Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Fellowship, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Duke University School of Medicine 2014 - 2015
  • Residency, Diagnostic Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine 2010 - 2014
  • M.D., Yale University School of Medicine 2009
  • M.H.S., Yale University 2009
  • B.S., Stanford University 2004
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Medical Instructor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Radiology 2015 - 2016
  • Clinical Associate in the Department of Radiology, Radiology, Breast Imaging, Radiology 2014 - 2015
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Comparison of Operative to Medical Endocrine Therapy (COMET) for Low Risk DCIS awarded by Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Foundation 2016 - 2021
  • Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST) awarded by American College of Radiology Imaging Network 2017 - 2019
  • Prevent Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Invasive Overtreatment Now - PRECISION awarded by MD Anderson Cancer Center 2017 - 2019
  • Molecular and Radiologic Predictors of Invasion in a DCIS Active Surveillance Cohort awarded by Breast Cancer Research Foundation 2016 - 2018
  • Development of a personalized evidence-based algorithm for the management of suspicious calcifications awarded by Ge-Aur Radiology Research 2015 - 2017
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Grimm, LJ, Shelby, RA, Knippa, EE, Langman, EL, Miller, LS, Whiteside, BA, and Soo, MS. "Frequency of Breast Cancer Thoughts and Lifetime Risk Estimates: A Multi-Institutional Survey of Women Undergoing Screening Mammography." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr (February 27, 2019).  Full Text
    • Campbell, JC, Yoon, SC, and Grimm, LJ. "Authorship and Impact of Gender-Specific Research in Major Radiology Journals." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr 16, no. 2 (February 2019): 240-243.  Full Text
    • Saha, A, Grimm, LJ, Ghate, SV, Kim, CE, Soo, MS, Yoon, SC, and Mazurowski, MA. "Machine learning-based prediction of future breast cancer using algorithmically measured background parenchymal enhancement on high-risk screening MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : Jmri (January 16, 2019).  Full Text
    • Goldman, D, Martin, J, Bercu, Z, Newsome, J, and Grimm, L. "Differential Motivations for Pursuing Interventional Radiology: Implications for Residency Recruitment." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr 16, no. 1 (January 2019): 82-88.  Full Text
    • Aminololama-Shakeri, S, Soo, MS, Grimm, LJ, Watts, MR, Poplack, SP, Rapelyea, J, Saphier, N, Stack, R, and Destounis, S. "Radiologist-Patient Communication: Current Practices and Barriers to Communication in Breast Imaging." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr (December 20, 2018).  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Bookhout, CE, Bentley, RC, Jordan, SG, and Lawton, TJ. "Concordant, non-atypical breast papillomas do not require surgical excision: A 10-year multi-institution study and review of the literature." Clinical Imaging 51 (September 2018): 180-185.  Full Text
    • Cater, SW, Yoon, SC, Lowell, DA, Campbell, JC, Sulioti, G, Qin, R, Jiang, B, and Grimm, LJ. "Bridging the Gap: Identifying Global Trends in Gender Disparity Among the Radiology Physician Workforce." Academic Radiology 25, no. 8 (August 2018): 1052-1061.  Full Text
    • Campbell, JC, Yoon, SC, and Grimm, LJ. "Collaboration Metrics Among Female and Male Researchers: A 5-Year Review of Publications in Major Radiology Journals." Academic Radiology 25, no. 7 (July 2018): 951-954.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Shelby, RA, Knippa, EE, Langman, EL, Miller, LS, Whiteside, BE, and Soo, MSC. "Patient Perceptions of Breast Cancer Risk in Imaging-Detected Low-Risk Scenarios and Thresholds for Desired Intervention: A Multi-Institution Survey." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr 15, no. 6 (June 2018): 911-919.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Saha, A, Ghate, SV, Kim, C, Soo, MS, Yoon, SC, and Mazurowski, MA. "Relationship between Background Parenchymal Enhancement on High-risk Screening MRI and Future Breast Cancer Risk." Academic Radiology (March 27, 2018).  Full Text
    • "Role of Preoperative Variables in Reducing the Rate of Occult Invasive Disease for Women Considering Active Surveillance for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ." JAMA surgery 153, no. 3 (March 2018): 290-291.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Viradia, NK, and Johnson, KS. "Normal Axillary Lymph Node Variability Between White and Black Women on Breast MRI." Academic Radiology 25, no. 3 (March 2018): 305-308.  Full Text
    • Shi, B, Grimm, LJ, Mazurowski, MA, Baker, JA, Marks, JR, King, LM, Maley, CC, Hwang, ES, and Lo, JY. "Prediction of Occult Invasive Disease in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Using Deep Learning Features." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr 15, no. 3 Pt B (March 2018): 527-534.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Ghate, SV, Hwang, ES, and Soo, MS. "Imaging Features of Patients Undergoing Active Surveillance for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ." Academic Radiology 24, no. 11 (November 2017): 1364-1371.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Ryser, MD, Partridge, AH, Thompson, AM, Thomas, JS, Wesseling, J, and Hwang, ES. "Surgical Upstaging Rates for Vacuum Assisted Biopsy Proven DCIS: Implications for Active Surveillance Trials." Annals of Surgical Oncology 24, no. 12 (November 2017): 3534-3540.  Full Text
    • Harowicz, MR, Saha, A, Grimm, LJ, Marcom, PK, Marks, JR, Hwang, ES, and Mazurowski, MA. "Can algorithmically assessed MRI features predict which patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ are upstaged to invasive breast cancer?." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : Jmri 46, no. 5 (November 2017): 1332-1340.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Lowell, DA, Cater, SW, and Yoon, SC. "Differential Motivations for Pursuing Diagnostic Radiology by Gender: Implications for Residency Recruitment." Academic Radiology 24, no. 10 (October 2017): 1312-1317.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Zhang, J, Baker, JA, Soo, MS, Johnson, KS, and Mazurowski, MA. "Relationships Between MRI Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Lexicon Descriptors and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: Internal Enhancement is Associated with Luminal B Subtype." The breast journal 23, no. 5 (September 2017): 579-582.  Full Text
    • Shi, B, Grimm, LJ, Mazurowski, MA, Baker, JA, Marks, JR, King, LM, Maley, CC, Hwang, ES, and Lo, JY. "Can Occult Invasive Disease in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Be Predicted Using Computer-extracted Mammographic Features?." Academic Radiology 24, no. 9 (September 2017): 1139-1147.  Full Text
    • Campbell, JC, Yoon, SC, Cater, SW, and Grimm, LJ. "Factors Influencing the Gender Breakdown of Academic Radiology Residency Programs." Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 14, no. 7 (July 2017): 958-962.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Johnson, DY, Johnson, KS, Baker, JA, Soo, MS, Hwang, ES, and Ghate, SV. "Suspicious breast calcifications undergoing stereotactic biopsy in women ages 70 and over: Breast cancer incidence by BI-RADS descriptors." European radiology 27, no. 6 (June 2017): 2275-2281.  Full Text
    • Cho, MW, Grimm, LJ, and Johnson, KS. "Focal Breast Pain: Does Breast Density Affect the Need for Ultrasound?." Academic Radiology 24, no. 1 (January 2017): 53-59.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, and Shelley Hwang, E. "Active Surveillance for DCIS: The Importance of Selection Criteria and Monitoring." Annals of Surgical Oncology 23, no. 13 (December 2016): 4134-4136.  Full Text
    • Wang, M, Grimm, LJ, and Mazurowski, MA. "A computer vision-based algorithm to predict false positive errors in radiology trainees when interpreting digital breast tomosynthesis cases." Expert Systems With Applications 64 (December 1, 2016): 490-499.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Ngo, J, and Pisano, ED. "Reply to "Reducing Gender Discrepancies in Academic Radiology"." AJR. American journal of roentgenology 207, no. 5 (November 2016): W105-.  Full Text
    • Wang, M, Zhang, J, Grimm, LJ, Ghate, SV, Walsh, R, Johnson, KS, Lo, JY, and Mazurowski, MA. "Predicting false negative errors in digital breast tomosynthesis among radiology trainees using a computer vision-based approach." Expert Systems With Applications 56 (September 1, 2016): 1-8.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Avery, CS, and Maxfield, CM. "Recommendations to Reduce Diagnostic Radiology Resident Misrepresentation in Postinterview Communications." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr 13, no. 8 (August 2016): 964-966.  Full Text
    • Saha, A, Grimm, LJ, Harowicz, M, Ghate, SV, Kim, C, Walsh, R, and Mazurowski, MA. "Interobserver variability in identification of breast tumors in MRI and its implications for prognostic biomarkers and radiogenomics." Medical Physics 43, no. 8 (August 2016): 4558-null.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ. "Breast MRI radiogenomics: Current status and research implications." Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 43, no. 6 (June 2016): 1269-1278. (Review)  Full Text
    • Burke, CJ, Grimm, LJ, Boyle, MJ, Moorman, CT, and Hash, TW. "Imaging of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Instability: A 10 year retrospective case series." Clinical imaging 40, no. 3 (May 2016): 470-476.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Ngo, J, Pisano, ED, and Yoon, S. "Men (and Women) in Academic Radiology: How Can We Reduce the Gender Discrepancy?." Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology 206, no. 4 (April 2016): 678-680.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Avery, CS, and Maxfield, CM. "Residency Postinterview Communications: More Harm Than Good?." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 8, no. 1 (February 2016): 7-9.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Zhang, J, Lo, JY, Johnson, KS, Ghate, SV, Walsh, R, and Mazurowski, MA. "Radiology Trainee Performance in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Relationship Between Difficulty and Error-Making Patterns." Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 13, no. 2 (February 2016): 198-202.  Full Text
    • Mazurowski, MA, Grimm, LJ, Zhang, J, Marcom, PK, Yoon, SC, Kim, C, Ghate, SV, and Johnson, KS. "Recurrence-free survival in breast cancer is associated with MRI tumor enhancement dynamics quantified using computer algorithms." European journal of radiology 84, no. 11 (November 2015): 2117-2122.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Zhang, J, and Mazurowski, MA. "Computational approach to radiogenomics of breast cancer: Luminal A and luminal B molecular subtypes are associated with imaging features on routine breast MRI extracted using computer vision algorithms." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : Jmri 42, no. 4 (October 2015): 902-907.  Full Text
    • Lewis, DS, Grimm, LJ, and Kim, CY. "Left renal vein compression as cause for varicocele: prevalence and associated findings on contrast-enhanced CT." Abdominal imaging 40, no. 8 (October 2015): 3147-3151.  Full Text
    • Myers, ER, Moorman, P, Gierisch, JM, Havrilesky, LJ, Grimm, LJ, Ghate, S, Davidson, B, Mongtomery, RC, Crowley, MJ, McCrory, DC, Kendrick, A, and Sanders, GD. "Benefits and Harms of Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review." Jama 314, no. 15 (October 2015): 1615-1634. (Review)  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Soo, MS, Yoon, S, Kim, C, Ghate, SV, and Johnson, KS. "Abbreviated screening protocol for breast MRI: a feasibility study." Academic radiology 22, no. 9 (September 2015): 1157-1162.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Anderson, AL, Baker, JA, Johnson, KS, Walsh, R, Yoon, SC, and Ghate, SV. "Frequency of Malignancy and Imaging Characteristics of Probably Benign Lesions Seen at Breast MRI." AJR. American journal of roentgenology 205, no. 2 (August 2015): 442-447.  Full Text
    • Zhang, J, Grimm, LJ, Lo, JY, Johnson, KS, Ghate, SV, Walsh, R, and Mazurowski, MA. "Does Breast Imaging Experience During Residency Translate Into Improved Initial Performance in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis?." Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 12, no. 7 (July 2015): 728-732.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Desser, TS, Bailey, JE, and Maxfield, CM. "Applicant to Residency Program Translation Guide." Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR 12, no. 6 (June 2015): 622-623.  Full Text
    • Engstrom, BI, Grimm, LJ, Ronald, J, Smith, TP, and Kim, CY. "Accessory veins in nonmaturing autogenous arteriovenous fistulae: analysis of anatomic features and impact on fistula maturation." Seminars in dialysis 28, no. 3 (May 2015): E30-E34.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Anderson, AL, Baker, JA, Johnson, KS, Walsh, R, Yoon, SC, and Ghate, SV. "Interobserver Variability Between Breast Imagers Using the Fifth Edition of the BI-RADS MRI Lexicon." AJR. American journal of roentgenology 204, no. 5 (May 2015): 1120-1124.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Johnson, KS, Marcom, PK, Baker, JA, and Soo, MS. "Can breast cancer molecular subtype help to select patients for preoperative MR imaging?." Radiology 274, no. 2 (February 2015): 352-358.  Full Text
    • Engstrom, BI, Grimm, LJ, Ronald, J, Smith, TP, and Kim, CY. "Accessory Veins in Nonmaturing Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistulae: Analysis of Anatomic Features and Impact on Fistula Maturation." Seminars in Dialysis 28, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): E30-E34.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Nagler, A, and Maxfield, CM. "Survey of the incidence and effect of major life events on graduate medical education trainees." Medical Education Online 20 (January 2015): 27597-null.  Full Text  Open Access Copy
    • Grimm, LJ, Nagler, A, and Maxfield, CM. "Survey of the incidence and effect of major life events on graduate medical education trainees." Medical education online 20, no. 1 (January 2015): 27597-.  Full Text
    • Mazurowski, MA, Grimm, LJ, Zhang, J, Marcom, PK, Yoon, SC, Kim, C, Ghate, SV, and Johnson, KS. "Recurrence-free survival in breast cancer is associated with MRI tumor enhancement dynamics quantified using computer algorithms." European Journal of Radiology 84, no. 11 (2015): 2117-2122.  Full Text
    • Mazurowski, MA, Zhang, J, Grimm, LJ, Yoon, SC, and Silber, JI. "Radiogenomic analysis of breast cancer: luminal B molecular subtype is associated with enhancement dynamics at MR imaging." Radiology 273, no. 2 (November 2014): 365-372.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Kuzmiak, CM, Ghate, SV, Yoon, SC, and Mazurowski, MA. "Radiology resident mammography training: interpretation difficulty and error-making patterns." Academic radiology 21, no. 7 (July 2014): 888-892.  Full Text
    • Grimm, L, and Maxfield, C. "A proposal to reduce misrepresentation of medical student research activities in ERAS." Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 89, no. 6 (June 2014): 833-. (Letter)  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Shapiro, LM, Singhapricha, T, Mazurowski, MA, Desser, TS, and Maxfield, CM. "Predictors of an academic career on radiology residency applications." Academic Radiology 21, no. 5 (May 2014): 685-690.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Ghate, SV, Yoon, SC, Kuzmiak, CM, Kim, C, and Mazurowski, MA. "Predicting error in detecting mammographic masses among radiology trainees using statistical models based on BI-RADS features." Medical physics 41, no. 3 (March 2014): 031909-.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Ghate, SV, Yoon, SC, Kuzmiak, CM, Kim, C, and Mazurowski, MA. "Predicting error in detecting mammographic masses among radiology trainees using statistical models based on BI-RADS features." Medical Physics 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2014).  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Shapiro, LM, Singhapricha, T, Mazurowski, MA, Desser, TS, and Maxfield, CM. "Predictors of an academic career on radiology residency applications." Academic Radiology 21, no. 5 (January 1, 2014): 685-690.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, and Maxfield, CM. "Ultimate publication rate of unpublished manuscripts listed on radiology residency applications at one institution." Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 88, no. 11 (November 2013): 1719-1722.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Engstrom, BI, Nelson, RC, and Kim, CY. "Incidental detection of nutcracker phenomenon on multidetector CT in an asymptomatic population: prevalence and associated findings." J Comput Assist Tomogr 37, no. 3 (May 2013): 415-418.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Wang, YE, Liu, M, Jin, L, Lungren, MP, Grimm, LJ, Zhang, Z, and Maxfield, CM. "Radiology education in China." Journal of the American College of Radiology : Jacr 10, no. 3 (March 2013): 213-219.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, and Coleman, RE. "Assessing the utility of the ventilation phase in ventilation-perfusion imaging for acute pulmonary embolism." Nuclear medicine communications 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 1-4.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, and Maxfield, CM. "Ultimate publication rate of unpublished manuscripts listed on radiology residency applications at one institution." Academic Medicine 88, no. 11 (2013): 1719-1722.  Full Text
    • Wang, YE, Liu, M, Jin, L, Lungren, MP, Grimm, LJ, Zhang, Z, and Maxfield, CM. "Radiology education in China." Journal of the American College of Radiology 10, no. 3 (2013): 213-219.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Feuerlein, S, Bashir, M, and Nelson, RC. "Effectiveness of a breath-hold monitoring system in improving the reproducibility of different breath-hold positions in multiphasic CT imaging." Clinical imaging 36, no. 6 (November 2012): 754-757.  Full Text
    • Feuerlein, S, Grimm, LJ, Davenport, MS, Haystead, CM, Miller, CM, Neville, AM, and Jaffe, TA. "Can the localization of primary colonic tumors be improved by staging CT without specific bowel preparation compared to optical colonoscopy?." European journal of radiology 81, no. 10 (October 2012): 2538-2542.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Cornfeld, D, and Mojibian, HR. "The effect of left-sided versus right-sided contrast infusion on attenuation of the main pulmonary artery when performing computed tomography angiograms of the chest." Journal of computer assisted tomography 34, no. 1 (January 2010): 52-57.  Full Text

  • Book Sections

    • Obeng-Gyasi, S, Grimm, LJ, Hwang, ES, Klimberg, VS, and Bland, KI. "Indications and techniques for biopsy." In The Breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases, 377-385.e2. August 24, 2017.  Full Text

  • Conference Papers

    • Plichta, JK, Vernia, H, Grimm, LJ, Sergesketter, AR, Thomas, SM, Hwang, S, and Plichta, RP. "It's Not You, It's Me: The Influence of Surgeon Gender on Patient Satisfaction Scores." Owen Wangensteen Scientific Forum / Annual Clinical Congress of the American-College-of-Surgeons (ACS). Boston, MA. October 21, 2018 - October 25, 2018.: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, October 1, 2018.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Force, J, Holl, E, Brown, M, Marcom, PK, Grimm, L, Boczkowski, D, Frazier, V, Herndon, JE, Bigner, DD, Hwang, E-SS, Gromeier, M, and Nair, S. "Recombinant oncolytic poliovirus combined with checkpoint blockade for breast cancer therapy." : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), May 20, 2018.  Full Text
    • Saha, A, Zhang, J, Ghate, SV, Grimm, LJ, Cain, EH, Zhu, Z, and Mazurowski, MA. "Convolutional encoder-decoder for breast mass segmentation in digital breast tomosynthesis." Computer-Aided Diagnosis. February 10, 2018 - February 15, 2018.: SPIE, February 27, 2018.  Full Text
    • Lo, JY, Grimm, LJ, Mazurowski, MA, Baker, JA, Marks, JR, King, LM, Maley, CC, Hwang, E-SS, and Shi, B. "Prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ using deep learning features." February 2018.  Link to Item
    • Hou, R, Shi, B, Grimm, LJ, Mazurowski, MA, Marks, JR, King, LM, Maley, CC, Shelley Hwang, E, and Lo, JY. "Improving classification with forced labeling of other related classes: Application to prediction of upstaged ductal carcinoma in situ using mammographic features." January 1, 2018.  Full Text
    • Saha, A, Harowicz, MR, Grimm, LJ, Kim, CE, Ghate, SV, Walsh, R, and Mazurowski, MA. "Association of high proliferation marker Ki-67 expression with DCEMR imaging features of breast: A large scale evaluation." January 1, 2018.  Full Text
    • Shi, B, Hou, R, Mazurowski, MA, Grimm, LJ, Ren, Y, Marks, JR, King, LM, Maley, CC, Hwang, ES, and Lo, JY. "Learning better deep features for the prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ through transfer learning." January 1, 2018.  Full Text
    • Zhu, Z, Harowicz, M, Zhang, J, Saha, A, Grimm, LJ, Hwang, S, and Mazurowski, MA. "Deep learning-based features of breast MRI for prediction of occult invasive disease following a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: Preliminary data." January 1, 2018.  Full Text
    • Shi, B, Grimm, LJ, Mazurowski, MA, Marks, JR, King, LM, Maley, CC, Hwang, ES, and Lo, JY. "Prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ using computer-extracted mammographic features." January 1, 2017.  Full Text
    • Shi, B, Grimm, LJ, Mazurowski, MA, Marks, JR, King, LM, Maley, CC, Hwang, ES, and Lo, JY. "Can upstaging of ductal carcinoma in situ be predicted at biopsy by histologic and mammographic features?." January 1, 2017.  Full Text
    • Wang, M, Zhang, J, Grimm, LJ, Ghate, SV, Walsh, R, Johnson, KS, Lo, JY, and Mazurowski, MA. "Identification of error making patterns in lesion detection on digital breast tomosynthesis using computer-extracted image features." January 1, 2016.  Full Text
    • Grimm, LJ, Zhang, J, Johnson, KS, Lo, JY, and Mazurowski, MA. "Incorporating breast tomosynthesis into radiology residency: Does trainee experience in breast imaging translate into improved performance with this new modality?." January 1, 2015.  Full Text

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