James Brendan Heffernan | Scholars@Duke

James Brendan Heffernan
Associate Professor of Ecosystem Ecology and Ecohydrology

I am interested in major changes in ecosystem structure, particularly in streams, rivers and wetlands. My work focuses on feedbacks among ecological, physical, and biogeochemical processes, and uses a wide range of tools and approaches. I am particularly interested in projects that address both basic ecological theory and pressing environmental problems. Increasingly, we are applying tools and theories developed for local ecosystems to better understand ecological patterns and mechanisms at regional and continental scales.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Ecosystem Ecology and Ecohydrology, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2020

Contact Information

9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708
90328, Durham, NC 27708
james.heffernan@duke.edu (919) 681-4193
Heffernan Lab Webpage
Heffernan Lab on Twitter

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Arizona State University 2007
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Assistant Professor of Ecosystem Ecology and Ecohydrology, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2012 - 2020
Recognition
In the News
- FEB 13, 2019 Nicholas School of the Environment
  
  For At-Risk Marshes, There's a Tipping Point. New Study Suggests How to Predict It
- OCT 6, 2015
  
  Nicholas Faculty Launch Five-Year Project to Research Stream Biomes
Expertise
Subject Headings
Global Scholarship
- Expertise
- Research
Research
Selected Grants
- Landscape Pattern: Ridge, Slough, and Tree Island Mosaics awarded by Florida International University 2013 - 2023
- Macrosystems, Collaborative Research: Defining Stream Biomes Beyond the Steady State awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2023
- Collaborative Proposal: MSB-FRA: Alternative Ecological Futures for the American Residential Macrosystem. awarded by National Science Foundation 2017 - 2020
- Workshop: Respiration Regimes in River Networks: A cross-biome perspective awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2019
- Collaborative Research: Watershed, estuarine, and local drivers of coastal marsh establishment and resilience awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2018
- The Ecological Drill Hypothesis: Biotic Control on Carbonate Dissolution in a Low-Relief Patterned Landscape awarded by National Science Foundation 2014 - 2018
- The pulse of a river across fluvial-tidal transitions awarded by North Carolina State University 2016 - 2017
- Enriching the Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Water Quality Sensor Networks in Urban Environments awarded by Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2015 - 2016
- Collaborative Research: Ecological Homogenization of Urban America awarded by National Science Foundation 2012 - 2016
- Understanding Broad Scale Drivers of Coastal Wetland Extent awarded by NC Sea Grant 2015 - 2016
- Nitrogen Losses: A Meta-analysis of 4R Nutrient Management in U.S. Corn-Based Systems awarded by Foundation for Agronomic Research 2014 - 2015
- Reallocation of Reservoir Storage Under Changing Conditions: Climate, Sedimentation and Environmental Flows awarded by Army Corps of Engineers 2014
- Livestock Ecosystem Services Evaluation and Assessment of Existing Water Quality Metrics, Tools and Methods awarded by Department of Agriculture 2012 - 2014
External Relationships
- William Bingham Foundation
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Bruns, N. E., J. B. Heffernan, M. R. V. Ross, and M. Doyle. “A simple metric for predicting the timing of river phytoplankton blooms.” Ecosphere 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4348.
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  - Bertuzzo, E., E. R. Hotchkiss, A. Argerich, J. S. Kominoski, D. Oviedo-Vargas, P. Savoy, R. Scarlett, D. von Schiller, and J. B. Heffernan. “Respiration regimes in rivers: Partitioning source-specific respiration from metabolism time series.” Limnology and Oceanography 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 2374–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12207.
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  - SanClements, M. D., S. Record, K. C. Rose, A. Donnelly, S. S. Chong, K. Duffy, A. Hallmark, et al. “People, infrastructure, and data: A pathway to an inclusive and diverse ecological network of networks.” Ecosphere 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4262.
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  - Botrel, M., C. Hudon, J. B. Heffernan, P. M. Biron, and R. Maranger. “Climate-Driven Variations in Nitrogen Retention From a Riverine Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Meadow.” Water Resources Research 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032678.
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  - Ryan, C. D., P. M. Groffman, J. M. Grove, S. J. Hall, J. B. Heffernan, S. E. Hobbie, D. H. Locke, et al. “Ecological homogenization of soil properties in the American residential macrosystem.” Ecosphere 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4208.
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  - Fork, M. L., R. A. McManamay, and J. B. Heffernan. “Propagation of inflowing urban stormwater pulses through reservoir embayments.” Urban Ecosystems 25, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 1043–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-022-01218-7.
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  - Bernhardt, Emily S., Phil Savoy, Michael J. Vlah, Alison P. Appling, Lauren E. Koenig, Robert O. Hall, Maite Arroita, et al. “Light and flow regimes regulate the metabolism of rivers.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119, no. 8 (February 2022): e2121976119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121976119.
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  - Seekell, D. A., M. L. Pace, J. B. Heffernan, and S. J. Holbrook. “Nonlinear dynamics, resilience, and regime shifts in aquatic communities and ecosystems: an overview.” Limnology and Oceanography 67, no. S1 (February 1, 2022): S1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12072.
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  - Lerman, Susannah B., Desirée L. Narango, Meghan L. Avolio, Anika R. Bratt, Jesse M. Engebretson, Peter M. Groffman, Sharon J. Hall, et al. “Residential yard management and landscape cover affect urban bird community diversity across the continental USA.” Ecological Applications : A Publication of the Ecological Society of America 31, no. 8 (December 2021): e02455. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2455.
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  - Chamberlin, Catherine A., Gabriel G. Katul, and James B. Heffernan. “A Multiscale Approach to Timescale Analysis: Isolating Diel Signals from Solute Concentration Time Series.” Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 18 (September 2021): 12731–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00498.
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  - Carter, A. M., J. R. Blaszczak, J. B. Heffernan, and E. S. Bernhardt. “Hypoxia dynamics and spatial distribution in a low gradient river.” Limnology and Oceanography 66, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 2251–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11751.
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  - Savoy, P., E. Bernhardt, L. Kirk, M. J. Cohen, and J. B. Heffernan. “A seasonally dynamic model of light at the stream surface.” Freshwater Science 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 286–301. https://doi.org/10.1086/714270.
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  - Kirk, L., R. T. Hensley, P. Savoy, J. B. Heffernan, and M. J. Cohen. “Estimating Benthic Light Regimes Improves Predictions of Primary Production and constrains Light-Use Efficiency in Streams and Rivers.” Ecosystems 24, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 825–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00552-1.
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  - Dong, X., A. B. Murray, and J. B. Heffernan. “Competition Among Limestone Depressions Leads to Self-Organized Regular Patterning on a Flat Landscape.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 126, no. 5 (May 1, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006072.
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  - Larson, Kelli L., Riley Andrade, Kristen C. Nelson, Megan M. Wheeler, Jesse M. Engebreston, Sharon J. Hall, Meghan L. Avolio, et al. “Municipal regulation of residential landscapes across US cities: Patterns and implications for landscape sustainability.” Journal of Environmental Management 275 (December 2020): 111132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111132.
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  - Braswell, A. E., J. B. Heffernan, and M. L. Kirwan. “How Old Are Marshes on the East Coast, USA? Complex Patterns in Wetland Age Within and Among Regions.” Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 19 (October 16, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089415.
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  - Fork, M. L., C. L. Osburn, and J. B. Heffernan. “Bioavailability and compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in urban headwaters.” Aquatic Sciences 82, no. 4 (October 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-020-00739-7.
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  - Dong, X., N. B. Grimm, J. B. Heffernan, and R. Muneepeerakul. “Interactions Between Physical Template and Self-organization Shape Plant Dynamics in a Stream Ecosystem.” Ecosystems 23, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 891–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00444-z.
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  - Yousefi Lalimi, F., M. Marani, J. B. Heffernan, A. D’Alpaos, and A. B. Murray. “Watershed and ocean controls of salt marsh extent and resilience.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45, no. 6 (May 1, 2020): 1456–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4817.
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  - Trammell, T. L. E., D. E. Pataki, R. V. Pouyat, P. M. Groffman, C. Rosier, N. Bettez, J. Cavender-Bares, et al. “Urban soil carbon and nitrogen converge at a continental scale.” Ecological Monographs 90, no. 2 (May 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1401.
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  - Chamberlin, C. A., T. S. Bianchi, A. L. Brown, M. J. Cohen, X. Dong, M. K. Flint, J. B. Martin, et al. “Mass balance implies Holocene development of a low-relief karst patterned landscape.” Chemical Geology 527 (November 20, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.029.
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  - Dong, X., M. J. Cohen, J. B. Martin, D. L. McLaughlin, A. B. Murray, N. D. Ward, M. K. Flint, and J. B. Heffernan. “Ecohydrologic processes and soil thickness feedbacks control limestone-weathering rates in a karst landscape.” Chemical Geology 527 (November 20, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.021.
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  - Chamberlin, Catherine A., Emily S. Bernhardt, Emma J. Rosi, and James B. Heffernan. “Stoichiometry and daily rhythms: experimental evidence shows nutrient limitation decouples N uptake from photosynthesis.” Ecology 100, no. 10 (October 2019): e02822. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2822.
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  - Koenig, L. E., A. M. Helton, P. Savoy, E. Bertuzzo, J. B. Heffernan, R. O. Hall, and E. S. Bernhardt. “Emergent productivity regimes of river networks.” Limnology and Oceanography Letters 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 173–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10115.
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  - Braswell, A. E., and J. B. Heffernan. “Coastal Wetland Distributions: Delineating Domains of Macroscale Drivers and Local Feedbacks.” Ecosystems 22, no. 6 (September 1, 2019): 1256–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0332-3.
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  - Savoy, P., A. P. Appling, J. B. Heffernan, E. G. Stets, J. S. Read, J. W. Harvey, and E. S. Bernhardt. “Metabolic rhythms in flowing waters: An approach for classifying river productivity regimes.” Limnology and Oceanography 64, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 1835–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11154.
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  - Trammell, Tara L. E., Diane E. Pataki, Christopher J. Still, James R. Ehleringer, Meghan L. Avolio, Neil Bettez, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, et al. “Climate and lawn management interact to control C4 plant distribution in residential lawns across seven U.S. cities.” Ecological Applications : A Publication of the Ecological Society of America 29, no. 4 (June 2019): e01884. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1884.
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  - Zhang, X., T. S. Bianchi, M. J. Cohen, J. B. Martin, C. J. Quintero, A. L. Brown, A. M. Ares, et al. “Initiation and Development of Wetlands in Southern Florida Karst Landscape Associated With Accumulation of Organic Matter and Vegetation Evolution.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 124, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 1604–17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004921.
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  - Dong, X., A. B. Murray, and J. B. Heffernan. “Ecohydrologic feedbacks controlling sizes of cypress wetlands in a patterned karst landscape.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44, no. 5 (April 1, 2019): 1178–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4564.
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  - Locke, Dexter H., Colin Polsky, J Morgan Grove, Peter M. Groffman, Kristen C. Nelson, Kelli L. Larson, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, et al. “Residential household yard care practices along urban-exurban gradients in six climatically-diverse U.S. metropolitan areas.” Plos One 14, no. 11 (January 2019): e0222630. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222630.
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  - McLaughlin, D. L., J. S. Diamond, C. Quintero, J. Heffernan, and M. J. Cohen. “Wetland Connectivity Thresholds and Flow Dynamics From Stage Measurements.” Water Resources Research 55, no. 7 (January 1, 2019): 6018–32. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024652.
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  - Appling, Alison P., Jordan S. Read, Luke A. Winslow, Maite Arroita, Emily S. Bernhardt, Natalie A. Griffiths, Robert O. Hall, et al. “The metabolic regimes of 356 rivers in the United States.” Scientific Data 5 (December 2018): 180292. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.292.
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  - Locke, D. H., M. Avolio, T. Trammel, R. Roy Chowdhury, J. Morgan Grove, J. Rogan, D. G. Martin, et al. “A multi-city comparison of front and backyard differences in plant species diversity and nitrogen cycling in residential landscapes.” Landscape and Urban Planning 178 (October 1, 2018): 102–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.030.
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  - Covino, T. P., E. S. Bernhardt, and J. B. Heffernan. “Measuring and interpreting relationships between nutrient supply, demand, and limitation.” Freshwater Science 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 448–55. https://doi.org/10.1086/699202.
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  - Clifford, C. C., and J. B. Heffernan. “Artificial aquatic ecosystems.” Water (Switzerland) 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081096.
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  - Blaszczak, J. R., M. K. Steele, B. D. Badgley, J. B. Heffernan, S. E. Hobbie, J. L. Morse, E. N. Rivers, et al. “Sediment chemistry of urban stormwater ponds and controls on denitrification.” Ecosphere 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2318.
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  - Heffernan, J. B. “Stream metabolism heats up.” Nature Geoscience 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 384–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0148-y.
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  - Fork, M. L., J. R. Blaszczak, J. M. Delesantro, and J. B. Heffernan. “Engineered headwaters can act as sources of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen to urban stream networks.” Limnology and Oceanography Letters 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 215–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10066.
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  - Bernhardt, E. S., J. B. Heffernan, N. B. Grimm, E. H. Stanley, J. W. Harvey, M. Arroita, A. P. Appling, et al. “The metabolic regimes of flowing waters.” Limnology and Oceanography 63 (March 1, 2018): S99–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10726.
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  - Pearse, W. D., J. Cavender-Bares, S. E. Hobbie, M. L. Avolio, N. Bettez, R. Roy Chowdhury, L. E. Darling, et al. “Homogenization of plant diversity, composition, and structure in North American urban yards:.” Ecosphere 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2105.
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  - Wheeler, M. M., C. Neill, P. M. Groffman, M. Avolio, N. Bettez, J. Cavender-Bares, R. Roy Chowdhury, et al. “Continental-scale homogenization of residential lawn plant communities.” Landscape and Urban Planning 165 (September 1, 2017): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.05.004.
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  - Eagle, A. J., L. P. Olander, K. L. Locklier, J. B. Heffernan, and E. S. Bernhardt. “Fertilizer management and environmental factors drive n2o and no3 losses in corn: A meta-analysis.” Soil Science Society of America Journal 81, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 1191–1202. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.09.0281.
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  - Groffman, Peter M., Meghan Avolio, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Neil D. Bettez, J Morgan Grove, Sharon J. Hall, Sarah E. Hobbie, et al. “Ecological homogenization of residential macrosystems.” Nature Ecology & Evolution 1, no. 7 (June 2017): 191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0191.
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  - Steele, M. K., and J. B. Heffernan. “Land use and topography bend and break fractal rules of water body size-distributions.” Limnology and Oceanography Letters 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10038.
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  - Trammell, T. L. E., D. E. Pataki, J. Cavender-Bares, P. M. Groffman, S. J. Hall, J. B. Heffernan, S. E. Hobbie, J. L. Morse, C. Neill, and K. C. Nelson. “Plant nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in residential lawns across seven US cities.” Oecologia 181, no. 1 (May 2016): 271–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-016-3566-9.
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  - Larson, K. L., K. C. Nelson, S. R. Samples, S. J. Hall, N. Bettez, J. Cavender-Bares, P. M. Groffman, et al. “Ecosystem services in managing residential landscapes: priorities, value dimensions, and cross-regional patterns.” Urban Ecosystems 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-015-0477-1.
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  - Groffman, P. M., J. M. Grove, C. Polsky, N. D. Bettez, J. L. Morse, J. Cavender-Bares, S. J. Hall, et al. “Satisfaction, water and fertilizer use in the American residential macrosystem.” Environmental Research Letters 11, no. 3 (February 29, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034004.
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  - Hall, S. J., J. Learned, B. Ruddell, K. L. Larson, J. Cavender-Bares, N. Bettez, P. M. Groffman, et al. “Convergence of microclimate in residential landscapes across diverse cities in the United States.” Landscape Ecology 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 101–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0297-y.
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  - Watts, A. C., D. L. Watts, M. J. Cohen, J. B. Heffernan, D. L. Mclaughlin, J. B. Martin, D. A. Kaplan, T. Z. Osborne, and L. N. Kobziar. “Evidence of biogeomorphic patterning in a low-relief karst landscape.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 39, no. 15 (December 1, 2014): 2027–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3597.
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  - Appling, Alison P., and James B. Heffernan. “Nutrient limitation and physiology mediate the fine-scale (de)coupling of biogeochemical cycles.” The American Naturalist 184, no. 3 (September 2014): 384–406. https://doi.org/10.1086/677282.
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  - Steele, M. K., and J. B. Heffernan. “Morphological characteristics of urban water bodies: mechanisms of change and implications for ecosystem function.” Ecological Applications : A Publication of the Ecological Society of America 24, no. 5 (July 2014): 1070–84. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0983.1.
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  - Polsky, Colin, J Morgan Grove, Chris Knudson, Peter M. Groffman, Neil Bettez, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Sharon J. Hall, et al. “Assessing the homogenization of urban land management with an application to US residential lawn care.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, no. 12 (March 2014): 4432–37. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323995111.
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  - Groffman, P. M., J. Cavender-Bares, N. D. Bettez, J. M. Grove, S. J. Hall, J. B. Heffernan, S. E. Hobbie, et al. “Ecological homogenization of urban USA.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1890/120374.
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  - Heffernan, J. B., P. A. Soranno, M. J. Angilletta, L. B. Buckley, D. S. Gruner, T. H. Keitt, J. R. Kellner, et al. “Macrosystems ecology: Understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1890/130017.
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  - King, S. A., J. B. Heffernan, and M. J. Cohen. “Nutrient flux, uptake, and autotrophic limitation in streams and rivers.” Freshwater Science 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/674383.
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  - Cohen, M. J., M. J. Kurz, J. B. Heffernan, J. B. Martin, R. L. Douglass, C. R. Foster, and R. G. Thomas. “Diel phosphorus variation and the stoichiometry of ecosystem metabolism in a large spring-fed river.” Ecological Monographs 83, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 155–76. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1497.1.
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  - Sponseller, R. A., J. B. Heffernan, and S. G. Fisher. “On the multiple ecological roles of water in river networks.” Ecosphere 4, no. 2 (February 6, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00225.1.
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  - Heffernan, James B., Danielle L. Watts, and Matthew J. Cohen. “Discharge competence and pattern formation in peatlands: a meta-ecosystem model of the Everglades ridge-slough landscape.” Plos One 8, no. 5 (January 2013): e64174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064174.
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  - Heffernan, J. B., A. R. Albertin, M. L. Fork, B. G. Katz, and M. J. Cohen. “Denitrification and inference of nitrogen sources in the karstic Floridan Aquifer.” Biogeosciences 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2012): 1671–90. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1671-2012.
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  - Cohen, M. J., J. B. Heffernan, A. Albertin, and J. B. Martin. “Inference of riverine nitrogen processing from longitudinal and diel variation in dual nitrate isotopes.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 117, no. 1 (March 1, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001715.
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  - Heffernan, James B., and Stuart G. Fisher. “Plantâmicrobe interactions and nitrogen dynamics during wetland establishment in a desert stream.” Biogeochemistry. 107, no. 1–3 (February 2012): 379–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9559-6.
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  - Cohen, M. J., D. L. Watts, J. B. Heffernan, and T. Z. Osborne. “Reciprocal biotic control on hydrology, nutrient gradients, and landform in the greater everglades.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 41, no. SUPPL. 1 (February 25, 2011): 395–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.531224.
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  - Weeks, O., E. Villamor, M. Tracey, P. Stoddard, S. Shapiro, J. Makemson, R. Garcia, et al. “QBIC, an interdisciplinary and quantitative biological sciences curriculum: Concept to implementation.” Journal of Science Education 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 11–14.
  - Watts, Danielle L., Matthew J. Cohen, James B. Heffernan, and Todd Z. Osborne. “Hydrologic Modification and the Loss of Self-organized Patterning in the Ridge-Slough Mosaic of the Everglades.” Ecosystems. 13, no. 6 (September 2010): 813–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9356-z.
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  - Heffernan, James B., Dina M. Liebowitz, Thomas K. Frazer, Jason M. Evans, and Matthew J. Cohen. “Algal blooms and the nitrogen-enrichment hypothesis in Florida springs: evidence, alternatives, and adaptive management.” Ecological Applications : A Publication of the Ecological Society of America 20, no. 3 (April 2010): 816–29. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1362.1.
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  - Heffernan, J. B., and M. J. Cohen. “Direct and indirect coupling of primary production and diel nitrate dynamics in a subtropical spring-fed river.” Limnology and Oceanography 55, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 677–88. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.55.2.0677.
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  - Heffernan, J. B., M. J. Cohen, T. K. Frazer, R. G. Thomas, T. J. Rayfield, J. Gulley, J. B. Martin, J. J. Delfmo, and W. D. Graham. “Hydrologie and biotic influences on nitrate removal in a subtropical spring-fed river.” Limnology and Oceanography 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 249–63. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0249.
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  - Heffernan, J. B., R. A. Sponseller, and S. G. Fisher. “Consequences of a biogeomorphic regime shift for the hyporheic zone of a Sonoran Desert stream.” Freshwater Biology 53, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1954–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02019.x.
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  - Roach, W. J., J. B. Heffernan, N. B. Grimm, J. R. Arrowsmith, C. Eisinger, and T. Rychener. “Unintended consequences of urbanization for aquatic ecosystems: A case study from the Arizona desert.” Bioscience 58, no. 8 (September 1, 2008): 715–27. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580808.
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  - Heffernan, James B. “Wetlands as an alternative stable state in desert streams.” Ecology 89, no. 5 (May 2008): 1261–71. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0915.1.
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  - Fisher, S. G., J. B. Heffernan, R. A. Sponseller, and J. R. Welter. “Functional ecomorphology: Feedbacks between form and function in fluvial landscape ecosystems.” Geomorphology 89, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS. (September 1, 2007): 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.013.
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  - Sabo, J. L., R. Sponseller, M. Dixon, K. Gade, T. Harms, J. Heffernan, A. Jani, et al. “Riparian zones increase regional species richness by harboring different, not more, species.” Ecology 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0668.
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  - Heffernan, J. B., and R. A. Sponseller. “Nutrient mobilization and processing in Sonoran desert riparian soils following artificial re-wetting.” Biogeochemistry 70, no. 1 (August 1, 2004): 117–34. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000049339.74391.14.
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  - Fisher, S. G., R. A. Sponseller, and J. B. Heffernan. “Horizons in stream biogeochemistry: Flowpaths to progress.” Ecology 85, no. 9 (January 1, 2004): 2369–79. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0244.
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  - Stelzer, R. S., J. Heffernan, and G. E. Likens. “The influence of dissolved nutrients and particulate organic matter quality on microbial respiration and biomass in a forest stream.” Freshwater Biology 48, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1925–37. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01141.x.
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  - Heffernan, Joseph. “Efficiency Considerations in the Social Welfare Agency.” Administration in Social Work 15, no. 1–2 (April 5, 1991): 119–31. https://doi.org/10.1300/j147v15n01_08.
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- Book Sections
  - Stanley, E. H., R. A. Sponseller, and J. B. Heffernan. “Landscape and Regional Stream Ecology.” In Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment, 389–415, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-405890-3.00009-9.
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  - Ross, M. R. V., E. S. Bernhardt, M. W. Doyle, and J. B. Heffernan. “Designer Ecosystems: Incorporating Design Approaches into Applied Ecology,” 40:419–43, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-121012-100957.
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  - Cavender-Bares, J., J. Heffernan, E. King, S. Polasky, P. Balvanera, and W. C. Clark. “Sustainability and Biodiversity.” In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity: Second Edition, 71–84, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00390-7.
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  - Grimm, N. B., J. Ramón Arrowsmith, C. Eisinger, J. Heffernan, A. MacLeod, D. B. Lewis, L. Prashad, T. Rychener, W. John Roach, and R. W. Sheibley. “Effects of urbanization on nutrient biogeochemistry of aridland streams.” In Geophysical Monograph Series, 153:129–46, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1029/153GM11.
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- Conference Papers
  - Lumley, Paul, Jeremy Fivecrows, Laura Gephart, James Heffernan, and Laurie Jordan. “Using Tribal Fishing Rights as Leverage to Restore Salmon Populations in the Columbia River Basin.” In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross Sectoral Conference, edited by W. W. Taylor, D. M. Bartley, C. I. Goddard, N. J. Leonard, and R. Welcomme, 23–33. FOOD & AGRICUL ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS, 2016.
    Link to Item
  - HEFFERNAN, J. B. “A RURAL SOCIOLOGISTS PERSPECTIVE.” In Surgeon General’S Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health, edited by M. L. Myers, R. F. Herrick, S. A. Olenchock, J. R. Myers, J. E. Parker, D. L. Hard, and K. Wilson, 419–31. US DEPT COMMERCE NATL TECH INFORMATION SERVICE, 1992.
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Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- ENVIRON 646: Urban Ecology 2023
- ENVIRON 702S: Ecology Seminar 2023
- ENVIRON 744: Freshwater Ecosystems 2023
- EVANTH 743S: Ecology Seminar 2023
- ENVIRON 391: Independent Study 2022
- ENVIRON 702: Ecology Seminar 2022
- EVANTH 743: Ecology Seminar 2022
- ENVIRON 391: Independent Study 2021
- ENVIRON 702: Ecology Seminar 2021
- ENVIRON 823D: Ecological Resilience and Ecosystem Management 2021
- EVANTH 743: Ecology Seminar 2021
Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
- Data+ Project Leader. Data+. 2020 2020
- Data+ Project Leader. Data+. 2019 2019

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