Scholars@Duke
Jianxin Bao

Jianxin Bao

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences
Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences

Selected Publications

Developing a Calibration Method to Minimize Variability in Auditory Evoked Potentials.

Journal Article J Assoc Res Otolaryngol · April 2025 PURPOSE: To reduce amplitude variability of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) we developed a circuit that generates an electric calibration pulse (CalPulse) following each evoking sound presentation. We aim to determine if external CalPulse signals can fun ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hearing Loss in the Unoperated Ear After High-Speed Drilling in Otologic and Skull Base Surgery.

Journal Article Otol Neurotol · October 1, 2024 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if permanent hearing loss occurred in the unoperated ear of patients undergoing otologic and skull base surgery with high-speed otologic drilling. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively studied 250 patients (mean age 57.8 yr; 120 males, an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noise-induced hearing disorders: Clinical and investigational tools.

Journal Article J Acoust Soc Am · January 2023 A series of articles discussing advanced diagnostics that can be used to assess noise injury and associated noise-induced hearing disorders (NIHD) was developed under the umbrella of the United States Department of Defense Hearing Center of Excellence Phar ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Integrating pharmacogenomics into clinical trials of hearing disorders.

Journal Article J Acoust Soc Am · November 2022 In 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued guidance to increase the efficiency of drug development and support precision medicine, including tailoring treatments to those patients who will benefit based on genetic variation even in the absence o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Optimizing non-invasive functional markers for cochlear deafferentation based on electrocochleography and auditory brainstem responses.

Journal Article J Acoust Soc Am · April 2022 Accumulating evidence suggests that cochlear deafferentation may contribute to suprathreshold deficits observed with or without elevated hearing thresholds, and can lead to accelerated age-related hearing loss. Currently there are no clinical diagnostic to ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Detecting Cochlear Synaptopathy Through Curvature Quantification of the Auditory Brainstem Response.

Journal Article Front Cell Neurosci · 2022 The sound-evoked electrical compound potential known as auditory brainstem response (ABR) represents the firing of a heterogenous population of auditory neurons in response to sound stimuli, and is often used for clinical diagnosis based on wave amplitude ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Early Physiological and Cellular Indicators of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity.

Journal Article J Assoc Res Otolaryngol · April 2021 Cisplatin chemotherapy often causes permanent hearing loss, which leads to a multifaceted decrease in quality of life. Identification of early cisplatin-induced cochlear damage would greatly improve clinical diagnosis and provide potential drug targets to ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Evidence for independent peripheral and central age-related hearing impairment.

Journal Article J Neurosci Res · September 2020 Deleterious age-related changes in the central auditory nervous system have been referred to as central age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) or central presbycusis. Central ARHI is often assumed to be the consequence of peripheral ARHI. However, it is pos ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Alcohol abuse and disorder of granulopoiesis.

Journal Article Pharmacol Ther · June 2019 Granulocytes are the major type of phagocytes constituting the front line of innate immune defense against bacterial infection. In adults, granulocytes are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Alcohol is the most frequently abused subs ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Otoprotective Effects of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore Herb Isolate against Acoustic Trauma.

Journal Article J Assoc Res Otolaryngol · December 2018 Noise is the most common occupational and environmental hazard, and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common form of sensorineural hearing deficit. Although therapeutics that target the free-radical pathway have shown promise, none of th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Detection of single mRNAs in individual cells of the auditory system.

Journal Article Hear Res · September 2018 Gene expression analysis is essential for understanding the rich repertoire of cellular functions. With the development of sensitive molecular tools such as single-cell RNA sequencing, extensive gene expression data can be obtained and analyzed from variou ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

An operant-based detection method for inferring tinnitus in mice.

Journal Article J Neurosci Methods · November 1, 2017 BACKGROUND: Subjective tinnitus is a hearing disorder in which a person perceives sound when no external sound is present. It can be acute or chronic. Because our current understanding of its pathology is incomplete, no effective cures have yet been establ ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy: Past findings and future studies.

Journal Article Hear Res · June 2017 For decades, we have presumed the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the main cause of hearing loss and difficulties understanding speech in noise, but new findings suggest synapse loss may be the key contributor. Specifically, recent prec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Canertinib induces ototoxicity in three preclinical models.

Journal Article Hear Res · October 2015 Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) ligand and its epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ERBB family regulate normal cellular proliferation and differentiation in many tissues including the cochlea. Aberrant NRG1 and ERBB signaling cause significant hearing impairment i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of multiple metabolic enzymes from mice cochleae tissue using a novel functional proteomics technology.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2015 A new type of technology in proteomics was developed in order to separate a complex protein mixture and analyze protein functions systematically. The technology combines the ability of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to separate proteins with a ... Full text Link to item Cite

T-type calcium channel blockers as neuroprotective agents.

Journal Article Pflugers Arch · April 2014 T-type calcium channels are expressed in many diverse tissues, including neuronal, cardiovascular, and endocrine. T-type calcium channels are known to play roles in the development, maintenance, and repair of these tissues but have also been implicated in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prophylactic and therapeutic functions of drug combinations against noise-induced hearing loss.

Journal Article Hear Res · October 2013 Noise is the most common occupational and environmental hazard. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common form of sensorineural hearing deficit, after age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). Although promising approaches have been identif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reprogramming of single-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hair cell-like cells.

Journal Article Otol Neurotol · December 2012 HYPOTHESIS: Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be converted into hair cell-like cells by transdetermination. BACKGROUND: Given the fundamental role sensory hair cells play in sound detection and the irreversibility of their loss in mammals, much resea ... Full text Link to item Cite

MicroRNA-181a regulates local immune balance by inhibiting proliferation and immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells.

Journal Article Stem Cells · August 2012 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit extensive self-renewal potential and can modulate immunocyte activation. Our previous study reported that miR-181a expression was significantly increased in placenta from women with severe preeclampsia (PE), but the me ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recent advances in the study of age-related hearing loss: a mini-review.

Journal Article Gerontology · 2012 Hearing loss is a common age-associated affliction that can result from the loss of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea. Although hair cells and SGNs are typically lost in the same cochlea, recent analysis suggests that they can oc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Two-phase analysis of molecular pathways underlying induced pluripotent stem cell induction.

Journal Article Stem Cells · December 2011 Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be reprogrammed from adult somatic cells by transduction with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, but the molecular cascades initiated by these factors remain poorly understood. Impeding their elucidation is the stochast ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-related neuronal loss in the cochlea is not delayed by synaptic modulation.

Journal Article Neurobiol Aging · December 2011 Age-related synaptic change is associated with the functional decline of the nervous system. It is unknown whether this synaptic change is the cause or the consequence of neuronal cell loss. We have addressed this question by examining mice genetically eng ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anti-epileptic drugs delay age-related loss of spiral ganglion neurons via T-type calcium channel.

Journal Article Hear Res · August 2011 Loss of spiral ganglion neurons is a major cause of age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). Despite being the third most prevalent condition afflicting elderly persons, there are no known medications to prevent presbycusis. Because calcium signaling has lo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Old mice lacking high-affinity nicotine receptors resist acoustic trauma.

Journal Article Hear Res · July 2011 There is presently no clearly effective preventative medication against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). However, negative feedback systems that presumably evolved to modulate the sensitivity of the organ of Corti may incidentally confer protection. One ... Full text Link to item Cite

Why do hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea die during aging?

Journal Article Aging Dis · June 2011 Age-related decline of cochlear function is mainly due to the loss of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Recent findings clearly indicate that survival of these two cell types during aging depends on genetic and environmental interactions, and ... Link to item Cite

Neuronal LRP1 knockout in adult mice leads to impaired brain lipid metabolism and progressive, age-dependent synapse loss and neurodegeneration.

Journal Article J Neurosci · December 15, 2010 The vast majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are late onset with progressive synapse loss and neurodegeneration. Although the amyloid hypothesis has generated great insights into the disease mechanism, several lines of evidence indicate that other r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-related synaptic loss of the medial olivocochlear efferent innervation.

Journal Article Mol Neurodegener · November 26, 2010 Age-related functional decline of the nervous system is consistently observed, though cellular and molecular events responsible for this decline remain largely unknown. One of the most prevalent age-related functional declines is age-related hearing loss ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

No dramatic age-related loss of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in Bcl-2 over-expression mice or Bax null mice.

Journal Article Mol Neurodegener · July 16, 2010 Age-related decline of neuronal function is associated with age-related structural changes. In the central nervous system, age-related decline of cognitive performance is thought to be caused by synaptic loss instead of neuronal loss. However, in the cochl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-related loss of spiral ganglion neurons.

Journal Article Hear Res · June 1, 2010 Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are the relay station for auditory information between hair cells and central nervous system. Age-related decline of auditory function due to SGN loss can not be ameliorated by hearing aids or cochlear implants. Recent findin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of protein misfolding in DFNA9 hearing loss.

Journal Article J Biol Chem · May 14, 2010 Mutations in the COCH (coagulation factor C homology) gene have been attributed to DFNA9 (deafness, autosomal-dominant 9), an autosomal-dominant non-syndromic hearing loss disorder. However, the mechanisms responsible for DFNA9 hearing loss remain unknown. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroprotective effects of blockers for T-type calcium channels.

Journal Article Mol Neurodegener · October 28, 2009 Cognitive and functional decline with age is correlated with deregulation of intracellular calcium, which can lead to neuronal death in the brain. Previous studies have found protective effects of various calcium channel blockers in pathological conditions ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of glucocorticoids for spiral ganglion neuron survival.

Journal Article Brain Res · June 24, 2009 Glucocorticoids, which are steroidal stress hormones, have a broad array of biological functions. Synthetic glucocorticoids are frequently used therapeutically for many pathologic conditions, including diseases of the inner ear; however, their exact functi ... Full text Link to item Cite

STAT5 mediates antiapoptotic effects of methylprednisolone on oligodendrocytes.

Journal Article J Neurosci · February 18, 2009 Methylprednisolone (MP), a synthetic glucocorticoid agonist, is widely used for the clinical therapy of white matter diseases in the nervous system, such as spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. In addition to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Signal transduction by the cytoplasmic domain of NEUREGULIN-1 and its roles during neuronal aging

Journal Article Current Signal Transduction Therapy · September 1, 2007 Transmembrane isoforms of Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) contain an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a highly conserved intracellular domain. Several recent findings suggest a role of NRG1 signaling in synaptic maintenance and possibly neurodegenerat ... Full text Cite

Temporal and genetic influences on protection against noise-induced hearing loss by hypoxic preconditioning in mice.

Journal Article Hear Res · April 2007 The protective benefits of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) against permanent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) were investigated in mice. Hypoxia induced by exposure to 8% O2 for 4 h conferred significant protection against damaging broadband noise delivered ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prophylactic and therapeutic functions of T-type calcium blockers against noise-induced hearing loss.

Journal Article Hear Res · April 2007 Cochlear noise injury is the second most frequent cause of sensorineural hearing loss, after aging. Because calcium dysregulation is a widely recognized contributor to noise injury, we examined the potential of calcium channel blockers to reduce noise-indu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bcl-2 over-expression fails to prevent age-related loss of calretinin positive neurons in the mouse dentate gyrus.

Journal Article Mol Neurodegener · August 22, 2006 BACKGROUND: Cognitive performance declines with increasing age. Possible cellular mechanisms underlying this age-related functional decline remain incompletely understood. Early studies attributed this functional decline to age-related neuronal loss. Subse ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stem cell therapy for hearing loss: Math1 overexpression in VOT-E36 cells.

Journal Article Otol Neurotol · April 2006 HYPOTHESIS: VOT-E36 cells acquire mechanosensitivity after mammalian atonal homolog 1 (Math1) overexpression. BACKGROUND: VOT-E36 cells are derived from a population of epithelial cells in the ventral region of the otocyst at embryonic Day 10.5, before hai ... Full text Link to item Cite

Requirement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit beta2 in the maintenance of spiral ganglion neurons during aging.

Journal Article J Neurosci · March 23, 2005 Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a major health concern for the elderly. Loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the primary sensory relay of the auditory system, is associated consistently with presbycusis. The causative molecular events responsi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Activity-dependent transcription regulation of PSD-95 by neuregulin-1 and Eos.

Journal Article Nat Neurosci · November 2004 Neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) contains an intracellular domain (Nrg-ICD) that translocates into the nucleus, where it may regulate gene expression upon neuronal depolarization. However, the identity of its target promoters and the mechanisms by which it regulates t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid electrical and delayed molecular signals regulate the serum response element after nerve injury: convergence of injury and learning signals.

Journal Article J Neurobiol · November 2003 Axotomy elicits changes in gene expression, but little is known about how information from the site of injury is communicated to the cell nucleus. We crushed nerves in Aplysia californica and the sciatic nerve in the mouse and found short- and long-term ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Back signaling by the Nrg-1 intracellular domain.

Journal Article J Cell Biol · June 23, 2003 Transmembrane isoforms of neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1), ligands for erbB receptors, include an extracellular domain with an EGF-like sequence and a highly conserved intracellular domain (ICD) of unknown function. In this paper, we demonstrate that transmembrane is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of neurogenesis by interactions between HEN1 and neuronal LMO proteins.

Journal Article Development · January 2000 Basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors regulate neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation by as yet unknown mechanisms. We show that an embryonic neuronal-specific basic-helix-loop-helix protein, HEN1 (also known as NSCL1 or NHLH), interacts with 'LI ... Full text Link to item Cite

Caffeine-sensitive calcium stores regulate synaptic transmission from retinal rod photoreceptors.

Journal Article J Neurosci · September 1, 1999 We investigated the role of caffeine-sensitive intracellular stores in regulating intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) and glutamatergic synaptic transmission from rod photoreceptors. Caffeine transiently elevated and then markedly depressed [Ca(2+)](i) to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Involvement of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms in a cellular analog of classical conditioning at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses in isolated cell culture.

Journal Article J Neurosci · January 1, 1998 Temporal pairing of presynaptic activity and serotonin produces enhanced facilitation at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses (pairing-specific facilitation), which may contribute to classical conditioning of the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. This ce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Involvement of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in posttetanic potentiation at Aplysia synapses.

Journal Article Science · February 14, 1997 Posttetanic potentiation (PTP) is a common form of short-term synaptic plasticity that is generally thought to be entirely presynaptic. Consistent with that idea, PTP of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isolation and characterization of Nmi, a novel partner of Myc proteins.

Journal Article Oncogene · May 16, 1996 The Myc family of oncogenes is thought to play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Although the structure and expression of Myc genes are well characterized, the function and biochemical properties of th ... Link to item Cite

Enhancement of c-fos expression in neurons of the rat spinal cord after partial denervation: evidence for functional plasticity.

Journal Article Exp Neurol · August 1993 c-fos immunocytochemistry was used to test a functional correlate of neuroplasticity involving nociceptive primary afferent fibers in the partially denervated adult rat spinal cord. Unilateral dorsal root ganglionectomies were made at L1-L4 (chronic side). ... Full text Link to item Cite