Joseph Yuan-Chieh Lo | Scholars@Duke

Joseph Yuan-Chieh Lo
Professor of Radiology

My research uses computer vision and machine learning to improve medical imaging, focusing on breast and CT imaging. There are three specific projects:

(1) We design deep learning models to diagnose breast cancer from mammograms. We perform single-shot lesion detection, multi-task segmentation/classification, and image synthesis. Our goal is to improve radiologist diagnostic performance and empower patients to make personalized treatment decisions. This work is funded by NIH, Dept of Defense, Cancer Research UK, and other agencies.

(2) We create virtual breast models that are based on actual patient data and thus contain highly realistic anatomy. We transform these virtual models into physical form using customized 3D printing technology. With NIH funding, we are translating this work to produce a new generation of realistic phantoms for CT. Such physical phantoms can be scanned on actual imaging devices, allowing us to assess image quality in new ways that are not only quantitative but also clinically relevant.

(3) We develop computer-aided triage tools to classify multiple diseases in chest-abdomen-pelvis CT scans. We are building hospital-scale data sets with hundreds of thousands of patients. This work includes natural language processing to analyze radiology reports as well as deep learning models for organ segmentation and disease classification.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2018
Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2019
Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 1993

Contact Information

2424 Erwin Road, Suite 302, Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs, Durham, NC 27705
2424 Erwin Road, Suite 302, Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs, Durham, NC 27705
joseph.lo@duke.edu (919) 684-7763
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Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Research Associate, Radiology, Duke University 1993 - 1995
- Ph.D., Duke University 1993
- B.S.E.E., Duke University 1988
Duke Appointment History
- Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2014 - 2019
- Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2014 - 2018
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2014 - 2017
- Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2014 - 2016
- Associate Research Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2011 - 2015
- Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2005 - 2014
- Associate Professor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2009 - 2014
- Assistant Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2006 - 2009
- Assistant Research Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 1995 - 2006
- Assistant Research Professor in Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2003 - 2005
- Assistant Research Professor in Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1997 - 1999
Leadership & Clinical Positions at Duke
- Vice Chair for Research of Radiology
  Director, Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories (RAI Labs)
  Associate Director, Medical Physics Graduate Program
Expertise
Subject Headings
Global Scholarship
- Expertise
  - United States of America (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke Resident Physician-Scientist Program in Radiation Oncology and Radiology awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2024
- Genomic Diversity and the Microenvironment as Drivers of Progression in DCIS awarded by Department of Defense 2014 - 2021
- Breast Cancer Detection Consortium awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- Machine learning and collaborative filtering tools for personalized education in digital breast tomosynthesis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- 3D Printing of Anatomically Realistic Phantoms for Optimization of Imaging Algorithms awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2021
- Training in Medical Imaging awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2020
- Prevent Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Invasive Overtreatment Now - PRECISION awarded by MD Anderson Cancer Center 2017 - 2020
- (PQC3) Genomic Diversity and the Microenvironment as Drivers of Metastasis in DCIS awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2019
- Molecular and Radiologic Predictors of Invasion in a DCIS Active Surveillance Cohort awarded by Breast Cancer Research Foundation 2016 - 2018
- Improved education in digital breast tomosynthesis using machine learning and computer vision tools awarded by Radiological Society of North America 2014 - 2016
- (PQA5) 'Dose and Mechanisms of Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention' awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2014
- 3D Digital Breast Phantoms For Multimodality Research awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2014
- Cross-disciplinary Training in Medical Physics awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2013
- Information-Theoretic Based CAD in Mammography awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2011
- Tomosynthesis for Improved Breast Cancer Detection awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2011
- Accurate Models for Predicting Radiation-Induced Injury awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2011
- Reducing Benign Breast Biopsies with Computer Modeling awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2008
- Predicting Breast Cancer With Ultrasound and Mammography awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2005
- Improved Diagnosis of Breast Microcalcification Clusters awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2004
- Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer Invasion awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2003
- Computer Aid for the Decision to Biopsy Breast Lesions awarded by US Army Medical Research 1999 - 2002
- Computer Aid for the Decision to Biopsy Breast Lesions awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2001
External Relationships
- Gammex / Sun Nuclear
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Selvakumaran, V., Hou, R., Baker, J. A., Yoon, S. C., Ghate, S. V., Walsh, R., … Grimm, L. J. (2020). Predicting Upstaging of DCIS to Invasive Disease: Radiologists's Predictive Performance. Acad Radiol, 27(11), 1580–1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.12.009
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  - Draelos, R. L., Dov, D., Mazurowski, M. A., Lo, J. Y., Henao, R., Rubin, G. D., & Carin, L. (2020). Machine-learning-based multiple abnormality prediction with large-scale chest computed tomography volumes. Med Image Anal, 67, 101857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2020.101857
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  - Grimm, L. J., Neely, B., Hou, R., Selvakumaran, V., Baker, J. A., Yoon, S. C., … Lo, J. Y. (2020). Mixed-methods study to predict upstaging of DCIS to invasive disease on mammography. Ajr Am J Roentgenol. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23679
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  - Abadi, E., Segars, W. P., Tsui, B. M. W., Kinahan, P. E., Bottenus, N., Frangi, A. F., … Samei, E. (2020). Virtual clinical trials in medical imaging: a review. J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 7(4), 042805. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.7.4.042805
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  - Hou, R., Mazurowski, M. A., Grimm, L. J., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., Maley, C. C., … Lo, J. Y. (2020). Prediction of Upstaged Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Using Forced Labeling and Domain Adaptation. Ieee Trans Biomed Eng, 67(6), 1565–1572. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2940195
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  - Schaffter, T., Buist, D. S. M., Lee, C. I., Nikulin, Y., Ribli, D., Guan, Y., … Jung, H. (2020). Evaluation of Combined Artificial Intelligence and Radiologist Assessment to Interpret Screening Mammograms. Jama Netw Open, 3(3), e200265. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0265
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  - Tushar, F. I., D’Anniballe, V. M., Hou, R., Mazurowski, M. A., Fu, W., Samei, E., … Lo, J. Y. (2020). Weakly Supervised Multi-Organ Multi-Disease Classification of Body CT Scans. Corr, abs/2008.01158.
  - Ikejimba, L. C., Salad, J., Graff, C. G., Ghammraoui, B., Cheng, W.-C., Lo, J. Y., & Glick, S. J. (2019). A four-alternative forced choice (4AFC) methodology for evaluating microcalcification detection in clinical full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems using an inkjet-printed anthropomorphic phantom. Med Phys, 46(9), 3883–3892. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13629
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  - Grimm, L. J., Miller, M. M., Thomas, S. M., Liu, Y., Lo, J. Y., Hwang, E. S., … Ryser, M. D. (2019). Growth Dynamics of Mammographic Calcifications: Differentiating Ductal Carcinoma in Situ from Benign Breast Disease. Radiology, 292(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182599
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  - Georgian-Smith, D., Obuchowski, N. A., Lo, J. Y., Brem, R. F., Baker, J. A., Fisher, P. R., … Mertelmeier, T. (2019). Can Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Replace Full-Field Digital Mammography? A Multireader, Multicase Study of Wide-Angle Tomosynthesis. Ajr Am J Roentgenol, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.18.20294
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  - Rossman, A. H., Catenacci, M., Zhao, C., Sikaria, D., Knudsen, J. E., Dawes, D., … Lo, J. Y. (2019). Three-dimensionally-printed anthropomorphic physical phantom for mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis with custom materials, lesions, and uniform quality control region. J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 6(2), 021604. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.6.2.021604
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  - Samei, E., & Lo, J. (2019). Special Section Guest Editorial: Special Section on 3D Printing in Medical Imaging. Journal of Medical Imaging, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.6.2.021601
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  - Shi, B., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Baker, J. A., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., … Lo, J. Y. (2018). Prediction of Occult Invasive Disease in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Using Deep Learning Features. J Am Coll Radiol, 15(3 Pt B), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.11.036
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  - Wen, G., Chang, H.-C., Reinhold, J., Lo, J. Y., & Markey, M. K. (2018). Virtual assessment of stereoscopic viewing of digital breast tomosynthesis projection images. J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 5(1), 015501. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.5.1.015501
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  - Sturgeon, G. M., Park, S., Segars, W. P., & Lo, J. Y. (2017). Synthetic breast phantoms from patient based eigenbreasts. Med Phys, 44(12), 6270–6279. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12579
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  - Shi, B., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Baker, J. A., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., … Lo, J. Y. (2017). Can Occult Invasive Disease in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Be Predicted Using Computer-extracted Mammographic Features? Acad Radiol, 24(9), 1139–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.03.013
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  - Ikejimba, L. C., Graff, C. G., Rosenthal, S., Badal, A., Ghammraoui, B., Lo, J. Y., & Glick, S. J. (2017). A novel physical anthropomorphic breast phantom for 2D and 3D x-ray imaging. Med Phys, 44(2), 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12062
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  - Ikejimba, L. C., Glick, S. J., Choudhury, K. R., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2016). Assessing task performance in FFDM, DBT, and synthetic mammography using uniform and anthropomorphic physical phantoms. Med Phys, 43(10), 5593. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4962475
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  - Wang, M., Zhang, J., Grimm, L. J., Ghate, S. V., Walsh, R., Johnson, K. S., … Mazurowski, M. A. (2016). Predicting false negative errors in digital breast tomosynthesis among radiology trainees using a computer vision-based approach. Expert Systems With Applications, 56, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2016.01.053
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  - Kiarashi, N., Nolte, L. W., Lo, J. Y., Segars, W. P., Ghate, S. V., Solomon, J. B., & Samei, E. (2016). Impact of breast structure on lesion detection in breast tomosynthesis, a simulation study. J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 3(3), 035504. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.3.3.035504
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  - Sturgeon, G. M., Kiarashi, N., Lo, J. Y., Samei, E., & Segars, W. P. (2016). Finite-element modeling of compression and gravity on a population of breast phantoms for multimodality imaging simulation. Med Phys, 43(5), 2207. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4945275
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  - Ikejimba, L., Lo, J. Y., Chen, Y., Oberhofer, N., Kiarashi, N., & Samei, E. (2016). A quantitative metrology for performance characterization of five breast tomosynthesis systems based on an anthropomorphic phantom. Med Phys, 43(4), 1627. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4943373
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  - Grimm, L. J., Zhang, J., Lo, J. Y., Johnson, K. S., Ghate, S. V., Walsh, R., & Mazurowski, M. A. (2016). Radiology Trainee Performance in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Relationship Between Difficulty and Error-Making Patterns. J Am Coll Radiol, 13(2), 198–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.09.025
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  - Erickson, D. W., Wells, J. R., Sturgeon, G. M., Samei, E., Dobbins, J. T., Segars, W. P., & Lo, J. Y. (2016). Population of 224 realistic human subject-based computational breast phantoms. Medical Physics, 43(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4937597
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  - Schmidt, M., Lo, J. Y., Grzetic, S., Lutzky, C., Brizel, D. M., & Das, S. K. (2015). Semiautomated head-and-neck IMRT planning using dose warping and scaling to robustly adapt plans in a knowledge database containing potentially suboptimal plans. Med Phys, 42(8), 4428–4434. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4923174
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  - Kiarashi, N., Nolte, A. C., Sturgeon, G. M., Segars, W. P., Ghate, S. V., Nolte, L. W., … Lo, J. Y. (2015). Development of realistic physical breast phantoms matched to virtual breast phantoms based on human subject data. Med Phys, 42(7), 4116–4126. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4919771
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  - Zhang, J., Grimm, L. J., Lo, J. Y., Johnson, K. S., Ghate, S. V., Walsh, R., & Mazurowski, M. A. (2015). Does Breast Imaging Experience During Residency Translate Into Improved Initial Performance in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis? J Am Coll Radiol, 12(7), 728–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.02.025
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  - Sechopoulos, I., Sabol, J. M., Berglund, J., Bolch, W. E., Brateman, L., Christodoulou, E., … Von Tiedemann, M. (2014). Radiation dosimetry in digital breast tomosynthesis: report of AAPM Tomosynthesis Subcommittee Task Group 223. Med Phys, 41(9), 091501. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4892600
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  - Zhang, J., Lo, J. Y., Kuzmiak, C. M., Ghate, S. V., Yoon, S. C., & Mazurowski, M. A. (2014). Using computer-extracted image features for modeling of error-making patterns in detection of mammographic masses among radiology residents. Med Phys, 41(9), 091907. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4892173
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  - Kiarashi, N., Lo, J. Y., Lin, Y., Ikejimba, L. C., Ghate, S. V., Nolte, L. W., … Samei, E. (2014). Development and application of a suite of 4-D virtual breast phantoms for optimization and evaluation of breast imaging systems. Ieee Trans Med Imaging, 33(7), 1401–1409. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2014.2312733
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  - Good, D., Lo, J., Lee, W. R., Wu, Q. J., Yin, F.-F., & Das, S. K. (2013). A knowledge-based approach to improving and homogenizing intensity modulated radiation therapy planning quality among treatment centers: an example application to prostate cancer planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 87(1), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.03.015
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  - Huo, Z., Summers, R. M., Paquerault, S., Lo, J., Hoffmeister, J., Armato, S. G., … Chan, H.-P. (2013). Quality assurance and training procedures for computer-aided detection and diagnosis systems in clinical use. Med Phys, 40(7), 077001. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4807642
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  - Chung, H., Ikejimba, L., Kiarashi, N., Samei, E., Hoernig, M., & Lo, J. Y. (2013). Estimating breast density with dual energy mammography: A simple model based on calibration phantoms. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 8668. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008398
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  - Kiarashi, N., Ghate, S. V., Lo, J. Y., Nolte, L. W., & Samei, E. (2012). Application of a dynamic 4D anthropomorphic breast phantom in contrast-based imaging system optimization: Dual-energy or temporal subtraction? Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 7361 LNCS, 658–665. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31271-7_85
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  - Baker, J. A., & Lo, J. Y. (2011). Breast tomosynthesis: state-of-the-art and review of the literature. Acad Radiol, 18(10), 1298–1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.06.011
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  - Mazurowski, M. A., Lo, J. Y., Harrawood, B. P., & Tourassi, G. D. (2011). Mutual information-based template matching scheme for detection of breast masses: from mammography to digital breast tomosynthesis. J Biomed Inform, 44(5), 815–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2011.04.008
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  - Shafer, C. M., Seewaldt, V. L., & Lo, J. Y. (2011). Validation of a 3D hidden-Markov model for breast tissue segmentation and density estimation from MR and tomosynthesis images. Proceedings of the 2011 Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Conference: Image Informatics and Analytics in Biomedicine, Bsec 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/BSEC.2011.5872317
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  - Chanyavanich, V., Das, S. K., Lee, W. R., & Lo, J. Y. (2011). Knowledge-based IMRT treatment planning for prostate cancer. Med Phys, 38(5), 2515–2522. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3574874
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  - Webb, L. J., Samei, E., Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., Ghate, S. V., Kim, C., … Walsh, R. (2011). Comparative performance of multiview stereoscopic and mammographic display modalities for breast lesion detection. Med Phys, 38(4), 1972–1980. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3562901
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  - Singh, S., Maxwell, J., Baker, J. A., Nicholas, J. L., & Lo, J. Y. (2011). Computer-aided classification of breast masses: performance and interobserver variability of expert radiologists versus residents. Radiology, 258(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10081308
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  - Robinson, M. D., Toth, C. A., Lo, J. Y., & Farsiu, S. (2010). Efﬁcient fourier-wavelet super-resolution. Ieee Trans Image Process, 19(10), 2669–2681. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2010.2050107
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  - Ranger, N. T., Lo, J. Y., & Samei, E. (2010). A technique optimization protocol and the potential for dose reduction in digital mammography. Med Phys, 37(3), 962–969. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3276732
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  - Shafer, C. M., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2010). The quantitative potential for breast tomosynthesis imaging. Med Phys, 37(3), 1004–1016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3285038
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  - Chawla, A. S., Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., & Samei, E. (2009). Optimized image acquisition for breast tomosynthesis in projection and reconstruction space. Med Phys, 36(11), 4859–4869. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3231814
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  - Saunders, R. S., Samei, E., Lo, J. Y., & Baker, J. A. (2009). Can compression be reduced for breast tomosynthesis? Monte carlo study on mass and microcalcification conspicuity in tomosynthesis. Radiology, 251(3), 673–682. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2521081278
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  - Jesneck, J. L., Mukherjee, S., Yurkovetsky, Z., Clyde, M., Marks, J. R., Lokshin, A. E., & Lo, J. Y. (2009). Do serum biomarkers really measure breast cancer? Bmc Cancer, 9, 164. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-164
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  - Chawla, A. S., Saunders, R. S., Singh, S., Lo, J. Y., & Samei, E. (2009). Towards optimized acquisition scheme for multiprojection correlation imaging of breast cancer. Acad Radiol, 16(4), 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2008.09.013
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  - Singh, S., Tourassi, G. D., Baker, J. A., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2008). Automated breast mass detection in 3D reconstructed tomosynthesis volumes: a featureless approach. Med Phys, 35(8), 3626–3636. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2953562
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  - Williams, M. B., Raghunathan, P., More, M. J., Seibert, J. A., Kwan, A., Lo, J. Y., … Mawdsley, G. E. (2008). Optimization of exposure parameters in full field digital mammography. Med Phys, 35(6), 2414–2423. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2912177
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  - Floyd, C. E., Kapadia, A. J., Bender, J. E., Sharma, A. C., Xia, J. Q., Harrawood, B. P., … Howell, C. R. (2008). Neutron-stimulated emission computed tomography of a multi-element phantom. Phys Med Biol, 53(9), 2313–2326. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/9/008
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  - Xia, J. Q., Lo, J. Y., Yang, K., Floyd, C. E., & Boone, J. M. (2008). Dedicated breast computed tomography: volume image denoising via a partial-diffusion equation based technique. Med Phys, 35(5), 1950–1958. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2903436
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  - Chawla, A. S., Samei, E., Saunders, R. S., Lo, J. Y., & Baker, J. A. (2008). A mathematical model platform for optimizing a multiprojection breast imaging system. Med Phys, 35(4), 1337–1345. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2885367
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  - Mazurowski, M. A., Habas, P. A., Zurada, J. M., Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., & Tourassi, G. D. (2008). Training neural network classifiers for medical decision making: the effects of imbalanced datasets on classification performance. Neural Netw, 21(2–3), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2007.12.031
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  - Karellas, A., Lo, J. Y., & Orton, C. G. (2008). Point/Counterpoint. Cone beam x-ray CT will be superior to digital x-ray tomosynthesis in imaging the breast and delineating cancer. Med Phys, 35(2), 409–411. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2825612
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J. Y., & Dobbins, J. T. (2008). Impulse response and Modulation Transfer Function analysis for Shift-And-Add and Back Projection image reconstruction algorithms in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT). Int J Funct Inform Personal Med, 1(2), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJFIPM.2008.020187
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J. Y., & Dobbins, J. T. (2007). A comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and point-by-point back projection (BP) - Relevance to morphology of microcalcifications for isocentric motion in Digital Breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Proceedings of the 7th Ieee International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, Bibe, 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBE.2007.4375617
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  - Singh, S., Tourassi, G. D., & Lo, J. Y. (2007). Breast mass detection in tomosynthesis projection images using information-theoretic similarity measures. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 6514(PART 1). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713004
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J. Y., & Dobbins, J. T. (2007). Importance of point-by-point back projection correction for isocentric motion in digital breast tomosynthesis: relevance to morphology of structures such as microcalcifications. Med Phys, 34(10), 3885–3892. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2776256
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  - Jesneck, J. L., Lo, J. Y., & Baker, J. A. (2007). Breast mass lesions: computer-aided diagnosis models with mammographic and sonographic descriptors. Radiology, 244(2), 390–398. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2442060712
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  - Tourassi, G. D., Harrawood, B., Singh, S., & Lo, J. Y. (2007). Information-theoretic CAD system in mammography: entropy-based indexing for computational efficiency and robust performance. Med Phys, 34(8), 3193–3204. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2751075
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  - Baydush, A. H., Catarious, D. M., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (2007). Incorporation of a Laguerre-Gauss channelized Hotelling observer for false-positive reduction in a mammographic mass CAD system. J Digit Imaging, 20(2), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-007-9009-8
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  - Samei, E., Stebbins, S. A., Dobbins, J. T., McAdams, H. P., & Lo, J. Y. (2007). Multiprojection correlation imaging for improved detection of pulmonary nodules. Ajr Am J Roentgenol, 188(5), 1239–1245. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.06.0843
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  - Patterson, K., Vasek, J., Yuan, C. M., Bailey, G. E., Kusnadi, I., Do, T., & Sturtevant, J. L. (2007). Circuit-based SEM contour OPC model calibration. Design for Manufacturability Through Design Process Integration. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713044
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  - Floyd, C. E., Sharma, A. C., Bender, J. E., Kapadia, A. J., Xia, J. Q., Harrawood, B. P., … Howell, C. R. (2007). Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography: Background corrections. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 254(2), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.098
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  - Tourassi, G. D., Harrawood, B., Singh, S., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (2007). Evaluation of information-theoretic similarity measures for content-based retrieval and detection of masses in mammograms. Med Phys, 34(1), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2401667
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  - Jesneck, J. L., Nolte, L. W., Baker, J. A., Floyd, C. E., & Lo, J. Y. (2006). Optimized approach to decision fusion of heterogeneous data for breast cancer diagnosis. Med Phys, 33(8), 2945–2954. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2208934
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  - Floyd, C. E., Bender, J. E., Sharma, A. C., Kapadia, A., Xia, J., Harrawood, B., … Howell, C. (2006). Introduction to neutron stimulated emission computed tomography. Phys Med Biol, 51(14), 3375–3390. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/14/006
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  - Sharma, A., Floyd, C., Harrawood, B., Tourassi, G., Kapadia, A., Bender, J., … Howell, C. (2006). Rotating slat collimator design for high-energy near-field imaging. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 6142 I. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.653929
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J. Y., & Dobbins, J. T. (2006). Noise power spectrum analysis for several digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithms. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 6142 III. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652282
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., & Dobbins, J. T. (2006). Gaussian frequency blending algorithm with Matrix Inversion Tomosynthesis (MITS) and Filtered Back Projection (FBP) for better digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 6142 I. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652264
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  - Floyd, C. E., Bender, J. E., Harrawood, B., Sharma, A. C., Kapadia, A., Tourassi, G. D., … Howell, C. (2006). Breast cancer diagnosis using neutron stimulated emission computed tomography: Dose and count requirements. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 6142 II. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.656045
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  - Jesneck, J. L., Nolte, L. W., Baker, J. A., & Lo, J. Y. (2006). The effect of data set size on computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer: Comparing decision fusion to a linear discriminant. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 6146. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.655235
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  - Singh, S., Baydush, A., Harrawood, B., & Lo, J. (2006). Mass detection in mammographic ROIs using Watson filters. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 6146. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.653224
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  - Williams, M. B., Raghunathan, P., Seibert, A., Kwan, A., Lo, J., Samei, E., … Bloomquist, A. (2006). Beam optimization for digital mammography - II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 4046 LNCS, 273–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/11783237_38
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  - Bissonnette, M., Hansroul, M., Masson, E., Savard, S., Cadieux, S., Warmoes, P., … Singh, S. (2005). Digital breast tomosynthesis using an amorphous selenium flat panel detector. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 5745(I), 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.601622
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J. Y., & Dobbins, J. T. (2005). Impulse response analysis for several digital tomosynthesis mammography reconstruction algorithms. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 5745(I), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595684
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  - Jesneck, J. L., Saunders, R. S., Samei, E., Xia, J. Q., & Lo, J. Y. (2005). Detector evaluation of a prototype amorphous selenium-based full field digital mammography system. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 5745(I), 478–485. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596087
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  - Markey, M. K., & Lo, J. Y. (2005). Issues in assessing multi-institutional performance of BI-RADS-based CAD systems. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 5747(II), 858–865. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.594706
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  - Xia, J. Q., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (2005). Characterization of scatter radiation of a breast phantom on siemens prototype FFDM with and without an anti-scatter grid. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, 5745(II), 1096–1102. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595960
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  - Bilska-Wolak, A. O., Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., & Baker, J. A. (2005). Computer aid for decision to biopsy breast masses on mammography: validation on new cases. Acad Radiol, 12(6), 671–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2005.02.011
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  - Samei, E., Lo, J. Y., Yoshizumi, T. T., Jesneck, J. L., Dobbins, J. T., Floyd, C. E., … Ravin, C. E. (2005). Comparative scatter and dose performance of slot-scan and full-field digital chest radiography systems. Radiology, 235(3), 940–949. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2353040516
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  - Baker, J. A., Rosen, E. L., Crockett, M. M., & Lo, J. Y. (2005). Accuracy of segmentation of a commercial computer-aided detection system for mammography. Radiology, 235(2), 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2352040899
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  - Saunders, R. S., Samei, E., Jesneck, J. L., & Lo, J. Y. (2005). Physical characterization of a prototype selenium-based full field digital mammography detector. Med Phys, 32(2), 588–599. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1855033
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  - Samei, E., Dobbins, J. T., Lo, J. Y., & Tornai, M. P. (2005). A framework for optimising the radiographic technique in digital X-ray imaging. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 114(1–3), 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nch562
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  - Fischer, E. A., Lo, J. Y., & Markey, M. K. (2004). Bayesian networks of BI-RADS™ descriptors for breast lesion Classification. Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings, 26 IV, 3031–3034.
  - Baker, J. A., Lo, J. Y., Delong, D. M., & Floyd, C. E. (2004). Computer-aided detection in screening mammography: variability in cues. Radiology, 233(2), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2332031200
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  - Land, W. H., McKee, D. W., Anderson, F. R., & Lo, J. Y. (2004). Breast cancer classification improvements using a new kernel function with evolutionary-programming-configured support vector machines. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5370 II, 880–887. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.535864
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  - Land, W. H., Wong, L., McKee, D., Masters, T., Anderson, F., Raturi, A., & Lo, J. Y. (2004). New results in computer aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer using a recently developed SVM/GRNN oracle hybrid. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5370 II, 777–784. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533142
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  - Samei, E., Saunders, R. S., Lo, J. Y., Dobbins, J. T., Jesneck, J. L., Floyd, C. E., & Ravin, C. E. (2004). Fundamental imaging characteristics of a slot-scan digital chest radiographic system. Med Phys, 31(9), 2687–2698. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1783531
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  - Baker, J. A., Rosen, E. L., Lo, J. Y., Gimenez, E. I., Walsh, R., & Soo, M. S. (2003). Computer-aided detection (CAD) in screening mammography: sensitivity of commercial CAD systems for detecting architectural distortion. Ajr Am J Roentgenol, 181(4), 1083–1088. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.4.1811083
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  - Bilska-Wolak, A. O., Floyd, C. E., & Lo, J. Y. (2003). Prediction of breast biopsy outcome using a likelihood ratio classifier and biopsy cases from two medical centers. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5032 III, 1386–1391. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.481349
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  - Land, W. H., McKee, D. W., Lo, J. Y., & Anderson, F. R. (2003). Improving the predictive value of mammography using a specialized evolutionary programming hybrid and fitness functions. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5032 II, 898–907. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483550
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  - Land, W. H., McKee, D., Velazquez, R., Wong, L., Lo, J. Y., & Anderson, F. (2003). Application of support vector machines to breast cancer screening using mammogram and clinical history data. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5032 I, 546–556. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480235
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  - Lo, J. Y., Gavrielides, M., Markey, M. K., & Jesneck, J. L. (2003). Computer-aided classification of breast microcalcification clusters: Merging of features from image processing and radiologists. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5032 II, 882–889. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480869
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  - Tourassi, G. D., Lo, J. Y., & Markey, M. K. (2003). Validation of a constraint satisfaction neural network for breast cancer diagnosis: New results from 1,030 cases. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5032 I, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.481111
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  - Bilska-Wolak, A. O., Floyd, C. E., Nolte, L. W., & Lo, J. Y. (2003). Application of likelihood ratio to classification of mammographic masses; performance comparison to case-based reasoning. Med Phys, 30(5), 949–958. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1565339
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  - Markey, M. K., Lo, J. Y., Tourassi, G. D., & Floyd, C. E. (2003). Self-organizing map for cluster analysis of a breast cancer database. Artif Intell Med, 27(2), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0933-3657(03)00003-4
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  - Land, W. H., Lo, J. Y., & Velázquez, R. (2002). Using evolutionary programming to configure support vector machines for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, 12, 249–254.
  - Land, W. H., McKee, D. W., Lo, J. Y., & Anderson, F. (2002). Improving mammogram screening using a bank of support vector machines (SVMs). Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, 12, 779–784.
  - Markey, M. K., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (2002). Differences between computer-aided diagnosis of breast masses and that of calcifications. Radiology, 223(2), 489–493. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2232011257
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  - Gavrielides, M. A., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (2002). Parameter optimization of a computer-aided diagnosis scheme for the segmentation of microcalcification clusters in mammograms. Med Phys, 29(4), 475–483. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1460874
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  - Keogan, M. T., Lo, J. Y., Freed, K. S., Raptopoulos, V., Blake, S., Kamel, I. R., … Nelson, R. C. (2002). Outcome analysis of patients with acute pancreatitis by using an artificial neural network. Acad Radiol, 9(4), 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80186-1
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  - Markey, M. K., Lo, J. Y., Vargas-Voracek, R., Tourassi, G. D., & Floyd, C. E. (2002). Perceptron error surface analysis: a case study in breast cancer diagnosis. Comput Biol Med, 32(2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4825(01)00035-x
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  - Lo, J. Y., Markey, M. K., Baker, J. A., & Floyd, C. E. (2002). Cross-institutional evaluation of BI-RADS predictive model for mammographic diagnosis of breast cancer. Ajr Am J Roentgenol, 178(2), 457–463. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.178.2.1780457
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  - Land, W. H., Akanda, A., Lo, J. Y., Anderson, F., & Bryden, M. (2002). Application of support vector machines to breast cancer screening using mammogram and history data. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4684 I, 636–642. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.467206
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  - Land, W. H., Bryden, M., Lo, J. Y., McKee, D. W., & Anderson, F. R. (2002). Performance tradeoff between evolutionary computation (EC)/adaptive boosting (AB) hybrid and support vector machine breast cancer classification paradigms. Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Cec 2002, 1, 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2002.1006231
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  - Markey, M. K., Lo, J. Y., Tourassi, G. D., & Floyd, C. E. (2002). Cluster analysis of BI-RADS™ descriptions of biopsy-proven breast lesions. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4684 I, 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.467177
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  - Baydush, A. H., Catarious, D. M., Lo, J. Y., Abbey, C. K., & Floyd, C. E. (2001). Computerized classification of suspicious regions in chest radiographs using subregion Hotelling observers. Med Phys, 28(12), 2403–2409. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1420402
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  - Tourassi, G. D., Markey, M. K., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (2001). A neural network approach to breast cancer diagnosis as a constraint satisfaction problem. Med Phys, 28(5), 804–811. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1367861
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  - Land, J., Masters, T., Lo, J. Y., & McKee, D. W. (2001). Application of adaptive boosting to EP-derived multi-layer feedforward neural networks (MLFN) to improve benign/malignant breast cancer classification. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4322(3), 1717–1724. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431058
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  - Land, J., Masters, T., Lo, J. Y., & McKee, D. W. (2001). Application of evolutionary computation and neural network hybrids for breast cancer classification using mammogram and history data. Proceedings of the Ieee Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Icec, 2, 1147–1154.
  - Land, W. H., Masters, T., & Lo, J. Y. (2000). Application of a GRNN ORACLE to the intelligent combination of several breast cancer benign/malignant predictive paradigms. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3979.
  - Land, W., Masters, T., & Lo, J. (2000). Application of a new Evolutionary Programming/Adaptive Boosting hybrid to breast cancer diagnosis. Proceedings of the Ieee Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Icec, 2, 1436–1442.
  - Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., & Tourassi, G. D. (2000). Case-based reasoning computer algorithm that uses mammographic findings for breast biopsy decisions. Ajr Am J Roentgenol, 175(5), 1347–1352. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.175.5.1751347
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  - Tourassi, G. D., Floyd, Jr., C. E., & Lo, J. Y. (2000). Use of a constraint satisfaction neural network for breast cancer diagnosis and dynamic scenarios simulation. Medical Imaging 2000: Image Processing. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.387680
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  - Gavrielides, M. A., Lo, J. Y., Vargas-Voracek, R., & Floyd, C. E. (2000). Segmentation of suspicious clustered microcalcifications in mammograms. Med Phys, 27(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598852
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  - Jr, W. H. L., Masters, T., & Lo, J. Y. (2000). Application of a GRNN ORACLE to the intelligent combination of several breast cancer benign/malignant predictive paradigms. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3979, I/-.
  - Lo, J. Y., Land, W. H., & Morrison, C. T. (2000). Evolutionary programming technique for reducing complexity of artificial neural networks for breast cancer diagnosis. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3979.
  - Lo, J. Y., Land, W. H., & Morrison, C. T. (2000). Evolutionary programming technique for reducing complexity of artificial neural networks for breast cancer diagnosis. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3979, I/-.
  - Tourassi, G. D., Floyd, C. E., & Lo, J. Y. (2000). Use of a constraint satisfaction neural network for breast cancer diagnosis and dynamic scenarios simulation. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3979.
  - Land, W. H., Masters, T., Morrison, C. T., & Lo, J. Y. (1999). Application of a GRNN oracle to the intelligent combination of several breast cancer benign/malignant predictive paradigms. Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, 9, 803–808.
  - Lo, J. Y., Land, W. H., & Morrison, C. T. (1999). Application of evolutionary programming and probabilistic neural networks to breast cancer diagnosis. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 5, 3712–3716.
  - Tourassi, G. D., Floyd, C. E., & Lo, J. Y. (1999). Constraint Satisfaction Neural Network for medical diagnosis. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 5, 3632–3635.
  - Munley, M. T., Lo, J. Y., Sibley, G. S., Bentel, G. C., Anscher, M. S., & Marks, L. B. (1999). A neural network to predict symptomatic lung injury. Phys Med Biol, 44(9), 2241–2249. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/44/9/311
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  - Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., & Baker, J. A. (1999). Prediction of breast biopsy outcomes from mammographic findings. Computer Aided Diagnosis in Medical Imaging, 1182, 193–200.
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  - Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., & Tourassi, G. D. (1999). Case-based reasoning as a computer aid to diagnosis. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3661(I), 486–489.
  - Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (1999). Application of artificial neural networks for diagnosis of breast cancer. Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Cec 1999, 3, 1755–1759. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.1999.785486
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  - Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (1999). Computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Computer Aided Diagnosis in Medical Imaging, 1182, 221–225.
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  - Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., Kornguth, P. J., & Floyd, C. E. (1999). Effect of patient history data on the prediction of breast cancer from mammographic findings with artificial neural networks. Acad Radiol, 6(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(99)80056-7
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  - Freed, K. S., Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., Floyd, C. E., Low, V. H., Seabourn, J. T., & Nelson, R. C. (1998). Predictive model for the diagnosis of intraabdominal abscess. Acad Radiol, 5(7), 473–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(98)80187-6
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  - Sakamoto, H., Lo, J. Y. D., & Nishida, T. (1998). QoS middleware for Internet multimedia streaming. Nec Tech. J. (Japan), 51(8), 35–40.
  - Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (1997). Self-organizing maps for analyzing mammographic findings. Ieee International Conference on Neural Networks Conference Proceedings, 4, 2472–2474. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNN.1997.614546
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  - Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., Kornguth, P. J., Iglehart, J. D., & Floyd, C. E. (1997). Predicting breast cancer invasion with artificial neural networks on the basis of mammographic features. Radiology, 203(1), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.203.1.9122385
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  - Lo, J. Y., Kim, J., Baker, J. A., & Floyd, C. E. (1996). Computer-aided diagnosis of mammography using an artificial neural network: Predicting the invasiveness of breast cancers from image features. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2710, 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237977
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  - Floyd, C. E., Patz, E. F., Lo, J. Y., Vittitoe, N. F., & Stambaugh, L. E. (1996). Diffuse nodular lung disease on chest radiographs: a pilot study of characterization by fractal dimension. Ajr Am J Roentgenol, 167(5), 1185–1187. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.167.5.8911177
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  - Baker, J. A., Kornguth, P. J., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (1996). Artificial neural network: improving the quality of breast biopsy recommendations. Radiology, 198(1), 131–135. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.198.1.8539365
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  - Jr, F. C. E., Lo, J. Y., Tourassi, G. D., Baker, J. A., Vitittoe, N. F., & Vargas-Vorack, R. (1996). Computer aided diagnosis in thoracic and mammographic radiology. Med. Imaging Technol. (Japan), 14(6), 629–634.
  - Mun, S. K., Freedman, M. T., Wu, Y. C., Lo, B. S., Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., … Kim, Y. (1995). Academic consortium for the evaluation of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) in mammography. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2431, 442–446.
  - Lo, J. Y., Baker, J. A., Kornguth, P. J., & Floyd, C. E. (1995). Computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer: artificial neural network approach for optimized merging of mammographic features. Acad Radiol, 2(10), 841–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80057-1
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  - Baker, J. A., Kornguth, P. J., Lo, J. Y., Williford, M. E., & Floyd, C. E. (1995). Breast cancer: prediction with artificial neural network based on BI-RADS standardized lexicon. Radiology, 196(3), 817–822. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.196.3.7644649
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  - Lo, J. Y., Grisson, A. T., Floyd, C. E., & Kornguth, P. J. (1995). Computer-aided diagnosis of mammograms using an artificial neural network: Merging of standardized input features from the ACR lexicon. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2434, 571–578. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.208729
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  - Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., Yun, A. J., Sullivan, D. C., & Kornguth, P. J. (1994). Prediction of breast cancer malignancy using an artificial neural network. Cancer, 74(11), 2944–2948. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19941201)74:11<2944::aid-cncr2820741109>3.0.co;2-f
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  - Floyd, C. E., Baydush, A. H., Lo, J. Y., Bowsher, J. E., & Ravin, C. E. (1994). Bayesian restoration of chest radiographs. Scatter compensation with improved signal-to-noise ratio. Invest Radiol, 29(10), 904–910. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199410000-00007
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  - Lo, J. Y., Baydush, A. H., & Floyd, C. E. (1994). Spatially varying scatter compensation for chest radiographs using a hybrid Madaline artificial neural network. Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2167, 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.175095
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  - Lo, J. Y., Floyd, C. E., Baker, J. A., & Ravin, C. E. (1994). Scatter compensation in digital chest radiography using the posterior beam stop technique. Med Phys, 21(3), 435–443. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597388
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  - Baker, J. A., Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., & Ravin, C. E. (1993). Observer evaluation of scatter subtraction for digital portable chest radiographs. Invest Radiol, 28(8), 667–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199308000-00001
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  - Jordan, L. K., Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., & Ravin, C. E. (1993). Measurement of scatter fractions in erect posteroanterior and lateral chest radiography. Radiology, 188(1), 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.188.1.8511301
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  - Lo, J. Y., Floyd, C. E., Baker, J. A., & Ravin, C. E. (1993). An artificial neural network for estimating scatter exposures in portable chest radiography. Med Phys, 20(4), 965–973. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.596978
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  - Floyd, C. E., Baydush, A. H., Lo, J. Y., Bowsher, J. E., & Ravin, C. E. (1993). Scatter compensation for digital chest radiography using maximum likelihood expectation maximization. Invest Radiol, 28(5), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199305000-00009
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  - BAYDUSH, A. H., FLOYD, C. E., LO, J. Y., BOWSHER, J. E., & RAVIN, C. E. (1992). SCATTER REDUCTION IN PORTABLE DIGITAL CHEST RADIOGRAPHY WITH BAYESIAN IMAGE ESTIMATION. Radiology, 185, 305–305.
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  - LO, J. Y., FLOYD, C. E., BOWSHER, J. E., & RAVIN, C. E. (1992). SPATIALLY VARYING SCATTER ESTIMATION IN PORTABLE CHEST RADIOGRAPHY WITH AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK. Radiology, 185, 300–300.
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  - Floyd, C. E., Baker, J. A., Lo, J. Y., & Ravin, C. E. (1992). Measurement of scatter fractions in clinical bedside radiography. Radiology, 183(3), 857–861. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.183.3.1584947
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  - Floyd, C. E., Baker, J. A., Lo, J. Y., & Ravin, C. E. (1992). Posterior beam-stop method for scatter fraction measurement in digital radiography. Invest Radiol, 27(2), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199202000-00004
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  - Floyd, C. E., Lo, J. Y., Chotas, H. G., & Ravin, C. E. (1991). Quantitative scatter measurement in digital radiography using a photostimulable phosphor imaging system. Med Phys, 18(3), 408–413. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.596687
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  - Chotas, H. G., Floyd, C. E., Dobbins, J. T., Lo, J. Y., & Ravin, C. E. (1990). Scatter fractions in AMBER imaging. Radiology, 177(3), 879–880. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.177.3.2244003
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- Book Sections
  - Robinson, M. D., Chiu, S. J., Toth, C. A., Izatt, J. A., Lo, J. Y., & Farsiu, S. (2017). New applications of super-resolution in medical imaging. In Super-Resolution Imaging (pp. 383–412). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439819319
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  - Robinson, M. D., Farsiu, S., Lo, J. Y., & Toth, C. A. (2008). Efficient restoration and enhancement of super-resolved X-ray images (pp. 629–632). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2008.4711833
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  - Jesneck, J. L., Mukherjee, S., Nolte, L. W., Lokshin, A. E., Marks, J. R., & Lo, J. (2007). Decision fusion of circulating markers for breast cancer detection in premenopausal women (pp. 1434–1438). https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBE.2007.4375762
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  - Land, W. H., McKee, D. W., Anderson, F. R., Masters, T., Lo, J. Y., Embrechts, M., & Heine, J. (2006). Using computational intelligence for computer-aided diagnosis of screen-film mammograms. In Recent Advances in Breast Imaging, Mammography, and Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer (pp. 315–375). https://doi.org/10.1117/3.651880.ch10
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  - Lo, J. Y., Bilska-Wolak, A. O., Baker, J. A., Tourassi, G. D., Floyd, C. E., & Markey, M. K. (2006). Computer-aided diagnosis in breast imaging: Where do we go after detection? In Recent Advances in Breast Imaging, Mammography, and Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer (pp. 871–900). https://doi.org/10.1117/3.651880.ch27
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- Other Articles
  - Robinson, M. D., Farsiu, S., Lo, J. Y., Milanfar, P., & Toth, C. A. (2007). Efficient registration of aliased x-ray images. Conference Record Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2007.4487198
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- Conference Papers
  - Faryna, K., Tushar, F. I., D’Anniballe, V. M., Hou, R., Rubin, G. D., & Lo, J. Y. (2020). Attention-guided classification of abnormalities in semi-structured computed tomography reports. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 11314). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2551370
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  - Hou, R., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., Maley, C. C., … Lo, J. Y. (2020). A multitask deep learning method in simultaneously predicting occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in-situ and segmenting microcalcifications in mammography. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 11314). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549669
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  - Ikejimba, L. C., Salad, J., Graff, C. G., Goodsitt, M., Chan, H. P., Zhao, W., … Glick, S. J. (2020). Assessment of task-based performance from five clinical DBT systems using an anthropomorphic breast phantom. In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering (Vol. 11513). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2564357
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  - Pegues, H., Tong, H., Wiley, B. J., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2020). CT phantom with 3D anthropomorphic, contrast-enhanced texture. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 11312). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549734
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  - Peng, Y., Hou, R., Ren, Y., Grimm, L. J., Marks, J. R., Hwang, E. S., & Lo, J. Y. (2020). Microcalcification localization and cluster detection using unsupervised convolutional autoencoders and structural similarity index. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 11314). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2551263
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  - Saha, A., Tushar, F. I., Faryna, K., D’Anniballe, V. M., Hou, R., Mazurowski, M. A., … Lo, J. Y. (2020). Weakly supervised 3D classification of chest CT using aggregated multi-resolution deep segmentation features. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 11314). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2550857
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  - Samei, E., Abadi, E., Kapadia, A., Lo, J., Mazurowski, M., & Segars, P. (2020). Virtual imaging trials: An emerging experimental paradigm in imaging research and practice. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 11312). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549818
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  - Vancoillie, L., Cockmartin, L., Marshall, N. W., Lo, J. Y., & Bosmans, H. (2020). Evaluation of possible phantoms for assessment of image quality in synthetic mammograms. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 11312). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548465
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  - Benitez, M., Tian, J., Kelly, M., Selvakumaran, V., Phelan, M., Mazurowski, M., … Henao, R. (2019). Combining deep learning methods and human knowledge to identify abnormalities in computed tomography (CT) reports. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10950). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512886
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  - Fu, W., Sharma, S., Smith, T., Hou, R., Abadi, E., Selvakumaran, V., … Samei, E. (2019). Multi-organ segmentation in clinical-computed tomography for patient-specific image quality and dose metrology. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10948). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512883
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  - Geng, Y., Ren, Y., Hou, R., Han, S., Rubin, G. D., & Lo, J. Y. (2019). 2.5D CNN model for detecting lung disease using weak supervision. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10950). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513631
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  - Han, S., Tian, J., Kelly, M., Selvakumaran, V., Henao, R., Rubin, G. D., & Lo, J. Y. (2019). Classifying abnormalities in computed tomography radiology reports with rule-based and natural language processing models. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10950). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513577
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  - Hou, R., Ren, Y., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Marks, J. R., King, L., … Lo, J. Y. (2019). Malignant microcalcification clusters detection using unsupervised deep autoencoders. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10950). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512829
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  - Kong, D., Ren, Y., Hou, R., Grimm, L. J., Marks, J. R., & Lo, J. Y. (2019). Synthesis and texture manipulation of screening mammograms using conditional generative adversarial network. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10950). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513125
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  - Liu, Y., Fu, W., Selvakumaran, V., Phelan, M., Segars, W. P., Samei, E., … Henao, R. (2019). Deep learning of 3D computed tomography (CT) images for organ segmentation using 2D multi-channel SegNet model. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10954). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512887
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  - Pegues, H., Knudsen, J., Tong, H., Gehm, M. E., Wiley, B. J., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2019). Using inkjet 3D printing to create contrast-enhanced textured physical phantoms for CT. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10948). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512890
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  - Ren, Y., Hou, R., Kong, D., Geng, Y., Grimm, L. J., Marks, J. R., & Lo, J. Y. (2019). Multiview mammographic mass detection based on a single shot detection system. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10950). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513136
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  - Ren, Y., Zhu, Z., Li, Y., Kong, D., Hou, R., Grimm, L. J., … Lo, J. Y. (2019). Mask Embedding for Realistic High-Resolution Medical Image Synthesis. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 11769 LNCS, pp. 422–430). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32226-7_47
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  - Tang, R., Tushar, F. I., Han, S., Hou, R., Rubin, G. D., & Lo, J. Y. (2019). Classification of chest CT using case-level weak supervision. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10950). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513576
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  - Tong, H., Pegues, H., Yang, F., Samei, E., Lo, J. Y., & Wiley, B. J. (2019). Controlling the position-dependent contrast of 3D printed physical phantoms with a single material. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10948). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513469
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  - Lo, J. Y., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Baker, J. A., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., … Shi, B. (2018). Prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ using deep learning features. In Cancer Research (Vol. 78). San Antonio, TX: AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH.
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  - Hou, R., Shi, B., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., … Lo, J. Y. (2018). Improving classification with forced labeling of other related classes: Application to prediction of upstaged ductal carcinoma in situ using mammographic features. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10575). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293809
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  - Ikejimba, L. C., Salad, J., Kemp, K., Graff, C. G., Ghammraoui, B., Lo, J. Y., & Glick, S. J. (2018). Method for task-based evaluation of clinical FFDM and DBT systems using an anthropomorphic breast phantom. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10718). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2318523
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  - Ikejimba, L. C., Yan, T., Kemp, K., Salad, J., Graff, C. G., Ghammraoui, B., … Glick, S. J. (2018). Methodology for the objective assessment of lesion detection performance with breast tomosynthesis and digital mammography using a physical anthropomorphic phantom. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10573). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2294562
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  - Rajagopal, J., Sturgeon, G. M., Chen, X. C., Sauer, T. J., Ren, Y., Segars, W. P., & Lo, J. Y. (2018). Evaluation of statistical breast phantoms with higher resolution. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10573). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2294049
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  - Rossman, A., Catenacci, M., Li, A. M., Sauer, T. J., Solomon, J., Gehm, M. E., … Lo, J. Y. (2018). 3D printed anthropomorphic physical phantom for mammography and DBT with high contrast custom materials, lesions, and uniform chest wall region. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10573). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2294519
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  - Shi, B., Hou, R., Mazurowski, M. A., Grimm, L. J., Ren, Y., Marks, J. R., … Lo, J. Y. (2018). Learning better deep features for the prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ through transfer learning. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10575). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293594
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  - Wei, Q., Ren, Y., Hou, R., Shi, B., Lo, J. Y., & Carin, L. (2018). Anomaly detection for medical images based on a one-class classification. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10575). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293408
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  - Chen, X., Gong, X., Graff, C. G., Santana, M., Sturgeon, G. M., Sauer, T. J., … Lo, J. Y. (2017). High-resolution, anthropomorphic, computational breast phantom: Fusion of rule-based structures with patient-based anatomy. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10132). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255913
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  - Ikejimba, L. C., Graff, C. G., Rosenthal, S., Badal, A., Ghammraoui, B., Lo, J. Y., & Glick, S. J. (2017). A physical breast phantom for 2D and 3D x-ray imaging made through inkjet printing. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10132). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255016
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  - Reinhold, J., Wen, G., Lo, J. Y., & Markey, M. K. (2017). Lesion detectability in stereoscopically viewed digital breast tomosynthesis projection images: A model observer study with anthropomorphic computational breast phantoms. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10136). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255909
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  - Sauer, T. J., Graff, C. G., Zeng, R., Santana, M., Sturgeon, G. M., Bosmans, H., … Lo, J. Y. (2017). Detectability of artificial lesions in anthropomorphic virtual breast phantoms of variable glandular fraction. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10132). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255896
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  - Shi, B., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., Maley, C. C., … Lo, J. Y. (2017). Prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ using computer-extracted mammographic features. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10134). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255731
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  - Shi, B., Grimm, L. J., Mazurowski, M. A., Marks, J. R., King, L. M., Maley, C. C., … Lo, J. Y. (2017). Can upstaging of ductal carcinoma in situ be predicted at biopsy by histologic and mammographic features? In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10134). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255847
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  - Zhao, A., Santana, M., Samei, E., & Lo, J. (2017). Comparison of effects of dose on image quality in digital breast tomosynthesis across multiple vendors. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10132). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255570
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  - Zhao, C., Solomon, J., Sturgeon, G. M., Gehm, M. E., Catenacci, M., Wiley, B. J., … Lo, J. Y. (2017). Third generation anthropomorphic physical phantom for mammography and DBT: Incorporating voxelized 3D printing and uniform chest wall QC region. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 10132). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2256091
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  - Ikejimba, L., Glick, S. J., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2016). Comparison of model and human observer performance in FFDM, DBT, and synthetic mammography. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9783). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216858
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  - Makeev, A., Ikejimba, L., Lo, J. Y., & Glick, S. J. (2016). Investigation of optimal parameters for penalized maximum-likelihood reconstruction applied to iodinated contrast-enhanced breast CT. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9783). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217438
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  - Sikaria, D., Musinsky, S., Sturgeon, G. M., Solomon, J., Diao, A., Gehm, M. E., … Lo, J. Y. (2016). Second generation anthropomorphic physical phantom for mammography and DBT: Incorporating voxelized 3D printing and inkjet printing of iodinated lesion inserts. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9783). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217667
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  - Solomon, J., Ba, A., Diao, A., Lo, J., Bier, E., Bochud, F., … Samei, E. (2016). Design, fabrication, and implementation of voxel-based 3D printed textured phantoms for task-based image quality assessment in CT. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9783). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217463
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  - Sturgeon, G. M., Tward, D. J., Ketcha, M., Ratnanather, J. T., Miller, M. I., Park, S., … Lo, J. Y. (2016). Eigenbreasts for statistical breast phantoms. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9783). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216398
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  - Wang, M., Zhang, J., Grimm, L. J., Ghate, S. V., Walsh, R., Johnson, K. S., … Mazurowski, M. A. (2016). Identification of error making patterns in lesion detection on digital breast tomosynthesis using computer-extracted image features. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9787). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2201061
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  - Grimm, L. J., Zhang, J., Johnson, K. S., Lo, J. Y., & Mazurowski, M. A. (2015). Incorporating breast tomosynthesis into radiology residency: Does trainee experience in breast imaging translate into improved performance with this new modality? In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9416). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082810
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  - Ikejimba, L., Chen, Y., Oberhofer, N., Kiarashi, N., Lo, J. Y., & Samei, E. (2015). A quantitative metrology for performance characterization of breast tomosynthesis systems based on an anthropomorphic phantom. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9412). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082594
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  - Kiarashi, N., Nolte, L. W., Lo, J. Y., Segars, W. P., Ghate, S. V., & Samei, E. (2015). The impact of breast structure on lesion detection in breast tomosynthesis. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9412). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082473
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  - Ikejimba, L. C., Kiarashi, N., Ghate, S. V., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2014). Task-based strategy for optimized contrast enhanced breast imaging: analysis of six imaging techniques for mammography and tomosynthesis. In Med Phys (Vol. 41, p. 061908). United States. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4873317
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  - Mahadevan, R., Ikejimba, L. C., Lin, Y., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2014). A task-based comparison of two reconstruction algorithms for digital breast tomosynthesis. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9033). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043829
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  - Mazurowski, M. A., Zhang, J., Lo, J. Y., Kuzmiak, C. M., Ghate, S. V., & Yoon, S. (2014). Modeling resident error-making patterns in detection of mammographic masses using computer-extracted image features: Preliminary experiments. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9037). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2044404
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  - Nolte, A., Kiarashi, N., Samei, E., Segars, W. P., & Lo, J. Y. (2014). A second generation of physical anthropomorphic 3D breast phantoms based on human subject data. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9033). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043703
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  - Segars, W. P., Veress, A. I., Wells, J. R., Sturgeon, G. M., Kiarashi, N., Lo, J. Y., … Dobbins, J. T. (2014). Population of 100 realistic, patient-based computerized breast phantoms for multi-modality imaging research. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 9033). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043868
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  - Kiarashi, N., Sturgeon, G. M., Nolte, L. W., Lo, J. Y., III, J. T. D., Segars, W. P., & Samei, E. (2013). Development of matched virtual and physical breast phantoms based on patient data. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 8668). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008406
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  - Chanyavanich, V., Lo, J., & Das, S. (2012). SU-E-T-572: A Plan Quality Metric for Evaluating Knowledge-Based Treatment Plans. In Med Phys (Vol. 39, p. 3837). United States. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735661
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  - Dick, D., Das, S., & Lo, J. (2012). WE-G-BRCD-06: Knowledge-Based Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Treatment Planning for Prostate Cancer. In Med Phys (Vol. 39, pp. 3965–3966). United States. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736183
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  - Kiarashi, N., Lin, Y., Segars, W. P., Ghate, S. V., Ikejimba, L., Chen, B., … Samei, E. (2012). Development of a dynamic 4D anthropomorphic breast phantom for contrast-based breast imaging. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 8313). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.913332
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  - Lin, Y., Ghate, S., Lo, J., & Samei, E. (2012). 3D biopsy for tomosynthesis: Simulation of prior information based reconstruction for dose and artifact reduction. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 8313). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912346
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  - Ikejimba, L., Kiarashi, N., Lin, Y., Chen, B., Ghate, S. V., Zerhouni, M., … Lo, J. Y. (2012). Task-based strategy for optimized contrast enhanced breast imaging: analysis of six imaging techniques for mammography and tomosynthesis. In Medical Imaging 2012: Physics of Medical Imaging. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.913377
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  - Shafer, C. M., Seewaldt, V. L., & Lo, J. Y. (2011). Segmentation of adipose and glandular tissue for breast tomosynthesis imaging using a 3D hidden-Markov model trained on breast MRIs. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 7961). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.878137
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  - Chanyavanich, V., Das, S., & lo, J. (2011). SU‐E‐T‐851: An Inter‐Institutional Comparison of Knowledge‐Based IMRT Treatment Planning for Prostate Cancer. In Medical Physics (Vol. 38, p. 3687). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3612815
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  - Mazurowski, M. A., Lo, J. Y., & Tourassi, G. D. (2010). User modeling for improved computer-aided training in radiology: Initial experience. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 7627). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.843863
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  - Chanyavanich, V., Freeman, M., Das, S., & lo, J. (2010). SU‐GG‐T‐134: Knowledge‐Based IMRT Treatment Planning for Prostate Cancer. In Medical Physics (Vol. 37, p. 3215). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468524
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  - Freeman, M. S., Chanyavanich, V., Das, S. K., & lo, J. Y. (2010). SU‐GG‐T‐131: A Linear Metric of Knowledge‐Based IMRT Treatment Plan Quality for the Prostate. In Medical Physics (Vol. 37, p. 3214). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468521
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  - Mehtaji, D., Shafer, C., Chen, B., & lo, J. (2010). SU‐GG‐I‐154: Evaluation of Quantitative Potential of Breast Tomosynthesis Using a Voxelized Anthropomorphic Breast Phantom. In Medical Physics (Vol. 37, p. 3137). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468190
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  - lo, J. Y., Baydush, A. H., Karim, E., & Mendonca, S. J. (2010). WE‐A‐201B‐04: Reducing Dose in Breast Tomosynthesis Using Bayesian Image Estimation. In Medical Physics (Vol. 37, p. 3413). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469336
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  - Chawla, A. S., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2009). Optimized lesion detection in breast tomosynthesis. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 7258). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.813964
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  - Li, C. M., Segars, W. P., Lo, J. Y., Veress, A. I., Boone, J. M., & Dobbins, J. T. (2009). Computerized 3D breast phantom with enhanced High-Resolution detail. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 7258). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.813529
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  - Shafer, C., lo, J., & Samei, E. (2009). MO‐FF‐A4‐01: Evaluation of Background Trend Correction Technique in Breast Tomosynthesis Quantitation. In Medical Physics (Vol. 36, p. 2713). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3182295
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  - Xia, J. Q., & Lo, J. Y. (2008). Mass detectability in dedicated breast CT: A simulation study with the application of volume noise removal. In 8th Ieee International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, Bibe 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBE.2008.4696788
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  - Chawla, A. S., Samei, E., Lo, J. Y., & Mertelmeier, T. (2008). Multi-projection correlation imaging as a new diagnostic tool for improved breast cancer detection. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 5116 LNCS, pp. 635–642). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70538-3_88
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  - Shafer, C. M., Samei, E., Mertelmeier, T., Saunders, R. S., Zerhouni, M., & Lo, J. Y. (2008). Assessment of low energies and slice depth in the quantification of breast tomosynthesis. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 5116 LNCS, pp. 530–536). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70538-3_74
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  - Singh, S., Tourassi, G. D., & Lo, J. Y. (2008). Effect of similarity metrics and ROI sizes in featureless computer aided detection of breast masses in tomosynthesis. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 5116 LNCS, pp. 286–291). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70538-3_40
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  - Tourassi, G. D., Sharma, A. C., Singh, S., Saunders, R. S., Lo, J. Y., Samei, E., & Harrawood, B. P. (2008). Knowledge transfer across breast cancer screening modalities: A pilot study using an information-theoretic CADe system for mass detection. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 5116 LNCS, pp. 292–298). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70538-3_41
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  - Chawla, A. S., Samei, E., Saunders, R. S., Lo, J. Y., & Singh, S. (2008). Optimized acquisition scheme for multi-projection correlation imaging of breast cancer. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6915). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.773174
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  - Singh, S., Tourassi, G. D., Chawla, A. S., Saunders, R. S., Samei, E., & Lo, J. Y. (2008). Computer aided detection of breast masses in tomosynthesis reconstructed volumes using information-theoretic similarity measures. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6915). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.772978
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  - Li, C. M., Segars, W. P., Lo, J. Y., Veress, A. I., Boone, J. M., & Dobbins, J. T. (2008). Three-dimensional computer generated breast phantom based on empirical data. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6913). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.772185
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  - Shafer, C. M., Samei, E., Saunders, R. S., Zerhouni, M., & Lo, J. Y. (2008). Toward quantification of breast tomosynthesis imaging. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6913). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.772753
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  - Robinson, M. D., Farsiu, S., Lo, J. Y., & Toth, C. A. (2008). Efficient Restoration and Enhancement of Super-resolved X-ray Images. In 2008 Ieee International Conference on Image Processing, Proceedings (pp. 633-+). San Diego, CA: IEEE.
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  - lo, J. Y. (2008). TU‐D‐342‐02: What Every Medical Physicist Should Know About Breast Tomosynthesis. In Medical Physics (Vol. 35, p. 2908). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2962602
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  - Jerebko, A., Quan, Y., Merlet, N., Ratner, E., Singh, S., Lo, J. Y., & Krishnan, A. (2007). Feasibility study of breast tomosynthesis CAD system. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6514). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.712729
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  - Saunders, R. S., Samei, E., Majdi-Nasab, N., & Lo, J. Y. (2007). Initial human subject results for breast Bi-plane correlation imaging technique. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6514). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713722
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J. Y., Ranger, N. T., Samei, E., & Dobbins, J. T. (2007). Methodology of NEQ (f) analysis for optimization and comparison of digital breast tomosynthesis acquisition techniques and reconstruction algorithms. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6510). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.713737
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  - Johnson, J. P., Lo, J., Mertelmeier, T., Nafziger, J. S., Timberg, P., & Samei, E. (2007). Visual image quality metrics for optimization of breast tomosynthesis acquisition technique. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6515). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.712343
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  - Xia, J. Q., Tourassi, G. D., Lo, J. Y., & Floyd, C. E. (2007). On the development of a Gaussian noise model for scatter compensation. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie (Vol. 6510). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.712515
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  - Williams, M., Raghunathan, P., Seibert, J. A., Kwan, A., lo, J., Samei, E., … Mawdsley, G. (2007). TU‐B‐M100J‐01: Optimizing Mammography Image Quality and Dose: X‐Ray Spectrum and Exposure Parameter Selection. In Medical Physics (Vol. 34, pp. 2540–2541). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2761315
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  - lo, J. Y., Singh, S., Dobbins, J. T., & Samei, E. (2007). MO‐D‐L100F‐03: New Developments in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis. In Medical Physics (Vol. 34, p. 2518). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2761222
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  - Chen, Y., Lo, J., Baker, J., & Dobbins, J. (2006). SU‐FF‐I‐21: Two‐Dimensional Shift‐And‐Add (SAA) Algorithm for Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Reconstruction. In Medical Physics (Vol. 33, p. 2001). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2240260
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  - Hong, A. S., Baker, J. A., Lo, J. Y., Nicholas, J. L., & Soo, M. S. (2004). Computer-aided classification of breast masses using mammogram, ultrasound, and clinical inputs. In American Journal of Roentgenology (Vol. 182, pp. 33–33). Miami Beach, FL: AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC.
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  - Baydush, A. H., Catarious, D. M., Lo, J. Y., Abbey, C. K., & Floyd, C. E. (2001). Computer-aided detection of lung nodules in chest radiographs using sub-region Hotelling observers. In Radiology (Vol. 221, pp. 548–548).
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  - Land, W. H., Masters, T., Lo, J. Y., McKee, D. W., & Anderson, F. R. (2001). New results in breast cancer classification obtained from an evolutionary computation/adaptive boosting hybrid using mammogram and history data. In Smcia 2001 Proceedings of the 2001 Ieee Mountain Workshop on Soft Computing in Industrial Applications (pp. 47–52). https://doi.org/10.1109/SMCIA.2001.936727
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  - LO, J. Y., BAYDUSH, A. H., BAKER, J. A., KORNGUTH, P. J., & FLOYD, C. E. (1995). COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST MASS MALIGNANCY WITH AUTOMATED FEATURE-EXTRACTION AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. In Radiology (Vol. 197, pp. 425–425).
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  - FLOYD, C. E., YUN, A. J., LO, J. Y., TOURASSI, G., SULLIVAN, D. C., & KORNGUTH, P. J. (1994). PREDICTION OF BREAST-CANCER MALIGNANCY FOR DIFFICULT CASES USING AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK. In World Congress on Neural Networks San Diego 1994 International Neural Network Society Annual Meeting, Vol 1 (pp. A127–A132). SAN DIEGO, CA: LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL.
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  - Floyd, C. E., Bowsher, J. E., Munley, M. T., Tourassi, G. D., Garg, S., Baydush, A. H., … Coleman, R. E. (n.d.). Artificial neural networks for SPECT image reconstruction with optimized weighted backprojection. In Conference Record of the 1991 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1991.259306
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- I have had the pleasure of serving as research advisor to over 50 students, including undergraduates, MS, PhD, MD students, residents, and postdocs.

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