Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Fellowship, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Duke University School of Medicine 2014 - 2015
  • Residency, Diagnostic Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine 2010 - 2014
  • M.D., Yale University School of Medicine 2009
  • M.H.S., Yale University 2009
  • B.S., Stanford University 2004
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Radiology 2021
  • Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Radiology 2019 - 2020
  • Assistant Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Radiology 2016 - 2019
  • Medical Instructor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Radiology 2015 - 2016
  • Clinical Associate in the Department of Radiology, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Radiology 2014 - 2015
• Recognition
• 

  In the News

  • MAR 3, 2021

    Duke Health News

    Don't Delay or Avoid: Schedule Your Screening Mammogram Around Your COVID-19 Vaccine
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST) awarded by ECOG-ACRIN Medical Research Foundation Inc. 2017 - 2025
  • Comparison of Operative to Medical Endocrine Therapy (COMET) for Low Risk DCIS awarded by Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Foundation 2016 - 2023
  • Machine Learning for Risk-Adjusted Breast MRI Screening awarded by City College of New York 2020 - 2021
  • Combined breast MRI/biomarker strategies to identify aggressive biology awarded by City of Hope 2015 - 2021
  • Mixed Methods Study of Trainee Perceptions of Radiology with a Focus on Gender and Racial Inequality awarded by Association of University Radiologists Research and Education Foundation 2019 - 2021
  • Prevent Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Invasive Overtreatment Now - PRECISION awarded by MD Anderson Cancer Center 2017 - 2021
  • Prediction of upstaging DCIS to invasive disease: performance comparison between breast radiologists and computer vision algorithms awarded by Radiological Society of North America 2019 - 2020
  • Molecular and Radiologic Predictors of Invasion in a DCIS Active Surveillance Cohort awarded by Breast Cancer Research Foundation 2016 - 2018
  • Development of a personalized evidence-based algorithm for the management of suspicious calcifications awarded by Ge-Aur Radiology Research 2015 - 2017
• 

  External Relationships

  • Hologic, Inc.
  • Medscape ( WebMD HLTH Corp.)
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Katzen, Janine T., Lars J. Grimm, and Rachel F. Brem. “The American College of Radiology/Society of Breast Imaging Updated Fellowship Training Curriculum for Breast Imaging.” Journal of Breast Imaging 3, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 498–501. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa112.
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    • Maxfield, Charles M., J Felipe Montano-Campos, Teresa Chapman, Terry S. Desser, Christopher P. Ho, Nathan C. Hull, Hillary R. Kelly, et al. “Factors Influential in the Selection of Radiology Residents in the Post-Step 1 World: A Discrete Choice Experiment.” J Am Coll Radiol, July 29, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2021.07.005.
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    • Xue, Cheng, Fuk-Hay Tang, Christopher W. K. Lai, Lars J. Grimm, and Joseph Y. Lo. “Multimodal Patient-Specific Registration for Breast Imaging Using Biomechanical Modeling with Reference to AI Evaluation of Breast Tumor Change.” Life (Basel) 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080747.
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    • Milch, Hannah S., Lars J. Grimm, S Reed Plimpton, Khai Tran, Daniela Markovic, Brian N. Dontchos, Stamatia Destounis, et al. “COVID-19 and Breast Radiologist Wellness: Impact of Gender, Financial Loss, and Childcare Need.” J Am Coll Radiol 18, no. 7 (July 2021): 1017–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2021.02.022.
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    • Maxfield, Charles M., Matthew P. Thorpe, Terry S. Desser, Darel Heitkamp, Nathan C. Hull, Nicholas A. Koontz, Timothy J. Welch, and Lars J. Grimm. “Can the use of deception be justified in medical education research? A point/counterpoint and case study.” Acad Radiol, June 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2021.05.008.
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    • Oshima, Sachiko M., Sarah D. Tait, Laura Fish, Rachel A. Greenup, and Lars J. Grimm. “Primary care provider perspectives on screening mammography in older women: A qualitative study.” Prev Med Rep 22 (June 2021): 101380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101380.
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    • Chalfant, J. S., E. O. Cohen, J. W. T. Leung, S. M. Pittman, P. D. Kothari, J. R. Downey, R. E. Sohlich, et al. “Adaptations of Breast Imaging Centers to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of California and Texas.” Journal of Breast Imaging 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 343–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbab020.
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    • Chalfant, James S., Sarah M. Pittman, Pranay D. Kothari, Alice Chong, Lars J. Grimm, Rita E. Sohlich, Jessica W. T. Leung, et al. “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Imaging Education.” J Breast Imaging 3, no. 3 (May 2021): 354–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbab021.
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    • Grimm, L. J. “Radiomics: A Primer for Breast Radiologists.” Journal of Breast Imaging 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 276–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbab014.
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    • Grimm, L. J. “Breast MRI Best Defines Extent in Women with Newly Diagnosed Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.” Journal of Breast Imaging 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 299–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbab018.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Benjamin Neely, Rui Hou, Vignesh Selvakumaran, Jay A. Baker, Sora C. Yoon, Sujata V. Ghate, et al. “Mixed-Methods Study to Predict Upstaging of DCIS to Invasive Disease on Mammography.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 216, no. 4 (April 2021): 903–11. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23679.
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    • Dodelzon, K., L. J. Grimm, K. Tran, B. N. Dontchos, S. Destounis, V. Dialani, B. Dogan, E. Sonnenblick, M. Zuley, and H. S. Milch. “Impact of COVID-19 on Breast Imaging Practice Operations and Recovery Efforts: A North American Study.” Journal of Breast Imaging 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 156–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbab002.
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    • Taylor-Cho, Michael W., James Ronald, Lars J. Grimm, Karen S. Johnson, Jonathan G. Martin, Gary R. Schooler, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Knowledge Retention in Radiology Residents for Audience Response System Versus Traditional Hot-Seat Conference.” J Am Coll Radiol 18, no. 2 (February 2021): 305–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.07.008.
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    • Maxfield, Charles M., Matthew P. Thorpe, Nicholas A. Koontz, and Lars J. Grimm. “You're Biased! Deal With It.” J Am Coll Radiol 18, no. 1 Pt B (January 2021): 161–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.06.028.
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    • Devalapalli, Amrita, Samantha Thomas, Maciej A. Mazurowski, Ashirbani Saha, and Lars J. Grimm. “Performance of preoperative breast MRI based on breast cancer molecular subtype.” Clin Imaging 67 (November 2020): 130–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.05.017.
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    • Grimm, Lars J. “Editorial for "Harmonization of Quantitative Parenchymal Enhancement in T1-Weighted Breast MRI".” J Magn Reson Imaging 52, no. 5 (November 2020): 1383–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.27211.
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    • Grimm, Lars J. “Breast Cancer Screening and Health Care Costs.” Jama Intern Med 180, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1552. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2358.
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    • Plichta, Jennifer K., Hannah Williamson, Amanda R. Sergesketter, Lars J. Grimm, Samantha M. Thomas, Gayle DiLalla, Brittany A. Zwischenberger, E Shelley Hwang, and Ryan P. Plichta. “It's not you, It's me: The influence of patient and surgeon gender on patient satisfaction scores.” Am J Surg 220, no. 5 (November 2020): 1179–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.036.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Stamatia V. Destounis, Habib Rahbar, Mary Scott Soo, and Steven P. Poplack. “Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Biology, Language, and Active Surveillance: A Survey of Breast Radiologists' Knowledge and Opinions.” J Am Coll Radiol 17, no. 10 (October 2020): 1252–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.004.
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    • Maxfield, Charles M., and Lars J. Grimm. “The Value of Numerical USMLE Step 1 Scores in Radiology Resident Selection.” Acad Radiol 27, no. 10 (October 2020): 1475–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.08.007.
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    • Grimm, Lars J. “Major Factors Driving Expert Opinion on Preoperative Breast MRI Do Not Predict Additional Disease.” Radiol Imaging Cancer 2, no. 4 (July 2020): e200025. https://doi.org/10.1148/rycan.2020200025.
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    • Maxfield, Charles M., Matthew P. Thorpe, Terry S. Desser, Darel Heitkamp, Nathan C. Hull, Karen S. Johnson, Nicholas A. Koontz, Gary W. Mlady, Timothy J. Welch, and Lars J. Grimm. “Awareness of implicit bias mitigates discrimination in radiology resident selection.” Med Educ 54, no. 7 (July 2020): 637–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14146.
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    • Ong, Cecilia T., Yi Ren, Samantha M. Thomas, Ilona Stashko, Terry Hyslop, Gretchen Kimmick, Rachel C. Blitzblau, E Shelley Hwang, Lars J. Grimm, and Rachel A. Greenup. “Overall health at diagnosis predicts the risk of complications within the first year after breast cancer diagnosis.” Breast Cancer Res Treat 182, no. 2 (July 2020): 439–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-020-05700-8.
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    • Hou, Rui, Maciej A. Mazurowski, Lars J. Grimm, Jeffrey R. Marks, Lorraine M. King, Carlo C. Maley, Eun-Sil Shelley Hwang, and Joseph Y. Lo. “Prediction of Upstaged Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Using Forced Labeling and Domain Adaptation.” Ieee Trans Biomed Eng 67, no. 6 (June 2020): 1565–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2940195.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Rebecca A. Redmond, James C. Campbell, and Ashleigh S. Rosette. “Gender and Racial Bias in Radiology Residency Letters of Recommendation.” J Am Coll Radiol 17, no. 1 Pt A (January 2020): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2019.08.008.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Breast Cancer Radiogenomics: Current Status and Future Directions.” Acad Radiol 27, no. 1 (January 2020): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.09.012.
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    • Zhu, Zhe, Michael Harowicz, Jun Zhang, Ashirbani Saha, Lars J. Grimm, E Shelley Hwang, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Deep learning analysis of breast MRIs for prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ.” Comput Biol Med 115 (December 2019): 103498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103498.
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    • Maxfield, Charles M., Matthew P. Thorpe, Terry S. Desser, Darel E. Heitkamp, Nathan C. Hull, Karen S. Johnson, Nicholas A. Koontz, Gary W. Mlady, Timothy J. Welch, and Lars J. Grimm. “Bias in Radiology Resident Selection: Do We Discriminate Against the Obese and Unattractive?” Acad Med 94, no. 11 (November 2019): 1774–80. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002813.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Rebecca A. Shelby, Emily E. Knippa, Eun L. Langman, Lauren S. Miller, Beth A. Whiteside, and Mary Scott Soo. “Frequency of Breast Cancer Thoughts and Lifetime Risk Estimates: A Multi-Institutional Survey of Women Undergoing Screening Mammography.” J Am Coll Radiol 16, no. 10 (October 2019): 1393–1400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2018.12.031.
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    • Grimm, Lars J. “Screening for Breast Cancer in Average-Risk Women.” Ann Intern Med 171, no. 6 (September 17, 2019): 450. https://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0472.
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    • Pamarthi, Vishwan, Lars Grimm, Karen Johnson, and Charles Maxfield. “Hybrid Interactive and Didactic Teaching Format Improves Resident Retention and Attention Compared to Traditional Lectures.” Acad Radiol 26, no. 9 (September 2019): 1269–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.02.018.
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    • Ryser, Marc D., Donald L. Weaver, Fengmin Zhao, Mathias Worni, Lars J. Grimm, Roman Gulati, Ruth Etzioni, Terry Hyslop, Sandra J. Lee, and E Shelley Hwang. “Cancer Outcomes in DCIS Patients Without Locoregional Treatment.” J Natl Cancer Inst 111, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 952–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djy220.
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    • Shehata, Mariam, Lars Grimm, Nancy Ballantyne, Ana Lourenco, Linda R. Demello, Mark R. Kilgore, and Habib Rahbar. “Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Current Concepts in Biology, Imaging, and Treatment.” J Breast Imaging 1, no. 3 (September 2019): 166–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbz039.
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    • Saha, Ashirbani, Lars J. Grimm, Sujata V. Ghate, Connie E. Kim, Mary S. Soo, Sora C. Yoon, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Machine learning-based prediction of future breast cancer using algorithmically measured background parenchymal enhancement on high-risk screening MRI.” J Magn Reson Imaging 50, no. 2 (August 2019): 456–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26636.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Matthew M. Miller, Samantha M. Thomas, Yiling Liu, Joseph Y. Lo, E Shelley Hwang, Terry Hyslop, and Marc D. Ryser. “Growth Dynamics of Mammographic Calcifications: Differentiating Ductal Carcinoma in Situ from Benign Breast Disease.” Radiology 292, no. 1 (July 2019): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182599.
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    • Aminololama-Shakeri, Shadi, Mary Scott Soo, Lars J. Grimm, Meredith R. Watts, Steven P. Poplack, Jocelyn Rapelyea, Nicole Saphier, Rand Stack, and Stamatia Destounis. “Radiologist-Patient Communication: Current Practices and Barriers to Communication in Breast Imaging.” J Am Coll Radiol 16, no. 5 (May 2019): 709–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2018.10.016.
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    • Campbell, James C., Sora C. Yoon, and Lars J. Grimm. “Authorship and Impact of Gender-Specific Research in Major Radiology Journals.” J Am Coll Radiol 16, no. 2 (February 2019): 240–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2018.08.024.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Ashirbani Saha, Sujata V. Ghate, Connie Kim, Mary Scott Soo, Sora C. Yoon, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Relationship between Background Parenchymal Enhancement on High-risk Screening MRI and Future Breast Cancer Risk.” Acad Radiol 26, no. 1 (January 2019): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2018.03.013.
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    • Hou, R., Y. Ren, L. J. Grimm, M. A. Mazurowski, J. R. Marks, L. King, C. C. Maley, E. Shelley Hwang, and J. Y. Lo. “Malignant microcalcification clusters detection using unsupervised deep autoencoders.” Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie 10950 (January 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512829.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Christine E. Bookhout, Rex C. Bentley, Sheryl G. Jordan, and Thomas J. Lawton. “Concordant, non-atypical breast papillomas do not require surgical excision: A 10-year multi-institution study and review of the literature.” Clin Imaging 51 (September 2018): 180–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.04.021.
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    • Cater, Sarah Wallace, Sora C. Yoon, Dorothy A. Lowell, James C. Campbell, Gary Sulioti, Rosie Qin, Brian Jiang, and Lars J. Grimm. “Bridging the Gap: Identifying Global Trends in Gender Disparity Among the Radiology Physician Workforce.” Acad Radiol 25, no. 8 (August 2018): 1052–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.12.021.
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    • Campbell, James C., Sora C. Yoon, and Lars J. Grimm. “Collaboration Metrics Among Female and Male Researchers: A 5-Year Review of Publications in Major Radiology Journals.” Acad Radiol 25, no. 7 (July 2018): 951–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.12.034.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Rebecca A. Shelby, Emily E. Knippa, Eun L. Langman, Lauren S. Miller, Beth E. Whiteside, and Mary Scott C. Soo. “Patient Perceptions of Breast Cancer Risk in Imaging-Detected Low-Risk Scenarios and Thresholds for Desired Intervention: A Multi-Institution Survey.” J Am Coll Radiol 15, no. 6 (June 2018): 911–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2018.02.010.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Marc D. Ryser, and Terry Hyslop. “Role of Preoperative Variables in Reducing the Rate of Occult Invasive Disease for Women Considering Active Surveillance for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.” Jama Surg 153, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 290–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2017.5566.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Neal K. Viradia, and Karen S. Johnson. “Normal Axillary Lymph Node Variability Between White and Black Women on Breast MRI.” Acad Radiol 25, no. 3 (March 2018): 305–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.10.007.
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    • Shi, Bibo, Lars J. Grimm, Maciej A. Mazurowski, Jay A. Baker, Jeffrey R. Marks, Lorraine M. King, Carlo C. Maley, E Shelley Hwang, and Joseph Y. Lo. “Prediction of Occult Invasive Disease in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Using Deep Learning Features.” J Am Coll Radiol 15, no. 3 Pt B (March 2018): 527–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.11.036.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Marc D. Ryser, Ann H. Partridge, Alastair M. Thompson, Jeremy S. Thomas, Jelle Wesseling, and E Shelley Hwang. “Surgical Upstaging Rates for Vacuum Assisted Biopsy Proven DCIS: Implications for Active Surveillance Trials.” Ann Surg Oncol 24, no. 12 (November 2017): 3534–40. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-6018-9.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Sujata V. Ghate, E Shelley Hwang, and Mary Scott Soo. “Imaging Features of Patients Undergoing Active Surveillance for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ.” Acad Radiol 24, no. 11 (November 2017): 1364–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.05.017.
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    • Harowicz, Michael R., Ashirbani Saha, Lars J. Grimm, P Kelly Marcom, Jeffrey R. Marks, E Shelley Hwang, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Can algorithmically assessed MRI features predict which patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ are upstaged to invasive breast cancer?” J Magn Reson Imaging 46, no. 5 (November 2017): 1332–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25655.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Dorothy A. Lowell, Sarah W. Cater, and Sora C. Yoon. “Differential Motivations for Pursuing Diagnostic Radiology by Gender: Implications for Residency Recruitment.” Acad Radiol 24, no. 10 (October 2017): 1312–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.03.023.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Jing Zhang, Jay A. Baker, Mary S. Soo, Karen S. Johnson, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Relationships Between MRI Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Lexicon Descriptors and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: Internal Enhancement is Associated with Luminal B Subtype.” Breast J 23, no. 5 (September 2017): 579–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbj.12799.
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    • Shi, Bibo, Lars J. Grimm, Maciej A. Mazurowski, Jay A. Baker, Jeffrey R. Marks, Lorraine M. King, Carlo C. Maley, E Shelley Hwang, and Joseph Y. Lo. “Can Occult Invasive Disease in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Be Predicted Using Computer-extracted Mammographic Features?” Acad Radiol 24, no. 9 (September 2017): 1139–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.03.013.
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    • Campbell, James C., Sora C. Yoon, Sarah Wallace Cater, and Lars J. Grimm. “Factors Influencing the Gender Breakdown of Academic Radiology Residency Programs.” J Am Coll Radiol 14, no. 7 (July 2017): 958–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.02.045.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., David Y. Johnson, Karen S. Johnson, Jay A. Baker, Mary Scott Soo, E Shelley Hwang, and Sujata V. Ghate. “Suspicious breast calcifications undergoing stereotactic biopsy in women ages 70 and over: Breast cancer incidence by BI-RADS descriptors.” Eur Radiol 27, no. 6 (June 2017): 2275–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4617-7.
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    • Cho, Michael W., Lars J. Grimm, and Karen S. Johnson. “Focal Breast Pain: Does Breast Density Affect the Need for Ultrasound?” Acad Radiol 24, no. 1 (January 2017): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2016.09.004.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., and E. Shelley Hwang. “Active Surveillance for DCIS: The Importance of Selection Criteria and Monitoring.” Ann Surg Oncol 23, no. 13 (December 2016): 4134–36. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5596-2.
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    • Wang, M., L. J. Grimm, and M. A. Mazurowski. “A computer vision-based algorithm to predict false positive errors in radiology trainees when interpreting digital breast tomosynthesis cases.” Expert Systems With Applications 64 (December 1, 2016): 490–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2016.08.023.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Jennifer Ngo, and Etta D. Pisano. “Reply to "Reducing Gender Discrepancies in Academic Radiology".” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 207, no. 5 (November 2016): W105. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.16836.
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    • Wang, M., J. Zhang, L. J. Grimm, S. V. Ghate, R. Walsh, K. S. Johnson, J. Y. Lo, and M. A. Mazurowski. “Predicting false negative errors in digital breast tomosynthesis among radiology trainees using a computer vision-based approach.” Expert Systems With Applications 56 (September 1, 2016): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2016.01.053.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Carolyn S. Avery, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Recommendations to Reduce Diagnostic Radiology Resident Misrepresentation in Postinterview Communications.” J Am Coll Radiol 13, no. 8 (August 2016): 964–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.03.024.
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    • Saha, Ashirbani, Lars J. Grimm, Michael Harowicz, Sujata V. Ghate, Connie Kim, Ruth Walsh, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Interobserver variability in identification of breast tumors in MRI and its implications for prognostic biomarkers and radiogenomics.” Med Phys 43, no. 8 (August 2016): 4558. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955435.
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    • Grimm, Lars J. “Breast MRI radiogenomics: Current status and research implications.” J Magn Reson Imaging 43, no. 6 (June 2016): 1269–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25116.
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    • Burke, Christopher J., Lars J. Grimm, Matthew J. Boyle, Claude T. Moorman, and Thomas W. Hash. “Imaging of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Instability: A 10 year retrospective case series.” Clin Imaging 40, no. 3 (May 2016): 470–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.12.011.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Jennifer Ngo, Etta D. Pisano, and Sora Yoon. “Men (and Women) in Academic Radiology: How Can We Reduce the Gender Discrepancy?” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 206, no. 4 (April 2016): 678–80. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.15.15277.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Carolyn S. Avery, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Residency Postinterview Communications: More Harm Than Good?” J Grad Med Educ 8, no. 1 (February 2016): 7–9. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-15-00062.1.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Jing Zhang, Joseph Y. Lo, Karen S. Johnson, Sujata V. Ghate, Ruth Walsh, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Radiology Trainee Performance in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Relationship Between Difficulty and Error-Making Patterns.” J Am Coll Radiol 13, no. 2 (February 2016): 198–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.09.025.
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    • Mazurowski, Maciej A., Lars J. Grimm, Jing Zhang, P Kelly Marcom, Sora C. Yoon, Connie Kim, Sujata V. Ghate, and Karen S. Johnson. “Recurrence-free survival in breast cancer is associated with MRI tumor enhancement dynamics quantified using computer algorithms.” Eur J Radiol 84, no. 11 (November 2015): 2117–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.07.012.
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    • Myers, Evan R., Patricia Moorman, Jennifer M. Gierisch, Laura J. Havrilesky, Lars J. Grimm, Sujata Ghate, Brittany Davidson, et al. “Benefits and Harms of Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review.” Jama 314, no. 15 (October 20, 2015): 1615–34. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.13183.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Jing Zhang, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Computational approach to radiogenomics of breast cancer: Luminal A and luminal B molecular subtypes are associated with imaging features on routine breast MRI extracted using computer vision algorithms.” J Magn Reson Imaging 42, no. 4 (October 2015): 902–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24879.
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    • Lewis, Douglas S., Lars J. Grimm, and Charles Y. Kim. “Left renal vein compression as cause for varicocele: prevalence and associated findings on contrast-enhanced CT.” Abdom Imaging 40, no. 8 (October 2015): 3147–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0512-y.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Mary S. Soo, Sora Yoon, Connie Kim, Sujata V. Ghate, and Karen S. Johnson. “Abbreviated screening protocol for breast MRI: a feasibility study.” Acad Radiol 22, no. 9 (September 2015): 1157–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2015.06.004.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Andy L. Anderson, Jay A. Baker, Karen S. Johnson, Ruth Walsh, Sora C. Yoon, and Sujata V. Ghate. “Frequency of Malignancy and Imaging Characteristics of Probably Benign Lesions Seen at Breast MRI.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 205, no. 2 (August 2015): 442–47. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.14.13530.
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    • Zhang, Jing, Lars J. Grimm, Joseph Y. Lo, Karen S. Johnson, Sujata V. Ghate, Ruth Walsh, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Does Breast Imaging Experience During Residency Translate Into Improved Initial Performance in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis?” J Am Coll Radiol 12, no. 7 (July 2015): 728–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.02.025.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Terry S. Desser, Janet E. Bailey, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Applicant to Residency Program Translation Guide.” J Am Coll Radiol 12, no. 6 (June 2015): 622–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2014.07.035.
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    • Engstrom, Bjorn I., Lars J. Grimm, James Ronald, Tony P. Smith, and Charles Y. Kim. “Accessory veins in nonmaturing autogenous arteriovenous fistulae: analysis of anatomic features and impact on fistula maturation.” Semin Dial 28, no. 3 (May 2015): E30–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12333.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Andy L. Anderson, Jay A. Baker, Karen S. Johnson, Ruth Walsh, Sora C. Yoon, and Sujata V. Ghate. “Interobserver Variability Between Breast Imagers Using the Fifth Edition of the BI-RADS MRI Lexicon.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 204, no. 5 (May 2015): 1120–24. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.14.13047.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Karen S. Johnson, P Kelly Marcom, Jay A. Baker, and Mary S. Soo. “Can breast cancer molecular subtype help to select patients for preoperative MR imaging?” Radiology 274, no. 2 (February 2015): 352–58. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.14140594.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Alisa Nagler, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Survey of the incidence and effect of major life events on graduate medical education trainees.” Med Educ Online 20 (2015): 27597. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v20.27597.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Alisa Nagler, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Survey of the incidence and effect of major life events on graduate medical education trainees.” Med Educ Online 20, no. 1 (January 2015): 27597. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v20.27597.
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    • Mazurowski, Maciej A., Jing Zhang, Lars J. Grimm, Sora C. Yoon, and James I. Silber. “Radiogenomic analysis of breast cancer: luminal B molecular subtype is associated with enhancement dynamics at MR imaging.” Radiology 273, no. 2 (November 2014): 365–72. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.14132641.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Cherie M. Kuzmiak, Sujata V. Ghate, Sora C. Yoon, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Radiology resident mammography training: interpretation difficulty and error-making patterns.” Acad Radiol 21, no. 7 (July 2014): 888–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2014.01.025.
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    • Grimm, Lars, and Charles Maxfield. “A proposal to reduce misrepresentation of medical student research activities in ERAS.” Acad Med 89, no. 6 (June 2014): 833. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000255.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Lauren M. Shapiro, Terry Singhapricha, Maciej A. Mazurowski, Terry S. Desser, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Predictors of an academic career on radiology residency applications.” Acad Radiol 21, no. 5 (May 2014): 685–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2013.10.019.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Sujata V. Ghate, Sora C. Yoon, Cherie M. Kuzmiak, Connie Kim, and Maciej A. Mazurowski. “Predicting error in detecting mammographic masses among radiology trainees using statistical models based on BI-RADS features.” Med Phys 41, no. 3 (March 2014): 031909. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4866379.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., and Charles M. Maxfield. “Ultimate publication rate of unpublished manuscripts listed on radiology residency applications at one institution.” Acad Med 88, no. 11 (November 2013): 1719–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182a7f903.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Bjorn I. Engstrom, Rendon C. Nelson, and Charles Y. Kim. “Incidental detection of nutcracker phenomenon on multidetector CT in an asymptomatic population: prevalence and associated findings.” J Comput Assist Tomogr 37, no. 3 (May 2013): 415–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e3182873235.
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    • Wang, Ye Elaine, Mengfei Liu, Long Jin, Matthew P. Lungren, Lars J. Grimm, Ziwei Zhang, and Charles M. Maxfield. “Radiology education in China.” J Am Coll Radiol 10, no. 3 (March 2013): 213–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2012.11.006.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., and Ralph E. Coleman. “Assessing the utility of the ventilation phase in ventilation-perfusion imaging for acute pulmonary embolism.” Nucl Med Commun 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNM.0b013e32835afb99.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Sebastian Feuerlein, Mustafa Bashir, and Rendon C. Nelson. “Effectiveness of a breath-hold monitoring system in improving the reproducibility of different breath-hold positions in multiphasic CT imaging.” Clin Imaging 36, no. 6 (November 2012): 754–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.01.040.
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    • Feuerlein, Sebastian, Lars J. Grimm, Matthew S. Davenport, Clare M. Haystead, Chad M. Miller, Amy M. Neville, and Tracy A. Jaffe. “Can the localization of primary colonic tumors be improved by staging CT without specific bowel preparation compared to optical colonoscopy?” Eur J Radiol 81, no. 10 (October 2012): 2538–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.12.004.
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    • Grimm, Lars J., Daniel Cornfeld, and Hamid R. Mojibian. “The effect of left-sided versus right-sided contrast infusion on attenuation of the main pulmonary artery when performing computed tomography angiograms of the chest.” J Comput Assist Tomogr 34, no. 1 (January 2010): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e3181ad2cfe.
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  • Book Sections

    • Obeng-Gyasi, S., L. J. Grimm, E. S. Hwang, V. S. Klimberg, and K. I. Bland. “Indications and techniques for biopsy.” In The Breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases, 377-385.e2, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-35955-9.00028-3.
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  • Conference Papers

    • Hou, R., L. J. Grimm, M. A. Mazurowski, J. R. Marks, L. M. King, C. C. Maley, E. S. Hwang, and J. Y. Lo. “A multitask deep learning method in simultaneously predicting occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in-situ and segmenting microcalcifications in mammography.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 11314, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549669.
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    • Peng, Y., R. Hou, Y. Ren, L. J. Grimm, J. R. Marks, E. S. Hwang, and J. Y. Lo. “Microcalcification localization and cluster detection using unsupervised convolutional autoencoders and structural similarity index.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 11314, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2551263.
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    • Kong, D., Y. Ren, R. Hou, L. J. Grimm, J. R. Marks, and J. Y. Lo. “Synthesis and texture manipulation of screening mammograms using conditional generative adversarial network.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10950, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513125.
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    • Ren, Y., R. Hou, D. Kong, Y. Geng, L. J. Grimm, J. R. Marks, and J. Y. Lo. “Multiview mammographic mass detection based on a single shot detection system.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10950, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513136.
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    • Ren, Y., Z. Zhu, Y. Li, D. Kong, R. Hou, L. J. Grimm, J. R. Marks, and J. Y. Lo. “Mask Embedding for Realistic High-Resolution Medical Image Synthesis.” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11769 LNCS:422–30, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32226-7_47.
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    • Plichta, Jennifer K., Hannah Vernia, Lars J. Grimm, Amanda R. Sergesketter, Samantha M. Thomas, Shelley Hwang, and Ryan P. Plichta. “It’s Not You, It’s Me: The Influence of Surgeon Gender on Patient Satisfaction Scores.” In Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 227:e31–e31. Elsevier BV, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.08.082.
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    • Landa, Karenia, Eda Holl, Michael Brown, James Herndon, Lars Grimm, Jeremy Force, Darell Bigner, Shelley Hwang, Matthias Gromeier, and Smita Nair. “Abstract LB-302: Oncolytic poliovirus-mediated inflammation and immunity in breast cancer.” In Immunology. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-302.
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    • Force, Jeremy, Eda Holl, Michael Brown, Paul Kelly Marcom, Lars Grimm, David Boczkowski, Victoria Frazier, et al. “Recombinant oncolytic poliovirus combined with checkpoint blockade for breast cancer therapy.” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36:e12641–e12641. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2018. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e12641.
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    • Lo, Joseph Y., Lars J. Grimm, Maciej A. Mazurowski, Jay A. Baker, Jeffrey R. Marks, Lorraine M. King, Carlo C. Maley, Eun-Sil Shelley Hwang, and Bibo Shi. “Prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ using deep learning features.” In Cancer Research, Vol. 78. AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH, 2018.
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    • Hou, R., B. Shi, L. J. Grimm, M. A. Mazurowski, J. R. Marks, L. M. King, C. C. Maley, E. Shelley Hwang, and J. Y. Lo. “Improving classification with forced labeling of other related classes: Application to prediction of upstaged ductal carcinoma in situ using mammographic features.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10575, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293809.
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    • Saha, A., M. R. Harowicz, L. J. Grimm, C. E. Kim, S. V. Ghate, R. Walsh, and M. A. Mazurowski. “Association of high proliferation marker Ki-67 expression with DCEMR imaging features of breast: A large scale evaluation.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10575, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293207.
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    • Shi, B., R. Hou, M. A. Mazurowski, L. J. Grimm, Y. Ren, J. R. Marks, L. M. King, C. C. Maley, E. S. Hwang, and J. Y. Lo. “Learning better deep features for the prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ through transfer learning.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10575, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293594.
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    • Zhang, J., S. V. Ghate, L. J. Grimm, A. Saha, E. H. Cain, Z. Zhu, and M. A. Mazurowski. “Convolutional encoder-decoder for breast mass segmentation in digital breast tomosynthesis.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10575, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2295437.
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    • Zhu, Z., M. Harowicz, J. Zhang, A. Saha, L. J. Grimm, S. Hwang, and M. A. Mazurowski. “Deep learning-based features of breast MRI for prediction of occult invasive disease following a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: Preliminary data.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10575, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2295470.
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    • Shi, B., L. J. Grimm, M. A. Mazurowski, J. R. Marks, L. M. King, C. C. Maley, E. S. Hwang, and J. Y. Lo. “Prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ using computer-extracted mammographic features.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10134, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255731.
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    • Shi, B., L. J. Grimm, M. A. Mazurowski, J. R. Marks, L. M. King, C. C. Maley, E. S. Hwang, and J. Y. Lo. “Can upstaging of ductal carcinoma in situ be predicted at biopsy by histologic and mammographic features?” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 10134, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255847.
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    • Wang, M., J. Zhang, L. J. Grimm, S. V. Ghate, R. Walsh, K. S. Johnson, J. Y. Lo, and M. A. Mazurowski. “Identification of error making patterns in lesion detection on digital breast tomosynthesis using computer-extracted image features.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 9787, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2201061.
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    • Grimm, L. J., J. Zhang, K. S. Johnson, J. Y. Lo, and M. A. Mazurowski. “Incorporating breast tomosynthesis into radiology residency: Does trainee experience in breast imaging translate into improved performance with this new modality?” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 9416, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082810.
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