Randall Kramer | Scholars@Duke

Randall Kramer
Professor Emeritus of Environmental Economics

Before coming to Duke in 1988, he was on the faculty at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He has held visiting positions at IUCN--The World Conservation Union, the Economic Growth Center at Yale University, and the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry. He has served as a consultant to the World Bank, World Health Organization and other international organizations. He was named Duke University's Scholar Teacher of the Year in 2004.

Kramer's research is focused on the economics of ecosystem services and on global environmental health. He is currently conducting a study on the effects of human land use decisions on biodiversity, infectious disease transmission and human health in rural Madagascar. Recent research projects have used decision analysis and implementation science to evaluate the health, social and environmental impacts of alternative malaria control strategies in East Africa. He has also conducted research on health systems strengthening, economic valuation of lives saved from air pollution reduction. and the role of ecosystems services in protecting human health.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor Emeritus of Environmental Economics, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2021
Professor of Economics, Economics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1996
Research Professor of Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2011
Faculty Network Member of The Energy Initiative, Nicholas Institute-Energy Initiative, Initiatives 2012
Affiliate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, Duke Science & Society, Initiatives 2014

Contact Information

9 Circuit Drive, 4115 Environment Hall, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708-0328
kramer@duke.edu (919) 613-8072
Randy Kramer Research Group

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of California - Davis 1980
- M.E., North Carolina State University 1976
- A.B., University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 1975
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Professor of Resource and Environmental Economics, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 1997 - 2021
- Juli Plant Grainger Professor of Global Environmental Health, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2017 - 2021
- Deputy Director, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2011 - 2018
- Interim Director, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2017
- Associate Director of Strategy, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2010 - 2011
- Professor in the Division of Coastal Systems Science and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University 2001 - 2004
- Associate Professor with Tenure, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University 1988 - 1997
- Associate Professor, Economics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1993 - 1996
Recognition
In the News
- JUN 6, 2017
  
  Randall Kramer Named Interim Director for Global Health Institute
- JAN 5, 2016 Duke Research Blog
  
  Fighting Malaria with Economics, Coordination
- FEB 5, 2015
  
  Bullock to Retire from Duke Kunshan University
- DEC 9, 2014
  
  DGHI Malaria Research Dissemination Workshop Held in Tanzania
- JUN 18, 2014
  
  DGHI Signs Agreement to Start Research Partnership with China’s National Institute of Parasitic Diseases
- SEP 30, 2013 Durham Herald-Sun
  
  Duke faculty prepare for Chinese campus courses
Expertise
Subject Headings
- Muser Mentor
Global Scholarship
- Expertise
- Research
  - United Republic of Tanzania (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke University Program in Environmental Health awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2024
- The Impact of Land Use Change on Transmission Potential Networks and Disease Spread in Rural Madagascar awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- One Health Innovation Fellowships for Zoonotic Disease Research in Mongolia awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2019
- Duke University Program in Environmental Health awarded by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2013 - 2019
- Application of Integrated Strategy with Community-based Approaches and Strengthening Health System to Control Malaria Effectively in the Southern Tanzania awarded by National Institute of Parasitic Diseases 2015 - 2017
- Implementation Science to Optimize Malaria Vector Control and Disease Management awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2015
- COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Reconciling human and natural systems for the equitable provision of ecosystem services in the Triangle of North Carolina awarded by National Science Foundation 2009 - 2013
- Developing an Interdisciplinary Graduate Curriculum in Global Health at Duke University awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2012
- Eisenhower Graduate Fellowship - Career in Transportation awarded by Department of Transportation 2009 - 2010
- Doctoral Dissertation Research:"Estimating the Costs of an Epidemiological Externality: Malaria Control in Uganda" awarded by National Science Foundation 2009 - 2010
- Biodiversity Conservation, Food Production and Poverty Alleviation in Post-Conflict Uganda: Developing a Policy Relevant Research Agenda awarded by Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation 2009 - 2010
- 2007 Ecosystem Services Valuation Workshop for Senior State Leaders, Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions. awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 2007 - 2008
- Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: Risk, Health, and Economic Development: Examining Households' Malaria Control Decisions in Tanzania awarded by National Science Foundation 2007 - 2008
- US Forest Service Ecosystem Services awarded by Forest Service 2006 - 2008
- Toward an Improved Understanding of Wetland Restoration Choice Behavior of Landowners awarded by Department of Agriculture 2003 - 2005
- Economic Evaluation of Watershed Protection in Tropical Forests awarded by Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation 1995 - 1996
- Methods for Ecotourism Market Assessment of the Atlantic Coastal Forests of Parana, Brazil awarded by Forest Service 1994 - 1995
- Methods for Ecotourism Market Assessment of the Atlantic Coastal Forests of Parana, Brazil awarded by Forest Service 1993 - 1994
- Economic Valuation of Forested Ecosystem Damages Resulting from Hurricane Hugo awarded by Forest Service 1991 - 1993
- Estimating Non-Market Forest Benefits in the Southern Appalachian Mountains with Travel Cost Models awarded by Forest Service 1992 - 1993
- Designing Protective Buffer Zones for National Parks: The Case of the Mantadra National Park in Madagascar awarded by Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation 1992 - 1993
- Economic Analysis of a Proposed Agricultural Wetlands Reserve Program awarded by Department of Agriculture 1990 - 1992
- Economics Analysis of a Proposed Agriculture Wetlands Reserve Program awarded by Forest Service 1990 - 1992
- Economic Valuation of Forest Quality: Measurement and Assessment awarded by Forest Service 1990 - 1992
- Economic Valuation of Forest Damage from Air Pollution: Method Development awarded by Forest Service 1989 - 1991
- A Housing Production Model of Developing Country Urban Fuelwood Demand and Supply awarded by Josiah Charles Trent Memorial Foundation 1989 - 1990
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Zhou, X. N., R. Kramer, and W. Z. Yang, eds. Malaria Control and Elimination Program in the People's Republic of China. Vol. 86. Elsevier, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800869-0.12001-3.
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  - Kramer, Randall, Carel van Schaik, and Julie Johnson, eds. Last Stand: Protected Areas and the Defense of Tropical Biodiversity, 1997.
- Academic Articles
  - Kauffman, Kayla, Courtney S. Werner, Georgia Titcomb, Michelle Pender, Jean Yves Rabezara, James P. Herrera, Julie Teresa Shapiro, et al. “Comparing transmission potential networks based on social network surveys, close contacts and environmental overlap in rural Madagascar.” Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 19, no. 186 (January 12, 2022): 20210690. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0690.
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  - Herrera, James P., Jean Yves Rabezara, Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa, Miranda Metz, Courtni France, Ajilé Owens, Michelle Pender, Charles L. Nunn, and Randall A. Kramer. “Food insecurity related to agricultural practices and household characteristics in rural communities of northeast Madagascar.” Food Security 13, no. 6 (January 2021): 1393–1405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01179-3.
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  - Berlin Rubin, Nina, Leonard E. G. Mboera, Adriane Lesser, Marie Lynn Miranda, and Randall Kramer. “Process Evaluation of a Community-Based Microbial Larviciding Intervention for Malaria Control in Rural Tanzania.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): E7309. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197309.
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  - Khandekar, Eeshan, Randall Kramer, Abdullah S. Ali, Abdul-Wahid Al-Mafazy, Joseph R. Egger, Sara LeGrand, Humphrey R. Mkali, Michael McKay, and Jeremiah M. Ngondi. “Evaluating Response Time in Zanzibar's Malaria Elimination Case-Based Surveillance-Response System.” The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 100, no. 2 (February 2019): 256–63. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0546.
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  - Cole, Jennifer, Jessica McDonald, Xinyuan Wen, and R. Kramer. “Marketing energy efficiency: perceived benefits and barriers to home energy efficiency.” Energy Efficiency, January 15, 2018.
    Open Access Copy
  - Kramer, R. A., and D. E. Mercer. “Valuing a global environmental good: U.S. residents’ willingness to pay to protect tropical rain forests,” January 1, 2018, 275–89.
    Open Access Copy
  - Parks, P. J., and R. A. Kramer. “A policy simulation of the wetlands reserve program” 2 (November 30, 2017): 305–22.
    Open Access Copy
  - Simmons, Ryan A., Leonard Mboera, Marie Lynn Miranda, Alison Morris, Gillian Stresman, Elizabeth L. Turner, Randall Kramer, Chris Drakeley, and Wendy P. O’Meara. “A longitudinal cohort study of malaria exposure and changing serostatus in a malaria endemic area of rural Tanzania.” Malar J 16, no. 1 (August 2, 2017): 309. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1945-2.
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  - Miteva, D. A., R. A. Kramer, Z. S. Brown, and M. D. Smith. “Spatial patterns of market participation and resource extraction: Fuelwood collection in Northern Uganda.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 99, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 1008–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aax027.
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  - Pattanayak, S. K., R. A. Kramer, and J. R. Vincent. “Ecosystem change and human health: implementation economics and policy.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 372, no. 1722 (June 2017). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0130.
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  - Bartlett, John A., Sarah Cao, Blandina Mmbaga, Xu Qian, Michael Merson, and Randall Kramer. “Partnership Conference.” Ann Glob Health 83, no. 3–4 (May 2017): 630–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.08.002.
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  - Brown, Z. S., and R. A. Kramer. “Preference Heterogeneity in the Structural Estimation of Efficient Pigovian Incentives for Insecticide Spraying to Reduce Malaria.” Environmental and Resource Economics, January 18, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-017-0115-x.
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  - Rahman, Rifat, Adriane Lesser, Leonard Mboera, and Randall Kramer. “Cost of microbial larviciding for malaria control in rural Tanzania.” Tropical Medicine & International Health : Tm & Ih 21, no. 11 (November 2016): 1468–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12767.
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  - Brown, Z. S., R. A. Kramer, D. Ocan, and C. Oryema. “Household perceptions and subjective valuations of indoor residual spraying programmes to control malaria in northern Uganda.” Infectious Diseases of Poverty 5, no. 1 (October 6, 2016): 100–113.
  - Zachary S. Brown, Richard B., Richard B. Randall A. Kramer, Richard B. David Ocan, and Richard B. Christine Oryema. “Household perceptions and subjective valuations of indoor residual spraying programmes to control malaria in northern Uganda.” Infectious Diseases of Poverty 5, no. 100 (October 6, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0190-1.
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  - Wiener, J., D. Kim, R. Kramer, M. Miranda, R. Anderson, C. Mutero, and Z. Brown. “The Value of Information in Decision-Analytic Modeling for Malaria Vector Control in East Africa.” Risk Analysis, 2016.
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  - Roady, S., S. McDonald, R. Lewison, R. Kramer, D. Rigling-Gallagher, and A. Read. “Comparing Stakeholder Perceptions With Empirical Outcomes From Negotiated Rulemaking Policies: Is Participant Satisfaction a Proxy for Policy Success?” Marine Policy 73 (2016): 224–30.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and A. Lesser. “Sustaining the gains made in malaria control and elimination.” Infectious Diseases of Poverty 4 (January 2015): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0057-x.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and A. Lesser. “Sustaining the gains made in malaria control and elimination.” Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0057-x.
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  - Paul, C., R. Kramer, A. Lesser, C. Mutero, M. L. Miranda, and K. Dickinson. “Identifying barriers in the malaria control policymaking process in East Africa: insights from stakeholders and a structured literature review.” Bmc Public Health 15 (January 2015): 862–70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2183-6.
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  - Mutero, C. M., R. A. Kramer, R. A. Paul, C., A. Lesser, M. L. Miranda, L. E. G. Mboera, R. Kiptui, N. Kabatereine, and B. Ameneshewa. “Factors influencing malaria control policy-making in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.” Malaria Journal 13, no. 305 (August 8, 2014): 305–405. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-305.
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  - Kramer, R. A., L. E. G. Mboera, K. Senkoro, A. Lesser, E. H. Shayo, C. J. Paul, and M. L. Miranda. “A Randomized Longitudinal Factorial Design to Assess Malaria Vector Control and Disease Management Interventions in Rural Tanzania.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11 (May 16, 2014): 5317–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110505317.
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  - Kramer, Randall A., Leonard E. G. Mboera, Kesheni Senkoro, Adriane Lesser, Elizabeth H. Shayo, Christopher J. Paul, and Marie Lynn Miranda. “A randomized longitudinal factorial design to assess malaria vector control and disease management interventions in rural Tanzania.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2014): 5317–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110505317.
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  - Kramer, R. A., L. E. Mboera, K. Senkoro, A. Lesser, E. H. Shayo, C. J. Paul, and M. L. Miranda. “Correction: kramer, R.a., et Al. A randomized longitudinal factorial design to assess malaria vector control and disease management interventions in rural Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public health 2014, 11, 5317-5332.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 9 (2014): 8622–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110908622.
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  - Kramer, R., N. Xiao, and X. -. N. Zhou. “Preface. Malaria control and elimination programme in the People’s Republic of China.” Advances in Parasitology 86 (2014): xvii–xxi. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800869-0.22001-5.
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  - Xia, Zhi-Gui, Li Zhang, Jun Feng, Mei Li, Xin-Yu Feng, Lin-Hua Tang, Shan-Qing Wang, et al. “Lessons from malaria control to elimination: case study in Hainan and Yunnan provinces.” Advances in Parasitology 86 (January 2014): 47–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800869-0.00003-2.
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  - Zhou, Xiao-Nong, Zhi-Gui Xia, Ru-Bo Wang, Ying-Jun Qian, Shui-Sen Zhou, Jürg Utzinger, Marcel Tanner, Randall Kramer, and Wei-Zhong Yang. “Feasibility and roadmap analysis for malaria elimination in China.” Advances in Parasitology 86 (January 2014): 21–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800869-0.00002-0.
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  - Kramer, Randall, David A., David A. Mboera, Leonard E.G., David A. Senkoro, Kesheni, David A. Lesser, Adriane, David A. Shayo, Elizabeth H., David A. Paul, Christopher J., and David A. Miranda, Marie L. “A Randomized Longitudinal Factorial Design to Assess Malaria Vector Control and Disease Management Interventions in Rural Tanzania.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, no. 5 (2014): 5317–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110505137.
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  - Mboera, L.E.G., Jefferson Lab Hall A., Jefferson Lab Hall A. Kramer, R.A., Jefferson Lab Hall A. Miranda, M.L., Jefferson Lab Hall A. Kilima, S.P., Jefferson Lab Hall A. Shayo, E.H., and A. Lesser. “Community Knowledge and Acceptance of Larviciding for Malaria Control in a Rural District of East-Central Tanzania.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, no. 5 (2014): 5137–54. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110505137.
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  - Brown, Z., K. Dickinson, and R. Kramer. “Insecticide Resistance and Malaria Vector Control: The Importance of Fitness Cost Mechanisms in Determining Economically Optimal Control Trajectories.” Journal of Economic Entomology 106, no. 1 (2013): 366–74.
  - Kim, Dohyeong, Kristen Fedak, and Randall Kramer. “Reduction of malaria prevalence by indoor residual spraying: a meta-regression analysis.” The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87, no. 1 (July 2012): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0620.
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  - Mutero, Clifford M., Dieter Schlodder, Narcis Kabatereine, and Randall Kramer. “Integrated vector management for malaria control in Uganda: knowledge, perceptions and policy development.” Malaria Journal 11 (January 14, 2012): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-21.
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  - Dickinson, Katherine L., Heather F. Randell, Randall A. Kramer, and Elizabeth H. Shayo. “Socio-economic status and malaria-related outcomes in Mvomero District, Tanzania.” Global Public Health 7, no. 4 (January 2012): 384–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2010.539573.
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  - Randell, Heather Fawn, Katherine L. Dickinson, Elizabeth H. Shayo, Leonard E. G. Mboera, and Randall A. Kramer. “Environmental management for malaria control: knowledge and practices in Mvomero, Tanzania.” Ecohealth 7, no. 4 (December 2010): 507–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-010-0343-9.
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  - Pattanayak, Subhrendu K., Catherine G. Corey, Yewah F. Lau, and Randall A. Kramer. “Biodiversity Conservation and Child Malaria: Microeconomic Evidence from Flores, Indonesia.” Economic Research Initiatives at Duke Working Paper, no. 85 (November 18, 2010).
  - Elsin, Y. K., R. A. Kramer, and W. A. Jenkins. “Valuing drinking water provision as an ecosystem service in the neuse river basin.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 136, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 474–82. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000058.
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  - Jenkins, W. A., B. C. Murray, R. A. Kramer, and S. P. Faulkner. “Valuing ecosystem services from wetlands restoration in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.” Ecological Economics 69, no. 5 (March 15, 2010): 1051–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.022.
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  - Kramer, Randall A., Katherine L. Dickinson, Richard M. Anderson, Vance G. Fowler, Marie Lynn Miranda, Clifford M. Mutero, Kathryn A. Saterson, and Jonathan B. Wiener. “Using decision analysis to improve malaria control policy making.” Health Policy 92, no. 2–3 (October 2009): 133–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.02.011.
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  - Karanth, K. K., R. A. Kramer, S. S. Qian, and N. L. Christensen. “Examining conservation attitudes, perspectives, and challenges in India.” Biological Conservation 141, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 2357–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.027.
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  - Liese, C., M. D. Smith, and R. A. Kramer. “Open access in a spatially delineated artisanal fishery: The case of Minahasa, Indonesia.” Environment and Development Economics 12, no. 1 (2007): 123–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X06003421.
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  - Pattanayak, Subhrendu, Katherine Dickinson, Catherine Corey, Brian Murray, Erin Sills, and Randall Kramer. “Deforestation, Malaria and Poverty: A Call for Transdisciplinary Research to Support the Design of Cross-Sectoral Policies.” Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 2, no. 2 (2006): 1–12.
  - Kochi, Ikuho, Bryan Hubbell, and Randall Kramer. “An Empirical Bayes Approach to Combining and Comparing Estimates of the Value of a Statistical Life for Environmental Policy Analysis (Submitted).” Resource and Environmental Economics, 2006.
    Open Access Copy
  - Cassels, Susan, Sara R. Curran, and Randall Kramer. “Do Migrants Degrade Coastal Environments? Migration, Natural Resource Extraction and Poverty in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Human Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Journal 33, no. 3 (June 2005): 329–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-005-4142-9.
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  - Saterson, K. A., N. L. Christensen, R. B. Jackson, R. A. Kramer, S. L. Pimm, M. D. Smith, and J. B. Wiener. “Disconnects in Evaluating the Relative Effectiveness of Conservation Strategies.” Conservation Biology 18, no. 3 (June 2004): 1–3.
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  - Pattanayak, S. K., E. O. Sills, and R. A. Kramer. “Seeing the forest for the fuel.” Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 155–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x03001220.
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  - Saterson, K., N. L. Christensen, R. B. Jackson, R. A. Kramer, S. L. Pimm, M. D. Smith, and J. B. Wiener. “Disconnects in Evaluating the Relative Effectiveness of Conservation Strategies.” Conservation Biology 18 (2004): 597–99.
  - Pattanayak, S. K., E. O. Sills, A. D. Mehta, and R. A. Kramer. “Local Uses of Parks: Uncovering Patterns of Household Production from Forests of Siberut, Indonesia.” Conservation and Society 1 (2003): 209–22.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and J. I. Eisen-Hecht. “Estimating the economic value of water quality protection in the Catawba River basin.” Water Resources Research 38, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 21-1-21–10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000755.
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  - Arin, T., and R. A. Kramer. “Divers' willingness to pay to visit marine sanctuaries: An exploratory study.” Ocean and Coastal Management 45, no. 2–3 (July 30, 2002): 171–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00049-2.
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  - Kramer, Randall A., Sahat M. H. Simanjuntak, and Christopher Liese. “Migration and fishing in Indonesian coastal villages.” Ambio 31, no. 4 (June 2002): 367–72. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.4.367.
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  - Eisen-Hecht, J. I., and R. A. Kramer. “A cost-benefit analysis of water quality protection in the Catawba basin.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 453–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04329.x.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and J. I. Eisen-Hecht. “Estimating the economic value of water quality protection in the Catawba River basin.” Water Resources Research 38, no. 9 (2002): 211–2110.
  - Pattanayak, S. K., and R. A. Kramer. “Worth of watersheds: A producer surplus approach for valuing drought mitigation in Eastern Indonesia.” Environment and Development Economics 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 123–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X01000079.
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  - Pattanayak, S., and R. Kramer. “Pricing Ecological Services: Willingness to Pay for Drought Control Services in Indonesia.” Water Resources Research 37 (2001): 771–78.
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  - Aldy, J. E., R. A. Kramer, and T. P. Holmes. “Environmental equity and the conservation of unique ecosystems: An analysis of the distribution of benefits for protecting southern appalachian spruce-fir forests.” Society and Natural Resources 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/089419299279777.
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  - Reaves, D. W., R. A. Kramer, and T. P. Holmes. “Does question format matter? Valuing an endangered species.” Environmental and Resource Economics 14, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 365–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008320621720.
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  - Shyamsundar, P., and R. A. Kramer. “Reply to the "Comment" on the paper by Shyamsundar and Kramer 1997. Biodiversity conservation - At what cost? A study of households in the vicinity of Madagascar's Mantadia National Park. Ambio 26, 180-184.” Ambio 27, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 159–159.
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  - Shyamsundar, P., and R. Kramer. “Biodiversity conservation - At what cost? A study of households in the vicinity of Madagascar's Mantadia National Park.” Ambio 26, no. 3 (May 1, 1997): 180–84.
  - Kramer, R. A., D. D. Richter, S. Pattanayak, and N. P. Sharma. “Ecological and economic analysis of watershed protection in Eastern Madagascar.” Journal of Environmental Management 49, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 277–95. https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1995.0085.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and D. E. Mercer. “Valuing a global environmental good: U.S. residents' willingness to pay to protect tropical rain forests.” Land Economics 73, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 196–210. https://doi.org/10.2307/3147282.
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  - Holmes, T. P., and R. A. Kramer. “Contingent valuation of ecosystem health.” Ecosystem Health 2, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 58–60.
  - Shyamsundar, P., and R. A. Kramer. “Tropical forest protection: An empirical analysis of the costs borne by local people.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 31, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 129–44. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1996.0036.
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  - Holmes, T. P., and R. A. Kramer. “An independent sample test of yea-saying and starting point bias in dichotomous-choice contingent valuation.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 121–32. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1995.1035.
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  - Kramer, R. A., N. Sharma, and M. Munasinghe. “Valuing tropical forests: methodology and case study of Madagascar.” World Bank Environment Paper 13 (January 1, 1995).
  - Mercer, E., R. Kramer, and N. Sharma. “Rain forest tourism - estimating the benefits of tourism development in a new national park in Madagascar.” Journal of Forest Economics 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 239–69.
  - Parks, P. J., R. A. Kramer, and R. E. Heimlich. “Simulating cost-effective wetlands reserves: a comparison of positive and normative approaches.” Natural Resource Modeling 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.1995.tb00298.x.
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  - Parks, P. J., and R. A. Kramer. “A policy simulation of the wetlands reserve program.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 223–40. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1995.1015.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and L. Shabman. “The effects of agricultural and tax policy reform on the economic return to wetland drainage in the Mississippi Delta region.” Land Economics 69, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 249–62. https://doi.org/10.2307/3146591.
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  - Zuhair, S. M. M., D. B. Taylor, and R. A. Kramer. “Choice of utility function form: its effect on classification of risk preferences and the prediction of farmer decisions.” Agricultural Economics 6, no. 4 (January 1, 1992): 333–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5150(92)90009-N.
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  - Halstead, J. M., S. S. Batie, D. Taylor, C. D. Heatwole, P. L. Diebel, and R. A. Kramer. “Impacts of uncertainty on policy costs of managing nonpoint source ground water contamination.” Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 1, no. 4 (July 9, 1991): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v01n04_04.
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  - Halstead, John M., Randall A. Kramer, and Sandra S. Batie. “Logit Analysis of Information in Animal Waste Management.” Journal of Production Agriculture 3, no. 4 (October 1990): 540–44. https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1990.0540.
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  - McDowell, H., R. A. Kramer, and J. M. Price. “An analysis of US farm income policies: historical, market- determined, and sector-wide stabilization.” Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics 21, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200001126.
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  - McSweeny, W. T., D. E. Kenyon, and R. A. Kramer. “Toward an Appropriate Measure of Uncertainty in a Risk Programming Model.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1241309.
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  - Kramer, R. A. “Reexamining agricultural policy: Selected issues and alternatives.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 5 (January 1, 1986): 1222–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/1241856.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and R. D. Pope. “Participation in farm commodity programs: A stochastic dominance analysis: Reply.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 189–90. https://doi.org/10.2307/1241671.
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  - McSweeny, W. T., and R. A. Kramer. “Soil conservation with uncertain revenues and input supplies: Reply.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 361–63. https://doi.org/10.2307/1241443.
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  - McSweeny, W. T., and R. A. Kramer. “The integration of farm programs for achieving soil conservation and nonpoint pollution control objectives.” Land Economics 62, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 159–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/3146334.
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  - Capps, O., and R. A. Kramer. “Analysis of food stamp participation using qualitative choice models.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/1240823.
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  - Greene, C. R., R. A. Kramer, G. W. Norton, E. G. Rajotte, and M. Robert. “An economic analysis of soybean integrated pest management.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 67, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 567–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/1241077.
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  - Kerns, W. R., and R. A. Kramer. “FARMERS' ATTITUDES TOWARD NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL AND PARTICIPATION IN COST‐SHARE PROGRAMS.” Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 207–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00130.x.
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  - Kramer, R. A. “Shifting foundations of agricultural policy analysis when risk markets are incomplete: Discussion.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 67, no. 5 (January 1, 1985): 1020–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/1241365.
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  - Kramer, R. A., and S. S. Batie. “Cross compliance concepts in agricultural programs: the New Deal to the present ( soil conservation).” Agricultural History 59, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 307–19.
  - Segarra, E., R. A. Kramer, and D. B. Taylor. “A stochastic programming analysis of the farm level implications of soil erosion control.” Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics 17, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 147–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025140.
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  - Kerns, W. R., and R. A. Kramer. “ATTITUDES TOWARD CONTROL OF AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT POLLUTION AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.,” December 1, 1984, 339–46.
  - Kramer, R. A., W. T. McSweeny, W. R. Kerns, and R. W. Stavros. “AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE POLICIES FOR CONTROLLING AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION.” Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association 20, no. 6 (January 1, 1984): 841–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1984.tb04790.x.
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  - Kramer, R. A. “Crop insurance as a strategy for agricultural development.” Rural Development: Growth and Inequity. Papers From 18th Iaae Conference, January 1, 1983, 183–88.
  - Kramer, R. A., W. T. McSweeny, and R. W. Stavros. “Soil conservation with uncertain revenues and input supplies.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 65, no. 4 (January 1, 1983): 694–702. https://doi.org/10.2307/1240457.
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  - Mboera, L. E. G., H. D. Mazigo, S. F. Rumisha, and R. Kramer. “Towards Malaria Elimination and its Implication for Vector Control, Disease Management and Livelihoods in Tanzania.” Malaria World Journal 4 (n.d.): 1–1.
- Book Sections
  - Kramer, R., Z. G. Xia, L. Zhang, J. Feng, M. Li, X. Y. Feng, L. H. Tang, et al. “Lessons from Malaria Control to Elimination: Case Study in Hainan and Yunnan Provinces.” In Malaria Control and Elimination Program in the People’s Republic of China, edited by X. N. Zhou, R. Kramer, and W. Z. Yang, 86:1–360. Elsevier, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800869-0.12001-3.
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  - Xia, Z. G., L. Zhang, J. Feng, M. Li, X. Y. Feng, L. H. Tang, S. Q. Wang, et al. “Feasibility and Roadmap Analysis for Malaria Elimination in China.” In Malaria Control and Elimination Program in the People’s Republic of China, edited by X. N. Zhou, R. Kramer, and W. Z. Yang, 86:1–360. Elsevier, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800869-0.12001-3.
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  - Kramer, R. A. N. D. A. L. L., A. Lesser, and A. Jenkins. “The Role of Ecosystem Service Payments in Achieving Conservation Goals: Attitudes Among Farm Operators.” In Valuing Ecosystem Services - Methodological Issues and Case Studies, edited by K. N. Ninan. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014.
  - Kramer, Randall, Ning Xiao, and Xiao-Nong Zhou. “Preface. Malaria control and elimination programme in the People’s Republic of China.,” 86:xvii–xxi, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800869-0.22001-5.
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  - Kramer, R. A., E. O. Sills, and S. K. Pattanayak. “National parks as conservation and development projects: Gauging local support.” In Conserving and Valuing Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity: Economic, Institutional and Social Challenges, 113–32, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770859.
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  - Kramer, R. A. “Forests and biodiversity: An alternative view.” In Latin American Development Priorities, 227–34, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511809910.009.
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  - Kramer, R. A., J. I. Eisen-Hecht, and G. E. Vaughan. “Economics of ecosystem management for the Catawba river Basin.” In Environmental Economics for Watershed Restoration, 81–93, 2009.
  - Kramer, R., Thomas P. Holmes, and Michelle Haefele. “Using Contingent Valuation to Estimate the Value of Forest Ecosystem Protection.” In Forests in a Market Economy, edited by Erin O. Sills and Karen Lee Abt. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
    Open Access Copy
  - Kramer, R., Jeff Langholz, and NIck Salafsky. “The Role of the Private Sector in Protected Area Establishment and Management.” In Making Parks Work: Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature, edited by John Terborgh, Carel van Schaik, Lisa Davenport, and Madhu Rao, 335–51. Island Press, 2002.
    Open Access Copy
- Reports
  - Biscoe, Melanie L., B., B. Mutero, Clifford M., and R. Kramer. “Current Policy and Status of DDT Use for Malaria Control in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa.” Current Policy and Status of DDT Use for Malaria Control in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa. International Water Management Institute, 2005.
    Open Access Copy
- Conference Papers
  - Biscoe, M. L., C. M. Mutero, and R. A. Kramer. “DDT USE FOR MALARIA CONTROL IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA: PERSPECTIVES, POLITICS, AND POLICY.” In Epidemiology, 16:S131–32. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2005. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00332.
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  - SHYAMSUNDAR, P., and R. A. KRAMER. “THE OPPORTUNITY COSTS TO LOCAL RESIDENTS OF ESTABLISHING A NATIONAL-PARK IN MADAGASCAR.” In American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76:1254–1254. AMER AGR ECON ASSN, 1994.
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  - PARKS, P. J., and R. A. KRAMER. “FARMERS PARTICIPATION IN WETLANDS RESTORATION PROGRAMS.” In American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75:1303–1303. AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC, 1993.
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  - SHYAMSUNDAR, P., and R. A. KRAMER. “DOES CONTINGENT VALUATION WORK IN NONMARKET ECONOMIES.” In American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75:1309–1309. AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC, 1993.
    Link to Item
  - ZHU, M. K., D. B. TAYLOR, and R. A. KRAMER. “A CHANCE-CONSTRAINED PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS OF SOIL CONSERVATION - AN EXAMINATION OF THE NORMALITY ASSUMPTION.” In American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72:1361–1361. AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC, 1990.
    Link to Item
  - Kramer, R., and R. Simanjuntak, S. “Human Migration and Resource use in Sulawesi Fishing Communities,” Vol. 2, n.d.
    Open Access Copy
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