Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Therapeutic Medical Physics, American Board of Radiology 2012 - 2021
  • Medical Physics Faculty, Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System 2009 - 2011
  • Ph.D., Duke University 2009
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2021
  • Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2020
  • Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2015 - 2020
  • Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2011 - 2015
• Recognition
• 

  Awards & Honors

  • Fellow. American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). January 2020
  • Director’s Award for Exemplary Service. Duke Medical Physics Program. 2019
  • Thomas Gorrie Clinical Leadership Impact Award. Duke Clinical Leadership Program (DCLP). 2019
  • Excellence in Mentorship Award. Duke Medical Physics Program. 2015
  • ASTRO Annual Meeting Basic Science Abstract Award. American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). 2010
  • Excellence in Research Award. Duke Medical Physics Program. 2008
  • Excellence in Research Award. Duke Medical Physics Program. 2006
  • Distinguished Graduate Award . Tsinghua University. 2003
• Expertise
• 

  Subject Headings

  • 4d Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Deep Learning
  • Image Synthesis
  • Image reconstruction
  • Image registration
  • Image-guided radiation therapy
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Simulation Tools for 3D and 4D CT and Dosimetry awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2024
  • Hybrid virtual-MRI/CBCT: A new paradigm for image guidance in liver SBRT awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2023
  • Developing a workflow for clinical evaluation of a hybrid virtual-MRI/CBCT system for precision image guidance in radiation therapy awarded by Varian Medical Systems, Inc. 2020 - 2022
  • A Limited-angle Intra-fractional Verification (LIVE) System for SBRT Treatments awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2020
  • A synchronized moving grid (SMOG) system to improve CBCT for IGRT and ART awarded by Indiana University 2016 - 2017
  • A synchronized moving grid system to improve CBCT for IGRT and ART awarded by Georgia Regents University 2013 - 2016
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Zhang, Zeyu, Mi Huang, Zhuoran Jiang, Yushi Chang, Jordan Torok, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “4D radiomics: impact of 4D-CBCT image quality on radiomic analysis.” Phys Med Biol 66, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 045023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/abd668.
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    • Sun, Leshan, Zhuoran Jiang, Yushi Chang, and Lei Ren. “Building a patient-specific model using transfer learning for four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography augmentation.” Quant Imaging Med Surg 11, no. 2 (February 2021): 540–55. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-655.
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    • Teng, Xinzhi, Yingxuan Chen, Yawei Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Respiratory deformation registration in 4D-CT/cone beam CT using deep learning.” Quant Imaging Med Surg 11, no. 2 (February 2021): 737–48. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-19-1058.
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    • Jiang, Zhuoran, Fang-Fang Yin, Yun Ge, and Lei Ren. “Enhancing digital tomosynthesis (DTS) for lung radiotherapy guidance using patient-specific deep learning model.” Phys Med Biol 66, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 035009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/abcde8.
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    • Dai, Xianjin, Yang Lei, Yingzi Liu, Tonghe Wang, Lei Ren, Walter J. Curran, Pretesh Patel, Tian Liu, and Xiaofeng Yang. “Intensity non-uniformity correction in MR imaging using residual cycle generative adversarial network.” Phys Med Biol 65, no. 21 (November 27, 2020): 215025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/abb31f.
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    • Sun, Wenzheng, Qichun Wei, Lei Ren, Jun Dang, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Adaptive respiratory signal prediction using dual multi-layer perceptron neural networks.” Phys Med Biol 65, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 185005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/abb170.
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    • Harris, Wendy, Fang-Fang Yin, Jing Cai, and Lei Ren. “Volumetric cine magnetic resonance imaging (VC-MRI) using motion modeling, free-form deformation and multi-slice undersampled 2D cine MRI reconstructed with spatio-temporal low-rank decomposition.” Quant Imaging Med Surg 10, no. 2 (February 2020): 432–50. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims.2019.12.10.
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    • Jiang, Zhuoran, Fang-Fang Yin, Yun Ge, and Lei Ren. “A multi-scale framework with unsupervised joint training of convolutional neural networks for pulmonary deformable image registration.” Phys Med Biol 65, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 015011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab5da0.
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    • Jia, Xun, Lei Ren, and Jing Cai. “Clinical implementation of AI technologies will require interpretable AI models.” Med Phys 47, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13891.
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    • Jiang, Zhuoran, Yingxuan Chen, Yawei Zhang, Yun Ge, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Augmentation of CBCT Reconstructed From Under-Sampled Projections Using Deep Learning.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 38, no. 11 (November 2019): 2705–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2019.2912791.
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    • Chen, Yingxuan, Fang-Fang Yin, Zhuoran Jiang, and Lei Ren. “Daily edge deformation prediction using an unsupervised convolutional neural network model for low dose prior contour based total variation CBCT reconstruction (PCTV-CNN).” Biomed Phys Eng Express 5, no. 6 (October 2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ab446b.
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    • Shieh, Chun-Chien, Yesenia Gonzalez, Bin Li, Xun Jia, Simon Rit, Cyril Mory, Matthew Riblett, et al. “SPARE: Sparse-view reconstruction challenge for 4D cone-beam CT from a 1-min scan.” Med Phys 46, no. 9 (September 2019): 3799–3811. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13687.
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    • Pham, Jonathan, Wendy Harris, Wenzheng Sun, Zi Yang, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Predicting real-time 3D deformation field maps (DFM) based on volumetric cine MRI (VC-MRI) and artificial neural networks for on-board 4D target tracking: a feasibility study.” Phys Med Biol 64, no. 16 (August 21, 2019): 165016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab359a.
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    • Liu, Yingzi, Yang Lei, Tonghe Wang, Oluwatosin Kayode, Sibo Tian, Tian Liu, Pretesh Patel, Walter J. Curran, Lei Ren, and Xiaofeng Yang. “MRI-based treatment planning for liver stereotactic body radiotherapy: validation of a deep learning-based synthetic CT generation method.” Br J Radiol 92, no. 1100 (August 2019): 20190067. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190067.
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    • Liu, Yingzi, Yang Lei, Yinan Wang, Tonghe Wang, Lei Ren, Liyong Lin, Mark McDonald, et al. “MRI-based treatment planning for proton radiotherapy: dosimetric validation of a deep learning-based liver synthetic CT generation method.” Phys Med Biol 64, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 145015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab25bc.
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    • Chen, Yingxuan, Fang-Fang Yin, Yawei Zhang, You Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Low dose cone-beam computed tomography reconstruction via hybrid prior contour based total variation regularization (hybrid-PCTV).” Quant Imaging Med Surg 9, no. 7 (July 2019): 1214–28. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims.2019.06.02.
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    • Zhang, You, Michael R. Folkert, Xiaokun Huang, Lei Ren, Jeffrey Meyer, Joubin Nasehi Tehrani, Robert Reynolds, and Jing Wang. “Enhancing liver tumor localization accuracy by prior-knowledge-guided motion modeling and a biomechanical model.” Quant Imaging Med Surg 9, no. 7 (July 2019): 1337–49. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims.2019.07.04.
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    • Ding, George X., Yawei Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Technical Note: Imaging dose resulting from optimized procedures with limited-angle intrafractional verification system during stereotactic body radiation therapy lung treatment.” Med Phys 46, no. 6 (June 2019): 2709–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13511.
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    • Zhang, Yawei, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “First clinical retrospective investigation of limited projection CBCT for lung tumor localization in patients receiving SBRT treatment.” Phys Med Biol 64, no. 10 (May 8, 2019): 10NT01. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab1c0c.
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    • Dubey, Abhishek, Alexandros-Stavros Iliopoulos, Xiaobai Sun, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Iterative inversion of deformation vector fields with feedback control.” Med Phys 45, no. 7 (July 2018): 3147–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12962.
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    • Harris, Wendy, Chunhao Wang, Fang-Fang Yin, Jing Cai, and Lei Ren. “A Novel method to generate on-board 4D MRI using prior 4D MRI and on-board kV projections from a conventional LINAC for target localization in liver SBRT.” Med Phys 45, no. 7 (July 2018): 3238–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12998.
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    • Chen, Yingxuan, Fang-Fang Yin, Yawei Zhang, You Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Low dose CBCT reconstruction via prior contour based total variation (PCTV) regularization: a feasibility study.” Phys Med Biol 63, no. 8 (April 19, 2018): 085014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aab68d.
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    • Bootsma, Gregory J., Lei Ren, Hong Zhang, Jian-Yue Jin, and David A. Jaffray. “Monte Carlo analysis of beam blocking grid design parameters: Scatter estimation and the importance of electron backscatter.” Med Phys 45, no. 3 (March 2018): 1059–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12756.
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    • Gao, Hao, Yawei Zhang, Lei Ren, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Principal component reconstruction (PCR) for cine CBCT with motion learning from 2D fluoroscopy.” Med Phys 45, no. 1 (January 2018): 167–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12671.
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    • Zhang, Yawei, Xinchen Deng, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Image acquisition optimization of a limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for lung radiotherapy.” Med Phys 45, no. 1 (January 2018): 340–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12647.
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    • Harris, Wendy, Fang-Fang Yin, Chunhao Wang, You Zhang, Jing Cai, and Lei Ren. “Accelerating volumetric cine MRI (VC-MRI) using undersampling for real-time 3D target localization/tracking in radiation therapy: a feasibility study.” Phys Med Biol 63, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 01NT01. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa9746.
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    • Mao, Ronghu, Lingling Tian, You Zhang, Lei Ren, Renqi Gao, Fang-Fang Yin, and Hong Ge. “Dosimetric Analysis of Microscopic Disease in SBRT for Lung Cancers.” Technol Cancer Res Treat 16, no. 6 (December 2017): 1113–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617734689.
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    • Wang, Chunhao, Fang-Fang Yin, W. P. Segars, Zheng Chang, and Lei Ren. “Development of a Computerized 4-D MRI Phantom for Liver Motion Study.” Technol Cancer Res Treat 16, no. 6 (December 2017): 1051–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617723753.
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    • Zhang, You, Lei Ren, Irina Vergalasova, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Clinical Study of Orthogonal-View Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis for Lung Tumor Localization.” Technol Cancer Res Treat 16, no. 6 (December 2017): 866–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617705716.
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    • Sun, W. Z., M. Y. Jiang, L. Ren, J. Dang, T. You, and F. -. F. Yin. “Respiratory signal prediction based on adaptive boosting and multi-layer perceptron neural network.” Phys Med Biol 62, no. 17 (August 3, 2017): 6822–35. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa7cd4.
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    • Zhang, Yawei, Fang-Fang Yin, You Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Reducing scan angle using adaptive prior knowledge for a limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for conformal arc radiotherapy.” Phys Med Biol 62, no. 9 (May 7, 2017): 3859–82. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa6913.
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    • Harris, Wendy, You Zhang, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Estimating 4D-CBCT from prior information and extremely limited angle projections using structural PCA and weighted free-form deformation for lung radiotherapy.” Med Phys 44, no. 3 (March 2017): 1089–1104. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12102.
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    • Zhang, Lei, Yawei Zhang, You Zhang, Wendy B. Harris, Fang-Fang Yin, Jing Cai, and Lei Ren. “Markerless Four-Dimensional-Cone Beam Computed Tomography Projection-Phase Sorting Using Prior Knowledge and Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study.” Cancer Transl Med 3, no. 6 (2017): 185–93.
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    • Xin-Ye, Ni, Lei Ren, Hui Yan, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Sensitivity of 3D Dose Verification to Multileaf Collimator Misalignments in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Spinal Tumor.” Technol Cancer Res Treat 15, no. 6 (December 2016): NP25–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034615610251.
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    • Harris, Wendy, Lei Ren, Jing Cai, You Zhang, Zheng Chang, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A Technique for Generating Volumetric Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 95, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 844–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.011.
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    • Ren, Lei, Yingxuan Chen, You Zhang, William Giles, Jianyue Jin, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Scatter Reduction and Correction for Dual-Source Cone-Beam CT Using Prepatient Grids.” Technol Cancer Res Treat 15, no. 3 (June 2016): 416–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034615587615.
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    • Zhang, Hong, Lei Ren, Vic Kong, William Giles, You Zhang, and Jian-Yue Jin. “An interprojection sensor fusion approach to estimate blocked projection signal in synchronized moving grid-based CBCT system.” Med Phys 43, no. 1 (January 2016): 268. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4937934.
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    • Zhang, You, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Dosimetric verification of lung cancer treatment using the CBCTs estimated from limited-angle on-board projections.” Med Phys 42, no. 8 (August 2015): 4783–95. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926559.
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    • Zhang, You, Fang-Fang Yin, Tinsu Pan, Irina Vergalasova, and Lei Ren. “Preliminary clinical evaluation of a 4D-CBCT estimation technique using prior information and limited-angle projections.” Radiother Oncol 115, no. 1 (April 2015): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.02.022.
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    • Ren, Lei, You Zhang, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for radiation therapy.” Med Phys 41, no. 2 (February 2014): 020701. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4861820.
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    • Zhang, You, Fang-Fang Yin, W Paul Segars, and Lei Ren. “A technique for estimating 4D-CBCT using prior knowledge and limited-angle projections.” Med Phys 40, no. 12 (December 2013): 121701. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4825097.
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    • Zhang, You, Lei Ren, C Clifton Ling, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Respiration-phase-matched digital tomosynthesis imaging for moving target verification: a feasibility study.” Med Phys 40, no. 7 (July 2013): 071723. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4810921.
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    • Mayyas, Essa, Indrin J. Chetty, Mikhail Chetvertkov, Ning Wen, Toni Neicu, Teamor Nurushev, Lei Ren, et al. “Evaluation of multiple image-based modalities for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) of prostate carcinoma: a prospective study.” Med Phys 40, no. 4 (April 2013): 041707. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4794502.
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    • Chang, Zheng, Qiuwen Wu, Justus Adamson, Lei Ren, James Bowsher, Hui Yan, Andrew Thomas, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Commissioning and dosimetric characteristics of TrueBeam system: composite data of three TrueBeam machines.” Med Phys 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 6981–7018. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4762682.
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    • Li, Hao, William Giles, Lei Ren, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Implementation of dual-energy technique for virtual monochromatic and linearly mixed CBCTs.” Med Phys 39, no. 10 (October 2012): 6056–64. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4752212.
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    • Ren, Lei, Fang-Fang Yin, Indrin J. Chetty, David A. Jaffray, and Jian-Yue Jin. “Feasibility study of a synchronized-moving-grid (SMOG) system to improve image quality in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).” Med Phys 39, no. 8 (August 2012): 5099–5110. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736826.
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    • Chang, Zheng, James Bowsher, Jing Cai, Sua Yoo, Zhiheng Wang, Justus Adamson, Lei Ren, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Imaging system QA of a medical accelerator, Novalis Tx, for IGRT per TG 142: our 1 year experience.” J Appl Clin Med Phys 13, no. 4 (July 5, 2012): 3754. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i4.3754.
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    • Chang, Z., Q. Wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-104: Commissioning and Dosimetric Characteristics of TrueBeam System: Composite Data of Three TrueBeam Machines.” Med Phys 39, no. 6Part11 (June 2012): 3726. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735162.
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    • Kim, Jinkoo, Ning Wen, Jian-Yue Jin, Nicole Walls, Sangroh Kim, Haisen Li, Lei Ren, et al. “Clinical commissioning and use of the Novalis Tx linear accelerator for SRS and SBRT.” J Appl Clin Med Phys 13, no. 3 (May 10, 2012): 3729. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3729.
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    • Ren, Lei, Indrin J. Chetty, Junan Zhang, Jian-Yue Jin, Q Jackie Wu, Hui Yan, David M. Brizel, W Robert Lee, Benjamin Movsas, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Development and clinical evaluation of a three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography estimation method using a deformation field map.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82, no. 5 (April 1, 2012): 1584–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.02.002.
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    • Chang, Z., J. Bowsher, J. Cai, S. Yoo, Z. Wang, J. Adamson, L. Ren, and F. F. Yin. “Imaging system QA of a medical accelerator, Novalis Tx, for IGRT per TG 142: Our 1 year experience.” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 113–40. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i4.3754.
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    • Jin, Jian-Yue, Ning Wen, Lei Ren, Carri Glide-Hurst, and Indrin J. Chetty. “Advances in treatment techniques: arc-based and other intensity modulated therapies.” Cancer J 17, no. 3 (May 2011): 166–76. https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0b013e31821f8318.
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    • Jin, Jian-Yue, Feng-Ming Kong, Dezhi Liu, Lei Ren, Haisen Li, Hualiang Zhong, Benjamin Movsas, and Indrin J. Chetty. “A TCP model incorporating setup uncertainty and tumor cell density variation in microscopic extension to guide treatment planning.” Med Phys 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 439–48. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3531543.
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    • Jin, Jian-Yue, Lei Ren, Qiang Liu, Jinkoo Kim, Ning Wen, Huaiqun Guan, Benjamin Movsas, and Indrin J. Chetty. “Combining scatter reduction and correction to improve image quality in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).” Med Phys 37, no. 11 (November 2010): 5634–44. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3497272.
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    • Yoo, Sua, Q Jackie Wu, Devon Godfrey, Hui Yan, Lei Ren, Shiva Das, William R. Lee, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Clinical evaluation of positioning verification using digital tomosynthesis and bony anatomy and soft tissues for prostate image-guided radiotherapy.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 296–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.09.006.
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    • Ren, Lei, Junan Zhang, Danthai Thongphiew, Devon J. Godfrey, Q Jackie Wu, Su-Min Zhou, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A novel digital tomosynthesis (DTS) reconstruction method using a deformation field map.” Med Phys 35, no. 7Part1 (July 2008): 3110–15. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2940725.
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    • Ren, Lei, Devon J. Godfrey, Hui Yan, Q Jackie Wu, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Automatic registration between reference and on-board digital tomosynthesis images for positioning verification.” Med Phys 35, no. 2 (February 2008): 664–72. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2831903.
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    • Yan, Hui, Ren Lei, Jackie Wu, Fu Di, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Evaluation of Image Enhancement Method on Target Registration Using Cone Beam CT in Radiation Therapy.” Clin Med Oncol 2 (2008): 289–99. https://doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s512.
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    • Yan, Hui, Lei Ren, Devon J. Godfrey, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Accelerating reconstruction of reference digital tomosynthesis using graphics hardware.” Med Phys 34, no. 10 (October 2007): 3768–76. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2779945.
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    • Godfrey, Devon J., Lei Ren, Hui Yan, Q. Wu, Sua Yoo, M. Oldham, and Fang Fang Yin. “Evaluation of three types of reference image data for external beam radiotherapy target localization using digital tomosynthesis (DTS).” Med Phys 34, no. 8 (August 2007): 3374–84. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2756941.
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  • Book Sections

    • Godfrey, D. J., L. Ren, Q. J. Wu, and F. F. Yin. “Tomosynthesis applications in radiation oncology.” In Tomosynthesis Imaging, 199–212, 2016.
    • Wu, Q. J., D. J. Godfrey, L. Ren, S. Yoo, and F. Yin. “On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis: An Emerging New Technology for IGRT.” In Image-Guided Radiation Therapy, edited by D. Bourland. CRC Press, 2012.

  • Conference Papers

    • Liu, Y., Y. Lei, T. Wang, J. Zhou, L. Lin, T. Liu, P. Patel, W. J. Curran, L. Ren, and X. Yang. “Liver synthetic CT generation based on dense-cyclegan for MRI-only treatment planning.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging  Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 11313, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549265.
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    • Chang, Y., C. Liu, K. Lafata, C. Wang, Y. Cui, L. Ren, Y. M. Mowery, D. M. Brizel, and F. F. Yin. “PET Radiotherapy Response Assessment Using Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Network and Pre-treatment Information: A Feasibility of Oropharynx Cancer IMRT.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 105:E413–E413. Elsevier BV, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1615.
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    • Ding, G. X., Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Quantifying Imaging Radiation to Patient from Optimized Procedures with LIVE System during SBRT Lung Treatment.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 105:E729–E729. Elsevier BV, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.817.
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    • Chang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Creation of An Ultra-Realistic EXtended Multicontrast ANthropomorphic (XMAN) Digital Phantom Using Cycle-Generative Adversarial Network (Cycle-GAN).” In Medical Physics, 46:E467–E467. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Chang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Creation of An Ultra-Realistic EXtended Multicontrast ANthropomorphic (XMAN) Digital Phantom Using Cycle-Generative Adversarial Network (Cycle-GAN).” In Medical Physics, 46:E464–E464. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Chang, Y., K. Lafata, C. Liu, C. Wang, Y. Cui, L. Ren, X. Li, Y. Mowery, D. Brizel, and F. Yin. “An Encoder-Decoder Based Convolutional Neural Network (ED-CNN) for PET Image Response Prediction Using Pre-RT Information: A Feasibility of Oropharynx Cancer IMRT.” In Medical Physics, 46:E283–E283. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Chen, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Hybrid Virtual MRI/CBCT Generation Using an Unsupervised Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Transfer Learning.” In Medical Physics, 46:E123–E123. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Chen, Y., Z. Jiang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Comparison of a Supervised and An Unsupervised CNN Learning Model for Edge Prediction in Prior Contour Based Total Variation (PCTV) CBCT Reconstruction.” In Medical Physics, 46:E220–E220. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Jiang, Z., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “A Novel Deformable Registration Method Using a Multiscale Framework with Joint Training of Unsupervised Deep Learning Models.” In Medical Physics, 46:E501–E501. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Jiang, Z., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Student Beats the Teacher: Deep Learning Using a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Augmentation of CBCT Reconstructed From Under-Sampled Projections.” In Medical Physics, 46:E222–E222. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Liu, Y., Y. Lei, T. Wang, Y. Wang, O. Kayode, S. Tian, L. Lin, et al. “MRI-Based Treatment Planning for Liver Photon and Proton Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, 46:E318–19. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Pham, J., W. Harris, W. Sun, Z. Yang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Adaptive Boosting and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (ADMLP-NN) for Predicting Real-Time 3D Deformation Field Maps (DFM) for 4D Target Tracking.” In Medical Physics, 46:E501–E501. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Teng, X., Y. Chen, Z. Jiang, Y. Zhao, and L. Ren. “Respiratory Deformation Registration in 4D-CT/CBCT Using Deep Learning.” In Medical Physics, 46:E246–E246. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Zhang, L., F. Yin, L. Ren, W. Harris, and J. Cai. “Five-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (5D-MRI) for Radiation Therapy of Abdominal Cancers.” In Medical Physics, 46:E125–E125. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “First Clinical Investigation of Limited Projection CBCT for Lung Tumor Localization with Patients Receiving Breath-Hold SBRT Treatment.” In Medical Physics, 46:E328–E328. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Zhao, Y., Z. Jiang, X. Teng, and L. Ren. “CBCT Image Quality Augmentation Using Deep Learning Models: A Comparison Study.” In Medical Physics, 46:E121–22. WILEY, 2019.
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    • Chen, Y., F. Yin, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Low Dose CBCT Reconstruction Via Hybrid Prior Contour Based Total Variation Regularization (Hybrid-PCTV).” In Medical Physics, 45:E704–E704. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Chen, Y., K. Lafata, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Daily Edge Deformation Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network Regression for Prior Contour Based Total Variation Reconstruction (PCTV-ANN) for LOW Dose CBCT.” In Medical Physics, 45:E415–E415. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Harris, W., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) Using Motion Modeling, Free-Form Deformation and Multi-Slice Undersampled 2D Cine MRI Reconstructed with Spatio-Temporal Low-Rank Decomposition.” In Medical Physics, 45:E645–46. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Jiang, Z., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Interfraction Motion Modeling (IMM) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for CBCT Image Estimation with Limited Projections.” In Medical Physics, 45:E387–E387. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Liu, T., X. Sun, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Deformable Organ Contour Transfer with Deep Inverse Shape Encoding (DISE) Networks for Auto-Segmentation in Low Contrast Regions.” In Medical Physics, 45:E688–E688. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Liu, X., Y. Zhang, W. Harris, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Clinical Evaluation of a Prior Knowledge-Based 4D-CBCT Estimation Technique for Lung Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, 45:E645–E645. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Ren, G., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Enhancing On-Board Image Contrast Using Prior Images and Deformable Registration for Target Localization: A Feasibility Study.” In Medical Physics, 45:E600–E600. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Rong, Y., L. Ren, and P. Keall. “Motion Management in SBRT: Principles, Advances and Clinical Implementations.” In Medical Physics, 45:E681–E681. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Yang, Z., L. Ren, F. Yin, X. Liang, and J. Cai. “Robust 4D-MRI Sorting with Reduced Artifacts Based on Anatomic Feature Matching.” In Medical Physics, 45:E597–E597. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “First Clinical Investigation of Limited Angle CBCT for Lung Tumor Localization in Breath Hold Patients.” In Medical Physics, 45:E485–E485. WILEY, 2018.
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    • Wang, C., W. Harris, F. F. Yin, Z. Chang, J. Cai, and L. Ren. “A Novel Method of Generating Onboard 4D-MRI for Liver SBRT Target Localization Using Prior 4D-MRI Simulation and Onboard Limited Angle kV Acquisition from a Conventional LINAC.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 99:S126–27. Elsevier BV, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.296.
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    • Ding, G., Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “MV and KV Imagingdose Resulting From 4D Target Verification Using the Limited-AngleIntra-Fractional Verification (LIVE) System for SBRT Lung Treatment.” In Medical Physics, 44:3223–3223. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Floros, D., A. S. Iliopoulos, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, and L. Ren. “Adaptive Medical Image Denoising Over Multiple Anatomical Regions with Edge and Texture Preservation.” In Medical Physics, 44:3265–3265. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Gao, H., Y. Zhang, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Principal Component Reconstruction (PCR) for Cine CBCT with Motion Learning From 2D Fluoroscopy.” In Medical Physics, 44:3010–3010. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Harris, W., C. Wang, F. Yin, J. Cai, and L. Ren. “A Novel Method to Generate On-Board 4D MRI Using Prior 4D MRI and On-Board Limited Angle KV Projections From a Conventional LINAC for Liver SBRT Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 44:3154–55. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Harris, W., C. Wang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “A Technique to Generate Ultrafast Volumetric Cine MRI (UVC-MRI) Through Direct K-Space Matching for On-Board Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 44:3003–4. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Liu, T., D. Floros, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Robust Automatic Co-Segmentation of Multiple Medical Images.” In Medical Physics, 44:3024–25. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Ren, Lei, G. Hugo, D. Low, and W. Yang. “Multi-Modality 4D Imaging: From Principles to Applications.” In Medical Physics, 44:3034–35. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Wang, C., F. Yin, P. Segars, Z. Chang, and L. Ren. “Development of a Computerized 4D MRI Phantom for Liver Motion Study.” In Medical Physics, 44:3027–3027. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Zhang, Y., G. Ding, X. Liu, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Clinical Implementation and Evaluation of a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System for Lung Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 44. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Zhang, Y., J. Meyer, L. Ren, J Nasehi Tehrani, and J. Wang. “Liver 4D-CBCT Imaging by a Motion Modeling and Biomechanical Modeling-Guided Reconstruction Technique (MM-Bio-Recon).” In Medical Physics, 44:3311–3311. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Zhang, Y., X. Deng, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Image Acquisition Optimization of a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System for Lung Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 44. WILEY, 2017.
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    • Harris, W., F. F. Yin, C. Wang, Z. Chang, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Ultrafast Volumetric Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (UVC-MRI) for Real-Time 3-Dimensional Target Localization/Tracking.” In Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 96:E626, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2196.
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    • Harris, W., F. F. Yin, C. Wang, Z. Chang, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Ultrafast Volumetric Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (UVC-MRI) for Real-Time 3-Dimensional Target Localization/Tracking.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 96:E626–E626, 2016.
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    • Lafata, K., J. Cai, L. Ren, Q. Wu, J. C. Hong, C. R. Kelsey, and F. F. Yin. “Development of a Machine Learning Methodology to Estimate Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Dosimetric Endpoints Based on Patient-Specific Anatomic Features.” In Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 96:E420–21, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1687.
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    • Lafata, K., J. Cai, L. Ren, Q. Wu, J. C. Hong, C. R. Kelsey, and F. F. Yin. “Development of a Machine Learning Methodology to Estimate Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Dosimetric Endpoints Based on Patient-Specific Anatomic Features.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 96:E420–21, 2016.
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    • Ding, G., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-G-JeP3-06: Lower KV Image Dose Are Expected From a Limited-Angle Intra-Fractional Verification (LIVE) System for SBRT Treatments.” In Med Phys, 43:3671, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957071.
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    • Dubey, A., A. S. Iliopoulos, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-J-82: A Rapid Direct Method for Inverting Respiratory Deformation Fields.” In Med Phys, 43:3425, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955990.
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    • Dubey, A., A. S. Iliopoulos, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-J-83: Estimation of Deformation Field with Two-Scale Supervoxel Equations.” In Med Phys, 43:3425, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955991.
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    • Harris, W., F. Yin, C. Wang, Z. Chang, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “TH-EF-BRA-08: A Novel Technique for Estimating Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) From Multi-Slice Sparsely Sampled Cine Images Using Motion Modeling and Free Form Deformation.” In Med Phys, 43:3898–99, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958265.
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    • Harris, W., F. Yin, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “SU-G-JeP3-04: Estimating 4D CBCT from Prior Information and Extremely Limited Angle Projections Using Structural PCA and Weighted Free-Form Deformation.” In Med Phys, 43:3671, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957069.
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    • Iliopoulos, A. S., D. Floros, Y. Zhang, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-I-10: Spatially Local Statistics for Adaptive Image Filtering.” In Med Phys, 43:3388, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955838.
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    • Iliopoulos, A. S., N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-J-138: An Extension of PCA-Based Respiratory Deformation Modeling Via Multi-Linear Decomposition.” In Med Phys, 43:3439, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4956046.
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    • Lafata, K., L. Ren, J. Cai, and F. Yin. “SU-G-JeP3-01: A Method to Quantify Lung SBRT Target Localization Accuracy Based On Digitally Reconstructed Fluoroscopy.” In Med Phys, 43:3670, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957066.
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    • Lafata, K., L. Ren, Q. Wu, C. Kelsey, J. Hong, J. Cai, and F. Yin. “SU-D-204-01: A Methodology Based On Machine Learning and Quantum Clustering to Predict Lung SBRT Dosimetric Endpoints From Patient Specific Anatomic Features.” In Med Phys, 43:3332, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955606.
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    • Ren, L. “TH-C-BRC-03: Emerging Linac Based SRS/SBRT Technologies with Modulated Arc Delivery.” In Med Phys, 43:3872, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958138.
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    • Ren, Lei. “TH-C-BRC-00: Emerging Technologies in SRS/SBRT Delivery.” In Med Phys, 43:3872, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958135.
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    • Wang, C., F. Yin, W. Harris, J. Cai, Z. Chang, and L. Ren. “TU-AB-BRA-09: A Novel Method of Generating Ultrafast Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) Using Prior 4D-MRI and On-Board Phase-Skipped Encoding Acquisition for Radiotherapy Target Localization.” In Med Phys, 43:3735, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957419.
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    • Zawisza, I., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-G-JeP4-02: An Investigation of Respiratory Surrogate Motion Data Requirements for Multiple-Step Ahead Prediction.” In Med Phys, 43:3681, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957112.
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    • Zhang, L., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, W. Harris, J. Cai, and L. Ren. “TH-EF-BRA-02: A Novel Markerless 4D CBCT Projection Phase Sorting Technique Using Prior Knowledge and Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study.” In Med Phys, 43:3897, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958259.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-DE-BRA-01: SCIENCE COUNCIL JUNIOR INVESTIGATOR COMPETITION WINNER: Acceleration of a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System Using Adaptive Prior Knowledge Based Image Estimation.” In Med Phys, 43:3812, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957830.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. F. Yin, I. Vergalasova, and L. Ren. “Phase-matched DTS Imaging for Lung Tumor Localization.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 93:E600–E600. Elsevier BV, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2079.
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    • Crockett, E., M. Oldham, and L. Ren. “SU-E-T-341: DVH-Based Comparison of True 3D Measurements to a Delta4 System.” In Med Phys, 42:3411, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924702.
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    • Gao, R., H. Wang, Y. Zhang, R. Mao, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-E-I-40: Phantom Research On Monochromatic Images Taken by Dual CBCT with Multiple Energy Sets.” In Med Phys, 42:3250, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924037.
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    • Harris, W., F. Yin, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “WE-G-BRD-06: Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) Estimated Based On Prior Knowledge for On-Board Target Localization.” In Med Phys, 42:3689, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926062.
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    • Harris, W., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “TH-CD-303-06: Deformable Registration-Based Image Estimation Method for 4D CBCT Using Region-Based PCA.” In Med Phys, 42:3729, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926241.
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    • Iliopoulos, A. S., N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-AB-303-09: Rapid Projection Computations for On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis in Radiation Therapy.” In Med Phys, 42:3658, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925874.
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    • Iliopoulos, A. S., Y. Zhang, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-D-303-06: Multi-Layer Spectral Analysis for Tensor Structure Encoding of 4D Deformation Field Data.” In Med Phys, 42:3669, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925941.
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    • Mao, R., Y. Zhang, L. Ren, L. Tian, R. Gao, H. Ge, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-293: Dosimetric Analysis of Microscopic Disease in SBRT for Lung Cancers.” In Med Phys, 42:3400, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924655.
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    • Ren, L. “TH-D-BRD-01: X-Ray Based Real Time Imaging Verification.” In Med Phys, 42:3738, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926279.
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    • Zawisza, I., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “TH-AB-303-02: An Investigation of Respiratory Signal Parameters for Multiple-Step Ahead Prediction of Surrogate Motion.” In Med Phys, 42:3711, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926157.
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    • Zhang, H., L. Ren, V. Kong, Y. Zhang, W. Giles, and J. Jin. “WE-EF-207-04: An Inter-Projection Sensor Fusion (IPSF) Approach to Estimate Missing Projection Signal in Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) System.” In Med Phys, 42:3681, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926011.
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    • Zhang, H., L. Ren, V. Kong, Y. Zhang, W. Giles, and J. Jin. “WE-EF-207-08: Improve Cone Beam CT Using a Synchronized Moving Grid, An Inter-Projection Sensor Fusion and a Probability Total Variation Reconstruction.” In Med Phys, 42:3682, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926015.
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    • Zhang, L., Y. Zhang, W. Harris, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-E-J-26: A Novel Technique for Markerless Self-Sorted 4D-CBCT Using Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study.” In Med Phys, 42:3269, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924113.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, R. Mao, R. Gao, and L. Ren. “WE-AB-303-01: FEATURED PRESENTATION: A Dual-Detector Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging Scheme Using Aggregated KV and MV Projections for Intra-Treatment Lung Tumor Tracking.” In Med Phys, 42:3655, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925866.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-D-303-05: Dosimetric Accuracy of CBCT Images Estimated by a Motion Modeling and Free-Form Deformation Technique for Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer.” In Med Phys, 42:3669, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925940.
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    • Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “Dosimetric Evaluation of a Limited-angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 90:S25–S25. Elsevier BV, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.123.
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    • Zhang, Hong, Fengchong Kong, Lei Ren, and Jian-Yue Jin. “An Inter-Projection Interpolation (IPI) Approach with Geometric Model Restriction to Reduce Image Dose in Cone Beam CT (CBCT).” In Comput Model Objects Present Images (2014), 8641:12–23, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09994-1_2.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, T. Pan, I. Vergalasova, and L. Ren. “Lung 4D-CBCT Reconstruction Using Prior Information and Limited-Angle Projections: Phantom and Patient Studies.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 90:S835–S835. Elsevier BV, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2399.
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    • Ashmeg, S., J. Jackson, Y. Zhang, M. Oldham, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-E-T-472: A Multi-Dimensional Measurements Comparison to Analyze a 3D Patient Specific QA Tool.” In Med Phys, 41:335, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888805.
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    • Ashmeg, S., J. Jackson, Y. Zhang, M. Oldham, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “A Multi-Dimensional Measurements Comparison to Analyze a 3D Patient Specific QA Tool.” In Medical Physics, 41:335–335. WILEY, 2014.
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    • Ashmeg, S., Y. Zhang, J. O’ Daniel, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-E-T-159: Evaluation of a Patient Specific QA Tool Based On TG119.” In Med Phys, 41:259, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888488.
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    • Chen, Y., Y. Zhang, W. Giles, J. Jin, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “TH-A-18C-05: Scatter Reduction and Correction for Dual-Source CBCT Using the Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) System.” In Med Phys, 41:541, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4889564.
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    • Harris, W., Y. Zhang, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-E-J-246: A Deformation-Field Map Based Liver 4D CBCT Reconstruction Method Using Gold Nanoparticles as Constraints.” In Med Phys, 41:214, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888300.
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    • Kong, V., H. Zhang, L. Ren, and J. Jin. “SU-E-I-08: An Inpaint-Based Interpolation Technique to Recover Blocked Information for Cone Beam CT with a Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG).” In Med Phys, 41:131, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887956.
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    • Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “SU-E-I-56: Scan Angle Reduction for a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System.” In Med Phys, 41:143, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888006.
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    • Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “Scan Angle Reduction for a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System.” In Medical Physics, 41:143–143. WILEY, 2014.
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    • Xu, X., A. Iliopoulos, Y. Zhang, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-D-18A-02: Towards Real-Time On-Board Volumetric Image Reconstruction for Intrafraction Target Verification in Radiation Therapy.” In Med Phys, 41:118, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887902.
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    • Zhang, H., V. Kong, L. Ren, and J. Jin. “SU-D-12A-01: An Inter-Projection Interpolation (IPI) Approach for the Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) to Reduce Dose in Cone Beam CT.” In Med Phys, 41:123–24, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887925.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-G-BRF-03: A Quasi-Cine CBCT Reconstruction Technique for Real-Time On- Board Target Tracking of Lung Cancer Treatment.” In Med Phys, 41:522, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4889496.
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    • Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-D-17A-01: Geometric and Dosimetric Evaluation of a 4D-CBCT Reconstruction Technique Using Prior Knowledge.” In Med Phys, 41:116, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887894.
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    • Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “A Limited-Angle Intrafractional Verification (LIVE) System for Intrafractional Positioning Verification of Lung SBRT Treatment.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 87:S145–46. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.375.
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    • Turner, K., Y. Zhang, I. Vergalasova, L. Ren, P. Segars, F. Yin, and J. Cai. “Breathing Irregularity-Induced Uncertainties in Patient Positioning of Lung SBRT: An Investigation Based on a Digital Human Phantom.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 87:S681–S681. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1807.
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    • Yan, S., J. Bowsher, W. Giles, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “A Simulation Study of Treatment Verification Using On-Board Multipinhole SPECT.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 87:S707–S707. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1873.
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    • Ren, L., Y. Zhang, Y. Yang, J. Adamson, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-196: Pretreatment Patient Clinical Objective IMRT Quality Assurance Using a 3D Diode Array.” In Med Phys, 40:249, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4814631.
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    • Turner, K., Y. Zhang, I. Vergalasova, L. Ren, P. Segars, C. Kelsey, D. Yoo, F. Yin, and J. Cai. “MO-F-WAB-11: Investigation of CBCT-Based Patient Positioning Accuracy in Lung SBRT: Correlation with Breathing Irregularity.” In Med Phys, 40:412, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815300.
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    • Wu, Q., Z. Chang, J. Adamson, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-560: A Method to Determine Optimal Dynamic MLC Parameters for Varian Truebeam with Millennium MLC and HDMLC.” In Med Phys, 40:334, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4814989.
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    • Zhang, Y., L. Ren, C. Ling, and F. Yin. “WE-A-134-04: Comprehensive Evaluation of a Respiration-Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging Technique for Monitoring Moving Targets.” In Med Phys, 40:469–70, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815510.
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    • Zhang, Y., P. Segars, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “TU-G-141-03: An On-Board 4D-CBCT Reconstruction Technique Using Limited-Angle Projections Based On Motion Modeling and Free-Form Deformation (MM-FD).” In Med Phys, 40:456, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815463.
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    • Zou, G., L. Ren, J. Kim, D. Jaffray, I. Chetty, and J. Jin. “WE-G-141-07: Feasibility of Using a Grid to Detect and Correct the Geometric Variations in Flat-Panel Based Cone Beam CT.” In Med Phys, 40:509, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815658.
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    • Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “Phase/Amplitude-matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging for Moving Target Localization.” In Pract Radiat Oncol, 3:S20–21, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prro.2013.01.070.
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    • Ren, L., J. O’Daniel, J. Adamson, H. Yan, and F. Yin. “Can Standard Radiation Therapy Quality Assurance (QA) Detect Potential Delivery Errors?” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 84:S779–S779. Elsevier BV, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2084.
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    • Chang, Z., Q. Wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “Assessing Effects of Ion Collection Efficiency in Flattening Filter-Free (FFF) Beams On Three TrueBeam Machines.” In Medical Physics, 39:3719–3719, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735130.
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    • Huang, C., L. Ren, J. Kirkpatrick, and Z. Wang. “SU-E-T-645: Treatment of Multiple Brain Metastases Using Stereotactic Radiosurgery with Single-Isocenter Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy: Comparison with Conventional Dynamic Conformal Arc and Static Beam Stereotactic Radiosurgery.” In Med Phys, 39:3854, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735734.
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    • Jin, J., L. Ren, J. Kim, S. Kim, B. Movsas, D. Jaffrey, and I. Chetty. “A Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) to Detect and Correct Imaging Lag in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Simulation Study.” In Medical Physics, 39:3893–3893, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735890.
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    • Li, H., W. Giles, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “Dual-Energy CBCT Imaging for Metal Artifact Reduction and Contrast Enhancement.” In Medical Physics, 39:4017–4017, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736387.
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    • O’Daniel, J., L. Ren, H. Yan, and F. Yin. “A Protocol for Comprehensive Acceptance/Commissioning of Complex 3D QA Devices.” In Medical Physics, 39:3718–3718, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735126.
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    • Ren, L., J. Jin, and F. Yin. “Contrast-To-Noise Ratio (CNR) Enhancement and Lag Correction in Cone Beam CT (CBCT) Using a Synchronized-MOving-Grid (SMOG) System.” In Medical Physics, 39:3890–91, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735881.
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    • Zhang, Y., L. Ren, I. Vergalasova, J. Cai, and F. Yin. “Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging for Simultaneous Target Verification During Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Treatment.” In Medical Physics, 39:3889–90, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735877.
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    • Ren, L., J. Jin, B. Movsas, F. Yin, and I. Chetty. “Dosimetric Evaluation and Optimization of a Novel CBCT Estimation Method for Adaptive Radiation Therapy (ART).” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 81:S821–S821. Elsevier BV, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1447.
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    • Altman, M., J. Jin, N. Wen, L. Ren, J. Kim, M. Ajlouni, S. Patel, B. Movsas, T. Nurushev, and I. Chetty. “TH‐E‐BRC‐11: Practical Methods for Improving Dose Non‐Uniformity in Monte Carlo‐ Based IMRT Planning of Lung Tumors Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT).” In Medical Physics, 38:3871, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3613579.
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    • Jin, J., L. Ren, J. Kim, S. Kim, B. Movsas, and I. Chetty. “MO‐D‐BRC‐06: A Multi‐Exposure Approach to Improve Image Quality for Linac‐Based Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).” In Medical Physics, 38:3713, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3612970.
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    • Kim, S., L. Ren, J. Jin, J. Kim, B. Movsas, and I. Chetty. “SU‐E‐J‐21: Verification of a Monte Carlo Model of CBCT Flat Panel Detector Using BEAMnrc/EGSnrc Code.” In Medical Physics, 38:3446, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3611789.
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    • Ren, L., J. Jin, B. Movsas, F. Yin, and I. Chetty. “MO‐D‐BRC‐01: Dosimetric Evaluation of a Novel Cone‐Beam CT (CBCT) Estimation Method Using Prior Information for Lung Cancer Patient Treatment.” In Medical Physics, 38:3712, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3612965.
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    • Jin, J., L. Ren, J. Kim, B. Movsas, and I. Chetty. “TU‐C‐204B‐01: Reduce Patient Dose and Improve Image Quality in CBCT for Image Guided Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, 37:3384, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469224.
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    • Kim, J., L. Ren, J. Jin, H. Zhong, and I. J. Chetty. “SU‐DD‐A4‐03: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Reconstruction on Graphics Processing Units: Flat3D Texture Techniques.” In Medical Physics, 37:3092, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468001.
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    • Neicu, T., L. Ren, I. Chetty, D. Pradhan, H. Stricker, B. Movsas, and M. Elshaikh. “TU‐C‐204B‐07: A Comparative Study for Daily Localization with 3D Ultrasound, Cone Beam CT, Implanted Prostate Fiducial Markers and Calypso 4D Localization System for Patients Undergoing IGRT for Prostate Cancer.” In Medical Physics, 37:3385–86, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469230.
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    • Ren, L., J. Kim, Q. Liu, B. Movsas, I. Chetty, and J. Jin. “SU‐GG‐J‐30: A Novel Scatter Reduction and Correction Method to Improve Cone‐Beam CT (CBCT) Image Quality.” In Medical Physics, 37:3151, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468254.
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    • Shaikh, M., N. Wen, J. Kim, L. Ren, S. Kumar, D. Liu, B. Movsas, M. Ajlouni, and I. Chetty. “MO‐E‐BRA‐05: Clinical Issues Associated with the Use of Monte Carlo‐Based Prospective Planning for Lung SBRT and Spine SRS Patients.” In Medical Physics, 37:3354, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469108.
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    • Ren, L., J. Zhang, D. Thongphiew, Q. Wu, H. Yan, D. M. Brizel, W. R. Lee, C. G. Willett, and F. Yin. “Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Novel 3D Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Reconstruction Method using a Deformation Field Map.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 75:S96–S96. Elsevier BV, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.236.
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    • Bowsher, J., W. Giles, J. Roper, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐J‐09: Limited‐Angle Imaging for Target Positioning Using Orthogonal Conebeam X‐Ray Systems.” In Medical Physics, 36:2476–77, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3181301.
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    • Yin, F., Q. Wu, D. Godfrey, L. Ren, S. Yoo, J. Maurer, and H. Yan. “TH‐A‐211A‐01: Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 36:2790–91, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3182588.
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    • Bowsher, J. E., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Limited-angle DTS Imaging using CT Bone Information.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 72:S654–S654. Elsevier BV, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.335.
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    • Ren, L., J. Zhang, D. Thongphiew, Q. Wu, D. J. Godfrey, S. Zhou, and F. Yin. “A Novel Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Reconstruction Method using Prior Information and a Deformation Model.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 72:S109–S109. Elsevier BV, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1014.
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    • Ren, L., J. Zhang, D. Thongphiew, D. Godfrey, S. Zhou, and F. Yin. “TH‐D‐351‐02: A Novel Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Reconstruction Method Using Prior Information and a Deformation Model.” In Medical Physics, 35:2989, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2962923.
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    • Yan, H., L. Ren, D. Godfrey, S. Yoo, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐J‐119: Localization Accuracy of Target Verification System Using Digitial Tomosynthesis (DTS).” In Medical Physics, 35:2706, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961668.
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    • Yoo, S., Q. wu, D. Godfrey, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐I‐52: Conversion of On‐Board Digital TomoSynthesis (DTS) to HU Values.” In Medical Physics, 35:2654, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961450.
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    • Zhang, J., L. Ren, S. Zhou, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐I‐47: A New Limited‐Angle CT Reconstruction Method Based On Total‐Variation Minimization.” In Medical Physics, 35:2653, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961445.
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    • ma, J., Q. wu, D. Godfrey, H. Yan, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐I‐53: The Impact of Scan Angles On the Visibility of Anatomy in On‐Board Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Images for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Single‐Observer Study.” In Medical Physics, 35:2654, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961451.
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    • Ren, L., H. Yan, D. Godfrey, and F. Yin. “Automatic Registration Between Reference and On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization of Head and Neck Treatment.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S682–S682. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2045.
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    • Yan, H., D. Godfrey, L. Ren, L. Marks, M. Kasibhalta, J. Wu, C. Willet, and F. Yin. “Implementation of Digital Tomosynthesis for On-Board Target Localization of Radiotherapy.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S633–34. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1968.
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    • Yoo, S., Q. Wu, D. Godfrey, H. Yan, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Clinical Evaluation of Digital Tomosynthesis in Positioning Verification Based on Bony Anatomy and Soft-Tissue for Prostate IMRT Treatment.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S640–41. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1978.
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    • Ren, L., H. Yan, D. Godfrey, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐J‐54: A Hybrid Multiresolution Method for Automatic Registration Between Reference and On Board Digital Tomosynthesis.” In Medical Physics, 34:2380, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2760559.
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    • Yan, H., L. Ren, D. Godfrey, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐I‐39: Development of Clinical Application Platform Using Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 34:2346–47, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2760416.
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    • Godfrey, D., L. Ren, H. Yan, M. Oldham, and F. Yin. “Evaluation of the quality of 3D-3D mutual information (MI) shared between reference and on-board DTS images.” In Medical Physics, 33:2268–2268, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2241856.
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    • Godfrey, D., L. Ren, H. Yan, M. Oldham, and F. Yin. “TH‐C‐ValB‐04: Evaluation of the Quality of 3D‐3D Mutual Information (MI) Shared Between Reference and On‐Board DTS Images.” In Medical Physics, 33:2268, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2241855.
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    • Ren, L., D. Godfrey, J. wu, H. Yan, and F. Yin. “SU‐CC‐ValA‐01: Automatic Comparison Between Reference and On Board Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 33:1982, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2240119.
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• Teaching & Mentoring
• 

  Recent Courses

  • MEDPHY 791K: Independent Study in Medical Physics 2020
  • MEDPHY 791K: Independent Study in Medical Physics 2019
• Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
• 

  Service to the Profession

  • Member of the NIH Study Section on Academic-Industrial Partnerships for Translation of Medical Technologies – SBIB Q57. 2020  2020
  • Therapy Scientific Program Director for AAPM Annual Meeting . 2020 - 2021  2020 - 2021
  • Guest Editor of Special Issue on Quantitative Imaging for Radiation Oncology in Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery journal. 2019  2019
  • Member of the AAPM Annual Meeting Scientific Program Working Group. 2019 - 2021  2019 - 2021
  • Member of the NIH Study Section on Imaging Guided Interventions and Surgery (IGIS). 2019  2019
  • Member of the NIH Study Section on Small Business: Medical Imaging–SBIB (10) . 2019  2019
  • Therapy Scientific Program Co-Director for AAPM Annual Meeting . 2019 - 2020  2019 - 2020
  • AAPM Working Group for Non-clinical Professionals. 2018 - 2021  2018 - 2021
  • Invited speaker and Faculty for the AAPM summer school. 2018  2018
  • ASTRO Research Grants Evaluation Subcommittee. 2017 - 2020  2017 - 2020
  • Board of Associate Editors of Medical Physics journal. 2016  2016
• 

  Service to Duke

  • Chair of the Qualify Exam Committee of the Duke Medical Physics Graduate Program. 2017 - 2019  2017 - 2019
  • Qualify Exam Committee of the Duke Kunshan University (DKU) Medical Physics Graduate Program. 2016 - 2018  2016 - 2018
  • Qualify exam redesign task force and committee member of the Duke Medical Physics Graduate Program. 2016 - 2017  2016 - 2017
  • Admission committee of the Duke Medical Physics Graduate Program. 2015 - 2017  2015 - 2017
  • Admission committee of the Duke Medical Physics Residency Program. 2011 - 2020  2011 - 2020

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