Kate Hoffman | Scholars@Duke

Kate Hoffman
Assistant Research Professor in Environmental Sciences and Policy

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Assistant Research Professor in Environmental Sciences and Policy, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2017
Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 2023

Contact Information

LSRC A150a, Durham, NC 27708
kate.hoffman@duke.edu (919) 684-6952

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Boston University 2010
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Assistant Professor in Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Children's Health Discovery Institute, Pediatrics 2019 - 2021
- Visiting Assistant Professor in Environmental Sciences and Policy, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2015 - 2017
Recognition
In the News
- AUG 4, 2022 Nicholas School of the Environment
  
  EPA Grant Will Support New Study of PFAS in Homes
- MAY 11, 2022 Nicholas School of the Environment
  
  $3.4M Grant Will Fund Study of How Early-Life Exposure to SVOCs Affects Immune Function
- NOV 19, 2021 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  Identifying Exposure Risks from Common Household Chemicals in Durham Homes
Research
Selected Grants
- Impact of Early-life Exposure to Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) on Neonatal and Early Childhood Immune Function awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2027
- Multimedia Measurement of PFAS in the Residential Environment: Evaluating Human Exposure Pathways awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 2022 - 2025
- Flame retardant effects on thyroid hormone regulation at the fetal-maternal interface of the placenta awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2025
- Customized Approaches for Evaluating and Reducing Chemical Exposures from Home Building Materials awarded by Department of Housing and Urban Development 2022 - 2024
- HOPE 1000 Sub-study awarded by Social & Scientific Systems, Inc. 2022 - 2023
- Children Exposure to SVOC Mixtures Indoors and Associations with Obesity awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2020
- Immune function in children exposed to organophosphate flame retardants awarded by Gerber Foundation 2016 - 2019
- Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphates and Associations with Child Growth awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2014 - 2017
External Relationships
- Eurofins
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Shila Nordone, Sharon Zhang, Amelia M. Lorenzo, Brian Eichner, M Anthony Moody, Lynn Harrington, et al. “Infants' diminished response to DTaP vaccine is associated with exposure to organophosphate esters.” Sci Total Environ 837 (September 1, 2022): 155782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155782.
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  - Levasseur, Jessica L., Kate Hoffman, Nicholas J. Herkert, Ellen Cooper, Duncan Hay, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Characterizing firefighter's exposure to over 130 SVOCs using silicone wristbands: A pilot study comparing on-duty and off-duty exposures.” The Science of the Total Environment 834 (August 2022): 155237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155237.
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  - Filer, Dayne L., Kate Hoffman, Robert M. Sargis, Leonardo Trasande, and Christopher D. Kassotis. “On the Utility of ToxCast-Based Predictive Models to Evaluate Potential Metabolic Disruption by Environmental Chemicals.” Environmental Health Perspectives 130, no. 5 (May 2022): 57005. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp6779.
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  - Hall, Samantha M., Sharon Zhang, Kate Hoffman, Marie Lynn Miranda, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human placental tissues and associations with birth outcomes.” Chemosphere 295 (May 2022): 133873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133873.
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  - Joglekar, Rashmi, Carole Grenier, Cathrine Hoyo, Kate Hoffman, and Susan K. Murphy. “Maternal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased DNA methylation at human metastable epialleles in infant cord blood.” Environ Epigenet 8, no. 1 (2022): dvac005. https://doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvac005.
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  - Nance, D., K. M. Rappazzo, E. T. Jensen, K. Hoffman, C. C. Cotton, A. K. Krajewski, K. O. Turner, R. M. Genta, D. T. Lobdell, and E. S. Dellon. “Increased risk of eosinophilic esophagitis with poor environmental quality as measured by the Environmental Quality Index.” Diseases of the Esophagus : Official Journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus 34, no. 12 (December 2021): doab041. https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doab041.
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  - Choi, Giehae, Alexander P. Keil, David B. Richardson, Julie L. Daniels, Kate Hoffman, Gro D. Villanger, Amrit K. Sakhi, et al. “Pregnancy exposure to organophosphate esters and the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study.” Environment International 154 (September 2021): 106549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106549.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Jessica L. Levasseur, Sharon Zhang, Duncan Hay, Nicholas J. Herkert, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Monitoring Human Exposure to Organophosphate Esters: Comparing Silicone Wristbands with Spot Urine Samples as Predictors of Internal Dose.” Environmental Science & Technology Letters 8, no. 9 (September 2021): 805–10. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00629.
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  - Kassotis, Christopher D., Kate Hoffman, Johannes Völker, Yong Pu, Almudena Veiga-Lopez, Stephanie M. Kim, Jennifer J. Schlezinger, et al. “Reproducibility of adipogenic responses to metabolism disrupting chemicals in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model system: An interlaboratory study.” Toxicology 461 (September 2021): 152900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2021.152900.
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  - Choi, Giehae, Alexander P. Keil, Gro D. Villanger, David B. Richardson, Julie L. Daniels, Kate Hoffman, Amrit K. Sakhi, et al. “Pregnancy exposure to common-detect organophosphate esters and phthalates and maternal thyroid function.” The Science of the Total Environment 782 (August 2021): 146709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146709.
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  - Kassotis, Christopher D., Kate Hoffman, Allison L. Phillips, Sharon Zhang, Ellen M. Cooper, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Characterization of adipogenic, PPARγ, and TRβ activities in house dust extracts and their associations with organic contaminants.” The Science of the Total Environment 758 (March 2021): 143707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143707.
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  - Levasseur, Jessica L., Stephanie C. Hammel, Kate Hoffman, Allison L. Phillips, Sharon Zhang, Xiaoyun Ye, Antonia M. Calafat, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Young children's exposure to phenols in the home: Associations between house dust, hand wipes, silicone wristbands, and urinary biomarkers.” Environment International 147 (February 2021): 106317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106317.
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  - Gardner, C. M., K. Hoffman, H. M. Stapleton, and C. K. Gunsch. “Exposures to Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments and Associations with the Gut Microbiomes of Children.” Environmental Science and Technology Letters 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00776.
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  - Hammel, S. C., H. M. Stapleton, B. Eichner, and K. Hoffman. “Reconsidering an Appropriate Urinary Biomarker for Flame Retardant Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) Phosphate (TCIPP) Exposure in Children.” Environmental Science and Technology Letters 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00794.
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  - Kassotis, Christopher D., Nicholas J. Herkert, Stephanie C. Hammel, Kate Hoffman, Qianyi Xia, Seth W. Kullman, Julie Ann Sosa, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Thyroid Receptor Antagonism of Chemicals Extracted from Personal Silicone Wristbands within a Papillary Thyroid Cancer Pilot Study.” Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 23 (December 2020): 15296–312. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05972.
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  - Kassotis, Christopher D., Jennifer S. Harkness, Phuc H. Vo, Danh C. Vu, Kate Hoffman, Katelyn M. Cinnamon, Jennifer N. Cornelius-Green, et al. “Endocrine disrupting activities and geochemistry of water resources associated with unconventional oil and gas activity.” The Science of the Total Environment 748 (December 2020): 142236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142236.
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  - Hall, Samantha M., Sharyle Patton, Myrto Petreas, Sharon Zhang, Allison L. Phillips, Kate Hoffman, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Dust Collected from Residential Homes and Fire Stations in North America.” Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 22 (November 2020): 14558–67. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04869.
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  - Gearhart-Serna, Larisa M., Kate Hoffman, and Gayathri R. Devi. “Environmental Quality and Invasive Breast Cancer.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 29, no. 10 (October 2020): 1920–28. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1497.
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  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Sharon Zhang, Amelia M. Lorenzo, Brian Eichner, Heather M. Stapleton, and Kate Hoffman. “Young infants' exposure to organophosphate esters: Breast milk as a potential source of exposure.” Environ Int 143 (October 2020): 106009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106009.
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  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Kate Hoffman, Allison L. Phillips, Jessica L. Levasseur, Amelia M. Lorenzo, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Comparing the Use of Silicone Wristbands, Hand Wipes, And Dust to Evaluate Children's Exposure to Flame Retardants and Plasticizers.” Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 7 (April 2020): 4484–94. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07909.
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  - Herkert, N. J., J. Merrill, C. Peters, D. Bollinger, S. Zhang, K. Hoffman, P. L. Ferguson, D. R. U. Knappe, and H. M. Stapleton. “Assessing the effectiveness of point-of-use residential drinking water filters for perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass).” Environmental Science and Technology Letters 7, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00004.
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  - Cooper, Ellen M., Rosie Rushing, Kate Hoffman, Allison L. Phillips, Stephanie C. Hammel, Mark J. Zylka, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Strobilurin fungicides in house dust: is wallboard a source?” Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 30, no. 2 (March 2020): 247–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-019-0180-z.
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  - McGuinn, Laura A., Gayle C. Windham, Amy E. Kalkbrenner, Chyrise Bradley, Qian Di, Lisa A. Croen, M Daniele Fallin, et al. “Early Life Exposure to Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from a Multisite Case-Control Study.” Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 31, no. 1 (January 2020): 103–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001109.
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  - Doherty, Brett T., Stephanie C. Hammel, Julie L. Daniels, Heather M. Stapleton, and Kate Hoffman. “Organophosphate Esters: Are These Flame Retardants and Plasticizers Affecting Children's Health?” Current Environmental Health Reports 6, no. 4 (December 2019): 201–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-019-00258-0.
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  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Jessica L. Levasseur, Kate Hoffman, Allison L. Phillips, Amelia M. Lorenzo, Antonia M. Calafat, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Children's exposure to phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in the home: The TESIE study.” Environment International 132 (November 2019): 105061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105061.
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  - Doherty, Brett T., Kate Hoffman, Alexander P. Keil, Stephanie M. Engel, Heather M. Stapleton, Barbara D. Goldman, Andrew F. Olshan, and Julie L. Daniels. “Prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters and behavioral development in young children in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study.” Neurotoxicology 73 (July 2019): 150–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2019.03.007.
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  - Kassotis, Christopher D., Erin M. Kollitz, Kate Hoffman, Julie Ann Sosa, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Thyroid receptor antagonism as a contributory mechanism for adipogenesis induced by environmental mixtures in 3T3-L1 cells.” The Science of the Total Environment 666 (May 2019): 431–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.273.
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  - Doherty, Brett T., Kate Hoffman, Alexander P. Keil, Stephanie M. Engel, Heather M. Stapleton, Barbara D. Goldman, Andrew F. Olshan, and Julie L. Daniels. “Prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters and cognitive development in young children in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study.” Environmental Research 169 (February 2019): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.033.
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  - Lantos, Paul M., Gabriela Maradiaga-Panayotti, Xavier Barber, Eileen Raynor, Debara Tucci, Kate Hoffman, Sallie R. Permar, et al. “Geographic and Racial Disparities in Infant Hearing Loss.” Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 159, no. 6 (December 2018): 1051–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599818803305.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Stephanie C. Hammel, Allison L. Phillips, Amelia M. Lorenzo, Albert Chen, Antonia M. Calafat, Xiaoyun Ye, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Biomarkers of exposure to SVOCs in children and their demographic associations: The TESIE Study.” Environment International 119 (October 2018): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.007.
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  - Kollitz, Erin M., Christopher D. Kassotis, Kate Hoffman, P Lee Ferguson, Julie Ann Sosa, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Chemical Mixtures Isolated from House Dust Disrupt Thyroid Receptor β Signaling.” Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 20 (October 2018): 11857–64. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03283.
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  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Allison L. Phillips, Kate Hoffman, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Evaluating the Use of Silicone Wristbands To Measure Personal Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants.” Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 20 (October 2018): 11875–85. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03755.
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  - Lantos, Paul M., Kate Hoffman, Sallie R. Permar, Pearce Jackson, Brenna L. Hughes, Amy Kind, and Geeta Swamy. “Neighborhood Disadvantage is Associated with High Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence in Pregnancy.” J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 5, no. 4 (August 2018): 782–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0423-4.
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  - Phillips, Allison L., Stephanie C. Hammel, Kate Hoffman, Amelia M. Lorenzo, Albert Chen, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Children's residential exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers: Investigating exposure pathways in the TESIE study.” Environment International 116 (July 2018): 176–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.013.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Heather M. Stapleton, Amelia Lorenzo, Craig M. Butt, Linda Adair, Amy H. Herring, and Julie L. Daniels. “Prenatal exposure to organophosphates and associations with birthweight and gestational length.” Environment International 116 (July 2018): 248–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.016.
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  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Kate Hoffman, Amelia M. Lorenzo, Albert Chen, Allison L. Phillips, Craig M. Butt, Julie Ann Sosa, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Associations between flame retardant applications in furniture foam, house dust levels, and residents' serum levels.” Environment International 107 (October 2017): 181–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.015.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Marc G. Weisskopf, Andrea L. Roberts, Raanan Raz, Jaime E. Hart, Kristen Lyall, Elin M. Hoffman, Francine Laden, and Verónica M. Vieira. “Geographic Patterns of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children of Participants in Nurses' Health Study II.” American Journal of Epidemiology 186, no. 7 (October 2017): 834–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx158.
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  - Siebenaler, Rebecca, Rochelle Cameron, Craig M. Butt, Kate Hoffman, Christopher P. Higgins, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Serum perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and associations with behavioral attributes.” Chemosphere 184 (October 2017): 687–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.023.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Amelia Lorenzo, Craig M. Butt, Stephanie C. Hammel, Brittany Bohinc Henderson, Sanziana A. Roman, Randall P. Scheri, Heather M. Stapleton, and Julie Ann Sosa. “Exposure to flame retardant chemicals and occurrence and severity of papillary thyroid cancer: A case-control study.” Environment International 107 (October 2017): 235–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.06.021.
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  - Lantos, Paul M., Kate Hoffman, Sallie R. Permar, Pearce Jackson, Brenna L. Hughes, and Geeta K. Swamy. “Geographic Disparities in Cytomegalovirus Infection During Pregnancy.” J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): e55–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piw088.
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  - Kassotis, Christopher D., Kate Hoffman, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Characterization of Adipogenic Activity of House Dust Extracts and Semi-Volatile Indoor Contaminants in 3T3-L1 Cells.” Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 15 (August 2017): 8735–45. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01788.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Larisa Gearhart-Serna, Matthew Lorber, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Estimated tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate exposure levels for US infants suggest potential health risks.” Environmental Science & Technology Letters 4, no. 8 (August 2017): 334–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00196.
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  - Jensen, Elizabeth T., Kate Hoffman, Cary C. Cotton, Daniel J. Green, Amanda Tapia, Kevin Turner, Robert M. Genta, and Evan S. Dellon. “Assessment of Proximity to Swine Farming Operations as a Risk Factor for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.” Gastroenterology 152, no. 5 (April 2017): S861–S861. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(17)32961-x.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Craig M. Butt, Thomas F. Webster, Emma V. Preston, Stephanie C. Hammel, Colleen Makey, Amelia M. Lorenzo, et al. “Temporal Trends in Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the United States.” Environ Sci Technol Lett 4, no. 3 (March 14, 2017): 112–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00475.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Thomas F. Webster, Andreas Sjödin, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Toddler's behavior and its impacts on exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers.” Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 27, no. 2 (March 2017): 193–97. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2016.11.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Amelia Lorenzo, Craig M. Butt, Linda Adair, Amy H. Herring, Heather M. Stapleton, and Julie L. Daniels. “Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women.” Environment International 98 (January 2017): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.007.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Julie A. Sosa, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Do flame retardant chemicals increase the risk for thyroid dysregulation and cancer?” Current Opinion in Oncology 29, no. 1 (January 2017): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1097/cco.0000000000000335.
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  - Lantos, Paul M., Kate Hoffman, Michael Höhle, Benjamin Anderson, and Gregory C. Gray. “Are People Living Near Modern Swine Production Facilities at Increased Risk of Influenza Virus Infection?” Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 63, no. 12 (December 2016): 1558–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw646.
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  - Leonetti, Christopher, Craig M. Butt, Kate Hoffman, Stephanie C. Hammel, Marie Lynn Miranda, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Brominated flame retardants in placental tissues: associations with infant sex and thyroid hormone endpoints.” Environmental Health : A Global Access Science Source 15, no. 1 (November 2016): 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0199-8.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Michelle Mendez, Anna Maria Siega-Riz, Amy H. Herring, Andreas Sjödin, and Julie L. Daniels. “Lactational Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Its Relation to Early Childhood Anthropometric Measurements.” Environmental Health Perspectives 124, no. 10 (October 2016): 1656–61. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp201.
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  - Butt, Craig M., Kate Hoffman, Albert Chen, Amelia Lorenzo, Johanna Congleton, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Regional comparison of organophosphate flame retardant (PFR) urinary metabolites and tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) in mother-toddler pairs from California and New Jersey.” Environment International 94 (September 2016): 627–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.029.
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  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Kate Hoffman, Thomas F. Webster, Kim A. Anderson, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Correction to Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.” Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 18 (September 2016): 10291. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04169.
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  - Gomes, Genna, Peyton Ward, Amelia Lorenzo, Kate Hoffman, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Characterizing Flame Retardant Applications and Potential Human Exposure in Backpacking Tents.” Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 10 (May 2016): 5338–45. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00923.
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  - Hammel, Stephanie C., Kate Hoffman, Thomas F. Webster, Kim A. Anderson, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.” Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 8 (April 2016): 4483–91. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00030.
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  - Leonetti, Christopher, Craig M. Butt, Kate Hoffman, Marie Lynn Miranda, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol in human placental tissues.” Environment International 88 (March 2016): 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.002.
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  - Mendelsohn, Emma, Audrey Hagopian, Kate Hoffman, Craig M. Butt, Amelia Lorenzo, Johanna Congleton, Thomas F. Webster, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Nail polish as a source of exposure to triphenyl phosphate.” Environment International 86 (January 2016): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.005.
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  - Johnston, Jill E., Kate Hoffman, Steve Wing, and Amy Lowman. “Fish Consumption Patterns and Mercury Advisory Knowledge Among Fishers in the Haw River Basin.” North Carolina Medical Journal 77, no. 1 (January 2016): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.77.1.9.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Craig M. Butt, Albert Chen, Alexander T. Limkakeng, and Heather M. Stapleton. “High Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Infants: Associations with Baby Products.” Environ Sci Technol 49, no. 24 (December 15, 2015): 14554–59. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03577.
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  - Lantos, Paul M., Sallie R. Permar, Kate Hoffman, and Geeta K. Swamy. “The Excess Burden of Cytomegalovirus in African American Communities: A Geospatial Analysis.” Open Forum Infect Dis 2, no. 4 (December 2015): ofv180. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofv180.
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  - Jensen, E. T., N. D. Shah, K. Hoffman, A. Sonnenberg, R. M. Genta, and E. S. Dellon. “Seasonal variation in detection of oesophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic oesophagitis.” Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 42, no. 4 (August 2015): 461–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13273.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Ann Aschengrau, Thomas F. Webster, Scott M. Bartell, and Verónica M. Vieira. “Associations between residence at birth and mental health disorders: a spatial analysis of retrospective cohort data.” Bmc Public Health 15 (July 2015): 688. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2011-z.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Stavros Garantziotis, Linda S. Birnbaum, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Monitoring indoor exposure to organophosphate flame retardants: hand wipes and house dust.” Environmental Health Perspectives 123, no. 2 (February 2015): 160–65. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408669.
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  - Kalkbrenner, Amy E., Gayle C. Windham, Marc L. Serre, Yasuyuki Akita, Xuexia Wang, Kate Hoffman, Brian P. Thayer, and Julie L. Daniels. “Particulate matter exposure, prenatal and postnatal windows of susceptibility, and autism spectrum disorders.” Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 26, no. 1 (January 2015): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000173.
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  - Stapleton, Heather M., John Misenheimer, Kate Hoffman, and Thomas F. Webster. “Flame retardant associations between children's handwipes and house dust.” Chemosphere 116 (December 2014): 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.100.
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  - Butt, Craig M., Johanna Congleton, Kate Hoffman, Mingliang Fang, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants and 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromobenzoate in urine from paired mothers and toddlers.” Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 17 (September 2014): 10432–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5025299.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Mingliang Fang, Brian Horman, Heather B. Patisaul, Stavros Garantziotis, Linda S. Birnbaum, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Urinary tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) as a biomarker of exposure to the flame retardant mixture Firemaster® 550.” Environmental Health Perspectives 122, no. 9 (September 2014): 963–69. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1308028.
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  - Jensen, Elizabeth T., Kate Hoffman, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Robert M. Genta, and Evan S. Dellon. “Esophageal eosinophilia is increased in rural areas with low population density: results from a national pathology database.” The American Journal of Gastroenterology 109, no. 5 (May 2014): 668–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2014.47.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Veronica M. Vieira, and Julie L. Daniels. “Brief report: diminishing geographic variability in autism spectrum disorders over time?” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44, no. 3 (March 2014): 712–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1907-7.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Julie L. Daniels, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants and their variability in pregnant women.” Environment International 63 (February 2014): 169–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.013.
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  - Taylor, Kyla W., Kate Hoffman, Kristina A. Thayer, and Julie L. Daniels. “Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and menopause among women 20-65 years of age (NHANES).” Environmental Health Perspectives 122, no. 2 (February 2014): 145–50. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306707.
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  - Adgent, Margaret A., Kate Hoffman, Barbara Davis Goldman, Andreas Sjödin, and Julie L. Daniels. “Brominated flame retardants in breast milk and behavioural and cognitive development at 36 months.” Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 28, no. 1 (January 2014): 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12078.
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  - Vieira, Verónica M., Kate Hoffman, Hyeong-Moo Shin, Janice M. Weinberg, Thomas F. Webster, and Tony Fletcher. “Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and cancer outcomes in a contaminated community: a geographic analysis.” Environmental Health Perspectives 121, no. 3 (March 2013): 318–23. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205829.
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  - Balbus, John M., Robert Barouki, Linda S. Birnbaum, Ruth A. Etzel, Peter D. Gluckman, Philippe Grandjean, Christine Hancock, et al. “Early-life prevention of non-communicable diseases.” Lancet (London, England) 381, no. 9860 (January 2013): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61609-2.
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  - Vieira, Verónica, Kate Hoffman, and Tony Fletcher. “Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure via Public Drinking Water Pipes Using Geographic Information Systems.” Environmental Health and Toxicology 28 (January 2013): e2013009. https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.2013.28.e2013009.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Margaret Adgent, Barbara Davis Goldman, Andreas Sjödin, and Julie L. Daniels. “Lactational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its relation to social and emotional development among toddlers.” Environmental Health Perspectives 120, no. 10 (October 2012): 1438–42. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205100.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Amy E. Kalkbrenner, Veronica M. Vieira, and Julie L. Daniels. “The spatial distribution of known predictors of autism spectrum disorders impacts geographic variability in prevalence in central North Carolina.” Environmental Health : A Global Access Science Source 11 (October 2012): 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-11-80.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Thomas F. Webster, Scott M. Bartell, Marc G. Weisskopf, Tony Fletcher, and Verónica M. Vieira. “Private drinking water wells as a source of exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in communities surrounding a fluoropolymer production facility.” Environmental Health Perspectives 119, no. 1 (January 2011): 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002503.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Thomas Webster, Scott Bartell, Marc Weisskopf, Tony Fletcher, and Verónica Vieira. “Private Drinking Water Wells as a Source of Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Communities Surrounding a Washington, West Virginia Fluoropolymer Production Facility.” Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S85–86. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000391926.69693.ca.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Thomas F. Webster, Marc G. Weisskopf, Janice Weinberg, and Verónica M. Vieira. “Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children 12-15 years of age.” Environmental Health Perspectives 118, no. 12 (December 2010): 1762–67. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1001898.
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  - Hoffman, Kate, Thomas F. Webster, Janice M. Weinberg, Ann Aschengrau, Patricia A. Janulewicz, Roberta F. White, and Verónica M. Vieira. “Spatial analysis of learning and developmental disorders in upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts using generalized additive models.” International Journal of Health Geographics 9 (February 2010): 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-9-7.
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  - Webster, Thomas F., Kate Hoffman, Janice Weinberg, Verónica Vieira, and Ann Aschengrau. “Community- and individual-level socioeconomic status and breast cancer risk: multilevel modeling on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.” Environmental Health Perspectives 116, no. 8 (August 2008): 1125–29. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10818.
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  - Clapp, Richard W., and Kate Hoffman. “Cancer mortality in IBM Endicott plant workers, 1969-2001: an update on a NY production plant.” Environmental Health : A Global Access Science Source 7 (April 2008): 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-7-13.
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