James Samwel Ngocho

Journal Article Proteomics · December 3, 2025 The proteomic analysis of blood is routine for disease phenotyping and biomarker development. Blood is commonly separated into soluble and cellular fractions. However, this can introduce pre-analytical variability, and analysis of a single component (which ... Full text Link to item Cite

‘It makes us sick’: experiences of air pollution among children with asthma and their caregivers in African countries

Journal Article Ijtld Open · September 10, 2025 BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to document experiences and perceptions of air pollution among adolescents with asthma symptoms, and their caregivers. METHOD: A qualitative study among children with symptoms of asthma (aged 12–16 years) and their ca ... Full text Cite

Emergence of non-vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes colonizing the nasopharynx of children under five years of age in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Tanzania. A short communication.

Journal Article Vaccine · August 2025 To determine the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in Tanzania, we assessed the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples. These samples were collected in 539 children below the age of 5 ye ... Full text Cite

Corrigendum to "Emergence of non-vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes colonizing the nasopharynx of children under the age of five years in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Tanzania. A short communication" [Vaccine 48 (2025) 126724].

Journal Article Vaccine · August 2025 Full text Cite

Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tools to Manage Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: Clinicians' Perspectives in Sri Lanka.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · May 7, 2025 In low-resource settings, providers often manage lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) without diagnostic tests, which may cause antibacterial overuse. Electronic clinical decision support tools (eCDSTs) can support evidence-based decision-making and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Levofloxacin for Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Results from IMPAACT P1026s.

Journal Article Clinical pharmacokinetics · April 2025 Background and objectiveTreatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) often includes fluoroquinolones, but data on long-term exposure during and after pregnancy are limited. We examined the pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in a ... Full text Cite

TaqMan Array Card real-time polymerase chain reaction panel to detect pathogens in whole blood of febrile inpatients in northern Tanzania, 2016-2019.

Journal Article Trop Med Int Health · March 2025 BACKGROUND: Acute febrile illness is a common reason for seeking healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. We describe the diagnostic utility of a TaqMan Array Card (TAC) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel for pathogen detection in paedi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Derivation and Internal Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Diagnosis of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · March 2025 Spotted fever group rickettsioses (SFGR) pose a global threat as emerging zoonotic infectious diseases; however, timely and cost-effective diagnostic tools are currently limited. We used data from 449 patients presenting to 2 hospitals in northern Tanzania ... Full text Link to item Cite

Emerging of non-vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes colonizing the nasopharynx of children under the age of five years in the 13-vallent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Moshi district, Tanzania. A short communication.

Journal Article Vaccine · February 2025 In this study, we describe S. pneumoniae serotype distribution before and after PCV13 rollout in Tanzania. We serotyped S. pneumoniae isolates from two cross-sectional studies, before and after vaccine rollout. The isolates were from children under 5 years ... Full text Cite

Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tools: Strategies to Improve the Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Low-Resource Settings.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · December 4, 2024 Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a common reason for hospitalization and antibacterial use globally. There is considerable overlap in the clinical presentation of bacterial and viral LRTIs. Low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) face the dual c ... Full text Link to item Cite

COVID-19 vaccine confidence and its effect on vaccine uptake among people with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.

Journal Article Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · December 2024 COVID-19 vaccination effectively reduces disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality, particularly among individuals with chronic conditions who bear a disproportionate burden of disease complications. Vaccine confidence - belief in its safety, effect ... Full text Cite

Dolutegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Treatment in Pregnancy: Impact on Red Blood Cell Folate Concentrations in Pregnant Women and Their Infants.

Journal Article The Journal of infectious diseases · November 2024 BackgroundIn the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) 2010/VESTED study, pregnant women were randomized to initiate dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), DTG + FTC/tenofovir dis ... Full text Cite

Effects of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Nutritional Rehabilitation on Growth in Children Aged 6-36 Months with Severe Acute Malnutrition in IMPAACT Protocol P1092.

Journal Article Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · August 2024 BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to improve child survival and growth in children living with HIV (CLHIV). We investigated growth outcomes in children with severe nonedematous acute malnutrition (SAM) and without SAM (mild malnutrit ... Full text Cite

Willingness to Receive HIV Self-Testing Kits from Recent Sexual Partners Among Men in Dar Es Salam, Tanzania: Findings from the STEP Project Baseline Survey.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · July 2024 Globally, men are less likely to access HIV services, and addressing HIV service challenges among men is crucial to the global HIV/AIDS response. HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been shown to be a potentially effective strategy in improving HIV testing covera ... Full text Cite

Efficacy of mobile phone intervention to increase male partner antenatal care attendance for HIV testing in Moshi municipal, Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · April 24, 2024 BACKGROUND: HIV partner counselling and testing in antenatal care (ANC) is a crucial strategy to raise the number of males who know their HIV status. However, in many settings like Tanzania, male involvement in antenatal care remains low, and there is a de ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Understanding male involvement in antenatal care in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania: Barriers, facilitators, and opportunities for engagement.

Journal Article Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives · March 2024 BackgroundMale engagement in antenatal care (ANC) has been recommended by the World Health Organization to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes, but implementation challenges remain. This study explored barriers, facilitators, and opportun ... Full text Cite

Characterising sources of PM<sub>2·5</sub> exposure for school children with asthma: a personal exposure study across six cities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · January 2024 BackgroundAir pollution is the second largest risk to health in Africa, and children with asthma are particularly susceptible to its effects. Yet, there is a scarcity of air pollution exposure data from cities in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to id ... Full text Cite

Impact of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose on Glycaemic Control Among Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Northeastern Tanzania: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Journal Article Journal of diabetes research · January 2024 Introduction: Tracking of blood glucose levels by patients and care providers remains an integral component in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Evidence, primarily from high-income countries, has illustrated the effectiveness of self-monito ... Full text Cite

Confidence in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and safety and its effect on vaccine uptake in Tanzania: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Journal Article Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · December 2023 COVID-19 is a major public health threat associated with increased disease burden, mortality, and economic loss to countries and communities. Safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines are key in halting and reversing the pandemic. Low confidence in vaccines h ... Full text Cite

Micronutrients and nutritional status among children living with HIV with and without severe acute malnutrition: IMPAACT P1092.

Journal Article BMC nutrition · November 2023 BackgroundMicronutrient deficiencies from malabsorption, gut infections, and altered gut barrier function are common in children living with the human immunodeficiency virus (CLHIV) and may worsen with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Exploratory ... Full text Cite

Antibacterial Utilization for Febrile Illnesses and Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · August 2023 BACKGROUND: We describe antibacterial use in light of microbiology data and treatment guidelines for common febrile syndromes in Moshi, Tanzania. METHODS: We compared data from 2 hospital-based prospective cohort studies, cohort 1 (2011-2014) and cohort 2 ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Qualitative Study on Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Community Members in Tanzania

Journal Article Vaccines · August 1, 2023 The use of vaccines is one of the key tools in reversing the COVID-19 pandemic; however, various reports reported the low uptake of the vaccines. This study explored the barriers to the COVID-19 vaccine uptake among community members in Tanzania. A qualita ... Full text Cite

Suicidal Attempts among Secondary School-Going Adolescents in Kilimanjaro Region, Northern Tanzania

Journal Article Behavioral Sciences · April 1, 2023 Suicide attempts among adolescents are common and can lead to death. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with suicide attempts among secondary school-going adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. The study u ... Full text Cite

Implementation of evidence-based multiple focus integrated intensified TB screening to end TB (EXIT-TB) package in East Africa: a qualitative study.

Journal Article BMC infectious diseases · March 2023 IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We qualitatively evaluated the implementation of an Evidence-Based Multiple Focus Integrated Intensified TB Screening package (EXIT-T ... Full text Cite

Strengthening health management, leadership, and governance capacities: What are the actual training needs in Tanzania?

Journal Article Health Science Reports · March 1, 2023 Background and Aim: Effective management, leadership, and governance (MLG) contribute to improved population health outcomes. However, weak management, leadership, and governance capacity continue to haunt many health systems in low- and-middle-income coun ... Full text Cite

Failure to Attain HIV Viral Suppression After Intensified Adherence Counselling-What Can We Learn About Its Factors?

Journal Article Infect Drug Resist · 2023 BACKGROUND: Introduction and expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have turned the tide of HIV pandemic, thus helping people living with HIV (PLHIV) achieve viral suppression. This success may need to be complemented by intensified adherence counseling ... Full text Link to item Cite

The high burden of erectile dysfunction among men living with HIV in northern Tanzania: a call for evidence-based interventions.

Journal Article Front Urol · 2023 BACKGROUND: The extent of the burden of erectile dysfunction and its associated factors remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with ED and its prevalence among MLHIV in northern Tanzania. METHODS: A hospital-based, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of neurotoxicity symptoms among postpartum women on isoniazid preventive therapy and efavirenz-based treatment for HIV: an exploratory objective of the IMPAACT P1078 randomized trial.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · January 2023 BackgroundThis exploratory analysis investigates the prevalence and risk factors of neurocognitive toxicity in postpartum women on HIV treatment in response to a concern of an Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT)/Efavirenz interaction.Trial desi ... Full text Cite

Factors associated with offer and uptake of provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling among men attending healthcare facilities in Moshi Municipality, Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2023 BackgroundHIV Testing and Counseling is a critical entry-point for HIV care, treatment and prevention. Tanzania adopted the WHO recommendations of Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) in 2007 with the aim of increasing early HIV di ... Full text Cite

Perceived performance of health facility governing committees in overseeing healthcare services delivery in primary health care facilities in Tanzania.

Journal Article The International journal of health planning and management · January 2023 Health Facility Governing Committees (HFGCs) play a vital role in overseeing health services delivery in the primary health care system. However, despite their existence in Tanzania hiccups remain reported on the quality of health services delivered in pri ... Full text Cite

Effects of Initiating Raltegravir-Based Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens During Pregnancy on Weight Changes and Perinatal Outcomes: NICHD P1081.

Journal Article Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · December 2022 BackgroundIntegrase inhibitors have been associated with excess gestational weight gain that may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This post hoc analysis of NICHD P1081 compared antepartum changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) in pr ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and predictors of depression among women attending antenatal care in Moshi, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · July 2022 IntroductionAntenatal depression in low-and middle-income countries is under-diagnosed and leads to poorer outcomes in the pregnancy and postpartum periods. The aim of this study was to quantify depressive symptoms among pregnant women in Moshi, T ... Full text Cite

Cervical cancer in Northern Tanzania-What do women living with HIV know.

Journal Article Front Oncol · 2022 BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer (CC) is more prevalent in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. The magnitude is high among all countries burdened with HIV-Tanzania is no exception. Despite the unpre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2022 BackgroundSubstance use among school-going adolescents increases the risk of developing mental disorders, addiction, and substance use disorders. These may lead to poor academic performance and reduced productivity, which affects adolescent lives. ... Full text Cite

Strengthening financial management systems at primary health care: Performance assessment of the Facility Financial Accounting and Reporting System (FFARS) in Tanzania

Journal Article Frontiers in Health Services · January 1, 2022 Background: Universal coverage remains a challenging pursuit around the world, even among the highest-income countries. Strengthening financial management capacity is essential towards attaining the three universal health coverage (UHC) goals, namely, expa ... Full text Cite

Attitudes Toward Pregnancy Among Women Enrolled in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Services in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · December 2021 For pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH), feelings about pregnancy may influence their emotional well-being and health seeking behaviors. This study examined attitudes toward pregnancy and associated factors among women enrolled in prevention of mother-to ... Full text Cite

Epidemiology and management of asthma and atopic dermatitis in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · December 2021 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is currently undergoing a transformation process of unprecedented magnitude owing to economic development and urbanization. This process is paralleled by a dramatic increase in prevalence and incidence of noncommunicable diseases. ... Full text Cite

Gaps related to screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis in care cascade in selected health facilities in East Africa countries: A retrospective study.

Journal Article Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · December 2021 IntroductionEast Africa countries (Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) are among tuberculosis high burdened countries globally. As we race to accelerate progress towards a world free of tuberculosis by 2035, gaps related to screening and diagnosis in the ... Full text Cite

Bacterial Isolates and Their Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern Among Patients Admitted With Chronic Lower Limb Ulcers at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Northern Zone Referral Hospital, Tanzania.

Journal Article The international journal of lower extremity wounds · December 2021 Objective. To identify the bacterial isolates and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern among patients with lower limb ulcers admitted at a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted between ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and patient related factors associated with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage and infection among pediatric patients in Tanzania.

Journal Article Scientific reports · November 2021 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) is increasing worldwide, though less documented in low-income settings. Here we determined the prevalence of EPE infection and carriage, and patient factors associated with EPE-carr ... Full text Cite

HIV Stigmatizing Attitudes Among Men Accompanying Their Partners to Antenatal Care in Tanzania: A Mixed-Method Study.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · October 2021 This mixed-method study aimed to describe HIV stigmatizing attitudes, identify factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes, and explore the broader context of HIV stigma among men accompanying their pregnant female partners to antenatal care in Tanzania ... Full text Cite

Individual and Composite Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Randomized Trial on Isoniazid Preventative Therapy Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Journal Article Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · June 2021 BackgroundInternational Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) P1078, a randomized noninferiority study designed to compare the safety of starting isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in women living with human immunodeficiency ... Full text Cite

Depression and associated factors among geriatric population in Moshi district council, Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Aging & mental health · June 2021 BackgroundDepression in the elderly population has been identified as a significant public health problem associated with adverse outcomes such as decreased quality of life, cognitive decline, and increased rates of suicide. We aimed to determine ... Full text Cite

Pilot Outcomes of Maisha: An HIV Stigma Reduction Intervention Developed for Antenatal Care in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · April 2021 HIV stigma is a persistent barrier to curbing the spread of HIV and improving quality of life for people living with HIV. We developed and pilot tested Maisha, an HIV stigma reduction intervention in antenatal care (ANC) with two objectives: 1) among indiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Symptoms and predictors of depression among university students in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England) · April 2021 BackgroundDepression is the second leading cause of death among young people worldwide, and severity and suicidality are useful predictors of an adverse outcome.AimThis study aimed at examining factors associated with depression among uni ... Full text Cite

The development of Maisha, a video-assisted counseling intervention to address HIV stigma at entry into antenatal care in Tanzania.

Journal Article Evaluation and program planning · December 2020 HIV stigma has a profound impact on clinical outcomes and undermines the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH). Among HIV-negative individuals, misinformation and prejudicial attitudes about HIV can fuel stigma and contribute to discrimination a ... Full text Cite

Prevalence, predictors and reasons for home delivery amongst women of childbearing age in Dodoma Municipality in central Tanzania.

Journal Article African health sciences · December 2020 IntroductionThe objective was to determine the prevalence, predictors and reasons for home delivery amongst women of childbearing age in Dodoma, Tanzania.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted amongst women living in Dodoma Municipa ... Full text Cite

Viral-bacterial (co-)occurrence in the upper airways and the risk of childhood pneumonia in resource-limited settings.

Journal Article The Journal of infection · August 2020 ObjectiveTo examine the association between bacterial-viral co-occurrence in the nasopharynx and the risk of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young children living in resource-limited settings.MethodsA case-control study was conducte ... Full text Cite

POOR HYPERTENSION CONTROL AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING THE KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL CENTRE, TANZANIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Journal Article Ethiopian Medical Journal · July 1, 2020 Introduction: Poor hypertension control contributes significantly to the growing burden of Disability Adjusted Life Years. Despite the awareness and availability of interventions, only a small number of patients achieve the desired outcome, and the factors ... Cite

Raltegravir versus efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women living with HIV (NICHD P1081): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial.

Journal Article The lancet. HIV · May 2020 BackgroundAlthough antiretroviral regimens containing integrase inhibitors rapidly suppress HIV viral load in non-pregnant adults, few published data from randomised controlled trials have compared the safety and efficacy of any integrase inhibito ... Full text Cite

Inappropriate treatment of community-acquired pneumonia among children under five years of age in Tanzania.

Journal Article International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · April 2020 ObjectiveTo describe the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children under five years in Tanzania.MethodsBetween January and December 2017, children aged 2-59 months with chest radiography-confirmed CAP were enrolled. The ... Full text Cite

Determinants of isoniazid preventive therapy completion among people living with HIV attending care and treatment clinics from 2013 to 2017 in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania. A cross-sectional analytical study.

Journal Article BMC infectious diseases · April 2020 BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) disease is a common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV). WHO recommends at least 6 months of isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) to reduce the risk of active TB. It is important to monitor the si ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and Outcome of HIV-associated Malignancies Among HIV-infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center 2006 to 2014: A Hospital-based Retrospective Analytical Study.

Journal Article J Pediatr Hematol Oncol · January 2020 OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancies in children attending a care and treatment clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-s ... Full text Link to item Cite

"At home, no one knows": A qualitative study of retention challenges among women living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2020 IntroductionDespite the broad success of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs, HIV care engagement during the pregnancy and postpartum periods is suboptimal. This study explored the perspectives of women who experienc ... Full text Cite

Inadequate knowledge on appropriate antibiotics use among clients in the Moshi municipality Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2020 BackgroundPoor knowledge concerning appropriate antibiotic use significantly influences the misuse of antibiotics within the community, especially in developing countries where there are weaker health systems to regulate antibiotic dispensing. Ant ... Full text Cite

Factors associated with mental distress among undergraduate students in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC psychiatry · January 2020 BackgroundMental distress is a major public health problem which includes anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms such as sleeping problems, fatigue and headache. University students are consistently reported to have higher levels of mental distr ... Full text Cite

Community engagement in COVID-19 prevention: experiences from Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article The Pan African medical journal · January 2020 Prevention of exposure to the COVID-19 virus in the general population is an essential strategy to slow community transmission. This paper shares the experiences and challenges of community engagement in COVID-19 prevention in the Kilimanjaro region, North ... Full text Cite

A counseling intervention to address HIV stigma at entry into antenatal care in Tanzania (Maisha): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Trials · December 2019 BackgroundHIV-related stigma significantly impacts HIV care engagement, including in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs. Maisha is a stigma-based counseling intervention delivered during the first antenatal care (AN ... Full text Cite

Attitudes Toward Long-Term Use of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Moshi, Tanzania: A Longitudinal Study.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · September 2019 Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and the postpartum period is necessary to prevent vertical HIV transmission and to secure the long-term health of an HIV-infected woman. Health behavior theory suggests that patients' attitudes tow ... Full text Cite

Vulnerable at Each Step in the PMTCT Care Cascade: High Loss to Follow Up During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · July 2019 In 2013, Tanzania adopted the World Health Organization's Option B+ guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), whereby all HIV-infected pregnant women initiate lifelong antiretroviral therapy. This study examined retention in ... Full text Cite

Predictors of postpartum HIV care engagement for women enrolled in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS care · June 2019 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is a foundational component of a comprehensive HIV treatment program. In addition to preventing vertical transmission to children, PMTCT is an important catch-point for universal test-and-treat stra ... Full text Cite

Modifiable risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years of age in resource-poor settings: a case-control study.

Journal Article Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · April 2019 ObjectiveDespite the availability of vaccines and antibiotics, pneumonia remains the leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. The objective of this study was to identify modifiable risk factors for community-acquired pneumon ... Full text Cite

Depression and anxiety among pregnant women living with HIV in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2019 IntroductionMental health disorders in pregnant women living with HIV are associated with poor maternal and child outcomes, and undermine the global goals of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). This study aimed to determine ... Full text Cite

Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against invasive pneumococcal disease among children under five years of age in Africa: A systematic review.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2019 BackgroundDespite the widespread implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of severe pneumonia associated with mortality among children less than 5 years of age worldwide, with the hig ... Full text Cite

Factors associated with HIV status disclosure to partners and its outcomes among HIV-positive women attending Care and Treatment Clinics at Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2019 BackgroundSub Saharan Africa continues to be the epicenter of HIV with 70% of people living with HIV globally. Women form nearly 60% of those living with HIV. Studies have shown disclosure of one's HIV status is important in HIV prevention, in inc ... Full text Cite

Retention in HIV Care During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in the Option B+ Era: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies in Africa.

Journal Article Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · April 2018 BackgroundUnder Option B+ guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, pregnant and breastfeeding women initiate antiretroviral therapy for lifelong use. The objectives of this study were: (1) to synthesize data on retention i ... Full text Cite

Effective linkage from point of HIV testing to care and treatment in Tanga region, Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2018 BackgroundLinkage to care and treatment is an important part of efforts to accelerate HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support. It offers an opportunity for PLHIV to receive information and services in a timely manner. Clients who present late ... Full text Cite

Irrational use of antibiotics in the Moshi Municipality Northern Tanzania: a cross sectional study.

Journal Article The Pan African medical journal · January 2018 IntroductionIrrational use of antibiotics includes prescription of incorrect doses, self-medication and treatment of non-bacterial illness. As a direct consequence of irrational antibiotic use, resistance to the commonly available antibiotics has ... Full text Cite

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus among HIV-positive patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Referral Hospital, Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article The Pan African medical journal · January 2017 IntroductionHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus are prevalent infections in sub-Saharan Africa, but information on the prevalence of co-infection is limited. This study aimed to determine seroprevalence and risk factors for he ... Full text Cite

Comparison of artesunate-mefloquine and artemether-lumefantrine fixed-dose combinations for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa: a randomised, multicentre, phase 4 trial.

Journal Article The Lancet. Infectious diseases · October 2016 BackgroundWHO recommends combinations of an artemisinin derivative plus an antimalarial drug of longer half-life as treatment options for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection. In Africa, artemether-lumefantrine is the most widely used art ... Full text Cite