Lei Ren | Scholars@Duke

Lei Ren
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology

Dr. Ren's research interests include imaging dose reduction using digital tomosynthesis (DTS), cone-beam CT (CBCT) scatter correction, novel DTS/CBCT image reconstruction methods using prior information and motion modeling, image guided radiation therapy (IGRT), deformable image registration, patient clinical objective QA methods, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2015
Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 2017

Contact Information

04209 Radiation Physics, P.O. Box 3295 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710
Box 3295 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
lei.ren@duke.edu (919) 668-0489

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Medical Physics Faculty, Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System 2009 - 2011
- Ph.D., Duke University 2009
Duke Appointment History
- Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2011 - 2015
Recognition
Awards & Honors
- ASTRO Annual Meeting Basic Science Abstract Award. American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). 2010
Research
Selected Grants
- A Limited-angle Intra-fractional Verification (LIVE) System for SBRT Treatments awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2019
- A synchronized moving grid (SMOG) system to improve CBCT for IGRT and ART awarded by Indiana University 2016 - 2017
- A synchronized moving grid system to improve CBCT for IGRT and ART awarded by Georgia Regents University 2013 - 2016
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Zhang, Yawei, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “First clinical retrospective investigation of limited projection CBCT for lung tumor localization in patients receiving SBRT treatment..” Phys Med Biol 64, no. 10 (May 8, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab1c0c.
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  - Ding, George X., Yawei Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Technical Note: Imaging dose resulting from optimized procedures with limited-angle intrafractional verification system during stereotactic body radiation therapy lung treatment..” Med Phys, April 2, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13511.
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  - Harris, Wendy, Chunhao Wang, Fang-Fang Yin, Jing Cai, and Lei Ren. “A Novel method to generate on-board 4D MRI using prior 4D MRI and on-board kV projections from a conventional LINAC for target localization in liver SBRT..” Medical Physics 45, no. 7 (July 2018): 3238–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12998.
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  - Bootsma, Gregory J., Lei Ren, Hong Zhang, Jian-Yue Jin, and David A. Jaffray. “Monte Carlo analysis of beam blocking grid design parameters: Scatter estimation and the importance of electron backscatter..” Medical Physics 45, no. 3 (March 2018): 1059–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12756.
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  - Gao, Hao, Yawei Zhang, Lei Ren, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Principal component reconstruction (PCR) for cine CBCT with motion learning from 2D fluoroscopy..” Medical Physics 45, no. 1 (January 2018): 167–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12671.
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  - Zhang, Yawei, Xinchen Deng, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Image acquisition optimization of a limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for lung radiotherapy..” Medical Physics 45, no. 1 (January 2018): 340–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12647.
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  - Harris, Wendy, Fang-Fang Yin, Chunhao Wang, You Zhang, Jing Cai, and Lei Ren. “Accelerating volumetric cine MRI (VC-MRI) using undersampling for real-time 3D target localization/tracking in radiation therapy: a feasibility study..” Physics in Medicine and Biology 63, no. 1 (December 14, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa9746.
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  - Mao, Ronghu, Lingling Tian, You Zhang, Lei Ren, Renqi Gao, Fang-Fang Yin, and Hong Ge. “Dosimetric Analysis of Microscopic Disease in SBRT for Lung Cancers..” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 16, no. 6 (December 2017): 1113–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617734689.
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  - Sun, W. Z., M. Y. Jiang, L. Ren, J. Dang, T. You, and F. -. F. Yin. “Respiratory signal prediction based on adaptive boosting and multi-layer perceptron neural network..” Physics in Medicine and Biology 62, no. 17 (August 3, 2017): 6822–35. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa7cd4.
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  - Zhang, Yawei, Fang-Fang Yin, You Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Reducing scan angle using adaptive prior knowledge for a limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for conformal arc radiotherapy..” Physics in Medicine and Biology 62, no. 9 (May 2017): 3859–82. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa6913.
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  - Harris, Wendy, You Zhang, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Estimating 4D-CBCT from prior information and extremely limited angle projections using structural PCA and weighted free-form deformation for lung radiotherapy..” Medical Physics 44, no. 3 (March 2017): 1089–1104. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12102.
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  - Wang, Chunhao, Fang-Fang Yin, W. P. Segars, Zheng Chang, and Lei Ren. “Development of a Computerized 4-D MRI Phantom for Liver Motion Study..” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, January 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617723753.
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  - Zhang, Lei, Yawei Zhang, You Zhang, Wendy B. Harris, Fang-Fang Yin, Jing Cai, and Lei Ren. “Markerless Four-Dimensional-Cone Beam Computed Tomography Projection-Phase Sorting Using Prior Knowledge and Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study..” Cancer Translational Medicine 3, no. 6 (January 2017): 185–93.
  - Zhang, You, Lei Ren, Irina Vergalasova, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Clinical Study of Orthogonal-View Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis for Lung Tumor Localization..” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, January 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034617705716.
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  - Xin-Ye, Ni, Lei Ren, Hui Yan, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Sensitivity of 3D Dose Verification to Multileaf Collimator Misalignments in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Spinal Tumor..” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 15, no. 6 (December 2016): NP25–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034615610251.
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  - Harris, W., F. F. Yin, C. Wang, Z. Chang, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Ultrafast Volumetric Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (UVC-MRI) for Real-Time 3-Dimensional Target Localization/Tracking..” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 96, no. 2S (October 2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2196.
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  - Lafata, K., J. Cai, L. Ren, Q. Wu, J. C. Hong, C. R. Kelsey, and F. F. Yin. “Development of a Machine Learning Methodology to Estimate Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Dosimetric Endpoints Based on Patient-Specific Anatomic Features..” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 96, no. 2S (October 2016): E420–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1687.
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  - Ding, G., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-G-JeP3-06: Lower KV Image Dose Are Expected From a Limited-Angle Intra-Fractional Verification (LIVE) System for SBRT Treatments..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957071.
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  - Dubey, A., A. S. Iliopoulos, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-J-82: A Rapid Direct Method for Inverting Respiratory Deformation Fields..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955990.
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  - Dubey, A., A. S. Iliopoulos, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-J-83: Estimation of Deformation Field with Two-Scale Supervoxel Equations..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955991.
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  - Harris, W., F. Yin, C. Wang, Z. Chang, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “TH-EF-BRA-08: A Novel Technique for Estimating Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) From Multi-Slice Sparsely Sampled Cine Images Using Motion Modeling and Free Form Deformation..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016): 3898–99. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958265.
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  - Harris, W., F. Yin, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “SU-G-JeP3-04: Estimating 4D CBCT from Prior Information and Extremely Limited Angle Projections Using Structural PCA and Weighted Free-Form Deformation..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957069.
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  - Harris, Wendy, Lei Ren, Jing Cai, You Zhang, Zheng Chang, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A Technique for Generating Volumetric Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging..” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 95, no. 2 (June 2016): 844–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.011.
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  - Iliopoulos, A. S., D. Floros, Y. Zhang, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-I-10: Spatially Local Statistics for Adaptive Image Filtering..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955838.
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  - Iliopoulos, A. S., N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-F-J-138: An Extension of PCA-Based Respiratory Deformation Modeling Via Multi-Linear Decomposition..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4956046.
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  - Lafata, K., L. Ren, J. Cai, and F. Yin. “SU-G-JeP3-01: A Method to Quantify Lung SBRT Target Localization Accuracy Based On Digitally Reconstructed Fluoroscopy..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957066.
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  - Lafata, K., L. Ren, Q. Wu, C. Kelsey, J. Hong, J. Cai, and F. Yin. “SU-D-204-01: A Methodology Based On Machine Learning and Quantum Clustering to Predict Lung SBRT Dosimetric Endpoints From Patient Specific Anatomic Features..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4955606.
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  - Ren, L. “TH-C-BRC-03: Emerging Linac Based SRS/SBRT Technologies with Modulated Arc Delivery..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958138.
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  - Ren, Lei, Yingxuan Chen, You Zhang, William Giles, Jianyue Jin, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Scatter Reduction and Correction for Dual-Source Cone-Beam CT Using Prepatient Grids..” Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 15, no. 3 (June 2016): 416–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533034615587615.
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  - Ren, Lei. “TH-C-BRC-00: Emerging Technologies in SRS/SBRT Delivery..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958135.
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  - Wang, C., F. Yin, W. Harris, J. Cai, Z. Chang, and L. Ren. “TU-AB-BRA-09: A Novel Method of Generating Ultrafast Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) Using Prior 4D-MRI and On-Board Phase-Skipped Encoding Acquisition for Radiotherapy Target Localization..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957419.
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  - Zawisza, I., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-G-JeP4-02: An Investigation of Respiratory Surrogate Motion Data Requirements for Multiple-Step Ahead Prediction..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957112.
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  - Zhang, L., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, W. Harris, J. Cai, and L. Ren. “TH-EF-BRA-02: A Novel Markerless 4D CBCT Projection Phase Sorting Technique Using Prior Knowledge and Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4958259.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-DE-BRA-01: SCIENCE COUNCIL JUNIOR INVESTIGATOR COMPETITION WINNER: Acceleration of a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System Using Adaptive Prior Knowledge Based Image Estimation..” Medical Physics 43, no. 6 (June 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4957830.
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  - Zhang, Hong, Lei Ren, Vic Kong, William Giles, You Zhang, and Jian-Yue Jin. “An interprojection sensor fusion approach to estimate blocked projection signal in synchronized moving grid-based CBCT system..” Medical Physics 43, no. 1 (January 2016). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4937934.
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  - Zhang, You, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Dosimetric verification of lung cancer treatment using the CBCTs estimated from limited-angle on-board projections..” Medical Physics 42, no. 8 (August 2015): 4783–95. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926559.
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  - Crockett, E., M. Oldham, and L. Ren. “SU-E-T-341: DVH-Based Comparison of True 3D Measurements to a Delta4 System..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924702.
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  - Gao, R., H. Wang, Y. Zhang, R. Mao, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-E-I-40: Phantom Research On Monochromatic Images Taken by Dual CBCT with Multiple Energy Sets..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924037.
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  - Harris, W., F. Yin, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “WE-G-BRD-06: Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) Estimated Based On Prior Knowledge for On-Board Target Localization..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926062.
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  - Harris, W., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “TH-CD-303-06: Deformable Registration-Based Image Estimation Method for 4D CBCT Using Region-Based PCA..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926241.
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  - Iliopoulos, A. S., N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-AB-303-09: Rapid Projection Computations for On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis in Radiation Therapy..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925874.
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  - Iliopoulos, A. S., Y. Zhang, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-D-303-06: Multi-Layer Spectral Analysis for Tensor Structure Encoding of 4D Deformation Field Data..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925941.
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  - Mao, R., Y. Zhang, L. Ren, L. Tian, R. Gao, H. Ge, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-293: Dosimetric Analysis of Microscopic Disease in SBRT for Lung Cancers..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924655.
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  - Ren, L. “TH-D-BRD-01: X-Ray Based Real Time Imaging Verification..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926279.
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  - Zawisza, I., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “TH-AB-303-02: An Investigation of Respiratory Signal Parameters for Multiple-Step Ahead Prediction of Surrogate Motion..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926157.
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  - Zhang, H., L. Ren, V. Kong, Y. Zhang, W. Giles, and J. Jin. “WE-EF-207-04: An Inter-Projection Sensor Fusion (IPSF) Approach to Estimate Missing Projection Signal in Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) System..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926011.
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  - Zhang, H., L. Ren, V. Kong, Y. Zhang, W. Giles, and J. Jin. “WE-EF-207-08: Improve Cone Beam CT Using a Synchronized Moving Grid, An Inter-Projection Sensor Fusion and a Probability Total Variation Reconstruction..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926015.
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  - Zhang, L., Y. Zhang, W. Harris, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-E-J-26: A Novel Technique for Markerless Self-Sorted 4D-CBCT Using Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924113.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, R. Mao, R. Gao, and L. Ren. “WE-AB-303-01: FEATURED PRESENTATION: A Dual-Detector Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging Scheme Using Aggregated KV and MV Projections for Intra-Treatment Lung Tumor Tracking..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925866.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-D-303-05: Dosimetric Accuracy of CBCT Images Estimated by a Motion Modeling and Free-Form Deformation Technique for Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer..” Medical Physics 42, no. 6 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925940.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. F. Yin, T. Pan, I. Vergalasova, and L. Ren. “Preliminary clinical evaluation of a 4D-CBCT estimation technique using prior information and limited-angle projections.” Radiotherapy and Oncology 115, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.02.022.
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  - Zhang, You, Fang-Fang Yin, Tinsu Pan, Irina Vergalasova, and Lei Ren. “Preliminary clinical evaluation of a 4D-CBCT estimation technique using prior information and limited-angle projections..” Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 115, no. 1 (April 2015): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.02.022.
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  - Ashmeg, S., J. Jackson, Y. Zhang, M. Oldham, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-E-T-472: A Multi-Dimensional Measurements Comparison to Analyze a 3D Patient Specific QA Tool..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888805.
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  - Ashmeg, S., Y. Zhang, J. O’ Daniel, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-E-T-159: Evaluation of a Patient Specific QA Tool Based On TG119..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888488.
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  - Chen, Y., Y. Zhang, W. Giles, J. Jin, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “TH-A-18C-05: Scatter Reduction and Correction for Dual-Source CBCT Using the Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) System..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4889564.
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  - Harris, W., Y. Zhang, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-E-J-246: A Deformation-Field Map Based Liver 4D CBCT Reconstruction Method Using Gold Nanoparticles as Constraints..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888300.
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  - Kong, V., H. Zhang, L. Ren, and J. Jin. “SU-E-I-08: An Inpaint-Based Interpolation Technique to Recover Blocked Information for Cone Beam CT with a Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG)..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887956.
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  - Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “SU-E-I-56: Scan Angle Reduction for a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4888006.
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  - Xu, X., A. Iliopoulos, Y. Zhang, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-D-18A-02: Towards Real-Time On-Board Volumetric Image Reconstruction for Intrafraction Target Verification in Radiation Therapy..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887902.
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  - Zhang, H., V. Kong, L. Ren, and J. Jin. “SU-D-12A-01: An Inter-Projection Interpolation (IPI) Approach for the Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) to Reduce Dose in Cone Beam CT..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014): 123–24. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887925.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “WE-G-BRF-03: A Quasi-Cine CBCT Reconstruction Technique for Real-Time On- Board Target Tracking of Lung Cancer Treatment..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4889496.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “SU-D-17A-01: Geometric and Dosimetric Evaluation of a 4D-CBCT Reconstruction Technique Using Prior Knowledge..” Medical Physics 41, no. 6 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4887894.
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  - Ren, Lei, You Zhang, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for radiation therapy..” Medical Physics 41, no. 2 (February 2014). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4861820.
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  - Zhang, You, Fang-Fang Yin, W Paul Segars, and Lei Ren. “A technique for estimating 4D-CBCT using prior knowledge and limited-angle projections..” Medical Physics 40, no. 12 (December 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4825097.
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  - Zhang, You, Lei Ren, C Clifton Ling, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Respiration-phase-matched digital tomosynthesis imaging for moving target verification: a feasibility study..” Medical Physics 40, no. 7 (July 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4810921.
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  - Ren, L., Y. Zhang, Y. Yang, J. Adamson, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-196: Pretreatment Patient Clinical Objective IMRT Quality Assurance Using a 3D Diode Array..” Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part13 (June 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4814631.
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  - Turner, K., Y. Zhang, I. Vergalasova, L. Ren, P. Segars, C. Kelsey, D. Yoo, F. Yin, and J. Cai. “MO-F-WAB-11: Investigation of CBCT-Based Patient Positioning Accuracy in Lung SBRT: Correlation with Breathing Irregularity..” Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part24 (June 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815300.
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  - Wu, Q., Z. Chang, J. Adamson, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-560: A Method to Determine Optimal Dynamic MLC Parameters for Varian Truebeam with Millennium MLC and HDMLC..” Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part19 (June 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4814989.
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  - Zhang, Y., L. Ren, C. Ling, and F. Yin. “WE-A-134-04: Comprehensive Evaluation of a Respiration-Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging Technique for Monitoring Moving Targets..” Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part28 (June 2013): 469–70. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815510.
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  - Zhang, Y., P. Segars, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “TU-G-141-03: An On-Board 4D-CBCT Reconstruction Technique Using Limited-Angle Projections Based On Motion Modeling and Free-Form Deformation (MM-FD)..” Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part27 (June 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815463.
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  - Zou, G., L. Ren, J. Kim, D. Jaffray, I. Chetty, and J. Jin. “WE-G-141-07: Feasibility of Using a Grid to Detect and Correct the Geometric Variations in Flat-Panel Based Cone Beam CT..” Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part31 (June 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815658.
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  - Mayyas, Essa, Indrin J. Chetty, Mikhail Chetvertkov, Ning Wen, Toni Neicu, Teamor Nurushev, Lei Ren, et al. “Evaluation of multiple image-based modalities for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) of prostate carcinoma: a prospective study..” Medical Physics 40, no. 4 (April 2013). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4794502.
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  - Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “Phase/Amplitude-matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging for Moving Target Localization..” Practical Radiation Oncology 3, no. 2 Suppl 1 (April 2013): S20–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prro.2013.01.070.
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  - Chang, Zheng, Qiuwen Wu, Justus Adamson, Lei Ren, James Bowsher, Hui Yan, Andrew Thomas, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Commissioning and dosimetric characteristics of TrueBeam system: composite data of three TrueBeam machines..” Med Phys 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 6981–7018. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4762682.
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  - Li, Hao, William Giles, Lei Ren, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Implementation of dual-energy technique for virtual monochromatic and linearly mixed CBCTs..” Medical Physics 39, no. 10 (October 2012): 6056–64. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4752212.
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  - Ren, Lei, Fang-Fang Yin, Indrin J. Chetty, David A. Jaffray, and Jian-Yue Jin. “Feasibility study of a synchronized-moving-grid (SMOG) system to improve image quality in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)..” Medical Physics 39, no. 8 (August 2012): 5099–5110. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736826.
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  - Chang, Zheng, James Bowsher, Jing Cai, Sua Yoo, Zhiheng Wang, Justus Adamson, Lei Ren, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Imaging system QA of a medical accelerator, Novalis Tx, for IGRT per TG 142: our 1 year experience..” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 4 (July 5, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i4.3754.
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  - Chang, Z., Q. Wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-104: Commissioning and Dosimetric Characteristics of TrueBeam System: Composite Data of Three TrueBeam Machines..” Medical Physics 39, no. 6Part11 (June 2012). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735162.
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  - Huang, C., L. Ren, J. Kirkpatrick, and Z. Wang. “SU-E-T-645: Treatment of Multiple Brain Metastases Using Stereotactic Radiosurgery with Single-Isocenter Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy: Comparison with Conventional Dynamic Conformal Arc and Static Beam Stereotactic Radiosurgery..” Medical Physics 39, no. 6Part20 (June 2012). https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735734.
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  - Kim, Jinkoo, Ning Wen, Jian-Yue Jin, Nicole Walls, Sangroh Kim, Haisen Li, Lei Ren, et al. “Clinical commissioning and use of the Novalis Tx linear accelerator for SRS and SBRT..” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 3 (May 10, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3729.
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  - Ren, Lei, Indrin J. Chetty, Junan Zhang, Jian-Yue Jin, Q Jackie Wu, Hui Yan, David M. Brizel, W Robert Lee, Benjamin Movsas, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Development and clinical evaluation of a three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography estimation method using a deformation field map..” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 82, no. 5 (April 2012): 1584–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.02.002.
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  - Chang, Z., J. Bowsher, J. Cai, S. Yoo, Z. Wang, J. Adamson, L. Ren, and F. F. Yin. “Imaging system QA of a medical accelerator, Novalis Tx, for IGRT per TG 142: Our 1 year experience.” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 113–40. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i4.3754.
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  - Kim, J., N. Wen, J. Y. Jin, N. Walls, S. Kim, H. Li, L. Ren, et al. “Clinical commissioning and use of the Novalis Tx linear accelerator for SRS and SBRT.” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 124–51. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3729.
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  - Jin, Jian-Yue, Ning Wen, Lei Ren, Carri Glide-Hurst, and Indrin J. Chetty. “Advances in treatment techniques: arc-based and other intensity modulated therapies..” Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.) 17, no. 3 (May 2011): 166–76. https://doi.org/10.1097/ppo.0b013e31821f8318.
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  - Jin, Jian-Yue, Feng-Ming Kong, Dezhi Liu, Lei Ren, Haisen Li, Hualiang Zhong, Benjamin Movsas, and Indrin J. Chetty. “A TCP model incorporating setup uncertainty and tumor cell density variation in microscopic extension to guide treatment planning..” Medical Physics 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 439–48. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3531543.
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  - Jin, Jian-Yue, Lei Ren, Qiang Liu, Jinkoo Kim, Ning Wen, Huaiqun Guan, Benjamin Movsas, and Indrin J. Chetty. “Combining scatter reduction and correction to improve image quality in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)..” Medical Physics 37, no. 11 (November 2010): 5634–44. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3497272.
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  - Yoo, Sua, Q Jackie Wu, Devon Godfrey, Hui Yan, Lei Ren, Shiva Das, William R. Lee, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Clinical evaluation of positioning verification using digital tomosynthesis and bony anatomy and soft tissues for prostate image-guided radiotherapy..” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 73, no. 1 (January 2009): 296–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.09.006.
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  - Ren, Lei, Junan Zhang, Danthai Thongphiew, Devon J. Godfrey, Q Jackie Wu, Su-Min Zhou, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A novel digital tomosynthesis (DTS) reconstruction method using a deformation field map..” Medical Physics 35, no. 7Part1 (July 2008): 3110–15. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2940725.
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  - Ren, Lei, Junan Zhang, Danthai Thongphiew, Devon J. Godfrey, Q Jackie Wu, Su-Min Zhou, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A novel digital tomosynthesis (DTS) reconstruction method using a deformation field map..” Medical Physics 35, no. 7 (July 2008): 3110–15. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2940725.
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  - Ren, Lei, Devon J. Godfrey, Hui Yan, Q Jackie Wu, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Automatic registration between reference and on-board digital tomosynthesis images for positioning verification..” Medical Physics 35, no. 2 (February 2008): 664–72. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2831903.
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  - Yan, Hui, Ren Lei, Jackie Wu, Fu Di, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Evaluation of Image Enhancement Method on Target Registration Using Cone Beam CT in Radiation Therapy..” Clinical Medicine. Oncology 2 (January 2008): 289–99.
  - Yan, Hui, Lei Ren, Devon J. Godfrey, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Accelerating reconstruction of reference digital tomosynthesis using graphics hardware..” Medical Physics 34, no. 10 (October 2007): 3768–76. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2779945.
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  - Godfrey, Devon J., Lei Ren, Hui Yan, Q. Wu, Sua Yoo, M. Oldham, and Fang Fang Yin. “Evaluation of three types of reference image data for external beam radiotherapy target localization using digital tomosynthesis (DTS)..” Medical Physics 34, no. 8 (August 2007): 3374–84. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2756941.
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- Book Sections
  - Godfrey, D. J., L. Ren, Q. J. Wu, and F. F. Yin. “Tomosynthesis applications in radiation oncology.” In Tomosynthesis Imaging, 199–212, 2016.
  - Wu, Q. J., D. J. Godfrey, L. Ren, S. Yoo, and F. Yin. “On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis: An Emerging New Technology for IGRT.” In Image-Guided Radiation Therapy, edited by D. Bourland. CRC Press, 2012.
- Conference Papers
  - Dubey, Abhishek, Alexandros-Stavros Iliopoulos, Xiaobai Sun, Fang-Fang Yin, and Lei Ren. “Iterative inversion of deformation vector fields with feedback control..” In Medical Physics, 45:3147–60, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12962.
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  - Chen, Y., F. Yin, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Low Dose CBCT Reconstruction Via Hybrid Prior Contour Based Total Variation Regularization (Hybrid-PCTV).” In Medical Physics, 45:E704–E704. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Chen, Y., K. Lafata, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Daily Edge Deformation Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network Regression for Prior Contour Based Total Variation Reconstruction (PCTV-ANN) for LOW Dose CBCT.” In Medical Physics, 45:E415–E415. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Harris, W., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) Using Motion Modeling, Free-Form Deformation and Multi-Slice Undersampled 2D Cine MRI Reconstructed with Spatio-Temporal Low-Rank Decomposition.” In Medical Physics, 45:E645–46. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Harris, W., W. Sun, J. Pham, Z. Yang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Predicting Real-Time 3D Deformation Field Maps (DEM) Based On Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) and Artificial Neural Networks for On-Board 4D Target Tracking/Gating.” In Medical Physics, 45:E645–E645. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Jiang, Z., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Interfraction Motion Modeling (IMM) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for CBCT Image Estimation with Limited Projections.” In Medical Physics, 45:E387–E387. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Liu, T., X. Sun, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Deformable Organ Contour Transfer with Deep Inverse Shape Encoding (DISE) Networks for Auto-Segmentation in Low Contrast Regions.” In Medical Physics, 45:E688–E688. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Liu, X., Y. Zhang, W. Harris, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Clinical Evaluation of a Prior Knowledge-Based 4D-CBCT Estimation Technique for Lung Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, 45:E645–E645. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Ren, G., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Enhancing On-Board Image Contrast Using Prior Images and Deformable Registration for Target Localization: A Feasibility Study.” In Medical Physics, 45:E600–E600. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Rong, Y., L. Ren, and P. Keall. “Motion Management in SBRT: Principles, Advances and Clinical Implementations.” In Medical Physics, 45:E681–E681. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Yang, Z., L. Ren, F. Yin, X. Liang, and J. Cai. “Robust 4D-MRI Sorting with Reduced Artifacts Based on Anatomic Feature Matching.” In Medical Physics, 45:E597–E597. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “First Clinical Investigation of Limited Angle CBCT for Lung Tumor Localization in Breath Hold Patients.” In Medical Physics, 45:E485–E485. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Chen, Yingxuan, Fang-Fang Yin, Yawei Zhang, You Zhang, and Lei Ren. “Low dose CBCT reconstruction via prior contour based total variation (PCTV) regularization: a feasibility study..” In Phys Med Biol, Vol. 63, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aab68d.
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  - Wang, C., W. Harris, F. F. Yin, Z. Chang, J. Cai, and L. Ren. “A Novel Method of Generating Onboard 4D-MRI for Liver SBRT Target Localization Using Prior 4D-MRI Simulation and Onboard Limited Angle kV Acquisition from a Conventional LINAC.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 99:S126–27. Elsevier BV, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.296.
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  - Ding, G., Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “MV and KV Imagingdose Resulting From 4D Target Verification Using the Limited-AngleIntra-Fractional Verification (LIVE) System for SBRT Lung Treatment.” In Medical Physics, 44:3223–3223. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Floros, D., A. S. Iliopoulos, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, and L. Ren. “Adaptive Medical Image Denoising Over Multiple Anatomical Regions with Edge and Texture Preservation.” In Medical Physics, 44:3265–3265. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Gao, H., Y. Zhang, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Principal Component Reconstruction (PCR) for Cine CBCT with Motion Learning From 2D Fluoroscopy.” In Medical Physics, 44:3010–3010. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Harris, W., C. Wang, F. Yin, J. Cai, and L. Ren. “A Novel Method to Generate On-Board 4D MRI Using Prior 4D MRI and On-Board Limited Angle KV Projections From a Conventional LINAC for Liver SBRT Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 44:3154–55. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Harris, W., C. Wang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “A Technique to Generate Ultrafast Volumetric Cine MRI (UVC-MRI) Through Direct K-Space Matching for On-Board Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 44:3003–4. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Liu, T., D. Floros, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Robust Automatic Co-Segmentation of Multiple Medical Images.” In Medical Physics, 44:3024–25. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Ren, Lei, G. Hugo, D. Low, and W. Yang. “Multi-Modality 4D Imaging: From Principles to Applications.” In Medical Physics, 44:3034–35. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Wang, C., F. Yin, P. Segars, Z. Chang, and L. Ren. “Development of a Computerized 4D MRI Phantom for Liver Motion Study.” In Medical Physics, 44:3027–3027. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Zhang, Y., G. Ding, X. Liu, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Clinical Implementation and Evaluation of a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System for Lung Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 44. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Zhang, Y., J. Meyer, L. Ren, J Nasehi Tehrani, and J. Wang. “Liver 4D-CBCT Imaging by a Motion Modeling and Biomechanical Modeling-Guided Reconstruction Technique (MM-Bio-Recon).” In Medical Physics, 44:3311–3311. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Zhang, Y., X. Deng, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Image Acquisition Optimization of a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System for Lung Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 44. WILEY, 2017.
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  - Harris, W., F. F. Yin, C. Wang, Z. Chang, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Ultrafast Volumetric Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (UVC-MRI) for Real-Time 3-Dimensional Target Localization/Tracking.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 96:E626–E626, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2196.
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  - Harris, W., F. F. Yin, C. Wang, Z. Chang, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Ultrafast Volumetric Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (UVC-MRI) for Real-Time 3-Dimensional Target Localization/Tracking.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 96:E626–E626, 2016.
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  - Lafata, K., J. Cai, L. Ren, Q. Wu, J. C. Hong, C. R. Kelsey, and F. F. Yin. “Development of a Machine Learning Methodology to Estimate Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Dosimetric Endpoints Based on Patient-Specific Anatomic Features.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 96:E420–21, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1687.
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  - Lafata, K., J. Cai, L. Ren, Q. Wu, J. C. Hong, C. R. Kelsey, and F. F. Yin. “Development of a Machine Learning Methodology to Estimate Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Dosimetric Endpoints Based on Patient-Specific Anatomic Features.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 96:E420–21, 2016.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. F. Yin, I. Vergalasova, and L. Ren. “Phase-matched DTS Imaging for Lung Tumor Localization.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 93:E600–E600. Elsevier BV, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2079.
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  - Crockett, E., M. Oldham, and L. Ren. “DVH-Based Comparison of True 3D Measurements to a Delta4 System.” In Medical Physics, 42:3411–12, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924702.
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  - Gao, R., H. Wang, Y. Zhang, R. Mao, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Phantom Research On Monochromatic Images Taken by Dual CBCT with Multiple Energy Sets.” In Medical Physics, 42:3250–3250, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924037.
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  - Harris, W., F. Yin, J. Cai, Y. Zhang, and L. Ren. “Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) Estimated Based On Prior Knowledge for On-Board Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 42:3689–3689, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926062.
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  - Harris, W., Y. Zhang, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Deformable Registration-Based Image Estimation Method for 4D CBCT Using Region-Based PCA.” In Medical Physics, 42:3729–30, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926241.
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  - Iliopoulos, A. S., N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Rapid Projection Computations for On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis in Radiation Therapy.” In Medical Physics, 42:3658–3658, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925874.
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  - Iliopoulos, A. S., Y. Zhang, N. Pitsianis, X. Sun, F. F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Multi-Layer Spectral Analysis for Tensor Structure Encoding of 4D Deformation Field Data.” In Medical Physics, 42:3669–70, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925941.
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  - Mao, R., Y. Zhang, L. Ren, L. Tian, R. Gao, H. Ge, and F. Yin. “Dosimetric Analysis of Microscopic Disease in SBRT for Lung Cancers.” In Medical Physics, 42:3400–3400, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924655.
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  - Ren, L., D. Low, M. Descovich, and P. Keall. “Real Time Imaging Verification and Tracking for Moving Targets.” In Medical Physics, 42:3738–39, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926279.
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  - Zawisza, I., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “An Investigation of Respiratory Signal Parameters for Multiple-Step Ahead Prediction of Surrogate Motion.” In Medical Physics, 42:3711–3711, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926157.
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  - Zhang, H., L. Ren, V. Kong, Y. Zhang, W. Giles, and J. Jin. “An Inter-Projection Sensor Fusion (IPSF) Approach to Estimate Missing Projection Signal in Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) System.” In Medical Physics, 42:3681–3681, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926011.
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  - Zhang, H., L. Ren, V. Kong, Y. Zhang, W. Giles, and J. Jin. “Improve Cone Beam CT Using a Synchronized Moving Grid, An Inter-Projection Sensor Fusion and a Probability Total Variation Reconstruction.” In Medical Physics, 42:3682–3682, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4926015.
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  - Zhang, L., Y. Zhang, W. Harris, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “A Novel Technique for Markerless Self-Sorted 4D-CBCT Using Patient Motion Modeling: A Feasibility Study.” In Medical Physics, 42:3269–3269, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4924113.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, R. Mao, R. Gao, and L. Ren. “FEATURED PRESENTATION: A Dual-Detector Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging Scheme Using Aggregated KV and MV Projections for Intra-Treatment Lung Tumor Tracking.” In Medical Physics, 42:3655–56, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925866.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, and L. Ren. “Dosimetric Accuracy of CBCT Images Estimated by a Motion Modeling and Free-Form Deformation Technique for Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer.” In Medical Physics, 42:3669–3669, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4925940.
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  - Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “Dosimetric Evaluation of a Limited-angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 90:S25–S25. Elsevier BV, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.123.
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  - Zhang, Hong, Fengchong Kong, Lei Ren, and Jian-Yue Jin. “An Inter-Projection Interpolation (IPI) Approach with Geometric Model Restriction to Reduce Image Dose in Cone Beam CT (CBCT)..” In Computational Modeling of Objects Presented in Images : Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications : 4th International Conference, Compimage 2014, Pittsburgh, Pa, Usa, September 3 5, 2014. Compimage (Conference) (4th : 2014 : Pittsburgh, P.., 8641:12–23, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09994-1_2.
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  - Zhang, Y., F. Yin, T. Pan, I. Vergalasova, and L. Ren. “Lung 4D-CBCT Reconstruction Using Prior Information and Limited-Angle Projections: Phantom and Patient Studies.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 90:S835–S835. Elsevier BV, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2399.
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  - Ashmeg, S., J. Jackson, Y. Zhang, M. Oldham, F. Yin, and L. Ren. “A Multi-Dimensional Measurements Comparison to Analyze a 3D Patient Specific QA Tool.” In Medical Physics, 41:335–335. WILEY, 2014.
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  - Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “Scan Angle Reduction for a Limited-Angle Intrafraction Verification (LIVE) System.” In Medical Physics, 41:143–143. WILEY, 2014.
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  - Ren, L., Y. Zhang, and F. Yin. “A Limited-Angle Intrafractional Verification (LIVE) System for Intrafractional Positioning Verification of Lung SBRT Treatment.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 87:S145–46. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.375.
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  - Turner, K., Y. Zhang, I. Vergalasova, L. Ren, P. Segars, F. Yin, and J. Cai. “Breathing Irregularity-Induced Uncertainties in Patient Positioning of Lung SBRT: An Investigation Based on a Digital Human Phantom.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 87:S681–S681. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1807.
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  - Yan, S., J. Bowsher, W. Giles, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “A Simulation Study of Treatment Verification Using On-Board Multipinhole SPECT.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 87:S707–S707. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1873.
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  - Ren, L., J. O’Daniel, J. Adamson, H. Yan, and F. Yin. “Can Standard Radiation Therapy Quality Assurance (QA) Detect Potential Delivery Errors?.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 84:S779–S779. Elsevier BV, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2084.
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  - Chang, Z., Q. Wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “Assessing Effects of Ion Collection Efficiency in Flattening Filter-Free (FFF) Beams On Three TrueBeam Machines.” In Medical Physics, 39:3719–3719. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735130.
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  - Chang, Z., Q. Wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “Commissioning and Dosimetric Characteristics of TrueBeam System: Composite Data of Three TrueBeam Machines.” In Medical Physics, 39:3726–3726. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735162.
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  - Huang, C., L. Ren, J. Kirkpatrick, and Z. Wang. “Treatment of Multiple Brain Metastases Using Stereotactic Radiosurgery with Single-Isocenter Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy: Comparison with Conventional Dynamic Conformal Arc and Static Beam Stereotactic Radiosurgery.” In Medical Physics, 39:3854–3854. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735734.
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  - Jin, J., L. Ren, J. Kim, S. Kim, B. Movsas, D. Jaffrey, and I. Chetty. “A Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) to Detect and Correct Imaging Lag in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Simulation Study.” In Medical Physics, 39:3893–3893. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735890.
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  - Li, H., W. Giles, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “Dual-Energy CBCT Imaging for Metal Artifact Reduction and Contrast Enhancement.” In Medical Physics, 39:4017–4017. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736387.
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  - O’Daniel, J., L. Ren, H. Yan, and F. Yin. “A Protocol for Comprehensive Acceptance/Commissioning of Complex 3D QA Devices.” In Medical Physics, 39:3718–3718. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735126.
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  - Ren, L., J. Jin, and F. Yin. “Contrast-To-Noise Ratio (CNR) Enhancement and Lag Correction in Cone Beam CT (CBCT) Using a Synchronized-MOving-Grid (SMOG) System.” In Medical Physics, 39:3890–91. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735881.
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  - Zhang, Y., L. Ren, I. Vergalasova, J. Cai, and F. Yin. “Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging for Simultaneous Target Verification During Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Treatment.” In Medical Physics, 39:3889–90. AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735877.
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  - Chang, Z., Q. wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “SU‐E‐T‐74: Assessing Effects of Ion Collection Efficiency in Flattening Filter‐Free (FFF) Beams on Three TrueBeam Machines.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 39, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735130.
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  - Jin, J., L. Ren, J. Kim, S. Kim, B. Movsas, D. Jaffrey, and I. Chetty. “TU‐A‐213CD‐11: A Synchronized Moving Grid (SMOG) to Detect and Correct Imaging Lag in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Simulation Study.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 39, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735890.
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  - O’daniel, J., L. Ren, H. Yan, and F. Yin. “SU‐E‐T‐70: A Protocol for Comprehensive Acceptance/Commissioning of Complex 3D QA Devices.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 39, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735126.
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  - Ren, L., J. Jin, and F. Yin. “TU‐A‐213CD‐02: Contrast‐To‐Noise Ratio (CNR) Enhancement and Lag Correction in Cone Beam CT (CBCT) Using a Synchronized‐MOving‐Grid (SMOG) System.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 39, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735881.
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  - Zhang, Y., L. Ren, I. Vergalasova, J. Cai, and F. Yin. “TU‐A‐BRA‐09: Phase‐Matched Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Imaging for Simultaneous Target Verification during Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Treatment.” In Medical Physics, 39:3889–90, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735877.
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  - li, H., W. Giles, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “TH‐E‐218‐01: Dual‐Energy CBCT Imaging for Metal Artifact Reduction and Contrast Enhancement.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 39, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736387.
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  - Ren, L., J. Jin, B. Movsas, F. Yin, and I. Chetty. “Dosimetric Evaluation and Optimization of a Novel CBCT Estimation Method for Adaptive Radiation Therapy (ART).” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 81:S821–S821. Elsevier BV, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1447.
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  - Altman, M., J. Jin, N. Wen, L. Ren, J. Kim, M. Ajlouni, S. Patel, B. Movsas, T. Nurushev, and I. Chetty. “TH‐E‐BRC‐11: Practical Methods for Improving Dose Non‐Uniformity in Monte Carlo‐ Based IMRT Planning of Lung Tumors Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT).” In Medical Physics, Vol. 38, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3613579.
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  - Jin, J., L. Ren, J. Kim, S. Kim, B. Movsas, and I. Chetty. “MO‐D‐BRC‐06: A Multi‐Exposure Approach to Improve Image Quality for Linac‐Based Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).” In Medical Physics, Vol. 38, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3612970.
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  - Kim, S., L. Ren, J. Jin, J. Kim, B. Movsas, and I. Chetty. “SU‐E‐J‐21: Verification of a Monte Carlo Model of CBCT Flat Panel Detector Using BEAMnrc/EGSnrc Code.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 38, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3611789.
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  - Ren, L., J. Jin, B. Movsas, F. Yin, and I. Chetty. “MO‐D‐BRC‐01: Dosimetric Evaluation of a Novel Cone‐Beam CT (CBCT) Estimation Method Using Prior Information for Lung Cancer Patient Treatment.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 38, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3612965.
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  - Jin, J., L. Ren, J. Kim, B. Movsas, and I. Chetty. “TU‐C‐204B‐01: Reduce Patient Dose and Improve Image Quality in CBCT for Image Guided Radiotherapy.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 37, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469224.
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  - Kim, J., L. Ren, J. Jin, H. Zhong, and I. J. Chetty. “SU‐DD‐A4‐03: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Reconstruction on Graphics Processing Units: Flat3D Texture Techniques.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 37, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468001.
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  - Neicu, T., L. Ren, I. Chetty, D. Pradhan, H. Stricker, B. Movsas, and M. Elshaikh. “TU‐C‐204B‐07: A Comparative Study for Daily Localization with 3D Ultrasound, Cone Beam CT, Implanted Prostate Fiducial Markers and Calypso 4D Localization System for Patients Undergoing IGRT for Prostate Cancer.” In Medical Physics, 37:3385–86, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469230.
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  - Ren, L., J. Kim, Q. Liu, B. Movsas, I. Chetty, and J. Jin. “SU‐GG‐J‐30: A Novel Scatter Reduction and Correction Method to Improve Cone‐Beam CT (CBCT) Image Quality.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 37, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468254.
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  - Shaikh, M., N. Wen, J. Kim, L. Ren, S. Kumar, D. Liu, B. Movsas, M. Ajlouni, and I. Chetty. “MO‐E‐BRA‐05: Clinical Issues Associated with the Use of Monte Carlo‐Based Prospective Planning for Lung SBRT and Spine SRS Patients.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 37, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469108.
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  - Ren, L., J. Zhang, D. Thongphiew, Q. Wu, H. Yan, D. M. Brizel, W. R. Lee, C. G. Willett, and F. Yin. “Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Novel 3D Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Reconstruction Method using a Deformation Field Map.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 75:S96–S96. Elsevier BV, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.236.
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  - Bowsher, J., W. Giles, J. Roper, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐J‐09: Limited‐Angle Imaging for Target Positioning Using Orthogonal Conebeam X‐Ray Systems.” In Medical Physics, 36:2476–77, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3181301.
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  - Yin, F., Q. Wu, D. Godfrey, L. Ren, S. Yoo, J. Maurer, and H. Yan. “TH‐A‐211A‐01: Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 36:2790–91, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3182588.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Limited-angle DTS Imaging using CT Bone Information.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 72:S654–S654. Elsevier BV, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.335.
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  - Ren, L., J. Zhang, D. Thongphiew, Q. Wu, D. J. Godfrey, S. Zhou, and F. Yin. “A Novel Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Reconstruction Method using Prior Information and a Deformation Model.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 72:S109–S109. Elsevier BV, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1014.
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  - Ren, L., J. Zhang, D. Thongphiew, D. Godfrey, S. Zhou, and F. Yin. “TH‐D‐351‐02: A Novel Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Reconstruction Method Using Prior Information and a Deformation Model.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2962923.
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  - Yan, H., L. Ren, D. Godfrey, S. Yoo, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐J‐119: Localization Accuracy of Target Verification System Using Digitial Tomosynthesis (DTS).” In Medical Physics, Vol. 35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961668.
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  - Yoo, S., Q. wu, D. Godfrey, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐I‐52: Conversion of On‐Board Digital TomoSynthesis (DTS) to HU Values.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961450.
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  - Zhang, J., L. Ren, S. Zhou, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐I‐47: A New Limited‐Angle CT Reconstruction Method Based On Total‐Variation Minimization.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961445.
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  - ma, J., Q. wu, D. Godfrey, H. Yan, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐I‐53: The Impact of Scan Angles On the Visibility of Anatomy in On‐Board Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS) Images for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Single‐Observer Study.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961451.
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  - Ren, L., H. Yan, D. Godfrey, and F. Yin. “Automatic Registration Between Reference and On-Board Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization of Head and Neck Treatment.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S682–S682. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2045.
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  - Yan, H., D. Godfrey, L. Ren, L. Marks, M. Kasibhalta, J. Wu, C. Willet, and F. Yin. “Implementation of Digital Tomosynthesis for On-Board Target Localization of Radiotherapy.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S633–34. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1968.
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  - Yoo, S., Q. Wu, D. Godfrey, H. Yan, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Clinical Evaluation of Digital Tomosynthesis in Positioning Verification Based on Bony Anatomy and Soft-Tissue for Prostate IMRT Treatment.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S640–41. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1978.
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  - Ren, L., H. Yan, D. Godfrey, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐J‐54: A Hybrid Multiresolution Method for Automatic Registration Between Reference and On Board Digital Tomosynthesis.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 34, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2760559.
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  - Yan, H., L. Ren, D. Godfrey, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐I‐39: Development of Clinical Application Platform Using Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, 34:2346–47, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2760416.
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  - Godfrey, D., L. Ren, H. Yan, M. Oldham, and F. Yin. “Evaluation of the quality of 3D-3D mutual information (MI) shared between reference and on-board DTS images.” In Medical Physics, 33:2268–2268, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2241856.
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  - Godfrey, D., F. Yin, Z. Wang, S. Yoo, M. Oldham, and C. Willett. “TH‐C‐ValB‐05: Rapid Low‐Dose 3D Image‐Guided Treatment Verification of Sites Prone to Respiratory Motion Using Breath‐Hold On‐Board Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS).” In Medical Physics, 33:2268–69, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2241856.
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  - Godfrey, D., L. Ren, H. Yan, M. Oldham, and F. Yin. “TH‐C‐ValB‐04: Evaluation of the Quality of 3D‐3D Mutual Information (MI) Shared Between Reference and On‐Board DTS Images.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 33, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2241855.
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  - Ren, L., D. Godfrey, J. wu, H. Yan, and F. Yin. “SU‐CC‐ValA‐01: Automatic Comparison Between Reference and On Board Digital Tomosynthesis for Target Localization.” In Medical Physics, Vol. 33, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2240119.
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Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- MEDPHY 791: Independent Study in Medical Physics 2018
- MEDPHY 791K: Independent Study in Medical Physics 2018

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