the 1950's, first published in 1953 in a provocatively titled paper "Genetic assimilation of an acquired character," laid the foundation for the field of phenotypic plasticity, and how the ideas ... Full text Open Access Cite

Molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of a color polyphenism by genetic accommodation in the tobacco hornworm, <i>Manduca sexta</i>.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · March 2025 How organisms evolve under extreme environmental changes is a critical question in the face of global climate change. Genetic accommodation is an evolutionary process by which natural selection acts on novel phenotypes generated through repeated encounters ... Full text Cite

A mathematical model of melatonin synthesis and interactions with the circadian clock.

Journal Article Mathematical biosciences · November 2024 A new mathematical model of melatonin synthesis in pineal cells is created and connected to a slightly modified previously created model of the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN influences the production of melatonin by upregula ... Full text Cite
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Education, Training & Certifications


Harvard University · 1974 Ph.D.
Harvard University · 1972 M.A.
University of Notre Dame · 1970 B.S.